xref: /openbsd/gnu/usr.bin/perl/perlio.c (revision db3296cf)
1 /*
2  * perlio.c Copyright (c) 1996-2002, Nick Ing-Simmons You may distribute
3  * under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the
4  * Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
5  */
6 
7 /*
8  * Hour after hour for nearly three weary days he had jogged up and down,
9  * over passes, and through long dales, and across many streams.
10  */
11 
12 /*
13  * If we have ActivePerl-like PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS then we need a dTHX to get
14  * at the dispatch tables, even when we do not need it for other reasons.
15  * Invent a dSYS macro to abstract this out
16  */
17 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
18 #define dSYS dTHX
19 #else
20 #define dSYS dNOOP
21 #endif
22 
23 #define VOIDUSED 1
24 #ifdef PERL_MICRO
25 #   include "uconfig.h"
26 #else
27 #   include "config.h"
28 #endif
29 
30 #define PERLIO_NOT_STDIO 0
31 #if !defined(PERLIO_IS_STDIO) && !defined(USE_SFIO)
32 /*
33  * #define PerlIO FILE
34  */
35 #endif
36 /*
37  * This file provides those parts of PerlIO abstraction
38  * which are not #defined in perlio.h.
39  * Which these are depends on various Configure #ifdef's
40  */
41 
42 #include "EXTERN.h"
43 #define PERL_IN_PERLIO_C
44 #include "perl.h"
45 
46 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
47 #undef dSYS
48 #define dSYS dTHX
49 #endif
50 
51 #include "XSUB.h"
52 
53 int
54 perlsio_binmode(FILE *fp, int iotype, int mode)
55 {
56     /*
57      * This used to be contents of do_binmode in doio.c
58      */
59 #ifdef DOSISH
60 #  if defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__)
61     if (!fflush(fp)) {
62 	if (mode & O_BINARY)
63 	    ((FILE *) fp)->_flag |= _IOBIN;
64 	else
65 	    ((FILE *) fp)->_flag &= ~_IOBIN;
66 	return 1;
67     }
68     return 0;
69 #  else
70     dTHX;
71 #ifdef NETWARE
72     if (PerlLIO_setmode(fp, mode) != -1) {
73 #else
74     if (PerlLIO_setmode(fileno(fp), mode) != -1) {
75 #endif
76 #    if defined(WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__)
77 	/*
78 	 * The translation mode of the stream is maintained independent of
79 	 * the translation mode of the fd in the Borland RTL (heavy
80 	 * digging through their runtime sources reveal).  User has to set
81 	 * the mode explicitly for the stream (though they don't document
82 	 * this anywhere). GSAR 97-5-24
83 	 */
84 	fseek(fp, 0L, 0);
85 	if (mode & O_BINARY)
86 	    fp->flags |= _F_BIN;
87 	else
88 	    fp->flags &= ~_F_BIN;
89 #    endif
90 	return 1;
91     }
92     else
93 	return 0;
94 #  endif
95 #else
96 #  if defined(USEMYBINMODE)
97     dTHX;
98     if (my_binmode(fp, iotype, mode) != FALSE)
99 	return 1;
100     else
101 	return 0;
102 #  else
103     return 1;
104 #  endif
105 #endif
106 }
107 
108 #ifndef O_ACCMODE
109 #define O_ACCMODE 3             /* Assume traditional implementation */
110 #endif
111 
112 int
113 PerlIO_intmode2str(int rawmode, char *mode, int *writing)
114 {
115     int result = rawmode & O_ACCMODE;
116     int ix = 0;
117     int ptype;
118     switch (result) {
119     case O_RDONLY:
120 	ptype = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
121 	break;
122     case O_WRONLY:
123 	ptype = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
124 	break;
125     case O_RDWR:
126     default:
127 	ptype = IoTYPE_RDWR;
128 	break;
129     }
130     if (writing)
131 	*writing = (result != O_RDONLY);
132 
133     if (result == O_RDONLY) {
134 	mode[ix++] = 'r';
135     }
136 #ifdef O_APPEND
137     else if (rawmode & O_APPEND) {
138 	mode[ix++] = 'a';
139 	if (result != O_WRONLY)
140 	    mode[ix++] = '+';
141     }
142 #endif
143     else {
144 	if (result == O_WRONLY)
145 	    mode[ix++] = 'w';
146 	else {
147 	    mode[ix++] = 'r';
148 	    mode[ix++] = '+';
149 	}
150     }
151     if (rawmode & O_BINARY)
152 	mode[ix++] = 'b';
153     mode[ix] = '\0';
154     return ptype;
155 }
156 
157 #ifndef PERLIO_LAYERS
158 int
159 PerlIO_apply_layers(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, const char *names)
160 {
161     if (!names || !*names
162         || strEQ(names, ":crlf")
163         || strEQ(names, ":raw")
164         || strEQ(names, ":bytes")
165        ) {
166 	return 0;
167     }
168     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot apply \"%s\" in non-PerlIO perl", names);
169     /*
170      * NOTREACHED
171      */
172     return -1;
173 }
174 
175 void
176 PerlIO_destruct(pTHX)
177 {
178 }
179 
180 int
181 PerlIO_binmode(pTHX_ PerlIO *fp, int iotype, int mode, const char *names)
182 {
183 #ifdef USE_SFIO
184     return 1;
185 #else
186     return perlsio_binmode(fp, iotype, mode);
187 #endif
188 }
189 
190 PerlIO *
191 PerlIO_fdupopen(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags)
192 {
193 #ifdef PERL_MICRO
194     return NULL;
195 #else
196 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
197     return PerlSIO_fdupopen(f);
198 #else
199 #ifdef WIN32
200     return win32_fdupopen(f);
201 #else
202     if (f) {
203 	int fd = PerlLIO_dup(PerlIO_fileno(f));
204 	if (fd >= 0) {
205 	    char mode[8];
206 	    int omode = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
207 #ifdef DJGPP
208 	    omode = djgpp_get_stream_mode(f);
209 #endif
210 	    PerlIO_intmode2str(omode,mode,NULL);
211 	    /* the r+ is a hack */
212 	    return PerlIO_fdopen(fd, mode);
213 	}
214 	return NULL;
215     }
216     else {
217 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
218     }
219 #endif
220     return NULL;
221 #endif
222 #endif
223 }
224 
225 
226 /*
227  * De-mux PerlIO_openn() into fdopen, freopen and fopen type entries
228  */
229 
230 PerlIO *
231 PerlIO_openn(pTHX_ const char *layers, const char *mode, int fd,
232 	     int imode, int perm, PerlIO *old, int narg, SV **args)
233 {
234     if (narg) {
235 	if (narg > 1) {
236 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to open");
237 	}
238 	if (*args == &PL_sv_undef)
239 	    return PerlIO_tmpfile();
240 	else {
241 	    char *name = SvPV_nolen(*args);
242 	    if (*mode == '#') {
243 		fd = PerlLIO_open3(name, imode, perm);
244 		if (fd >= 0)
245 		    return PerlIO_fdopen(fd, (char *) mode + 1);
246 	    }
247 	    else if (old) {
248 		return PerlIO_reopen(name, mode, old);
249 	    }
250 	    else {
251 		return PerlIO_open(name, mode);
252 	    }
253 	}
254     }
255     else {
256 	return PerlIO_fdopen(fd, (char *) mode);
257     }
258     return NULL;
259 }
260 
261 XS(XS_PerlIO__Layer__find)
262 {
263     dXSARGS;
264     if (items < 2)
265 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage class->find(name[,load])");
266     else {
267 	char *name = SvPV_nolen(ST(1));
268 	ST(0) = (strEQ(name, "crlf")
269 		 || strEQ(name, "raw")) ? &PL_sv_yes : &PL_sv_undef;
270 	XSRETURN(1);
271     }
272 }
273 
274 
275 void
276 Perl_boot_core_PerlIO(pTHX)
277 {
278     newXS("PerlIO::Layer::find", XS_PerlIO__Layer__find, __FILE__);
279 }
280 
281 #endif
282 
283 
284 #ifdef PERLIO_IS_STDIO
285 
286 void
287 PerlIO_init(pTHX)
288 {
289     /*
290      * Does nothing (yet) except force this file to be included in perl
291      * binary. That allows this file to force inclusion of other functions
292      * that may be required by loadable extensions e.g. for
293      * FileHandle::tmpfile
294      */
295 }
296 
297 #undef PerlIO_tmpfile
298 PerlIO *
299 PerlIO_tmpfile(void)
300 {
301     return tmpfile();
302 }
303 
304 #else                           /* PERLIO_IS_STDIO */
305 
306 #ifdef USE_SFIO
307 
308 #undef HAS_FSETPOS
309 #undef HAS_FGETPOS
310 
311 /*
312  * This section is just to make sure these functions get pulled in from
313  * libsfio.a
314  */
315 
316 #undef PerlIO_tmpfile
317 PerlIO *
318 PerlIO_tmpfile(void)
319 {
320     return sftmp(0);
321 }
322 
323 void
324 PerlIO_init(pTHX)
325 {
326     /*
327      * Force this file to be included in perl binary. Which allows this
328      * file to force inclusion of other functions that may be required by
329      * loadable extensions e.g. for FileHandle::tmpfile
330      */
331 
332     /*
333      * Hack sfio does its own 'autoflush' on stdout in common cases. Flush
334      * results in a lot of lseek()s to regular files and lot of small
335      * writes to pipes.
336      */
337     sfset(sfstdout, SF_SHARE, 0);
338 }
339 
340 /* This is not the reverse of PerlIO_exportFILE(), PerlIO_releaseFILE() is. */
341 PerlIO *
342 PerlIO_importFILE(FILE *stdio, const char *mode)
343 {
344     int fd = fileno(stdio);
345     if (!mode || !*mode) {
346 	mode = "r+";
347     }
348     return PerlIO_fdopen(fd, mode);
349 }
350 
351 FILE *
352 PerlIO_findFILE(PerlIO *pio)
353 {
354     int fd = PerlIO_fileno(pio);
355     FILE *f = fdopen(fd, "r+");
356     PerlIO_flush(pio);
357     if (!f && errno == EINVAL)
358 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
359     if (!f && errno == EINVAL)
360 	f = fdopen(fd, "r");
361     return f;
362 }
363 
364 
365 #else                           /* USE_SFIO */
366 /*======================================================================================*/
367 /*
368  * Implement all the PerlIO interface ourselves.
369  */
370 
371 #include "perliol.h"
372 
373 /*
374  * We _MUST_ have <unistd.h> if we are using lseek() and may have large
375  * files
376  */
377 #ifdef I_UNISTD
378 #include <unistd.h>
379 #endif
380 #ifdef HAS_MMAP
381 #include <sys/mman.h>
382 #endif
383 
384 
385 void PerlIO_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
386     __attribute__ ((format(__printf__, 1, 2)));
387 
388 void
389 PerlIO_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
390 {
391     static int dbg = 0;
392     va_list ap;
393     dSYS;
394     va_start(ap, fmt);
395     if (!dbg) {
396 	char *s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERLIO_DEBUG");
397 	if (s && *s)
398 	    dbg = PerlLIO_open3(s, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0666);
399 	else
400 	    dbg = -1;
401     }
402     if (dbg > 0) {
403 	dTHX;
404 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
405 	/* Use fixed buffer as sv_catpvf etc. needs SVs */
406 	char buffer[1024];
407 	char *s;
408 	STRLEN len;
409 	s = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
410 	if (!s)
411 	    s = "(none)";
412 	sprintf(buffer, "%s:%" IVdf " ", s, (IV) CopLINE(PL_curcop));
413 	len = strlen(buffer);
414 	vsprintf(buffer+len, fmt, ap);
415 	PerlLIO_write(dbg, buffer, strlen(buffer));
416 #else
417 	SV *sv = newSVpvn("", 0);
418 	char *s;
419 	STRLEN len;
420 	s = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
421 	if (!s)
422 	    s = "(none)";
423 	Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s:%" IVdf " ", s,
424 		       (IV) CopLINE(PL_curcop));
425 	Perl_sv_vcatpvf(aTHX_ sv, fmt, &ap);
426 
427 	s = SvPV(sv, len);
428 	PerlLIO_write(dbg, s, len);
429 	SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
430 #endif
431     }
432     va_end(ap);
433 }
434 
435 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
436 
437 /*
438  * Inner level routines
439  */
440 
441 /*
442  * Table of pointers to the PerlIO structs (malloc'ed)
443  */
444 #define PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE 64
445 
446 PerlIO *
447 PerlIO_allocate(pTHX)
448 {
449     /*
450      * Find a free slot in the table, allocating new table as necessary
451      */
452     PerlIO **last;
453     PerlIO *f;
454     last = &PL_perlio;
455     while ((f = *last)) {
456 	int i;
457 	last = (PerlIO **) (f);
458 	for (i = 1; i < PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
459 	    if (!*++f) {
460 		return f;
461 	    }
462 	}
463     }
464     Newz('I',f,PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE,PerlIO);
465     if (!f) {
466 	return NULL;
467     }
468     *last = f;
469     return f + 1;
470 }
471 
472 #undef PerlIO_fdupopen
473 PerlIO *
474 PerlIO_fdupopen(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags)
475 {
476     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
477 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(f)->tab;
478 	PerlIO *new;
479 	PerlIO_debug("fdupopen f=%p param=%p\n",(void*)f,(void*)param);
480 	new = (*tab->Dup)(aTHX_ PerlIO_allocate(aTHX),f,param, flags);
481 	return new;
482     }
483     else {
484 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
485 	return NULL;
486     }
487 }
488 
489 void
490 PerlIO_cleantable(pTHX_ PerlIO **tablep)
491 {
492     PerlIO *table = *tablep;
493     if (table) {
494 	int i;
495 	PerlIO_cleantable(aTHX_(PerlIO **) & (table[0]));
496 	for (i = PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE - 1; i > 0; i--) {
497 	    PerlIO *f = table + i;
498 	    if (*f) {
499 		PerlIO_close(f);
500 	    }
501 	}
502 	Safefree(table);
503 	*tablep = NULL;
504     }
505 }
506 
507 
508 PerlIO_list_t *
509 PerlIO_list_alloc(pTHX)
510 {
511     PerlIO_list_t *list;
512     Newz('L', list, 1, PerlIO_list_t);
513     list->refcnt = 1;
514     return list;
515 }
516 
517 void
518 PerlIO_list_free(pTHX_ PerlIO_list_t *list)
519 {
520     if (list) {
521 	if (--list->refcnt == 0) {
522 	    if (list->array) {
523 		IV i;
524 		for (i = 0; i < list->cur; i++) {
525 		    if (list->array[i].arg)
526 			SvREFCNT_dec(list->array[i].arg);
527 		}
528 		Safefree(list->array);
529 	    }
530 	    Safefree(list);
531 	}
532     }
533 }
534 
535 void
536 PerlIO_list_push(pTHX_ PerlIO_list_t *list, PerlIO_funcs *funcs, SV *arg)
537 {
538     PerlIO_pair_t *p;
539     if (list->cur >= list->len) {
540 	list->len += 8;
541 	if (list->array)
542 	    Renew(list->array, list->len, PerlIO_pair_t);
543 	else
544 	    New('l', list->array, list->len, PerlIO_pair_t);
545     }
546     p = &(list->array[list->cur++]);
547     p->funcs = funcs;
548     if ((p->arg = arg)) {
549 	SvREFCNT_inc(arg);
550     }
551 }
552 
553 PerlIO_list_t *
554 PerlIO_clone_list(pTHX_ PerlIO_list_t *proto, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
555 {
556     PerlIO_list_t *list = (PerlIO_list_t *) NULL;
557     if (proto) {
558 	int i;
559 	list = PerlIO_list_alloc(aTHX);
560 	for (i=0; i < proto->cur; i++) {
561 	    SV *arg = Nullsv;
562 	    if (proto->array[i].arg)
563 		arg = PerlIO_sv_dup(aTHX_ proto->array[i].arg,param);
564 	    PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ list, proto->array[i].funcs, arg);
565 	}
566     }
567     return list;
568 }
569 
570 void
571 PerlIO_clone(pTHX_ PerlInterpreter *proto, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
572 {
573 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
574     PerlIO **table = &proto->Iperlio;
575     PerlIO *f;
576     PL_perlio = NULL;
577     PL_known_layers = PerlIO_clone_list(aTHX_ proto->Iknown_layers, param);
578     PL_def_layerlist = PerlIO_clone_list(aTHX_ proto->Idef_layerlist, param);
579     PerlIO_allocate(aTHX); /* root slot is never used */
580     PerlIO_debug("Clone %p from %p\n",aTHX,proto);
581     while ((f = *table)) {
582 	    int i;
583 	    table = (PerlIO **) (f++);
584 	    for (i = 1; i < PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
585 		if (*f) {
586 		    (void) fp_dup(f, 0, param);
587 		}
588 		f++;
589 	    }
590 	}
591 #endif
592 }
593 
594 void
595 PerlIO_destruct(pTHX)
596 {
597     PerlIO **table = &PL_perlio;
598     PerlIO *f;
599 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
600     PerlIO_debug("Destruct %p\n",aTHX);
601 #endif
602     while ((f = *table)) {
603 	int i;
604 	table = (PerlIO **) (f++);
605 	for (i = 1; i < PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
606 	    PerlIO *x = f;
607 	    PerlIOl *l;
608 	    while ((l = *x)) {
609 		if (l->tab->kind & PERLIO_K_DESTRUCT) {
610 		    PerlIO_debug("Destruct popping %s\n", l->tab->name);
611 		    PerlIO_flush(x);
612 		    PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ x);
613 		}
614 		else {
615 		    x = PerlIONext(x);
616 		}
617 	    }
618 	    f++;
619 	}
620     }
621 }
622 
623 void
624 PerlIO_pop(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
625 {
626     PerlIOl *l = *f;
627     if (l) {
628 	PerlIO_debug("PerlIO_pop f=%p %s\n", (void*)f, l->tab->name);
629 	if (l->tab->Popped) {
630 	    /*
631 	     * If popped returns non-zero do not free its layer structure
632 	     * it has either done so itself, or it is shared and still in
633 	     * use
634 	     */
635 	    if ((*l->tab->Popped) (aTHX_ f) != 0)
636 		return;
637 	}
638 	*f = l->next;
639 	Safefree(l);
640     }
641 }
642 
643 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
644 /*
645  * XS Interface for perl code
646  */
647 
648 PerlIO_funcs *
649 PerlIO_find_layer(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, int load)
650 {
651     IV i;
652     if ((SSize_t) len <= 0)
653 	len = strlen(name);
654     for (i = 0; i < PL_known_layers->cur; i++) {
655 	PerlIO_funcs *f = PL_known_layers->array[i].funcs;
656 	if (memEQ(f->name, name, len)) {
657 	    PerlIO_debug("%.*s => %p\n", (int) len, name, (void*)f);
658 	    return f;
659 	}
660     }
661     if (load && PL_subname && PL_def_layerlist
662 	&& PL_def_layerlist->cur >= 2) {
663 	SV *pkgsv = newSVpvn("PerlIO", 6);
664 	SV *layer = newSVpvn(name, len);
665 	ENTER;
666 	/*
667 	 * The two SVs are magically freed by load_module
668 	 */
669 	Perl_load_module(aTHX_ 0, pkgsv, Nullsv, layer, Nullsv);
670 	LEAVE;
671 	return PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ name, len, 0);
672     }
673     PerlIO_debug("Cannot find %.*s\n", (int) len, name);
674     return NULL;
675 }
676 
677 #ifdef USE_ATTRIBUTES_FOR_PERLIO
678 
679 static int
680 perlio_mg_set(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
681 {
682     if (SvROK(sv)) {
683 	IO *io = GvIOn((GV *) SvRV(sv));
684 	PerlIO *ifp = IoIFP(io);
685 	PerlIO *ofp = IoOFP(io);
686 	Perl_warn(aTHX_ "set %" SVf " %p %p %p", sv, io, ifp, ofp);
687     }
688     return 0;
689 }
690 
691 static int
692 perlio_mg_get(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
693 {
694     if (SvROK(sv)) {
695 	IO *io = GvIOn((GV *) SvRV(sv));
696 	PerlIO *ifp = IoIFP(io);
697 	PerlIO *ofp = IoOFP(io);
698 	Perl_warn(aTHX_ "get %" SVf " %p %p %p", sv, io, ifp, ofp);
699     }
700     return 0;
701 }
702 
703 static int
704 perlio_mg_clear(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
705 {
706     Perl_warn(aTHX_ "clear %" SVf, sv);
707     return 0;
708 }
709 
710 static int
711 perlio_mg_free(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
712 {
713     Perl_warn(aTHX_ "free %" SVf, sv);
714     return 0;
715 }
716 
717 MGVTBL perlio_vtab = {
718     perlio_mg_get,
719     perlio_mg_set,
720     NULL,                       /* len */
721     perlio_mg_clear,
722     perlio_mg_free
723 };
724 
725 XS(XS_io_MODIFY_SCALAR_ATTRIBUTES)
726 {
727     dXSARGS;
728     SV *sv = SvRV(ST(1));
729     AV *av = newAV();
730     MAGIC *mg;
731     int count = 0;
732     int i;
733     sv_magic(sv, (SV *) av, PERL_MAGIC_ext, NULL, 0);
734     SvRMAGICAL_off(sv);
735     mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_ext);
736     mg->mg_virtual = &perlio_vtab;
737     mg_magical(sv);
738     Perl_warn(aTHX_ "attrib %" SVf, sv);
739     for (i = 2; i < items; i++) {
740 	STRLEN len;
741 	const char *name = SvPV(ST(i), len);
742 	SV *layer = PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ name, len, 1);
743 	if (layer) {
744 	    av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc(layer));
745 	}
746 	else {
747 	    ST(count) = ST(i);
748 	    count++;
749 	}
750     }
751     SvREFCNT_dec(av);
752     XSRETURN(count);
753 }
754 
755 #endif                          /* USE_ATTIBUTES_FOR_PERLIO */
756 
757 SV *
758 PerlIO_tab_sv(pTHX_ PerlIO_funcs *tab)
759 {
760     HV *stash = gv_stashpv("PerlIO::Layer", TRUE);
761     SV *sv = sv_bless(newRV_noinc(newSViv(PTR2IV(tab))), stash);
762     return sv;
763 }
764 
765 XS(XS_PerlIO__Layer__find)
766 {
767     dXSARGS;
768     if (items < 2)
769 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage class->find(name[,load])");
770     else {
771 	STRLEN len = 0;
772 	char *name = SvPV(ST(1), len);
773 	bool load = (items > 2) ? SvTRUE(ST(2)) : 0;
774 	PerlIO_funcs *layer = PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ name, len, load);
775 	ST(0) =
776 	    (layer) ? sv_2mortal(PerlIO_tab_sv(aTHX_ layer)) :
777 	    &PL_sv_undef;
778 	XSRETURN(1);
779     }
780 }
781 
782 void
783 PerlIO_define_layer(pTHX_ PerlIO_funcs *tab)
784 {
785     if (!PL_known_layers)
786 	PL_known_layers = PerlIO_list_alloc(aTHX);
787     PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ PL_known_layers, tab, Nullsv);
788     PerlIO_debug("define %s %p\n", tab->name, (void*)tab);
789 }
790 
791 int
792 PerlIO_parse_layers(pTHX_ PerlIO_list_t *av, const char *names)
793 {
794     if (names) {
795 	const char *s = names;
796 	while (*s) {
797 	    while (isSPACE(*s) || *s == ':')
798 		s++;
799 	    if (*s) {
800 		STRLEN llen = 0;
801 		const char *e = s;
802 		const char *as = Nullch;
803 		STRLEN alen = 0;
804 		if (!isIDFIRST(*s)) {
805 		    /*
806 		     * Message is consistent with how attribute lists are
807 		     * passed. Even though this means "foo : : bar" is
808 		     * seen as an invalid separator character.
809 		     */
810 		    char q = ((*s == '\'') ? '"' : '\'');
811 		    if (ckWARN(WARN_LAYER))
812 			Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LAYER),
813 			      "perlio: invalid separator character %c%c%c in layer specification list %s",
814 			      q, *s, q, s);
815 		    SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB$_INVARG);
816 		    return -1;
817 		}
818 		do {
819 		    e++;
820 		} while (isALNUM(*e));
821 		llen = e - s;
822 		if (*e == '(') {
823 		    int nesting = 1;
824 		    as = ++e;
825 		    while (nesting) {
826 			switch (*e++) {
827 			case ')':
828 			    if (--nesting == 0)
829 				alen = (e - 1) - as;
830 			    break;
831 			case '(':
832 			    ++nesting;
833 			    break;
834 			case '\\':
835 			    /*
836 			     * It's a nul terminated string, not allowed
837 			     * to \ the terminating null. Anything other
838 			     * character is passed over.
839 			     */
840 			    if (*e++) {
841 				break;
842 			    }
843 			    /*
844 			     * Drop through
845 			     */
846 			case '\0':
847 			    e--;
848 			    if (ckWARN(WARN_LAYER))
849 				Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LAYER),
850 				      "perlio: argument list not closed for layer \"%.*s\"",
851 				      (int) (e - s), s);
852 			    return -1;
853 			default:
854 			    /*
855 			     * boring.
856 			     */
857 			    break;
858 			}
859 		    }
860 		}
861 		if (e > s) {
862 		    bool warn_layer = ckWARN(WARN_LAYER);
863 		    PerlIO_funcs *layer =
864 			PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ s, llen, 1);
865 		    if (layer) {
866 			PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ av, layer,
867 					 (as) ? newSVpvn(as,
868 							 alen) :
869 					 &PL_sv_undef);
870 		    }
871 		    else {
872 			if (warn_layer)
873 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LAYER), "perlio: unknown layer \"%.*s\"",
874 				  (int) llen, s);
875 			return -1;
876 		    }
877 		}
878 		s = e;
879 	    }
880 	}
881     }
882     return 0;
883 }
884 
885 void
886 PerlIO_default_buffer(pTHX_ PerlIO_list_t *av)
887 {
888     PerlIO_funcs *tab = &PerlIO_perlio;
889 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
890     tab = &PerlIO_crlf;
891 #else
892     if (PerlIO_stdio.Set_ptrcnt)
893 	tab = &PerlIO_stdio;
894 #endif
895     PerlIO_debug("Pushing %s\n", tab->name);
896     PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ av, PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ tab->name, 0, 0),
897 		     &PL_sv_undef);
898 }
899 
900 SV *
901 PerlIO_arg_fetch(PerlIO_list_t *av, IV n)
902 {
903     return av->array[n].arg;
904 }
905 
906 PerlIO_funcs *
907 PerlIO_layer_fetch(pTHX_ PerlIO_list_t *av, IV n, PerlIO_funcs *def)
908 {
909     if (n >= 0 && n < av->cur) {
910 	PerlIO_debug("Layer %" IVdf " is %s\n", n,
911 		     av->array[n].funcs->name);
912 	return av->array[n].funcs;
913     }
914     if (!def)
915 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: PerlIO layer array corrupt");
916     return def;
917 }
918 
919 IV
920 PerlIOPop_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
921 {
922     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
923 	PerlIO_flush(f);
924 	PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ f);
925 	return 0;
926     }
927     return -1;
928 }
929 
930 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_remove = {
931     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
932     "pop",
933     0,
934     PERLIO_K_DUMMY | PERLIO_K_UTF8,
935     PerlIOPop_pushed,
936     NULL,
937     NULL,
938     NULL,
939     NULL,
940     NULL,
941     NULL,
942     NULL,
943     NULL,
944     NULL,
945     NULL,
946     NULL,                       /* flush */
947     NULL,                       /* fill */
948     NULL,
949     NULL,
950     NULL,
951     NULL,
952     NULL,                       /* get_base */
953     NULL,                       /* get_bufsiz */
954     NULL,                       /* get_ptr */
955     NULL,                       /* get_cnt */
956     NULL,                       /* set_ptrcnt */
957 };
958 
959 PerlIO_list_t *
960 PerlIO_default_layers(pTHX)
961 {
962     if (!PL_def_layerlist) {
963 	const char *s = (PL_tainting) ? Nullch : PerlEnv_getenv("PERLIO");
964 	PerlIO_funcs *osLayer = &PerlIO_unix;
965 	PL_def_layerlist = PerlIO_list_alloc(aTHX);
966 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_unix);
967 #if defined(WIN32) && !defined(UNDER_CE)
968 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_win32);
969 #if 0
970 	osLayer = &PerlIO_win32;
971 #endif
972 #endif
973 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_raw);
974 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_perlio);
975 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_stdio);
976 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_crlf);
977 #ifdef HAS_MMAP
978 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_mmap);
979 #endif
980 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_utf8);
981 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_remove);
982 	PerlIO_define_layer(aTHX_ & PerlIO_byte);
983 	PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ PL_def_layerlist,
984 			 PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ osLayer->name, 0, 0),
985 			 &PL_sv_undef);
986 	if (s) {
987 	    PerlIO_parse_layers(aTHX_ PL_def_layerlist, s);
988 	}
989 	else {
990 	    PerlIO_default_buffer(aTHX_ PL_def_layerlist);
991 	}
992     }
993     if (PL_def_layerlist->cur < 2) {
994 	PerlIO_default_buffer(aTHX_ PL_def_layerlist);
995     }
996     return PL_def_layerlist;
997 }
998 
999 void
1000 Perl_boot_core_PerlIO(pTHX)
1001 {
1002 #ifdef USE_ATTRIBUTES_FOR_PERLIO
1003     newXS("io::MODIFY_SCALAR_ATTRIBUTES", XS_io_MODIFY_SCALAR_ATTRIBUTES,
1004 	  __FILE__);
1005 #endif
1006     newXS("PerlIO::Layer::find", XS_PerlIO__Layer__find, __FILE__);
1007 }
1008 
1009 PerlIO_funcs *
1010 PerlIO_default_layer(pTHX_ I32 n)
1011 {
1012     PerlIO_list_t *av = PerlIO_default_layers(aTHX);
1013     if (n < 0)
1014 	n += av->cur;
1015     return PerlIO_layer_fetch(aTHX_ av, n, &PerlIO_stdio);
1016 }
1017 
1018 #define PerlIO_default_top() PerlIO_default_layer(aTHX_ -1)
1019 #define PerlIO_default_btm() PerlIO_default_layer(aTHX_ 0)
1020 
1021 void
1022 PerlIO_stdstreams(pTHX)
1023 {
1024     if (!PL_perlio) {
1025 	PerlIO_allocate(aTHX);
1026 	PerlIO_fdopen(0, "Ir" PERLIO_STDTEXT);
1027 	PerlIO_fdopen(1, "Iw" PERLIO_STDTEXT);
1028 	PerlIO_fdopen(2, "Iw" PERLIO_STDTEXT);
1029     }
1030 }
1031 
1032 PerlIO *
1033 PerlIO_push(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO_funcs *tab, const char *mode, SV *arg)
1034 {
1035     if (tab->fsize != sizeof(PerlIO_funcs)) {
1036       mismatch:
1037 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Layer does not match this perl");
1038     }
1039     if (tab->size) {
1040 	PerlIOl *l = NULL;
1041 	if (tab->size < sizeof(PerlIOl)) {
1042 	    goto mismatch;
1043 	}
1044 	/* Real layer with a data area */
1045 	Newc('L',l,tab->size,char,PerlIOl);
1046 	if (l && f) {
1047 	    Zero(l, tab->size, char);
1048 	    l->next = *f;
1049 	    l->tab = tab;
1050 	    *f = l;
1051 	    PerlIO_debug("PerlIO_push f=%p %s %s %p\n", (void*)f, tab->name,
1052 			(mode) ? mode : "(Null)", (void*)arg);
1053 	    if ((*l->tab->Pushed) (aTHX_ f, mode, arg, tab) != 0) {
1054 		PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ f);
1055 		return NULL;
1056 	    }
1057 	}
1058     }
1059     else if (f) {
1060 	/* Pseudo-layer where push does its own stack adjust */
1061 	PerlIO_debug("PerlIO_push f=%p %s %s %p\n", (void*)f, tab->name,
1062 		     (mode) ? mode : "(Null)", (void*)arg);
1063 	if ((*tab->Pushed) (aTHX_ f, mode, arg, tab) != 0) {
1064 	    return NULL;
1065 	}
1066     }
1067     return f;
1068 }
1069 
1070 IV
1071 PerlIOBase_binmode(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1072 {
1073    if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1074 	/* Is layer suitable for raw stream ? */
1075 	if (PerlIOBase(f)->tab->kind & PERLIO_K_RAW) {
1076 	    /* Yes - turn off UTF-8-ness, to undo UTF-8 locale effects */
1077 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_UTF8;
1078 	}
1079 	else {
1080 	    /* Not suitable - pop it */
1081 	    PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ f);
1082 	}
1083 	return 0;
1084    }
1085    return -1;
1086 }
1087 
1088 IV
1089 PerlIORaw_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
1090 {
1091 
1092     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1093 	PerlIO *t;
1094 	PerlIOl *l;
1095 	PerlIO_flush(f);
1096 	/*
1097 	 * Strip all layers that are not suitable for a raw stream
1098 	 */
1099 	t = f;
1100 	while (t && (l = *t)) {
1101 	    if (l->tab->Binmode) {
1102 		/* Has a handler - normal case */
1103 		if ((*l->tab->Binmode)(aTHX_ f) == 0) {
1104 		    if (*t == l) {
1105 			/* Layer still there - move down a layer */
1106 			t = PerlIONext(t);
1107 		    }
1108 		}
1109 		else {
1110 		    return -1;
1111 		}
1112 	    }
1113 	    else {
1114 		/* No handler - pop it */
1115 		PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ t);
1116 	    }
1117 	}
1118 	if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1119 	    PerlIO_debug(":raw f=%p :%s\n", (void*)f, PerlIOBase(f)->tab->name);
1120 	    return 0;
1121 	}
1122     }
1123     return -1;
1124 }
1125 
1126 int
1127 PerlIO_apply_layera(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode,
1128 		    PerlIO_list_t *layers, IV n, IV max)
1129 {
1130     int code = 0;
1131     while (n < max) {
1132 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIO_layer_fetch(aTHX_ layers, n, NULL);
1133 	if (tab) {
1134 	    if (!PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, tab, mode, PerlIOArg)) {
1135 		code = -1;
1136 		break;
1137 	    }
1138 	}
1139 	n++;
1140     }
1141     return code;
1142 }
1143 
1144 int
1145 PerlIO_apply_layers(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, const char *names)
1146 {
1147     int code = 0;
1148     if (f && names) {
1149 	PerlIO_list_t *layers = PerlIO_list_alloc(aTHX);
1150 	code = PerlIO_parse_layers(aTHX_ layers, names);
1151 	if (code == 0) {
1152 	    code = PerlIO_apply_layera(aTHX_ f, mode, layers, 0, layers->cur);
1153 	}
1154 	PerlIO_list_free(aTHX_ layers);
1155     }
1156     return code;
1157 }
1158 
1159 
1160 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
1161 /*
1162  * Given the abstraction above the public API functions
1163  */
1164 
1165 int
1166 PerlIO_binmode(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, int iotype, int mode, const char *names)
1167 {
1168     PerlIO_debug("PerlIO_binmode f=%p %s %c %x %s\n",
1169 		 (void*)f, PerlIOBase(f)->tab->name, iotype, mode,
1170 		 (names) ? names : "(Null)");
1171     if (names) {
1172 	/* Do not flush etc. if (e.g.) switching encodings.
1173 	   if a pushed layer knows it needs to flush lower layers
1174 	   (for example :unix which is never going to call them)
1175 	   it can do the flush when it is pushed.
1176 	 */
1177 	return PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ f, NULL, names) == 0 ? TRUE : FALSE;
1178     }
1179     else {
1180 	/* Fake 5.6 legacy of using this call to turn ON O_TEXT */
1181 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
1182 	/* Legacy binmode only has meaning if O_TEXT has a value distinct from
1183 	   O_BINARY so we can look for it in mode.
1184 	 */
1185 	if (!(mode & O_BINARY)) {
1186 	    /* Text mode */
1187 	    /* FIXME?: Looking down the layer stack seems wrong,
1188 	       but is a way of reaching past (say) an encoding layer
1189 	       to flip CRLF-ness of the layer(s) below
1190 	     */
1191 	    while (*f) {
1192 		/* Perhaps we should turn on bottom-most aware layer
1193 		   e.g. Ilya's idea that UNIX TTY could serve
1194 		 */
1195 		if (PerlIOBase(f)->tab->kind & PERLIO_K_CANCRLF) {
1196 		    if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CRLF)) {
1197 			/* Not in text mode - flush any pending stuff and flip it */
1198 			PerlIO_flush(f);
1199 			PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_CRLF;
1200 		    }
1201 		    /* Only need to turn it on in one layer so we are done */
1202 		    return TRUE;
1203 		}
1204 		f = PerlIONext(f);
1205 	    }
1206 	    /* Not finding a CRLF aware layer presumably means we are binary
1207 	       which is not what was requested - so we failed
1208 	       We _could_ push :crlf layer but so could caller
1209 	     */
1210 	    return FALSE;
1211 	}
1212 #endif
1213 	/* Legacy binmode is now _defined_ as being equivalent to pushing :raw
1214 	   So code that used to be here is now in PerlIORaw_pushed().
1215 	 */
1216 	return PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, &PerlIO_raw, Nullch, Nullsv) ? TRUE : FALSE;
1217     }
1218 }
1219 
1220 int
1221 PerlIO__close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1222 {
1223     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1224 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Close) (aTHX_ f);
1225     else {
1226 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1227 	return -1;
1228     }
1229 }
1230 
1231 int
1232 Perl_PerlIO_close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1233 {
1234     int code = -1;
1235     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1236 	code = (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Close) (aTHX_ f);
1237 	while (*f) {
1238 	    PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ f);
1239 	}
1240     }
1241     return code;
1242 }
1243 
1244 int
1245 Perl_PerlIO_fileno(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1246 {
1247     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1248 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Fileno) (aTHX_ f);
1249     else {
1250 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1251 	return -1;
1252     }
1253 }
1254 
1255 static const char *
1256 PerlIO_context_layers(pTHX_ const char *mode)
1257 {
1258     const char *type = NULL;
1259     /*
1260      * Need to supply default layer info from open.pm
1261      */
1262     if (PL_curcop) {
1263 	SV *layers = PL_curcop->cop_io;
1264 	if (layers) {
1265 	    STRLEN len;
1266 	    type = SvPV(layers, len);
1267 	    if (type && mode[0] != 'r') {
1268 		/*
1269 		 * Skip to write part
1270 		 */
1271 		const char *s = strchr(type, 0);
1272 		if (s && (STRLEN)(s - type) < len) {
1273 		    type = s + 1;
1274 		}
1275 	    }
1276 	}
1277     }
1278     return type;
1279 }
1280 
1281 static PerlIO_funcs *
1282 PerlIO_layer_from_ref(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1283 {
1284     /*
1285      * For any scalar type load the handler which is bundled with perl
1286      */
1287     if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVAV)
1288 	return PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ "scalar", 6, 1);
1289 
1290     /*
1291      * For other types allow if layer is known but don't try and load it
1292      */
1293     switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1294     case SVt_PVAV:
1295 	return PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ "Array", 5, 0);
1296     case SVt_PVHV:
1297 	return PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ "Hash", 4, 0);
1298     case SVt_PVCV:
1299 	return PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ "Code", 4, 0);
1300     case SVt_PVGV:
1301 	return PerlIO_find_layer(aTHX_ "Glob", 4, 0);
1302     }
1303     return NULL;
1304 }
1305 
1306 PerlIO_list_t *
1307 PerlIO_resolve_layers(pTHX_ const char *layers,
1308 		      const char *mode, int narg, SV **args)
1309 {
1310     PerlIO_list_t *def = PerlIO_default_layers(aTHX);
1311     int incdef = 1;
1312     if (!PL_perlio)
1313 	PerlIO_stdstreams(aTHX);
1314     if (narg) {
1315 	SV *arg = *args;
1316 	/*
1317 	 * If it is a reference but not an object see if we have a handler
1318 	 * for it
1319 	 */
1320 	if (SvROK(arg) && !sv_isobject(arg)) {
1321 	    PerlIO_funcs *handler = PerlIO_layer_from_ref(aTHX_ SvRV(arg));
1322 	    if (handler) {
1323 		def = PerlIO_list_alloc(aTHX);
1324 		PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ def, handler, &PL_sv_undef);
1325 		incdef = 0;
1326 	    }
1327 	    /*
1328 	     * Don't fail if handler cannot be found :via(...) etc. may do
1329 	     * something sensible else we will just stringfy and open
1330 	     * resulting string.
1331 	     */
1332 	}
1333     }
1334     if (!layers)
1335 	layers = PerlIO_context_layers(aTHX_ mode);
1336     if (layers && *layers) {
1337 	PerlIO_list_t *av;
1338 	if (incdef) {
1339 	    IV i = def->cur;
1340 	    av = PerlIO_list_alloc(aTHX);
1341 	    for (i = 0; i < def->cur; i++) {
1342 		PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ av, def->array[i].funcs,
1343 				 def->array[i].arg);
1344 	    }
1345 	}
1346 	else {
1347 	    av = def;
1348 	}
1349 	if (PerlIO_parse_layers(aTHX_ av, layers) == 0) {
1350 	     return av;
1351 	}
1352 	else {
1353 	    PerlIO_list_free(aTHX_ av);
1354 	    return (PerlIO_list_t *) NULL;
1355 	}
1356     }
1357     else {
1358 	if (incdef)
1359 	    def->refcnt++;
1360 	return def;
1361     }
1362 }
1363 
1364 PerlIO *
1365 PerlIO_openn(pTHX_ const char *layers, const char *mode, int fd,
1366 	     int imode, int perm, PerlIO *f, int narg, SV **args)
1367 {
1368     if (!f && narg == 1 && *args == &PL_sv_undef) {
1369 	if ((f = PerlIO_tmpfile())) {
1370 	    if (!layers)
1371 		layers = PerlIO_context_layers(aTHX_ mode);
1372 	    if (layers && *layers)
1373 		PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ f, mode, layers);
1374 	}
1375     }
1376     else {
1377 	PerlIO_list_t *layera = NULL;
1378 	IV n;
1379 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = NULL;
1380 	if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1381 	    /*
1382 	     * This is "reopen" - it is not tested as perl does not use it
1383 	     * yet
1384 	     */
1385 	    PerlIOl *l = *f;
1386 	    layera = PerlIO_list_alloc(aTHX);
1387 	    while (l) {
1388 		SV *arg = (l->tab->Getarg)
1389 			? (*l->tab->Getarg) (aTHX_ &l, NULL, 0)
1390 			: &PL_sv_undef;
1391 		PerlIO_list_push(aTHX_ layera, l->tab, arg);
1392 		l = *PerlIONext(&l);
1393 	    }
1394 	}
1395 	else {
1396 	    layera = PerlIO_resolve_layers(aTHX_ layers, mode, narg, args);
1397 	    if (!layera) {
1398 		return NULL;
1399 	    }
1400 	}
1401 	/*
1402 	 * Start at "top" of layer stack
1403 	 */
1404 	n = layera->cur - 1;
1405 	while (n >= 0) {
1406 	    PerlIO_funcs *t = PerlIO_layer_fetch(aTHX_ layera, n, NULL);
1407 	    if (t && t->Open) {
1408 		tab = t;
1409 		break;
1410 	    }
1411 	    n--;
1412 	}
1413 	if (tab) {
1414 	    /*
1415 	     * Found that layer 'n' can do opens - call it
1416 	     */
1417 	    if (narg > 1 && !(tab->kind & PERLIO_K_MULTIARG)) {
1418 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to open(,':%s')",tab->name);
1419 	    }
1420 	    PerlIO_debug("openn(%s,'%s','%s',%d,%x,%o,%p,%d,%p)\n",
1421 			 tab->name, layers, mode, fd, imode, perm,
1422 			 (void*)f, narg, (void*)args);
1423 	    f = (*tab->Open) (aTHX_ tab, layera, n, mode, fd, imode, perm,
1424 			      f, narg, args);
1425 	    if (f) {
1426 		if (n + 1 < layera->cur) {
1427 		    /*
1428 		     * More layers above the one that we used to open -
1429 		     * apply them now
1430 		     */
1431 		    if (PerlIO_apply_layera(aTHX_ f, mode, layera, n + 1, layera->cur) != 0) {
1432 			/* If pushing layers fails close the file */
1433 			PerlIO_close(f);
1434 			f = NULL;
1435 		    }
1436 		}
1437 	    }
1438 	}
1439 	PerlIO_list_free(aTHX_ layera);
1440     }
1441     return f;
1442 }
1443 
1444 
1445 SSize_t
1446 Perl_PerlIO_read(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count)
1447 {
1448     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1449 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Read) (aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
1450     else {
1451 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1452 	return -1;
1453     }
1454 }
1455 
1456 SSize_t
1457 Perl_PerlIO_unread(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
1458 {
1459     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1460 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Unread) (aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
1461     else {
1462 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1463 	return -1;
1464     }
1465 }
1466 
1467 SSize_t
1468 Perl_PerlIO_write(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
1469 {
1470     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1471 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Write) (aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
1472     else {
1473 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1474 	return -1;
1475     }
1476 }
1477 
1478 int
1479 Perl_PerlIO_seek(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence)
1480 {
1481     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1482 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Seek) (aTHX_ f, offset, whence);
1483     else {
1484 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1485 	return -1;
1486     }
1487 }
1488 
1489 Off_t
1490 Perl_PerlIO_tell(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1491 {
1492     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1493 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Tell) (aTHX_ f);
1494     else {
1495 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1496 	return -1;
1497     }
1498 }
1499 
1500 int
1501 Perl_PerlIO_flush(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1502 {
1503     if (f) {
1504 	if (*f) {
1505 	    PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(f)->tab;
1506 	    if (tab && tab->Flush) {
1507 		return (*tab->Flush) (aTHX_ f);
1508 	    }
1509 	    else {
1510 		PerlIO_debug("Cannot flush f=%p :%s\n", (void*)f, tab->name);
1511 		SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1512 		return -1;
1513 	    }
1514 	}
1515 	else {
1516 	    PerlIO_debug("Cannot flush f=%p\n", (void*)f);
1517 	    SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1518 	    return -1;
1519 	}
1520     }
1521     else {
1522 	/*
1523 	 * Is it good API design to do flush-all on NULL, a potentially
1524 	 * errorneous input? Maybe some magical value (PerlIO*
1525 	 * PERLIO_FLUSH_ALL = (PerlIO*)-1;)? Yes, stdio does similar
1526 	 * things on fflush(NULL), but should we be bound by their design
1527 	 * decisions? --jhi
1528 	 */
1529 	PerlIO **table = &PL_perlio;
1530 	int code = 0;
1531 	while ((f = *table)) {
1532 	    int i;
1533 	    table = (PerlIO **) (f++);
1534 	    for (i = 1; i < PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
1535 		if (*f && PerlIO_flush(f) != 0)
1536 		    code = -1;
1537 		f++;
1538 	    }
1539 	}
1540 	return code;
1541     }
1542 }
1543 
1544 void
1545 PerlIOBase_flush_linebuf(pTHX)
1546 {
1547     PerlIO **table = &PL_perlio;
1548     PerlIO *f;
1549     while ((f = *table)) {
1550 	int i;
1551 	table = (PerlIO **) (f++);
1552 	for (i = 1; i < PERLIO_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
1553 	    if (*f
1554 		&& (PerlIOBase(f)->
1555 		    flags & (PERLIO_F_LINEBUF | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE))
1556 		== (PERLIO_F_LINEBUF | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE))
1557 		PerlIO_flush(f);
1558 	    f++;
1559 	}
1560     }
1561 }
1562 
1563 int
1564 Perl_PerlIO_fill(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1565 {
1566     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1567 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Fill) (aTHX_ f);
1568     else {
1569 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1570 	return -1;
1571     }
1572 }
1573 
1574 int
1575 PerlIO_isutf8(PerlIO *f)
1576 {
1577     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1578 	return (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_UTF8) != 0;
1579     else {
1580 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1581 	return -1;
1582     }
1583 }
1584 
1585 int
1586 Perl_PerlIO_eof(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1587 {
1588     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1589 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Eof) (aTHX_ f);
1590     else {
1591 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1592 	return -1;
1593     }
1594 }
1595 
1596 int
1597 Perl_PerlIO_error(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1598 {
1599     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1600 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Error) (aTHX_ f);
1601     else {
1602 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1603 	return -1;
1604     }
1605 }
1606 
1607 void
1608 Perl_PerlIO_clearerr(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1609 {
1610     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1611 	(*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Clearerr) (aTHX_ f);
1612     else
1613 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1614 }
1615 
1616 void
1617 Perl_PerlIO_setlinebuf(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1618 {
1619     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1620 	(*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Setlinebuf) (aTHX_ f);
1621     else
1622 	SETERRNO(EBADF, SS$_IVCHAN);
1623 }
1624 
1625 int
1626 PerlIO_has_base(PerlIO *f)
1627 {
1628     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1629 	return (PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Get_base != NULL);
1630     }
1631     return 0;
1632 }
1633 
1634 int
1635 PerlIO_fast_gets(PerlIO *f)
1636 {
1637     if (PerlIOValid(f) && (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_FASTGETS)) {
1638 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(f)->tab;
1639 	return (tab->Set_ptrcnt != NULL);
1640     }
1641     return 0;
1642 }
1643 
1644 int
1645 PerlIO_has_cntptr(PerlIO *f)
1646 {
1647     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1648 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(f)->tab;
1649 	return (tab->Get_ptr != NULL && tab->Get_cnt != NULL);
1650     }
1651     return 0;
1652 }
1653 
1654 int
1655 PerlIO_canset_cnt(PerlIO *f)
1656 {
1657     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1658 	PerlIOl *l = PerlIOBase(f);
1659 	return (l->tab->Set_ptrcnt != NULL);
1660     }
1661     return 0;
1662 }
1663 
1664 STDCHAR *
1665 Perl_PerlIO_get_base(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1666 {
1667     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1668 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Get_base) (aTHX_ f);
1669     return NULL;
1670 }
1671 
1672 int
1673 Perl_PerlIO_get_bufsiz(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1674 {
1675     if (PerlIOValid(f))
1676 	return (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Get_bufsiz) (aTHX_ f);
1677     return 0;
1678 }
1679 
1680 STDCHAR *
1681 Perl_PerlIO_get_ptr(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1682 {
1683     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1684 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(f)->tab;
1685 	if (tab->Get_ptr == NULL)
1686 	    return NULL;
1687 	return (*tab->Get_ptr) (aTHX_ f);
1688     }
1689     return NULL;
1690 }
1691 
1692 int
1693 Perl_PerlIO_get_cnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1694 {
1695     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1696 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(f)->tab;
1697 	if (tab->Get_cnt == NULL)
1698 	   return 0;
1699 	return (*tab->Get_cnt) (aTHX_ f);
1700     }
1701     return 0;
1702 }
1703 
1704 void
1705 Perl_PerlIO_set_cnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, int cnt)
1706 {
1707     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1708 	(*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Set_ptrcnt) (aTHX_ f, NULL, cnt);
1709     }
1710 }
1711 
1712 void
1713 Perl_PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, STDCHAR * ptr, int cnt)
1714 {
1715     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1716 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(f)->tab;
1717 	if (tab->Set_ptrcnt == NULL) {
1718 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "PerlIO buffer snooping abuse");
1719 	}
1720 	(*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Set_ptrcnt) (aTHX_ f, ptr, cnt);
1721     }
1722 }
1723 
1724 
1725 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
1726 /*
1727  * utf8 and raw dummy layers
1728  */
1729 
1730 IV
1731 PerlIOUtf8_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
1732 {
1733     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1734 	if (tab->kind & PERLIO_K_UTF8)
1735 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_UTF8;
1736 	else
1737 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_UTF8;
1738 	return 0;
1739     }
1740     return -1;
1741 }
1742 
1743 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_utf8 = {
1744     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
1745     "utf8",
1746     0,
1747     PERLIO_K_DUMMY | PERLIO_K_UTF8,
1748     PerlIOUtf8_pushed,
1749     NULL,
1750     NULL,
1751     NULL,
1752     NULL,
1753     NULL,
1754     NULL,
1755     NULL,
1756     NULL,
1757     NULL,
1758     NULL,
1759     NULL,                       /* flush */
1760     NULL,                       /* fill */
1761     NULL,
1762     NULL,
1763     NULL,
1764     NULL,
1765     NULL,                       /* get_base */
1766     NULL,                       /* get_bufsiz */
1767     NULL,                       /* get_ptr */
1768     NULL,                       /* get_cnt */
1769     NULL,                       /* set_ptrcnt */
1770 };
1771 
1772 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_byte = {
1773     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
1774     "bytes",
1775     0,
1776     PERLIO_K_DUMMY,
1777     PerlIOUtf8_pushed,
1778     NULL,
1779     NULL,
1780     NULL,
1781     NULL,
1782     NULL,
1783     NULL,
1784     NULL,
1785     NULL,
1786     NULL,
1787     NULL,
1788     NULL,                       /* flush */
1789     NULL,                       /* fill */
1790     NULL,
1791     NULL,
1792     NULL,
1793     NULL,
1794     NULL,                       /* get_base */
1795     NULL,                       /* get_bufsiz */
1796     NULL,                       /* get_ptr */
1797     NULL,                       /* get_cnt */
1798     NULL,                       /* set_ptrcnt */
1799 };
1800 
1801 PerlIO *
1802 PerlIORaw_open(pTHX_ PerlIO_funcs *self, PerlIO_list_t *layers,
1803 	       IV n, const char *mode, int fd, int imode, int perm,
1804 	       PerlIO *old, int narg, SV **args)
1805 {
1806     PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIO_default_btm();
1807     return (*tab->Open) (aTHX_ tab, layers, n - 1, mode, fd, imode, perm,
1808 			 old, narg, args);
1809 }
1810 
1811 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_raw = {
1812     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
1813     "raw",
1814     0,
1815     PERLIO_K_DUMMY,
1816     PerlIORaw_pushed,
1817     PerlIOBase_popped,
1818     PerlIORaw_open,
1819     NULL,
1820     NULL,
1821     NULL,
1822     NULL,
1823     NULL,
1824     NULL,
1825     NULL,
1826     NULL,
1827     NULL,                       /* flush */
1828     NULL,                       /* fill */
1829     NULL,
1830     NULL,
1831     NULL,
1832     NULL,
1833     NULL,                       /* get_base */
1834     NULL,                       /* get_bufsiz */
1835     NULL,                       /* get_ptr */
1836     NULL,                       /* get_cnt */
1837     NULL,                       /* set_ptrcnt */
1838 };
1839 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
1840 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
1841 /*
1842  * "Methods" of the "base class"
1843  */
1844 
1845 IV
1846 PerlIOBase_fileno(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1847 {
1848     return PerlIOValid(f) ? PerlIO_fileno(PerlIONext(f)) : -1;
1849 }
1850 
1851 char *
1852 PerlIO_modestr(PerlIO * f, char *buf)
1853 {
1854     char *s = buf;
1855     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
1856 	IV flags = PerlIOBase(f)->flags;
1857 	if (flags & PERLIO_F_APPEND) {
1858 	    *s++ = 'a';
1859 	    if (flags & PERLIO_F_CANREAD) {
1860 		*s++ = '+';
1861 	    }
1862 	}
1863 	else if (flags & PERLIO_F_CANREAD) {
1864 	    *s++ = 'r';
1865 	    if (flags & PERLIO_F_CANWRITE)
1866 		*s++ = '+';
1867 	}
1868 	else if (flags & PERLIO_F_CANWRITE) {
1869 	    *s++ = 'w';
1870 	    if (flags & PERLIO_F_CANREAD) {
1871 		*s++ = '+';
1872 	    }
1873 	}
1874 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
1875 	if (!(flags & PERLIO_F_CRLF))
1876 	    *s++ = 'b';
1877 #endif
1878     }
1879     *s = '\0';
1880     return buf;
1881 }
1882 
1883 
1884 IV
1885 PerlIOBase_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
1886 {
1887     PerlIOl *l = PerlIOBase(f);
1888 #if 0
1889     const char *omode = mode;
1890     char temp[8];
1891 #endif
1892     l->flags &= ~(PERLIO_F_CANREAD | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE |
1893 		  PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE | PERLIO_F_APPEND);
1894     if (tab->Set_ptrcnt != NULL)
1895 	l->flags |= PERLIO_F_FASTGETS;
1896     if (mode) {
1897 	if (*mode == '#' || *mode == 'I')
1898 	    mode++;
1899 	switch (*mode++) {
1900 	case 'r':
1901 	    l->flags |= PERLIO_F_CANREAD;
1902 	    break;
1903 	case 'a':
1904 	    l->flags |= PERLIO_F_APPEND | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE;
1905 	    break;
1906 	case 'w':
1907 	    l->flags |= PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE;
1908 	    break;
1909 	default:
1910 	    SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB$_INVARG);
1911 	    return -1;
1912 	}
1913 	while (*mode) {
1914 	    switch (*mode++) {
1915 	    case '+':
1916 		l->flags |= PERLIO_F_CANREAD | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE;
1917 		break;
1918 	    case 'b':
1919 		l->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_CRLF;
1920 		break;
1921 	    case 't':
1922 		l->flags |= PERLIO_F_CRLF;
1923 		break;
1924 	    default:
1925 		SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB$_INVARG);
1926 		return -1;
1927 	    }
1928 	}
1929     }
1930     else {
1931 	if (l->next) {
1932 	    l->flags |= l->next->flags &
1933 		(PERLIO_F_CANREAD | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE | PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE |
1934 		 PERLIO_F_APPEND);
1935 	}
1936     }
1937 #if 0
1938     PerlIO_debug("PerlIOBase_pushed f=%p %s %s fl=%08" UVxf " (%s)\n",
1939 		 f, PerlIOBase(f)->tab->name, (omode) ? omode : "(Null)",
1940 		 l->flags, PerlIO_modestr(f, temp));
1941 #endif
1942     return 0;
1943 }
1944 
1945 IV
1946 PerlIOBase_popped(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1947 {
1948     return 0;
1949 }
1950 
1951 SSize_t
1952 PerlIOBase_unread(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
1953 {
1954     /*
1955      * Save the position as current head considers it
1956      */
1957     Off_t old = PerlIO_tell(f);
1958     SSize_t done;
1959     PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, &PerlIO_pending, "r", Nullsv);
1960     PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf)->posn = old;
1961     done = PerlIOBuf_unread(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
1962     return done;
1963 }
1964 
1965 SSize_t
1966 PerlIOBase_read(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count)
1967 {
1968     STDCHAR *buf = (STDCHAR *) vbuf;
1969     if (f) {
1970 	if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CANREAD))
1971 	    return 0;
1972 	while (count > 0) {
1973 	    SSize_t avail = PerlIO_get_cnt(f);
1974 	    SSize_t take = 0;
1975 	    if (avail > 0)
1976 		take = ((SSize_t)count < avail) ? count : avail;
1977 	    if (take > 0) {
1978 		STDCHAR *ptr = PerlIO_get_ptr(f);
1979 		Copy(ptr, buf, take, STDCHAR);
1980 		PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f, ptr + take, (avail -= take));
1981 		count -= take;
1982 		buf += take;
1983 	    }
1984 	    if (count > 0 && avail <= 0) {
1985 		if (PerlIO_fill(f) != 0)
1986 		    break;
1987 	    }
1988 	}
1989 	return (buf - (STDCHAR *) vbuf);
1990     }
1991     return 0;
1992 }
1993 
1994 IV
1995 PerlIOBase_noop_ok(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
1996 {
1997     return 0;
1998 }
1999 
2000 IV
2001 PerlIOBase_noop_fail(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2002 {
2003     return -1;
2004 }
2005 
2006 IV
2007 PerlIOBase_close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2008 {
2009     IV code = 0;
2010     PerlIO *n = PerlIONext(f);
2011     if (PerlIO_flush(f) != 0)
2012 	code = -1;
2013     if (PerlIOValid(n) && (*PerlIOBase(n)->tab->Close)(aTHX_ n) != 0)
2014 	code = -1;
2015     PerlIOBase(f)->flags &=
2016 	~(PERLIO_F_CANREAD | PERLIO_F_CANWRITE | PERLIO_F_OPEN);
2017     return code;
2018 }
2019 
2020 IV
2021 PerlIOBase_eof(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2022 {
2023     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
2024 	return (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_EOF) != 0;
2025     }
2026     return 1;
2027 }
2028 
2029 IV
2030 PerlIOBase_error(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2031 {
2032     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
2033 	return (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_ERROR) != 0;
2034     }
2035     return 1;
2036 }
2037 
2038 void
2039 PerlIOBase_clearerr(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2040 {
2041     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
2042 	PerlIO *n = PerlIONext(f);
2043 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~(PERLIO_F_ERROR | PERLIO_F_EOF);
2044 	if (PerlIOValid(n))
2045 	    PerlIO_clearerr(n);
2046     }
2047 }
2048 
2049 void
2050 PerlIOBase_setlinebuf(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2051 {
2052     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
2053 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_LINEBUF;
2054     }
2055 }
2056 
2057 SV *
2058 PerlIO_sv_dup(pTHX_ SV *arg, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
2059 {
2060     if (!arg)
2061 	return Nullsv;
2062 #ifdef sv_dup
2063     if (param) {
2064 	return sv_dup(arg, param);
2065     }
2066     else {
2067 	return newSVsv(arg);
2068     }
2069 #else
2070     return newSVsv(arg);
2071 #endif
2072 }
2073 
2074 PerlIO *
2075 PerlIOBase_dup(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO *o, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags)
2076 {
2077     PerlIO *nexto = PerlIONext(o);
2078     if (PerlIOValid(nexto)) {
2079 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIOBase(nexto)->tab;
2080 	f = (*tab->Dup)(aTHX_ f, nexto, param, flags);
2081     }
2082     if (f) {
2083 	PerlIO_funcs *self = PerlIOBase(o)->tab;
2084 	SV *arg = Nullsv;
2085 	char buf[8];
2086 	PerlIO_debug("PerlIOBase_dup %s f=%p o=%p param=%p\n",
2087 		     self->name, (void*)f, (void*)o, (void*)param);
2088 	if (self->Getarg) {
2089 	    arg = (*self->Getarg)(aTHX_ o,param,flags);
2090 	}
2091 	f = PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, self, PerlIO_modestr(o,buf), arg);
2092 	if (arg) {
2093 	    SvREFCNT_dec(arg);
2094 	}
2095     }
2096     return f;
2097 }
2098 
2099 #define PERLIO_MAX_REFCOUNTABLE_FD 2048
2100 #ifdef USE_THREADS
2101 perl_mutex PerlIO_mutex;
2102 #endif
2103 int PerlIO_fd_refcnt[PERLIO_MAX_REFCOUNTABLE_FD];
2104 
2105 void
2106 PerlIO_init(pTHX)
2107 {
2108  /* Place holder for stdstreams call ??? */
2109 #ifdef USE_THREADS
2110  MUTEX_INIT(&PerlIO_mutex);
2111 #endif
2112 }
2113 
2114 void
2115 PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(int fd)
2116 {
2117     if (fd >= 0 && fd < PERLIO_MAX_REFCOUNTABLE_FD) {
2118 #ifdef USE_THREADS
2119 	MUTEX_LOCK(&PerlIO_mutex);
2120 #endif
2121 	PerlIO_fd_refcnt[fd]++;
2122 	PerlIO_debug("fd %d refcnt=%d\n",fd,PerlIO_fd_refcnt[fd]);
2123 #ifdef USE_THREADS
2124 	MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PerlIO_mutex);
2125 #endif
2126     }
2127 }
2128 
2129 int
2130 PerlIOUnix_refcnt_dec(int fd)
2131 {
2132     int cnt = 0;
2133     if (fd >= 0 && fd < PERLIO_MAX_REFCOUNTABLE_FD) {
2134 #ifdef USE_THREADS
2135 	MUTEX_LOCK(&PerlIO_mutex);
2136 #endif
2137 	cnt = --PerlIO_fd_refcnt[fd];
2138 	PerlIO_debug("fd %d refcnt=%d\n",fd,cnt);
2139 #ifdef USE_THREADS
2140 	MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PerlIO_mutex);
2141 #endif
2142     }
2143     return cnt;
2144 }
2145 
2146 void
2147 PerlIO_cleanup(pTHX)
2148 {
2149     int i;
2150 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
2151     PerlIO_debug("Cleanup layers for %p\n",aTHX);
2152 #else
2153     PerlIO_debug("Cleanup layers\n");
2154 #endif
2155     /* Raise STDIN..STDERR refcount so we don't close them */
2156     for (i=0; i < 3; i++)
2157 	PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(i);
2158     PerlIO_cleantable(aTHX_ &PL_perlio);
2159     /* Restore STDIN..STDERR refcount */
2160     for (i=0; i < 3; i++)
2161 	PerlIOUnix_refcnt_dec(i);
2162 
2163     if (PL_known_layers) {
2164 	PerlIO_list_free(aTHX_ PL_known_layers);
2165 	PL_known_layers = NULL;
2166     }
2167     if(PL_def_layerlist) {
2168 	PerlIO_list_free(aTHX_ PL_def_layerlist);
2169 	PL_def_layerlist = NULL;
2170     }
2171 }
2172 
2173 
2174 
2175 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
2176 /*
2177  * Bottom-most level for UNIX-like case
2178  */
2179 
2180 typedef struct {
2181     struct _PerlIO base;        /* The generic part */
2182     int fd;                     /* UNIX like file descriptor */
2183     int oflags;                 /* open/fcntl flags */
2184 } PerlIOUnix;
2185 
2186 int
2187 PerlIOUnix_oflags(const char *mode)
2188 {
2189     int oflags = -1;
2190     if (*mode == 'I' || *mode == '#')
2191 	mode++;
2192     switch (*mode) {
2193     case 'r':
2194 	oflags = O_RDONLY;
2195 	if (*++mode == '+') {
2196 	    oflags = O_RDWR;
2197 	    mode++;
2198 	}
2199 	break;
2200 
2201     case 'w':
2202 	oflags = O_CREAT | O_TRUNC;
2203 	if (*++mode == '+') {
2204 	    oflags |= O_RDWR;
2205 	    mode++;
2206 	}
2207 	else
2208 	    oflags |= O_WRONLY;
2209 	break;
2210 
2211     case 'a':
2212 	oflags = O_CREAT | O_APPEND;
2213 	if (*++mode == '+') {
2214 	    oflags |= O_RDWR;
2215 	    mode++;
2216 	}
2217 	else
2218 	    oflags |= O_WRONLY;
2219 	break;
2220     }
2221     if (*mode == 'b') {
2222 	oflags |= O_BINARY;
2223 	oflags &= ~O_TEXT;
2224 	mode++;
2225     }
2226     else if (*mode == 't') {
2227 	oflags |= O_TEXT;
2228 	oflags &= ~O_BINARY;
2229 	mode++;
2230     }
2231     /*
2232      * Always open in binary mode
2233      */
2234     oflags |= O_BINARY;
2235     if (*mode || oflags == -1) {
2236 	SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB$_INVARG);
2237 	oflags = -1;
2238     }
2239     return oflags;
2240 }
2241 
2242 IV
2243 PerlIOUnix_fileno(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2244 {
2245     return PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix)->fd;
2246 }
2247 
2248 IV
2249 PerlIOUnix_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
2250 {
2251     IV code = PerlIOBase_pushed(aTHX_ f, mode, arg, tab);
2252     PerlIOUnix *s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix);
2253     if (*PerlIONext(f)) {
2254 	/* We never call down so do any pending stuff now */
2255 	PerlIO_flush(PerlIONext(f));
2256 	s->fd = PerlIO_fileno(PerlIONext(f));
2257 	/*
2258 	 * XXX could (or should) we retrieve the oflags from the open file
2259 	 * handle rather than believing the "mode" we are passed in? XXX
2260 	 * Should the value on NULL mode be 0 or -1?
2261 	 */
2262 	s->oflags = mode ? PerlIOUnix_oflags(mode) : -1;
2263     }
2264     PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_OPEN;
2265     return code;
2266 }
2267 
2268 PerlIO *
2269 PerlIOUnix_open(pTHX_ PerlIO_funcs *self, PerlIO_list_t *layers,
2270 		IV n, const char *mode, int fd, int imode,
2271 		int perm, PerlIO *f, int narg, SV **args)
2272 {
2273     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
2274 	if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_OPEN)
2275 	    (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Close)(aTHX_ f);
2276     }
2277     if (narg > 0) {
2278 	char *path = SvPV_nolen(*args);
2279 	if (*mode == '#')
2280 	    mode++;
2281 	else {
2282 	    imode = PerlIOUnix_oflags(mode);
2283 	    perm = 0666;
2284 	}
2285 	if (imode != -1) {
2286 	    fd = PerlLIO_open3(path, imode, perm);
2287 	}
2288     }
2289     if (fd >= 0) {
2290 	PerlIOUnix *s;
2291 	if (*mode == 'I')
2292 	    mode++;
2293 	if (!f) {
2294 	    f = PerlIO_allocate(aTHX);
2295 	}
2296 	if (!PerlIOValid(f)) {
2297 	    if (!(f = PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, self, mode, PerlIOArg))) {
2298 		return NULL;
2299 	    }
2300 	}
2301 	s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix);
2302 	s->fd = fd;
2303 	s->oflags = imode;
2304 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_OPEN;
2305 	PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(fd);
2306 	return f;
2307     }
2308     else {
2309 	if (f) {
2310 	    /*
2311 	     * FIXME: pop layers ???
2312 	     */
2313 	}
2314 	return NULL;
2315     }
2316 }
2317 
2318 PerlIO *
2319 PerlIOUnix_dup(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO *o, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags)
2320 {
2321     PerlIOUnix *os = PerlIOSelf(o, PerlIOUnix);
2322     int fd = os->fd;
2323     if (flags & PERLIO_DUP_FD) {
2324 	fd = PerlLIO_dup(fd);
2325     }
2326     if (fd >= 0 && fd < PERLIO_MAX_REFCOUNTABLE_FD) {
2327 	f = PerlIOBase_dup(aTHX_ f, o, param, flags);
2328 	if (f) {
2329 	    /* If all went well overwrite fd in dup'ed lay with the dup()'ed fd */
2330 	    PerlIOUnix *s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix);
2331 	    s->fd = fd;
2332 	    PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(fd);
2333 	    return f;
2334 	}
2335     }
2336     return NULL;
2337 }
2338 
2339 
2340 SSize_t
2341 PerlIOUnix_read(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count)
2342 {
2343     int fd = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix)->fd;
2344     if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CANREAD) ||
2345          PerlIOBase(f)->flags & (PERLIO_F_EOF|PERLIO_F_ERROR)) {
2346 	return 0;
2347     }
2348     while (1) {
2349 	SSize_t len = PerlLIO_read(fd, vbuf, count);
2350 	if (len >= 0 || errno != EINTR) {
2351 	    if (len < 0)
2352 		PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_ERROR;
2353 	    else if (len == 0 && count != 0)
2354 		PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_EOF;
2355 	    return len;
2356 	}
2357 	PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
2358     }
2359 }
2360 
2361 SSize_t
2362 PerlIOUnix_write(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
2363 {
2364     int fd = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix)->fd;
2365     while (1) {
2366 	SSize_t len = PerlLIO_write(fd, vbuf, count);
2367 	if (len >= 0 || errno != EINTR) {
2368 	    if (len < 0)
2369 		PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_ERROR;
2370 	    return len;
2371 	}
2372 	PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
2373     }
2374 }
2375 
2376 IV
2377 PerlIOUnix_seek(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence)
2378 {
2379     Off_t new =
2380 	PerlLIO_lseek(PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix)->fd, offset, whence);
2381     PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_EOF;
2382     return (new == (Off_t) - 1) ? -1 : 0;
2383 }
2384 
2385 Off_t
2386 PerlIOUnix_tell(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2387 {
2388     return PerlLIO_lseek(PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix)->fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
2389 }
2390 
2391 
2392 IV
2393 PerlIOUnix_close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2394 {
2395     int fd = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOUnix)->fd;
2396     int code = 0;
2397     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_OPEN) {
2398 	if (PerlIOUnix_refcnt_dec(fd) > 0) {
2399 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_OPEN;
2400 	    return 0;
2401 	}
2402     }
2403     else {
2404 	SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
2405 	return -1;
2406     }
2407     while (PerlLIO_close(fd) != 0) {
2408 	if (errno != EINTR) {
2409 	    code = -1;
2410 	    break;
2411 	}
2412 	PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
2413     }
2414     if (code == 0) {
2415 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_OPEN;
2416     }
2417     return code;
2418 }
2419 
2420 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_unix = {
2421     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
2422     "unix",
2423     sizeof(PerlIOUnix),
2424     PERLIO_K_RAW,
2425     PerlIOUnix_pushed,
2426     PerlIOBase_popped,
2427     PerlIOUnix_open,
2428     PerlIOBase_binmode,         /* binmode */
2429     NULL,
2430     PerlIOUnix_fileno,
2431     PerlIOUnix_dup,
2432     PerlIOUnix_read,
2433     PerlIOBase_unread,
2434     PerlIOUnix_write,
2435     PerlIOUnix_seek,
2436     PerlIOUnix_tell,
2437     PerlIOUnix_close,
2438     PerlIOBase_noop_ok,         /* flush */
2439     PerlIOBase_noop_fail,       /* fill */
2440     PerlIOBase_eof,
2441     PerlIOBase_error,
2442     PerlIOBase_clearerr,
2443     PerlIOBase_setlinebuf,
2444     NULL,                       /* get_base */
2445     NULL,                       /* get_bufsiz */
2446     NULL,                       /* get_ptr */
2447     NULL,                       /* get_cnt */
2448     NULL,                       /* set_ptrcnt */
2449 };
2450 
2451 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
2452 /*
2453  * stdio as a layer
2454  */
2455 
2456 #if defined(VMS) && !defined(STDIO_BUFFER_WRITABLE)
2457 /* perl5.8 - This ensures the last minute VMS ungetc fix is not
2458    broken by the last second glibc 2.3 fix
2459  */
2460 #define STDIO_BUFFER_WRITABLE
2461 #endif
2462 
2463 
2464 typedef struct {
2465     struct _PerlIO base;
2466     FILE *stdio;                /* The stream */
2467 } PerlIOStdio;
2468 
2469 IV
2470 PerlIOStdio_fileno(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2471 {
2472     FILE *s;
2473     if (PerlIOValid(f) && (s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio)) {
2474 	return PerlSIO_fileno(s);
2475     }
2476     errno = EBADF;
2477     return -1;
2478 }
2479 
2480 char *
2481 PerlIOStdio_mode(const char *mode, char *tmode)
2482 {
2483     char *ret = tmode;
2484     while (*mode) {
2485 	*tmode++ = *mode++;
2486     }
2487 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
2488     *tmode++ = 'b';
2489 #endif
2490     *tmode = '\0';
2491     return ret;
2492 }
2493 
2494 IV
2495 PerlIOStdio_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
2496 {
2497     PerlIO *n;
2498     if (PerlIOValid(f) && PerlIOValid(n = PerlIONext(f))) {
2499         PerlIO_funcs *toptab = PerlIOBase(n)->tab;
2500         if (toptab == tab) {
2501 	    /* Top is already stdio - pop self (duplicate) and use original */
2502 	    PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ f);
2503 	    return 0;
2504 	} else {
2505 	    int fd = PerlIO_fileno(n);
2506 	    char tmode[8];
2507 	    FILE *stdio;
2508 	    if (fd >= 0 && (stdio  = PerlSIO_fdopen(fd,
2509 			    mode = PerlIOStdio_mode(mode, tmode)))) {
2510 		PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio = stdio;
2511 	    	/* We never call down so do any pending stuff now */
2512 	    	PerlIO_flush(PerlIONext(f));
2513 	    }
2514 	    else {
2515 		return -1;
2516 	    }
2517         }
2518     }
2519     return PerlIOBase_pushed(aTHX_ f, mode, arg, tab);
2520 }
2521 
2522 
2523 PerlIO *
2524 PerlIO_importFILE(FILE *stdio, const char *mode)
2525 {
2526     dTHX;
2527     PerlIO *f = NULL;
2528     if (stdio) {
2529 	PerlIOStdio *s;
2530 	if (!mode || !*mode) {
2531 	    /* We need to probe to see how we can open the stream
2532 	       so start with read/write and then try write and read
2533 	       we dup() so that we can fclose without loosing the fd.
2534 
2535 	       Note that the errno value set by a failing fdopen
2536 	       varies between stdio implementations.
2537 	     */
2538 	    int fd = PerlLIO_dup(fileno(stdio));
2539 	    FILE *f2 = PerlSIO_fdopen(fd, (mode = "r+"));
2540 	    if (!f2) {
2541 		f2 = PerlSIO_fdopen(fd, (mode = "w"));
2542 	    }
2543 	    if (!f2) {
2544 		f2 = PerlSIO_fdopen(fd, (mode = "r"));
2545 	    }
2546 	    if (!f2) {
2547 		/* Don't seem to be able to open */
2548 		PerlLIO_close(fd);
2549 		return f;
2550 	    }
2551 	    fclose(f2);
2552 	}
2553 	if ((f = PerlIO_push(aTHX_(f = PerlIO_allocate(aTHX)), &PerlIO_stdio, mode, Nullsv))) {
2554 	    s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio);
2555 	    s->stdio = stdio;
2556 	}
2557     }
2558     return f;
2559 }
2560 
2561 PerlIO *
2562 PerlIOStdio_open(pTHX_ PerlIO_funcs *self, PerlIO_list_t *layers,
2563 		 IV n, const char *mode, int fd, int imode,
2564 		 int perm, PerlIO *f, int narg, SV **args)
2565 {
2566     char tmode[8];
2567     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
2568 	char *path = SvPV_nolen(*args);
2569 	PerlIOStdio *s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio);
2570 	FILE *stdio;
2571 	PerlIOUnix_refcnt_dec(fileno(s->stdio));
2572 	stdio = PerlSIO_freopen(path, (mode = PerlIOStdio_mode(mode, tmode)),
2573 			    s->stdio);
2574 	if (!s->stdio)
2575 	    return NULL;
2576 	s->stdio = stdio;
2577 	PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(fileno(s->stdio));
2578 	return f;
2579     }
2580     else {
2581 	if (narg > 0) {
2582 	    char *path = SvPV_nolen(*args);
2583 	    if (*mode == '#') {
2584 		mode++;
2585 		fd = PerlLIO_open3(path, imode, perm);
2586 	    }
2587 	    else {
2588 		FILE *stdio = PerlSIO_fopen(path, mode);
2589 		if (stdio) {
2590 		    PerlIOStdio *s;
2591 		    if (!f) {
2592 			f = PerlIO_allocate(aTHX);
2593 		    }
2594 		    if ((f = PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, self,
2595 				    (mode = PerlIOStdio_mode(mode, tmode)),
2596 				    PerlIOArg))) {
2597 			s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio);
2598 			s->stdio = stdio;
2599 			PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(fileno(s->stdio));
2600 		    }
2601 		    return f;
2602 		}
2603 		else {
2604 		    return NULL;
2605 		}
2606 	    }
2607 	}
2608 	if (fd >= 0) {
2609 	    FILE *stdio = NULL;
2610 	    int init = 0;
2611 	    if (*mode == 'I') {
2612 		init = 1;
2613 		mode++;
2614 	    }
2615 	    if (init) {
2616 		switch (fd) {
2617 		case 0:
2618 		    stdio = PerlSIO_stdin;
2619 		    break;
2620 		case 1:
2621 		    stdio = PerlSIO_stdout;
2622 		    break;
2623 		case 2:
2624 		    stdio = PerlSIO_stderr;
2625 		    break;
2626 		}
2627 	    }
2628 	    else {
2629 		stdio = PerlSIO_fdopen(fd, mode =
2630 				       PerlIOStdio_mode(mode, tmode));
2631 	    }
2632 	    if (stdio) {
2633 		PerlIOStdio *s;
2634 		if (!f) {
2635 		    f = PerlIO_allocate(aTHX);
2636 		}
2637 		if ((f = PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, self, mode, PerlIOArg))) {
2638 		    s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio);
2639 		    s->stdio = stdio;
2640 		    PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(fileno(s->stdio));
2641 		}
2642 		return f;
2643 	    }
2644 	}
2645     }
2646     return NULL;
2647 }
2648 
2649 PerlIO *
2650 PerlIOStdio_dup(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO *o, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags)
2651 {
2652     /* This assumes no layers underneath - which is what
2653        happens, but is not how I remember it. NI-S 2001/10/16
2654      */
2655     if ((f = PerlIOBase_dup(aTHX_ f, o, param, flags))) {
2656 	FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(o, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2657 	if (flags & PERLIO_DUP_FD) {
2658 	    int fd = PerlLIO_dup(fileno(stdio));
2659 	    if (fd >= 0) {
2660 		char mode[8];
2661 		stdio = PerlSIO_fdopen(fd, PerlIO_modestr(o,mode));
2662 	    }
2663 	    else {
2664 		/* FIXME: To avoid messy error recovery if dup fails
2665 		   re-use the existing stdio as though flag was not set
2666 		 */
2667 	    }
2668 	}
2669 	PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio = stdio;
2670 	PerlIOUnix_refcnt_inc(fileno(stdio));
2671     }
2672     return f;
2673 }
2674 
2675 IV
2676 PerlIOStdio_close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2677 {
2678 #ifdef SOCKS5_VERSION_NAME
2679     int optval;
2680     Sock_size_t optlen = sizeof(int);
2681 #endif
2682     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2683     if (!stdio) {
2684 	errno = EBADF;
2685 	return -1;
2686     }
2687     if (PerlIOUnix_refcnt_dec(fileno(stdio)) > 0) {
2688 	/* Do not close it but do flush any buffers */
2689 	return PerlIO_flush(f);
2690     }
2691     return (
2692 #ifdef SOCKS5_VERSION_NAME
2693 	       (getsockopt
2694 		(PerlIO_fileno(f), SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE, (void *) &optval,
2695 		 &optlen) <
2696 		0) ? PerlSIO_fclose(stdio) : close(PerlIO_fileno(f))
2697 #else
2698 	       PerlSIO_fclose(stdio)
2699 #endif
2700 	);
2701 
2702 }
2703 
2704 
2705 
2706 SSize_t
2707 PerlIOStdio_read(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count)
2708 {
2709     FILE *s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2710     SSize_t got = 0;
2711     if (count == 1) {
2712 	STDCHAR *buf = (STDCHAR *) vbuf;
2713 	/*
2714 	 * Perl is expecting PerlIO_getc() to fill the buffer Linux's
2715 	 * stdio does not do that for fread()
2716 	 */
2717 	int ch = PerlSIO_fgetc(s);
2718 	if (ch != EOF) {
2719 	    *buf = ch;
2720 	    got = 1;
2721 	}
2722     }
2723     else
2724 	got = PerlSIO_fread(vbuf, 1, count, s);
2725     return got;
2726 }
2727 
2728 SSize_t
2729 PerlIOStdio_unread(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
2730 {
2731     SSize_t unread = 0;
2732     FILE *s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2733 
2734 #ifdef STDIO_BUFFER_WRITABLE
2735     if (PerlIO_fast_gets(f) && PerlIO_has_base(f)) {
2736 	STDCHAR *buf = ((STDCHAR *) vbuf) + count;
2737 	STDCHAR *base = PerlIO_get_base(f);
2738 	SSize_t cnt   = PerlIO_get_cnt(f);
2739 	STDCHAR *ptr  = PerlIO_get_ptr(f);
2740 	SSize_t avail = ptr - base;
2741 	if (avail > 0) {
2742 	    if (avail > count) {
2743 		avail = count;
2744 	    }
2745 	    ptr -= avail;
2746 	    Move(buf-avail,ptr,avail,STDCHAR);
2747 	    count -= avail;
2748 	    unread += avail;
2749 	    PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,ptr,cnt+avail);
2750 	    if (PerlSIO_feof(s) && unread >= 0)
2751 		PerlSIO_clearerr(s);
2752 	}
2753     }
2754     else
2755 #endif
2756     if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)) {
2757 	/* We can get pointer to buffer but not its base
2758 	   Do ungetc() but check chars are ending up in the
2759 	   buffer
2760 	 */
2761 	STDCHAR *eptr = (STDCHAR*)PerlSIO_get_ptr(s);
2762 	STDCHAR *buf = ((STDCHAR *) vbuf) + count;
2763 	while (count > 0) {
2764 	    int ch = *--buf & 0xFF;
2765 	    if (ungetc(ch,s) != ch) {
2766 		/* ungetc did not work */
2767 		break;
2768 	    }
2769 	    if ((STDCHAR*)PerlSIO_get_ptr(s) != --eptr || ((*eptr & 0xFF) != ch)) {
2770 		/* Did not change pointer as expected */
2771 		fgetc(s);  /* get char back again */
2772 		break;
2773 	    }
2774 	    /* It worked ! */
2775 	    count--;
2776 	    unread++;
2777 	}
2778     }
2779 
2780     if (count > 0) {
2781 	unread += PerlIOBase_unread(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
2782     }
2783     return unread;
2784 }
2785 
2786 SSize_t
2787 PerlIOStdio_write(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
2788 {
2789     return PerlSIO_fwrite(vbuf, 1, count,
2790 			  PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio);
2791 }
2792 
2793 IV
2794 PerlIOStdio_seek(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence)
2795 {
2796     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2797     return PerlSIO_fseek(stdio, offset, whence);
2798 }
2799 
2800 Off_t
2801 PerlIOStdio_tell(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2802 {
2803     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2804     return PerlSIO_ftell(stdio);
2805 }
2806 
2807 IV
2808 PerlIOStdio_flush(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2809 {
2810     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2811     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CANWRITE) {
2812 	return PerlSIO_fflush(stdio);
2813     }
2814     else {
2815 #if 0
2816 	/*
2817 	 * FIXME: This discards ungetc() and pre-read stuff which is not
2818 	 * right if this is just a "sync" from a layer above Suspect right
2819 	 * design is to do _this_ but not have layer above flush this
2820 	 * layer read-to-read
2821 	 */
2822 	/*
2823 	 * Not writeable - sync by attempting a seek
2824 	 */
2825 	int err = errno;
2826 	if (PerlSIO_fseek(stdio, (Off_t) 0, SEEK_CUR) != 0)
2827 	    errno = err;
2828 #endif
2829     }
2830     return 0;
2831 }
2832 
2833 IV
2834 PerlIOStdio_eof(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2835 {
2836     return PerlSIO_feof(PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio);
2837 }
2838 
2839 IV
2840 PerlIOStdio_error(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2841 {
2842     return PerlSIO_ferror(PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio);
2843 }
2844 
2845 void
2846 PerlIOStdio_clearerr(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2847 {
2848     PerlSIO_clearerr(PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio);
2849 }
2850 
2851 void
2852 PerlIOStdio_setlinebuf(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2853 {
2854 #ifdef HAS_SETLINEBUF
2855     PerlSIO_setlinebuf(PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio);
2856 #else
2857     PerlSIO_setvbuf(PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio, Nullch, _IOLBF, 0);
2858 #endif
2859 }
2860 
2861 #ifdef FILE_base
2862 STDCHAR *
2863 PerlIOStdio_get_base(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2864 {
2865     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2866     return (STDCHAR*)PerlSIO_get_base(stdio);
2867 }
2868 
2869 Size_t
2870 PerlIOStdio_get_bufsiz(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2871 {
2872     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2873     return PerlSIO_get_bufsiz(stdio);
2874 }
2875 #endif
2876 
2877 #ifdef USE_STDIO_PTR
2878 STDCHAR *
2879 PerlIOStdio_get_ptr(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2880 {
2881     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2882     return (STDCHAR*)PerlSIO_get_ptr(stdio);
2883 }
2884 
2885 SSize_t
2886 PerlIOStdio_get_cnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2887 {
2888     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2889     return PerlSIO_get_cnt(stdio);
2890 }
2891 
2892 void
2893 PerlIOStdio_set_ptrcnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, STDCHAR * ptr, SSize_t cnt)
2894 {
2895     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2896     if (ptr != NULL) {
2897 #ifdef STDIO_PTR_LVALUE
2898 	PerlSIO_set_ptr(stdio, (void*)ptr); /* LHS STDCHAR* cast non-portable */
2899 #ifdef STDIO_PTR_LVAL_SETS_CNT
2900 	if (PerlSIO_get_cnt(stdio) != (cnt)) {
2901 	    assert(PerlSIO_get_cnt(stdio) == (cnt));
2902 	}
2903 #endif
2904 #if (!defined(STDIO_PTR_LVAL_NOCHANGE_CNT))
2905 	/*
2906 	 * Setting ptr _does_ change cnt - we are done
2907 	 */
2908 	return;
2909 #endif
2910 #else                           /* STDIO_PTR_LVALUE */
2911 	PerlProc_abort();
2912 #endif                          /* STDIO_PTR_LVALUE */
2913     }
2914     /*
2915      * Now (or only) set cnt
2916      */
2917 #ifdef STDIO_CNT_LVALUE
2918     PerlSIO_set_cnt(stdio, cnt);
2919 #else                           /* STDIO_CNT_LVALUE */
2920 #if (defined(STDIO_PTR_LVALUE) && defined(STDIO_PTR_LVAL_SETS_CNT))
2921     PerlSIO_set_ptr(stdio,
2922 		    PerlSIO_get_ptr(stdio) + (PerlSIO_get_cnt(stdio) -
2923 					      cnt));
2924 #else                           /* STDIO_PTR_LVAL_SETS_CNT */
2925     PerlProc_abort();
2926 #endif                          /* STDIO_PTR_LVAL_SETS_CNT */
2927 #endif                          /* STDIO_CNT_LVALUE */
2928 }
2929 
2930 
2931 #endif
2932 
2933 IV
2934 PerlIOStdio_fill(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
2935 {
2936     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
2937     int c;
2938     /*
2939      * fflush()ing read-only streams can cause trouble on some stdio-s
2940      */
2941     if ((PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CANWRITE)) {
2942 	if (PerlSIO_fflush(stdio) != 0)
2943 	    return EOF;
2944     }
2945     c = PerlSIO_fgetc(stdio);
2946     if (c == EOF)
2947 	return EOF;
2948 
2949 #if (defined(STDIO_PTR_LVALUE) && (defined(STDIO_CNT_LVALUE) || defined(STDIO_PTR_LVAL_SETS_CNT)))
2950 
2951 #ifdef STDIO_BUFFER_WRITABLE
2952     if (PerlIO_fast_gets(f) && PerlIO_has_base(f)) {
2953 	/* Fake ungetc() to the real buffer in case system's ungetc
2954 	   goes elsewhere
2955 	 */
2956 	STDCHAR *base = (STDCHAR*)PerlSIO_get_base(stdio);
2957 	SSize_t cnt   = PerlSIO_get_cnt(stdio);
2958 	STDCHAR *ptr  = (STDCHAR*)PerlSIO_get_ptr(stdio);
2959 	if (ptr == base+1) {
2960 	    *--ptr = (STDCHAR) c;
2961 	    PerlIOStdio_set_ptrcnt(aTHX_ f,ptr,cnt+1);
2962 	    if (PerlSIO_feof(stdio))
2963 		PerlSIO_clearerr(stdio);
2964 	    return 0;
2965 	}
2966     }
2967     else
2968 #endif
2969     if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)) {
2970 	STDCHAR ch = c;
2971 	if (PerlIOStdio_unread(aTHX_ f,&ch,1) == 1) {
2972 	    return 0;
2973 	}
2974     }
2975 #endif
2976 
2977 #if defined(VMS)
2978     /* An ungetc()d char is handled separately from the regular
2979      * buffer, so we stuff it in the buffer ourselves.
2980      * Should never get called as should hit code above
2981      */
2982     *(--((*stdio)->_ptr)) = (unsigned char) c;
2983     (*stdio)->_cnt++;
2984 #else
2985     /* If buffer snoop scheme above fails fall back to
2986        using ungetc().
2987      */
2988     if (PerlSIO_ungetc(c, stdio) != c)
2989 	return EOF;
2990 #endif
2991     return 0;
2992 }
2993 
2994 
2995 
2996 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_stdio = {
2997     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
2998     "stdio",
2999     sizeof(PerlIOStdio),
3000     PERLIO_K_BUFFERED|PERLIO_K_RAW,
3001     PerlIOStdio_pushed,
3002     PerlIOBase_popped,
3003     PerlIOStdio_open,
3004     PerlIOBase_binmode,         /* binmode */
3005     NULL,
3006     PerlIOStdio_fileno,
3007     PerlIOStdio_dup,
3008     PerlIOStdio_read,
3009     PerlIOStdio_unread,
3010     PerlIOStdio_write,
3011     PerlIOStdio_seek,
3012     PerlIOStdio_tell,
3013     PerlIOStdio_close,
3014     PerlIOStdio_flush,
3015     PerlIOStdio_fill,
3016     PerlIOStdio_eof,
3017     PerlIOStdio_error,
3018     PerlIOStdio_clearerr,
3019     PerlIOStdio_setlinebuf,
3020 #ifdef FILE_base
3021     PerlIOStdio_get_base,
3022     PerlIOStdio_get_bufsiz,
3023 #else
3024     NULL,
3025     NULL,
3026 #endif
3027 #ifdef USE_STDIO_PTR
3028     PerlIOStdio_get_ptr,
3029     PerlIOStdio_get_cnt,
3030 #if (defined(STDIO_PTR_LVALUE) && (defined(STDIO_CNT_LVALUE) || defined(STDIO_PTR_LVAL_SETS_CNT)))
3031     PerlIOStdio_set_ptrcnt
3032 #else                           /* STDIO_PTR_LVALUE */
3033     NULL
3034 #endif                          /* STDIO_PTR_LVALUE */
3035 #else                           /* USE_STDIO_PTR */
3036     NULL,
3037     NULL,
3038     NULL
3039 #endif                          /* USE_STDIO_PTR */
3040 };
3041 
3042 /* Note that calls to PerlIO_exportFILE() are reversed using
3043  * PerlIO_releaseFILE(), not importFILE. */
3044 FILE *
3045 PerlIO_exportFILE(PerlIO * f, const char *mode)
3046 {
3047     dTHX;
3048     FILE *stdio = NULL;
3049     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
3050 	char buf[8];
3051 	PerlIO_flush(f);
3052 	if (!mode || !*mode) {
3053 	    mode = PerlIO_modestr(f, buf);
3054 	}
3055 	stdio = PerlSIO_fdopen(PerlIO_fileno(f), mode);
3056 	if (stdio) {
3057 	    PerlIOl *l = *f;
3058 	    /* De-link any lower layers so new :stdio sticks */
3059 	    *f = NULL;
3060 	    if ((f = PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, &PerlIO_stdio, buf, Nullsv))) {
3061 		PerlIOStdio *s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio);
3062 		s->stdio = stdio;
3063 		/* Link previous lower layers under new one */
3064 		*PerlIONext(f) = l;
3065 	    }
3066 	    else {
3067 		/* restore layers list */
3068 		*f = l;
3069 	    }
3070 	}
3071     }
3072     return stdio;
3073 }
3074 
3075 
3076 FILE *
3077 PerlIO_findFILE(PerlIO *f)
3078 {
3079     PerlIOl *l = *f;
3080     while (l) {
3081 	if (l->tab == &PerlIO_stdio) {
3082 	    PerlIOStdio *s = PerlIOSelf(&l, PerlIOStdio);
3083 	    return s->stdio;
3084 	}
3085 	l = *PerlIONext(&l);
3086     }
3087     /* Uses fallback "mode" via PerlIO_modestr() in PerlIO_exportFILE */
3088     return PerlIO_exportFILE(f, Nullch);
3089 }
3090 
3091 /* Use this to reverse PerlIO_exportFILE calls. */
3092 void
3093 PerlIO_releaseFILE(PerlIO *p, FILE *f)
3094 {
3095     PerlIOl *l;
3096     while ((l = *p)) {
3097 	if (l->tab == &PerlIO_stdio) {
3098 	    PerlIOStdio *s = PerlIOSelf(&l, PerlIOStdio);
3099 	    if (s->stdio == f) {
3100 		dTHX;
3101 		PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ p);
3102 		return;
3103 	    }
3104 	}
3105 	p = PerlIONext(p);
3106     }
3107     return;
3108 }
3109 
3110 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
3111 /*
3112  * perlio buffer layer
3113  */
3114 
3115 IV
3116 PerlIOBuf_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
3117 {
3118     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3119     int fd = PerlIO_fileno(f);
3120     if (fd >= 0 && PerlLIO_isatty(fd)) {
3121 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_LINEBUF | PERLIO_F_TTY;
3122     }
3123     if (*PerlIONext(f)) {
3124 	Off_t posn = PerlIO_tell(PerlIONext(f));
3125 	if (posn != (Off_t) - 1) {
3126 	    b->posn = posn;
3127 	}
3128     }
3129     return PerlIOBase_pushed(aTHX_ f, mode, arg, tab);
3130 }
3131 
3132 PerlIO *
3133 PerlIOBuf_open(pTHX_ PerlIO_funcs *self, PerlIO_list_t *layers,
3134 	       IV n, const char *mode, int fd, int imode, int perm,
3135 	       PerlIO *f, int narg, SV **args)
3136 {
3137     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
3138 	PerlIO *next = PerlIONext(f);
3139 	PerlIO_funcs *tab =  PerlIO_layer_fetch(aTHX_ layers, n - 1, PerlIOBase(next)->tab);
3140 	next = (*tab->Open) (aTHX_ tab, layers, n - 1, mode, fd, imode, perm,
3141 			  next, narg, args);
3142 	if (!next || (*PerlIOBase(f)->tab->Pushed) (aTHX_ f, mode, PerlIOArg, self) != 0) {
3143 	    return NULL;
3144 	}
3145     }
3146     else {
3147 	PerlIO_funcs *tab = PerlIO_layer_fetch(aTHX_ layers, n - 1, PerlIO_default_btm());
3148 	int init = 0;
3149 	if (*mode == 'I') {
3150 	    init = 1;
3151 	    /*
3152 	     * mode++;
3153 	     */
3154 	}
3155 	f = (*tab->Open) (aTHX_ tab, layers, n - 1, mode, fd, imode, perm,
3156 			  f, narg, args);
3157 	if (f) {
3158 	    if (PerlIO_push(aTHX_ f, self, mode, PerlIOArg) == 0) {
3159 		/*
3160 		 * if push fails during open, open fails. close will pop us.
3161 		 */
3162 		PerlIO_close (f);
3163 		return NULL;
3164 	    } else {
3165 		fd = PerlIO_fileno(f);
3166 		if (init && fd == 2) {
3167 		    /*
3168 		     * Initial stderr is unbuffered
3169 		     */
3170 		    PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_UNBUF;
3171 		}
3172 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
3173 #  ifdef PERLIO_IS_BINMODE_FD
3174 		if (PERLIO_IS_BINMODE_FD(fd))
3175 		    PerlIO_binmode(f,  '<'/*not used*/, O_BINARY, Nullch);
3176 		else
3177 #  endif
3178 		/*
3179 		 * do something about failing setmode()? --jhi
3180 		 */
3181 		PerlLIO_setmode(fd, O_BINARY);
3182 #endif
3183 	    }
3184 	}
3185     }
3186     return f;
3187 }
3188 
3189 /*
3190  * This "flush" is akin to sfio's sync in that it handles files in either
3191  * read or write state
3192  */
3193 IV
3194 PerlIOBuf_flush(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3195 {
3196     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3197     int code = 0;
3198     PerlIO *n = PerlIONext(f);
3199     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_WRBUF) {
3200 	/*
3201 	 * write() the buffer
3202 	 */
3203 	STDCHAR *buf = b->buf;
3204 	STDCHAR *p = buf;
3205 	while (p < b->ptr) {
3206 	    SSize_t count = PerlIO_write(n, p, b->ptr - p);
3207 	    if (count > 0) {
3208 		p += count;
3209 	    }
3210 	    else if (count < 0 || PerlIO_error(n)) {
3211 		PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_ERROR;
3212 		code = -1;
3213 		break;
3214 	    }
3215 	}
3216 	b->posn += (p - buf);
3217     }
3218     else if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_RDBUF) {
3219 	STDCHAR *buf = PerlIO_get_base(f);
3220 	/*
3221 	 * Note position change
3222 	 */
3223 	b->posn += (b->ptr - buf);
3224 	if (b->ptr < b->end) {
3225 	    /* We did not consume all of it - try and seek downstream to
3226 	       our logical position
3227 	     */
3228 	    if (PerlIOValid(n) && PerlIO_seek(n, b->posn, SEEK_SET) == 0) {
3229 		/* Reload n as some layers may pop themselves on seek */
3230 		b->posn = PerlIO_tell(n = PerlIONext(f));
3231 	    }
3232 	    else {
3233 		/* Seek failed (e.g. pipe or tty). Do NOT clear buffer or pre-read
3234 		   data is lost for good - so return saying "ok" having undone
3235 		   the position adjust
3236 		 */
3237 		b->posn -= (b->ptr - buf);
3238 		return code;
3239 	    }
3240 	}
3241     }
3242     b->ptr = b->end = b->buf;
3243     PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~(PERLIO_F_RDBUF | PERLIO_F_WRBUF);
3244     /* We check for Valid because of dubious decision to make PerlIO_flush(NULL) flush all */
3245     if (PerlIOValid(n) && PerlIO_flush(n) != 0)
3246 	code = -1;
3247     return code;
3248 }
3249 
3250 IV
3251 PerlIOBuf_fill(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3252 {
3253     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3254     PerlIO *n = PerlIONext(f);
3255     SSize_t avail;
3256     /*
3257      * Down-stream flush is defined not to loose read data so is harmless.
3258      * we would not normally be fill'ing if there was data left in anycase.
3259      */
3260     if (PerlIO_flush(f) != 0)
3261 	return -1;
3262     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_TTY)
3263 	PerlIOBase_flush_linebuf(aTHX);
3264 
3265     if (!b->buf)
3266 	PerlIO_get_base(f);     /* allocate via vtable */
3267 
3268     b->ptr = b->end = b->buf;
3269 
3270     if (!PerlIOValid(n)) {
3271 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_EOF;
3272 	return -1;
3273     }
3274 
3275     if (PerlIO_fast_gets(n)) {
3276 	/*
3277 	 * Layer below is also buffered. We do _NOT_ want to call its
3278 	 * ->Read() because that will loop till it gets what we asked for
3279 	 * which may hang on a pipe etc. Instead take anything it has to
3280 	 * hand, or ask it to fill _once_.
3281 	 */
3282 	avail = PerlIO_get_cnt(n);
3283 	if (avail <= 0) {
3284 	    avail = PerlIO_fill(n);
3285 	    if (avail == 0)
3286 		avail = PerlIO_get_cnt(n);
3287 	    else {
3288 		if (!PerlIO_error(n) && PerlIO_eof(n))
3289 		    avail = 0;
3290 	    }
3291 	}
3292 	if (avail > 0) {
3293 	    STDCHAR *ptr = PerlIO_get_ptr(n);
3294 	    SSize_t cnt = avail;
3295 	    if (avail > (SSize_t)b->bufsiz)
3296 		avail = b->bufsiz;
3297 	    Copy(ptr, b->buf, avail, STDCHAR);
3298 	    PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(n, ptr + avail, cnt - avail);
3299 	}
3300     }
3301     else {
3302 	avail = PerlIO_read(n, b->ptr, b->bufsiz);
3303     }
3304     if (avail <= 0) {
3305 	if (avail == 0)
3306 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_EOF;
3307 	else
3308 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_ERROR;
3309 	return -1;
3310     }
3311     b->end = b->buf + avail;
3312     PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_RDBUF;
3313     return 0;
3314 }
3315 
3316 SSize_t
3317 PerlIOBuf_read(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count)
3318 {
3319     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3320     if (PerlIOValid(f)) {
3321 	if (!b->ptr)
3322 	    PerlIO_get_base(f);
3323 	return PerlIOBase_read(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
3324     }
3325     return 0;
3326 }
3327 
3328 SSize_t
3329 PerlIOBuf_unread(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
3330 {
3331     const STDCHAR *buf = (const STDCHAR *) vbuf + count;
3332     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3333     SSize_t unread = 0;
3334     SSize_t avail;
3335     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_WRBUF)
3336 	PerlIO_flush(f);
3337     if (!b->buf)
3338 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3339     if (b->buf) {
3340 	if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_RDBUF) {
3341 	    /*
3342 	     * Buffer is already a read buffer, we can overwrite any chars
3343 	     * which have been read back to buffer start
3344 	     */
3345 	    avail = (b->ptr - b->buf);
3346 	}
3347 	else {
3348 	    /*
3349 	     * Buffer is idle, set it up so whole buffer is available for
3350 	     * unread
3351 	     */
3352 	    avail = b->bufsiz;
3353 	    b->end = b->buf + avail;
3354 	    b->ptr = b->end;
3355 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_RDBUF;
3356 	    /*
3357 	     * Buffer extends _back_ from where we are now
3358 	     */
3359 	    b->posn -= b->bufsiz;
3360 	}
3361 	if (avail > (SSize_t) count) {
3362 	    /*
3363 	     * If we have space for more than count, just move count
3364 	     */
3365 	    avail = count;
3366 	}
3367 	if (avail > 0) {
3368 	    b->ptr -= avail;
3369 	    buf -= avail;
3370 	    /*
3371 	     * In simple stdio-like ungetc() case chars will be already
3372 	     * there
3373 	     */
3374 	    if (buf != b->ptr) {
3375 		Copy(buf, b->ptr, avail, STDCHAR);
3376 	    }
3377 	    count -= avail;
3378 	    unread += avail;
3379 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_EOF;
3380 	}
3381     }
3382     if (count > 0) {
3383 	unread += PerlIOBase_unread(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
3384     }
3385     return unread;
3386 }
3387 
3388 SSize_t
3389 PerlIOBuf_write(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
3390 {
3391     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3392     const STDCHAR *buf = (const STDCHAR *) vbuf;
3393     Size_t written = 0;
3394     if (!b->buf)
3395 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3396     if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CANWRITE))
3397 	return 0;
3398     while (count > 0) {
3399 	SSize_t avail = b->bufsiz - (b->ptr - b->buf);
3400 	if ((SSize_t) count < avail)
3401 	    avail = count;
3402 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_WRBUF;
3403 	if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_LINEBUF) {
3404 	    while (avail > 0) {
3405 		int ch = *buf++;
3406 		*(b->ptr)++ = ch;
3407 		count--;
3408 		avail--;
3409 		written++;
3410 		if (ch == '\n') {
3411 		    PerlIO_flush(f);
3412 		    break;
3413 		}
3414 	    }
3415 	}
3416 	else {
3417 	    if (avail) {
3418 		Copy(buf, b->ptr, avail, STDCHAR);
3419 		count -= avail;
3420 		buf += avail;
3421 		written += avail;
3422 		b->ptr += avail;
3423 	    }
3424 	}
3425 	if (b->ptr >= (b->buf + b->bufsiz))
3426 	    PerlIO_flush(f);
3427     }
3428     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_UNBUF)
3429 	PerlIO_flush(f);
3430     return written;
3431 }
3432 
3433 IV
3434 PerlIOBuf_seek(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence)
3435 {
3436     IV code;
3437     if ((code = PerlIO_flush(f)) == 0) {
3438 	PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3439 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_EOF;
3440 	code = PerlIO_seek(PerlIONext(f), offset, whence);
3441 	if (code == 0) {
3442 	    b->posn = PerlIO_tell(PerlIONext(f));
3443 	}
3444     }
3445     return code;
3446 }
3447 
3448 Off_t
3449 PerlIOBuf_tell(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3450 {
3451     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3452     /*
3453      * b->posn is file position where b->buf was read, or will be written
3454      */
3455     Off_t posn = b->posn;
3456     if (b->buf) {
3457 	/*
3458 	 * If buffer is valid adjust position by amount in buffer
3459 	 */
3460 	posn += (b->ptr - b->buf);
3461     }
3462     return posn;
3463 }
3464 
3465 IV
3466 PerlIOBuf_popped(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3467 {
3468     IV code = PerlIOBase_popped(aTHX_ f);
3469     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3470     if (b->buf && b->buf != (STDCHAR *) & b->oneword) {
3471 	Safefree(b->buf);
3472     }
3473     b->buf = NULL;
3474     b->ptr = b->end = b->buf;
3475     PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~(PERLIO_F_RDBUF | PERLIO_F_WRBUF);
3476     return code;
3477 }
3478 
3479 IV
3480 PerlIOBuf_close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3481 {
3482     IV code = PerlIOBase_close(aTHX_ f);
3483     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3484     if (b->buf && b->buf != (STDCHAR *) & b->oneword) {
3485 	Safefree(b->buf);
3486     }
3487     b->buf = NULL;
3488     b->ptr = b->end = b->buf;
3489     PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~(PERLIO_F_RDBUF | PERLIO_F_WRBUF);
3490     return code;
3491 }
3492 
3493 STDCHAR *
3494 PerlIOBuf_get_ptr(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3495 {
3496     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3497     if (!b->buf)
3498 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3499     return b->ptr;
3500 }
3501 
3502 SSize_t
3503 PerlIOBuf_get_cnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3504 {
3505     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3506     if (!b->buf)
3507 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3508     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_RDBUF)
3509 	return (b->end - b->ptr);
3510     return 0;
3511 }
3512 
3513 STDCHAR *
3514 PerlIOBuf_get_base(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3515 {
3516     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3517     if (!b->buf) {
3518 	if (!b->bufsiz)
3519 	    b->bufsiz = 4096;
3520 	b->buf =
3521 	Newz('B',b->buf,b->bufsiz, STDCHAR);
3522 	if (!b->buf) {
3523 	    b->buf = (STDCHAR *) & b->oneword;
3524 	    b->bufsiz = sizeof(b->oneword);
3525 	}
3526 	b->ptr = b->buf;
3527 	b->end = b->ptr;
3528     }
3529     return b->buf;
3530 }
3531 
3532 Size_t
3533 PerlIOBuf_bufsiz(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3534 {
3535     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3536     if (!b->buf)
3537 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3538     return (b->end - b->buf);
3539 }
3540 
3541 void
3542 PerlIOBuf_set_ptrcnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, STDCHAR * ptr, SSize_t cnt)
3543 {
3544     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3545     if (!b->buf)
3546 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3547     b->ptr = ptr;
3548     if (PerlIO_get_cnt(f) != cnt || b->ptr < b->buf) {
3549 	assert(PerlIO_get_cnt(f) == cnt);
3550 	assert(b->ptr >= b->buf);
3551     }
3552     PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_RDBUF;
3553 }
3554 
3555 PerlIO *
3556 PerlIOBuf_dup(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO *o, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags)
3557 {
3558  return PerlIOBase_dup(aTHX_ f, o, param, flags);
3559 }
3560 
3561 
3562 
3563 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_perlio = {
3564     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
3565     "perlio",
3566     sizeof(PerlIOBuf),
3567     PERLIO_K_BUFFERED|PERLIO_K_RAW,
3568     PerlIOBuf_pushed,
3569     PerlIOBuf_popped,
3570     PerlIOBuf_open,
3571     PerlIOBase_binmode,         /* binmode */
3572     NULL,
3573     PerlIOBase_fileno,
3574     PerlIOBuf_dup,
3575     PerlIOBuf_read,
3576     PerlIOBuf_unread,
3577     PerlIOBuf_write,
3578     PerlIOBuf_seek,
3579     PerlIOBuf_tell,
3580     PerlIOBuf_close,
3581     PerlIOBuf_flush,
3582     PerlIOBuf_fill,
3583     PerlIOBase_eof,
3584     PerlIOBase_error,
3585     PerlIOBase_clearerr,
3586     PerlIOBase_setlinebuf,
3587     PerlIOBuf_get_base,
3588     PerlIOBuf_bufsiz,
3589     PerlIOBuf_get_ptr,
3590     PerlIOBuf_get_cnt,
3591     PerlIOBuf_set_ptrcnt,
3592 };
3593 
3594 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
3595 /*
3596  * Temp layer to hold unread chars when cannot do it any other way
3597  */
3598 
3599 IV
3600 PerlIOPending_fill(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3601 {
3602     /*
3603      * Should never happen
3604      */
3605     PerlIO_flush(f);
3606     return 0;
3607 }
3608 
3609 IV
3610 PerlIOPending_close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3611 {
3612     /*
3613      * A tad tricky - flush pops us, then we close new top
3614      */
3615     PerlIO_flush(f);
3616     return PerlIO_close(f);
3617 }
3618 
3619 IV
3620 PerlIOPending_seek(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence)
3621 {
3622     /*
3623      * A tad tricky - flush pops us, then we seek new top
3624      */
3625     PerlIO_flush(f);
3626     return PerlIO_seek(f, offset, whence);
3627 }
3628 
3629 
3630 IV
3631 PerlIOPending_flush(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3632 {
3633     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3634     if (b->buf && b->buf != (STDCHAR *) & b->oneword) {
3635 	Safefree(b->buf);
3636 	b->buf = NULL;
3637     }
3638     PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ f);
3639     return 0;
3640 }
3641 
3642 void
3643 PerlIOPending_set_ptrcnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, STDCHAR * ptr, SSize_t cnt)
3644 {
3645     if (cnt <= 0) {
3646 	PerlIO_flush(f);
3647     }
3648     else {
3649 	PerlIOBuf_set_ptrcnt(aTHX_ f, ptr, cnt);
3650     }
3651 }
3652 
3653 IV
3654 PerlIOPending_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
3655 {
3656     IV code = PerlIOBase_pushed(aTHX_ f, mode, arg, tab);
3657     PerlIOl *l = PerlIOBase(f);
3658     /*
3659      * Our PerlIO_fast_gets must match what we are pushed on, or sv_gets()
3660      * etc. get muddled when it changes mid-string when we auto-pop.
3661      */
3662     l->flags = (l->flags & ~(PERLIO_F_FASTGETS | PERLIO_F_UTF8)) |
3663 	(PerlIOBase(PerlIONext(f))->
3664 	 flags & (PERLIO_F_FASTGETS | PERLIO_F_UTF8));
3665     return code;
3666 }
3667 
3668 SSize_t
3669 PerlIOPending_read(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count)
3670 {
3671     SSize_t avail = PerlIO_get_cnt(f);
3672     SSize_t got = 0;
3673     if ((SSize_t)count < avail)
3674 	avail = count;
3675     if (avail > 0)
3676 	got = PerlIOBuf_read(aTHX_ f, vbuf, avail);
3677     if (got >= 0 && got < (SSize_t)count) {
3678 	SSize_t more =
3679 	    PerlIO_read(f, ((STDCHAR *) vbuf) + got, count - got);
3680 	if (more >= 0 || got == 0)
3681 	    got += more;
3682     }
3683     return got;
3684 }
3685 
3686 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_pending = {
3687     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
3688     "pending",
3689     sizeof(PerlIOBuf),
3690     PERLIO_K_BUFFERED|PERLIO_K_RAW,  /* not sure about RAW here */
3691     PerlIOPending_pushed,
3692     PerlIOBuf_popped,
3693     NULL,
3694     PerlIOBase_binmode,         /* binmode */
3695     NULL,
3696     PerlIOBase_fileno,
3697     PerlIOBuf_dup,
3698     PerlIOPending_read,
3699     PerlIOBuf_unread,
3700     PerlIOBuf_write,
3701     PerlIOPending_seek,
3702     PerlIOBuf_tell,
3703     PerlIOPending_close,
3704     PerlIOPending_flush,
3705     PerlIOPending_fill,
3706     PerlIOBase_eof,
3707     PerlIOBase_error,
3708     PerlIOBase_clearerr,
3709     PerlIOBase_setlinebuf,
3710     PerlIOBuf_get_base,
3711     PerlIOBuf_bufsiz,
3712     PerlIOBuf_get_ptr,
3713     PerlIOBuf_get_cnt,
3714     PerlIOPending_set_ptrcnt,
3715 };
3716 
3717 
3718 
3719 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
3720 /*
3721  * crlf - translation On read translate CR,LF to "\n" we do this by
3722  * overriding ptr/cnt entries to hand back a line at a time and keeping a
3723  * record of which nl we "lied" about. On write translate "\n" to CR,LF
3724  */
3725 
3726 typedef struct {
3727     PerlIOBuf base;             /* PerlIOBuf stuff */
3728     STDCHAR *nl;                /* Position of crlf we "lied" about in the
3729 				 * buffer */
3730 } PerlIOCrlf;
3731 
3732 IV
3733 PerlIOCrlf_pushed(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const char *mode, SV *arg, PerlIO_funcs *tab)
3734 {
3735     IV code;
3736     PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_CRLF;
3737     code = PerlIOBuf_pushed(aTHX_ f, mode, arg, tab);
3738 #if 0
3739     PerlIO_debug("PerlIOCrlf_pushed f=%p %s %s fl=%08" UVxf "\n",
3740 		 f, PerlIOBase(f)->tab->name, (mode) ? mode : "(Null)",
3741 		 PerlIOBase(f)->flags);
3742 #endif
3743     return code;
3744 }
3745 
3746 
3747 SSize_t
3748 PerlIOCrlf_unread(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
3749 {
3750     PerlIOCrlf *c = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOCrlf);
3751     if (c->nl) {
3752 	*(c->nl) = 0xd;
3753 	c->nl = NULL;
3754     }
3755     if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CRLF))
3756 	return PerlIOBuf_unread(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
3757     else {
3758 	const STDCHAR *buf = (const STDCHAR *) vbuf + count;
3759 	PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3760 	SSize_t unread = 0;
3761 	if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_WRBUF)
3762 	    PerlIO_flush(f);
3763 	if (!b->buf)
3764 	    PerlIO_get_base(f);
3765 	if (b->buf) {
3766 	    if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_RDBUF)) {
3767 		b->end = b->ptr = b->buf + b->bufsiz;
3768 		PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_RDBUF;
3769 		b->posn -= b->bufsiz;
3770 	    }
3771 	    while (count > 0 && b->ptr > b->buf) {
3772 		int ch = *--buf;
3773 		if (ch == '\n') {
3774 		    if (b->ptr - 2 >= b->buf) {
3775 			*--(b->ptr) = 0xa;
3776 			*--(b->ptr) = 0xd;
3777 			unread++;
3778 			count--;
3779 		    }
3780 		    else {
3781 			buf++;
3782 			break;
3783 		    }
3784 		}
3785 		else {
3786 		    *--(b->ptr) = ch;
3787 		    unread++;
3788 		    count--;
3789 		}
3790 	    }
3791 	}
3792 	return unread;
3793     }
3794 }
3795 
3796 SSize_t
3797 PerlIOCrlf_get_cnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3798 {
3799     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3800     if (!b->buf)
3801 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3802     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_RDBUF) {
3803 	PerlIOCrlf *c = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOCrlf);
3804 	if ((PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CRLF) && (!c->nl || *c->nl == 0xd)) {
3805 	    STDCHAR *nl = (c->nl) ? c->nl : b->ptr;
3806 	  scan:
3807 	    while (nl < b->end && *nl != 0xd)
3808 		nl++;
3809 	    if (nl < b->end && *nl == 0xd) {
3810 	      test:
3811 		if (nl + 1 < b->end) {
3812 		    if (nl[1] == 0xa) {
3813 			*nl = '\n';
3814 			c->nl = nl;
3815 		    }
3816 		    else {
3817 			/*
3818 			 * Not CR,LF but just CR
3819 			 */
3820 			nl++;
3821 			goto scan;
3822 		    }
3823 		}
3824 		else {
3825 		    /*
3826 		     * Blast - found CR as last char in buffer
3827 		     */
3828 
3829 		    if (b->ptr < nl) {
3830 			/*
3831 			 * They may not care, defer work as long as
3832 			 * possible
3833 			 */
3834 			c->nl = nl;
3835 			return (nl - b->ptr);
3836 		    }
3837 		    else {
3838 			int code;
3839 			b->ptr++;       /* say we have read it as far as
3840 					 * flush() is concerned */
3841 			b->buf++;       /* Leave space in front of buffer */
3842 			b->bufsiz--;    /* Buffer is thus smaller */
3843 			code = PerlIO_fill(f);  /* Fetch some more */
3844 			b->bufsiz++;    /* Restore size for next time */
3845 			b->buf--;       /* Point at space */
3846 			b->ptr = nl = b->buf;   /* Which is what we hand
3847 						 * off */
3848 			b->posn--;      /* Buffer starts here */
3849 			*nl = 0xd;      /* Fill in the CR */
3850 			if (code == 0)
3851 			    goto test;  /* fill() call worked */
3852 			/*
3853 			 * CR at EOF - just fall through
3854 			 */
3855 			/* Should we clear EOF though ??? */
3856 		    }
3857 		}
3858 	    }
3859 	}
3860 	return (((c->nl) ? (c->nl + 1) : b->end) - b->ptr);
3861     }
3862     return 0;
3863 }
3864 
3865 void
3866 PerlIOCrlf_set_ptrcnt(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, STDCHAR * ptr, SSize_t cnt)
3867 {
3868     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3869     PerlIOCrlf *c = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOCrlf);
3870     if (!b->buf)
3871 	PerlIO_get_base(f);
3872     if (!ptr) {
3873 	if (c->nl) {
3874 	    ptr = c->nl + 1;
3875 	    if (ptr == b->end && *c->nl == 0xd) {
3876 		/* Defered CR at end of buffer case - we lied about count */
3877 		ptr--;
3878 	    }
3879 	}
3880 	else {
3881 	    ptr = b->end;
3882 	}
3883 	ptr -= cnt;
3884     }
3885     else {
3886 #if 0
3887 	/*
3888 	 * Test code - delete when it works ...
3889 	 */
3890 	IV flags = PerlIOBase(f)->flags;
3891 	STDCHAR *chk = (c->nl) ? (c->nl+1) : b->end;
3892 	if (ptr+cnt == c->nl && c->nl+1 == b->end && *c->nl == 0xd) {
3893 	  /* Defered CR at end of buffer case - we lied about count */
3894 	  chk--;
3895 	}
3896 	chk -= cnt;
3897 
3898 	if (ptr != chk ) {
3899 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "ptr wrong %p != %p fl=%08" UVxf
3900 		       " nl=%p e=%p for %d", ptr, chk, flags, c->nl,
3901 		       b->end, cnt);
3902 	}
3903 #endif
3904     }
3905     if (c->nl) {
3906 	if (ptr > c->nl) {
3907 	    /*
3908 	     * They have taken what we lied about
3909 	     */
3910 	    *(c->nl) = 0xd;
3911 	    c->nl = NULL;
3912 	    ptr++;
3913 	}
3914     }
3915     b->ptr = ptr;
3916     PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_RDBUF;
3917 }
3918 
3919 SSize_t
3920 PerlIOCrlf_write(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
3921 {
3922     if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CRLF))
3923 	return PerlIOBuf_write(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
3924     else {
3925 	PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
3926 	const STDCHAR *buf = (const STDCHAR *) vbuf;
3927 	const STDCHAR *ebuf = buf + count;
3928 	if (!b->buf)
3929 	    PerlIO_get_base(f);
3930 	if (!(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CANWRITE))
3931 	    return 0;
3932 	while (buf < ebuf) {
3933 	    STDCHAR *eptr = b->buf + b->bufsiz;
3934 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_WRBUF;
3935 	    while (buf < ebuf && b->ptr < eptr) {
3936 		if (*buf == '\n') {
3937 		    if ((b->ptr + 2) > eptr) {
3938 			/*
3939 			 * Not room for both
3940 			 */
3941 			PerlIO_flush(f);
3942 			break;
3943 		    }
3944 		    else {
3945 			*(b->ptr)++ = 0xd;      /* CR */
3946 			*(b->ptr)++ = 0xa;      /* LF */
3947 			buf++;
3948 			if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_LINEBUF) {
3949 			    PerlIO_flush(f);
3950 			    break;
3951 			}
3952 		    }
3953 		}
3954 		else {
3955 		    int ch = *buf++;
3956 		    *(b->ptr)++ = ch;
3957 		}
3958 		if (b->ptr >= eptr) {
3959 		    PerlIO_flush(f);
3960 		    break;
3961 		}
3962 	    }
3963 	}
3964 	if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_UNBUF)
3965 	    PerlIO_flush(f);
3966 	return (buf - (STDCHAR *) vbuf);
3967     }
3968 }
3969 
3970 IV
3971 PerlIOCrlf_flush(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3972 {
3973     PerlIOCrlf *c = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOCrlf);
3974     if (c->nl) {
3975 	*(c->nl) = 0xd;
3976 	c->nl = NULL;
3977     }
3978     return PerlIOBuf_flush(aTHX_ f);
3979 }
3980 
3981 IV
3982 PerlIOCrlf_binmode(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
3983 {
3984     if ((PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_CRLF)) {
3985 	/* In text mode - flush any pending stuff and flip it */
3986 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_CRLF;
3987 #ifndef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
3988 	/* CRLF is unusual case - if this is just the :crlf layer pop it */
3989 	if (PerlIOBase(f)->tab == &PerlIO_crlf) {
3990 		PerlIO_pop(aTHX_ f);
3991 	}
3992 #endif
3993     }
3994     return 0;
3995 }
3996 
3997 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_crlf = {
3998     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
3999     "crlf",
4000     sizeof(PerlIOCrlf),
4001     PERLIO_K_BUFFERED | PERLIO_K_CANCRLF | PERLIO_K_RAW,
4002     PerlIOCrlf_pushed,
4003     PerlIOBuf_popped,         /* popped */
4004     PerlIOBuf_open,
4005     PerlIOCrlf_binmode,       /* binmode */
4006     NULL,
4007     PerlIOBase_fileno,
4008     PerlIOBuf_dup,
4009     PerlIOBuf_read,             /* generic read works with ptr/cnt lies
4010 				 * ... */
4011     PerlIOCrlf_unread,          /* Put CR,LF in buffer for each '\n' */
4012     PerlIOCrlf_write,           /* Put CR,LF in buffer for each '\n' */
4013     PerlIOBuf_seek,
4014     PerlIOBuf_tell,
4015     PerlIOBuf_close,
4016     PerlIOCrlf_flush,
4017     PerlIOBuf_fill,
4018     PerlIOBase_eof,
4019     PerlIOBase_error,
4020     PerlIOBase_clearerr,
4021     PerlIOBase_setlinebuf,
4022     PerlIOBuf_get_base,
4023     PerlIOBuf_bufsiz,
4024     PerlIOBuf_get_ptr,
4025     PerlIOCrlf_get_cnt,
4026     PerlIOCrlf_set_ptrcnt,
4027 };
4028 
4029 #ifdef HAS_MMAP
4030 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
4031 /*
4032  * mmap as "buffer" layer
4033  */
4034 
4035 typedef struct {
4036     PerlIOBuf base;             /* PerlIOBuf stuff */
4037     Mmap_t mptr;                /* Mapped address */
4038     Size_t len;                 /* mapped length */
4039     STDCHAR *bbuf;              /* malloced buffer if map fails */
4040 } PerlIOMmap;
4041 
4042 static size_t page_size = 0;
4043 
4044 IV
4045 PerlIOMmap_map(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
4046 {
4047     PerlIOMmap *m = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOMmap);
4048     IV flags = PerlIOBase(f)->flags;
4049     IV code = 0;
4050     if (m->len)
4051 	abort();
4052     if (flags & PERLIO_F_CANREAD) {
4053 	PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
4054 	int fd = PerlIO_fileno(f);
4055 	Stat_t st;
4056 	code = Fstat(fd, &st);
4057 	if (code == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
4058 	    SSize_t len = st.st_size - b->posn;
4059 	    if (len > 0) {
4060 		Off_t posn;
4061 		if (!page_size) {
4062 #if defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && (defined(_SC_PAGESIZE) || defined(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
4063 		    {
4064 			SETERRNO(0, SS$_NORMAL);
4065 #   ifdef _SC_PAGESIZE
4066 			page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
4067 #   else
4068 			page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
4069 #   endif
4070 			if ((long) page_size < 0) {
4071 			    if (errno) {
4072 				SV *error = ERRSV;
4073 				char *msg;
4074 				STRLEN n_a;
4075 				(void) SvUPGRADE(error, SVt_PV);
4076 				msg = SvPVx(error, n_a);
4077 				Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sysconf: %s",
4078 					   msg);
4079 			    }
4080 			    else
4081 				Perl_croak(aTHX_
4082 					   "panic: sysconf: pagesize unknown");
4083 			}
4084 		    }
4085 #else
4086 #   ifdef HAS_GETPAGESIZE
4087 		    page_size = getpagesize();
4088 #   else
4089 #       if defined(I_SYS_PARAM) && defined(PAGESIZE)
4090 		    page_size = PAGESIZE;       /* compiletime, bad */
4091 #       endif
4092 #   endif
4093 #endif
4094 		    if ((IV) page_size <= 0)
4095 			Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: bad pagesize %" IVdf,
4096 				   (IV) page_size);
4097 		}
4098 		if (b->posn < 0) {
4099 		    /*
4100 		     * This is a hack - should never happen - open should
4101 		     * have set it !
4102 		     */
4103 		    b->posn = PerlIO_tell(PerlIONext(f));
4104 		}
4105 		posn = (b->posn / page_size) * page_size;
4106 		len = st.st_size - posn;
4107 		m->mptr = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, posn);
4108 		if (m->mptr && m->mptr != (Mmap_t) - 1) {
4109 #if 0 && defined(HAS_MADVISE) && defined(MADV_SEQUENTIAL)
4110 		    madvise(m->mptr, len, MADV_SEQUENTIAL);
4111 #endif
4112 #if 0 && defined(HAS_MADVISE) && defined(MADV_WILLNEED)
4113 		    madvise(m->mptr, len, MADV_WILLNEED);
4114 #endif
4115 		    PerlIOBase(f)->flags =
4116 			(flags & ~PERLIO_F_EOF) | PERLIO_F_RDBUF;
4117 		    b->end = ((STDCHAR *) m->mptr) + len;
4118 		    b->buf = ((STDCHAR *) m->mptr) + (b->posn - posn);
4119 		    b->ptr = b->buf;
4120 		    m->len = len;
4121 		}
4122 		else {
4123 		    b->buf = NULL;
4124 		}
4125 	    }
4126 	    else {
4127 		PerlIOBase(f)->flags =
4128 		    flags | PERLIO_F_EOF | PERLIO_F_RDBUF;
4129 		b->buf = NULL;
4130 		b->ptr = b->end = b->ptr;
4131 		code = -1;
4132 	    }
4133 	}
4134     }
4135     return code;
4136 }
4137 
4138 IV
4139 PerlIOMmap_unmap(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
4140 {
4141     PerlIOMmap *m = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOMmap);
4142     PerlIOBuf *b = &m->base;
4143     IV code = 0;
4144     if (m->len) {
4145 	if (b->buf) {
4146 	    code = munmap(m->mptr, m->len);
4147 	    b->buf = NULL;
4148 	    m->len = 0;
4149 	    m->mptr = NULL;
4150 	    if (PerlIO_seek(PerlIONext(f), b->posn, SEEK_SET) != 0)
4151 		code = -1;
4152 	}
4153 	b->ptr = b->end = b->buf;
4154 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~(PERLIO_F_RDBUF | PERLIO_F_WRBUF);
4155     }
4156     return code;
4157 }
4158 
4159 STDCHAR *
4160 PerlIOMmap_get_base(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
4161 {
4162     PerlIOMmap *m = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOMmap);
4163     PerlIOBuf *b = &m->base;
4164     if (b->buf && (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_RDBUF)) {
4165 	/*
4166 	 * Already have a readbuffer in progress
4167 	 */
4168 	return b->buf;
4169     }
4170     if (b->buf) {
4171 	/*
4172 	 * We have a write buffer or flushed PerlIOBuf read buffer
4173 	 */
4174 	m->bbuf = b->buf;       /* save it in case we need it again */
4175 	b->buf = NULL;          /* Clear to trigger below */
4176     }
4177     if (!b->buf) {
4178 	PerlIOMmap_map(aTHX_ f);        /* Try and map it */
4179 	if (!b->buf) {
4180 	    /*
4181 	     * Map did not work - recover PerlIOBuf buffer if we have one
4182 	     */
4183 	    b->buf = m->bbuf;
4184 	}
4185     }
4186     b->ptr = b->end = b->buf;
4187     if (b->buf)
4188 	return b->buf;
4189     return PerlIOBuf_get_base(aTHX_ f);
4190 }
4191 
4192 SSize_t
4193 PerlIOMmap_unread(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
4194 {
4195     PerlIOMmap *m = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOMmap);
4196     PerlIOBuf *b = &m->base;
4197     if (PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_WRBUF)
4198 	PerlIO_flush(f);
4199     if (b->ptr && (b->ptr - count) >= b->buf
4200 	&& memEQ(b->ptr - count, vbuf, count)) {
4201 	b->ptr -= count;
4202 	PerlIOBase(f)->flags &= ~PERLIO_F_EOF;
4203 	return count;
4204     }
4205     if (m->len) {
4206 	/*
4207 	 * Loose the unwritable mapped buffer
4208 	 */
4209 	PerlIO_flush(f);
4210 	/*
4211 	 * If flush took the "buffer" see if we have one from before
4212 	 */
4213 	if (!b->buf && m->bbuf)
4214 	    b->buf = m->bbuf;
4215 	if (!b->buf) {
4216 	    PerlIOBuf_get_base(aTHX_ f);
4217 	    m->bbuf = b->buf;
4218 	}
4219     }
4220     return PerlIOBuf_unread(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
4221 }
4222 
4223 SSize_t
4224 PerlIOMmap_write(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count)
4225 {
4226     PerlIOMmap *m = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOMmap);
4227     PerlIOBuf *b = &m->base;
4228     if (!b->buf || !(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_WRBUF)) {
4229 	/*
4230 	 * No, or wrong sort of, buffer
4231 	 */
4232 	if (m->len) {
4233 	    if (PerlIOMmap_unmap(aTHX_ f) != 0)
4234 		return 0;
4235 	}
4236 	/*
4237 	 * If unmap took the "buffer" see if we have one from before
4238 	 */
4239 	if (!b->buf && m->bbuf)
4240 	    b->buf = m->bbuf;
4241 	if (!b->buf) {
4242 	    PerlIOBuf_get_base(aTHX_ f);
4243 	    m->bbuf = b->buf;
4244 	}
4245     }
4246     return PerlIOBuf_write(aTHX_ f, vbuf, count);
4247 }
4248 
4249 IV
4250 PerlIOMmap_flush(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
4251 {
4252     PerlIOMmap *m = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOMmap);
4253     PerlIOBuf *b = &m->base;
4254     IV code = PerlIOBuf_flush(aTHX_ f);
4255     /*
4256      * Now we are "synced" at PerlIOBuf level
4257      */
4258     if (b->buf) {
4259 	if (m->len) {
4260 	    /*
4261 	     * Unmap the buffer
4262 	     */
4263 	    if (PerlIOMmap_unmap(aTHX_ f) != 0)
4264 		code = -1;
4265 	}
4266 	else {
4267 	    /*
4268 	     * We seem to have a PerlIOBuf buffer which was not mapped
4269 	     * remember it in case we need one later
4270 	     */
4271 	    m->bbuf = b->buf;
4272 	}
4273     }
4274     return code;
4275 }
4276 
4277 IV
4278 PerlIOMmap_fill(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
4279 {
4280     PerlIOBuf *b = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOBuf);
4281     IV code = PerlIO_flush(f);
4282     if (code == 0 && !b->buf) {
4283 	code = PerlIOMmap_map(aTHX_ f);
4284     }
4285     if (code == 0 && !(PerlIOBase(f)->flags & PERLIO_F_RDBUF)) {
4286 	code = PerlIOBuf_fill(aTHX_ f);
4287     }
4288     return code;
4289 }
4290 
4291 IV
4292 PerlIOMmap_close(pTHX_ PerlIO *f)
4293 {
4294     PerlIOMmap *m = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOMmap);
4295     PerlIOBuf *b = &m->base;
4296     IV code = PerlIO_flush(f);
4297     if (m->bbuf) {
4298 	b->buf = m->bbuf;
4299 	m->bbuf = NULL;
4300 	b->ptr = b->end = b->buf;
4301     }
4302     if (PerlIOBuf_close(aTHX_ f) != 0)
4303 	code = -1;
4304     return code;
4305 }
4306 
4307 PerlIO *
4308 PerlIOMmap_dup(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO *o, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags)
4309 {
4310  return PerlIOBase_dup(aTHX_ f, o, param, flags);
4311 }
4312 
4313 
4314 PerlIO_funcs PerlIO_mmap = {
4315     sizeof(PerlIO_funcs),
4316     "mmap",
4317     sizeof(PerlIOMmap),
4318     PERLIO_K_BUFFERED|PERLIO_K_RAW,
4319     PerlIOBuf_pushed,
4320     PerlIOBuf_popped,
4321     PerlIOBuf_open,
4322     PerlIOBase_binmode,         /* binmode */
4323     NULL,
4324     PerlIOBase_fileno,
4325     PerlIOMmap_dup,
4326     PerlIOBuf_read,
4327     PerlIOMmap_unread,
4328     PerlIOMmap_write,
4329     PerlIOBuf_seek,
4330     PerlIOBuf_tell,
4331     PerlIOBuf_close,
4332     PerlIOMmap_flush,
4333     PerlIOMmap_fill,
4334     PerlIOBase_eof,
4335     PerlIOBase_error,
4336     PerlIOBase_clearerr,
4337     PerlIOBase_setlinebuf,
4338     PerlIOMmap_get_base,
4339     PerlIOBuf_bufsiz,
4340     PerlIOBuf_get_ptr,
4341     PerlIOBuf_get_cnt,
4342     PerlIOBuf_set_ptrcnt,
4343 };
4344 
4345 #endif                          /* HAS_MMAP */
4346 
4347 PerlIO *
4348 Perl_PerlIO_stdin(pTHX)
4349 {
4350     if (!PL_perlio) {
4351 	PerlIO_stdstreams(aTHX);
4352     }
4353     return &PL_perlio[1];
4354 }
4355 
4356 PerlIO *
4357 Perl_PerlIO_stdout(pTHX)
4358 {
4359     if (!PL_perlio) {
4360 	PerlIO_stdstreams(aTHX);
4361     }
4362     return &PL_perlio[2];
4363 }
4364 
4365 PerlIO *
4366 Perl_PerlIO_stderr(pTHX)
4367 {
4368     if (!PL_perlio) {
4369 	PerlIO_stdstreams(aTHX);
4370     }
4371     return &PL_perlio[3];
4372 }
4373 
4374 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
4375 
4376 char *
4377 PerlIO_getname(PerlIO *f, char *buf)
4378 {
4379     dTHX;
4380     char *name = NULL;
4381 #ifdef VMS
4382     FILE *stdio = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio)->stdio;
4383     if (stdio)
4384 	name = fgetname(stdio, buf);
4385 #else
4386     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Don't know how to get file name");
4387 #endif
4388     return name;
4389 }
4390 
4391 
4392 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
4393 /*
4394  * Functions which can be called on any kind of PerlIO implemented in
4395  * terms of above
4396  */
4397 
4398 #undef PerlIO_fdopen
4399 PerlIO *
4400 PerlIO_fdopen(int fd, const char *mode)
4401 {
4402     dTHX;
4403     return PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ Nullch, mode, fd, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
4404 }
4405 
4406 #undef PerlIO_open
4407 PerlIO *
4408 PerlIO_open(const char *path, const char *mode)
4409 {
4410     dTHX;
4411     SV *name = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(path, strlen(path)));
4412     return PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ Nullch, mode, -1, 0, 0, NULL, 1, &name);
4413 }
4414 
4415 #undef Perlio_reopen
4416 PerlIO *
4417 PerlIO_reopen(const char *path, const char *mode, PerlIO *f)
4418 {
4419     dTHX;
4420     SV *name = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(path, strlen(path)));
4421     return PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ Nullch, mode, -1, 0, 0, f, 1, &name);
4422 }
4423 
4424 #undef PerlIO_getc
4425 int
4426 PerlIO_getc(PerlIO *f)
4427 {
4428     dTHX;
4429     STDCHAR buf[1];
4430     SSize_t count = PerlIO_read(f, buf, 1);
4431     if (count == 1) {
4432 	return (unsigned char) buf[0];
4433     }
4434     return EOF;
4435 }
4436 
4437 #undef PerlIO_ungetc
4438 int
4439 PerlIO_ungetc(PerlIO *f, int ch)
4440 {
4441     dTHX;
4442     if (ch != EOF) {
4443 	STDCHAR buf = ch;
4444 	if (PerlIO_unread(f, &buf, 1) == 1)
4445 	    return ch;
4446     }
4447     return EOF;
4448 }
4449 
4450 #undef PerlIO_putc
4451 int
4452 PerlIO_putc(PerlIO *f, int ch)
4453 {
4454     dTHX;
4455     STDCHAR buf = ch;
4456     return PerlIO_write(f, &buf, 1);
4457 }
4458 
4459 #undef PerlIO_puts
4460 int
4461 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO *f, const char *s)
4462 {
4463     dTHX;
4464     STRLEN len = strlen(s);
4465     return PerlIO_write(f, s, len);
4466 }
4467 
4468 #undef PerlIO_rewind
4469 void
4470 PerlIO_rewind(PerlIO *f)
4471 {
4472     dTHX;
4473     PerlIO_seek(f, (Off_t) 0, SEEK_SET);
4474     PerlIO_clearerr(f);
4475 }
4476 
4477 #undef PerlIO_vprintf
4478 int
4479 PerlIO_vprintf(PerlIO *f, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
4480 {
4481     dTHX;
4482     SV *sv = newSVpvn("", 0);
4483     char *s;
4484     STRLEN len;
4485     SSize_t wrote;
4486 #ifdef NEED_VA_COPY
4487     va_list apc;
4488     Perl_va_copy(ap, apc);
4489     sv_vcatpvf(sv, fmt, &apc);
4490 #else
4491     sv_vcatpvf(sv, fmt, &ap);
4492 #endif
4493     s = SvPV(sv, len);
4494     wrote = PerlIO_write(f, s, len);
4495     SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
4496     return wrote;
4497 }
4498 
4499 #undef PerlIO_printf
4500 int
4501 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO *f, const char *fmt, ...)
4502 {
4503     va_list ap;
4504     int result;
4505     va_start(ap, fmt);
4506     result = PerlIO_vprintf(f, fmt, ap);
4507     va_end(ap);
4508     return result;
4509 }
4510 
4511 #undef PerlIO_stdoutf
4512 int
4513 PerlIO_stdoutf(const char *fmt, ...)
4514 {
4515     dTHX;
4516     va_list ap;
4517     int result;
4518     va_start(ap, fmt);
4519     result = PerlIO_vprintf(PerlIO_stdout(), fmt, ap);
4520     va_end(ap);
4521     return result;
4522 }
4523 
4524 #undef PerlIO_tmpfile
4525 PerlIO *
4526 PerlIO_tmpfile(void)
4527 {
4528     /*
4529      * I have no idea how portable mkstemp() is ...
4530      */
4531 #if defined(WIN32) || !defined(HAVE_MKSTEMP)
4532     dTHX;
4533     PerlIO *f = NULL;
4534     FILE *stdio = PerlSIO_tmpfile();
4535     if (stdio) {
4536 	if ((f = PerlIO_push(aTHX_(PerlIO_allocate(aTHX)), &PerlIO_stdio, "w+", Nullsv))) {
4537 	    PerlIOStdio *s = PerlIOSelf(f, PerlIOStdio);
4538 	    s->stdio = stdio;
4539 	}
4540     }
4541     return f;
4542 #else
4543     dTHX;
4544     SV *sv = newSVpv("/tmp/PerlIO_XXXXXX", 0);
4545     int fd = mkstemp(SvPVX(sv));
4546     PerlIO *f = NULL;
4547     if (fd >= 0) {
4548 	f = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "w+");
4549 	if (f) {
4550 	    PerlIOBase(f)->flags |= PERLIO_F_TEMP;
4551 	}
4552 	PerlLIO_unlink(SvPVX(sv));
4553 	SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
4554     }
4555     return f;
4556 #endif
4557 }
4558 
4559 #undef HAS_FSETPOS
4560 #undef HAS_FGETPOS
4561 
4562 #endif                          /* USE_SFIO */
4563 #endif                          /* PERLIO_IS_STDIO */
4564 
4565 /*======================================================================================*/
4566 /*
4567  * Now some functions in terms of above which may be needed even if we are
4568  * not in true PerlIO mode
4569  */
4570 
4571 #ifndef HAS_FSETPOS
4572 #undef PerlIO_setpos
4573 int
4574 PerlIO_setpos(PerlIO *f, SV *pos)
4575 {
4576     dTHX;
4577     if (SvOK(pos)) {
4578 	STRLEN len;
4579 	Off_t *posn = (Off_t *) SvPV(pos, len);
4580 	if (f && len == sizeof(Off_t))
4581 	    return PerlIO_seek(f, *posn, SEEK_SET);
4582     }
4583     SETERRNO(EINVAL, SS$_IVCHAN);
4584     return -1;
4585 }
4586 #else
4587 #undef PerlIO_setpos
4588 int
4589 PerlIO_setpos(PerlIO *f, SV *pos)
4590 {
4591     dTHX;
4592     if (SvOK(pos)) {
4593 	STRLEN len;
4594 	Fpos_t *fpos = (Fpos_t *) SvPV(pos, len);
4595 	if (f && len == sizeof(Fpos_t)) {
4596 #if defined(USE_64_BIT_STDIO) && defined(USE_FSETPOS64)
4597 	    return fsetpos64(f, fpos);
4598 #else
4599 	    return fsetpos(f, fpos);
4600 #endif
4601 	}
4602     }
4603     SETERRNO(EINVAL, SS$_IVCHAN);
4604     return -1;
4605 }
4606 #endif
4607 
4608 #ifndef HAS_FGETPOS
4609 #undef PerlIO_getpos
4610 int
4611 PerlIO_getpos(PerlIO *f, SV *pos)
4612 {
4613     dTHX;
4614     Off_t posn = PerlIO_tell(f);
4615     sv_setpvn(pos, (char *) &posn, sizeof(posn));
4616     return (posn == (Off_t) - 1) ? -1 : 0;
4617 }
4618 #else
4619 #undef PerlIO_getpos
4620 int
4621 PerlIO_getpos(PerlIO *f, SV *pos)
4622 {
4623     dTHX;
4624     Fpos_t fpos;
4625     int code;
4626 #if defined(USE_64_BIT_STDIO) && defined(USE_FSETPOS64)
4627     code = fgetpos64(f, &fpos);
4628 #else
4629     code = fgetpos(f, &fpos);
4630 #endif
4631     sv_setpvn(pos, (char *) &fpos, sizeof(fpos));
4632     return code;
4633 }
4634 #endif
4635 
4636 #if (defined(PERLIO_IS_STDIO) || !defined(USE_SFIO)) && !defined(HAS_VPRINTF)
4637 
4638 int
4639 vprintf(char *pat, char *args)
4640 {
4641     _doprnt(pat, args, stdout);
4642     return 0;                   /* wrong, but perl doesn't use the return
4643 				 * value */
4644 }
4645 
4646 int
4647 vfprintf(FILE *fd, char *pat, char *args)
4648 {
4649     _doprnt(pat, args, fd);
4650     return 0;                   /* wrong, but perl doesn't use the return
4651 				 * value */
4652 }
4653 
4654 #endif
4655 
4656 #ifndef PerlIO_vsprintf
4657 int
4658 PerlIO_vsprintf(char *s, int n, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
4659 {
4660     int val = vsprintf(s, fmt, ap);
4661     if (n >= 0) {
4662 	if (strlen(s) >= (STRLEN) n) {
4663 	    dTHX;
4664 	    (void) PerlIO_puts(Perl_error_log,
4665 			       "panic: sprintf overflow - memory corrupted!\n");
4666 	    my_exit(1);
4667 	}
4668     }
4669     return val;
4670 }
4671 #endif
4672 
4673 #ifndef PerlIO_sprintf
4674 int
4675 PerlIO_sprintf(char *s, int n, const char *fmt, ...)
4676 {
4677     va_list ap;
4678     int result;
4679     va_start(ap, fmt);
4680     result = PerlIO_vsprintf(s, n, fmt, ap);
4681     va_end(ap);
4682     return result;
4683 }
4684 #endif
4685 
4686 
4687 
4688 
4689 
4690 
4691 
4692 
4693