xref: /openbsd/gnu/usr.bin/perl/pp_sys.c (revision 4cfece93)
1 /*    pp_sys.c
2  *
3  *    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
4  *    2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
5  *
6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8  *
9  */
10 
11 /*
12  * But only a short way ahead its floor and the walls on either side were
13  * cloven by a great fissure, out of which the red glare came, now leaping
14  * up, now dying down into darkness; and all the while far below there was
15  * a rumour and a trouble as of great engines throbbing and labouring.
16  *
17  *     [p.945 of _The Lord of the Rings_, VI/iii: "Mount Doom"]
18  */
19 
20 /* This file contains system pp ("push/pop") functions that
21  * execute the opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function
22  * expects to find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its
23  * results onto the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure
24  * contains a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
25  *
26  * By 'system', we mean ops which interact with the OS, such as pp_open().
27  */
28 
29 #include "EXTERN.h"
30 #define PERL_IN_PP_SYS_C
31 #include "perl.h"
32 #include "time64.h"
33 
34 #ifdef I_SHADOW
35 /* Shadow password support for solaris - pdo@cs.umd.edu
36  * Not just Solaris: at least HP-UX, IRIX, Linux.
37  * The API is from SysV.
38  *
39  * There are at least two more shadow interfaces,
40  * see the comments in pp_gpwent().
41  *
42  * --jhi */
43 #   ifdef __hpux__
44 /* There is a MAXINT coming from <shadow.h> <- <hpsecurity.h> <- <values.h>
45  * and another MAXINT from "perl.h" <- <sys/param.h>. */
46 #       undef MAXINT
47 #   endif
48 #   include <shadow.h>
49 #endif
50 
51 #ifdef I_SYS_RESOURCE
52 # include <sys/resource.h>
53 #endif
54 
55 #ifdef NETWARE
56 NETDB_DEFINE_CONTEXT
57 #endif
58 
59 #ifdef HAS_SELECT
60 # ifdef I_SYS_SELECT
61 #  include <sys/select.h>
62 # endif
63 #endif
64 
65 /* XXX Configure test needed.
66    h_errno might not be a simple 'int', especially for multi-threaded
67    applications, see "extern int errno in perl.h".  Creating such
68    a test requires taking into account the differences between
69    compiling multithreaded and singlethreaded ($ccflags et al).
70    HOST_NOT_FOUND is typically defined in <netdb.h>.
71 */
72 #if defined(HOST_NOT_FOUND) && !defined(h_errno) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
73 extern int h_errno;
74 #endif
75 
76 #ifdef HAS_PASSWD
77 # ifdef I_PWD
78 #  include <pwd.h>
79 # elif !defined(VMS)
80     struct passwd *getpwnam (char *);
81     struct passwd *getpwuid (Uid_t);
82 # endif
83 # ifdef HAS_GETPWENT
84 #  ifndef getpwent
85   struct passwd *getpwent (void);
86 #  elif defined (VMS) && defined (my_getpwent)
87   struct passwd *Perl_my_getpwent (pTHX);
88 #  endif
89 # endif
90 #endif
91 
92 #ifdef HAS_GROUP
93 # ifdef I_GRP
94 #  include <grp.h>
95 # else
96     struct group *getgrnam (char *);
97     struct group *getgrgid (Gid_t);
98 # endif
99 # ifdef HAS_GETGRENT
100 #  ifndef getgrent
101     struct group *getgrent (void);
102 #  endif
103 # endif
104 #endif
105 
106 #ifdef I_UTIME
107 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
108 #    include <sys/utime.h>
109 #  else
110 #    include <utime.h>
111 #  endif
112 #endif
113 
114 #ifdef HAS_CHSIZE
115 # ifdef my_chsize  /* Probably #defined to Perl_my_chsize in embed.h */
116 #   undef my_chsize
117 # endif
118 # define my_chsize PerlLIO_chsize
119 #elif defined(HAS_TRUNCATE)
120 # define my_chsize PerlLIO_chsize
121 #else
122 I32 my_chsize(int fd, Off_t length);
123 #endif
124 
125 #ifdef HAS_FLOCK
126 #  define FLOCK flock
127 #else /* no flock() */
128 
129    /* fcntl.h might not have been included, even if it exists, because
130       the current Configure only sets I_FCNTL if it's needed to pick up
131       the *_OK constants.  Make sure it has been included before testing
132       the fcntl() locking constants. */
133 #  if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && !defined(I_FCNTL)
134 #    include <fcntl.h>
135 #  endif
136 
137 #  if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(FCNTL_CAN_LOCK)
138 #    define FLOCK fcntl_emulate_flock
139 #    define FCNTL_EMULATE_FLOCK
140 #  elif defined(HAS_LOCKF)
141 #    define FLOCK lockf_emulate_flock
142 #    define LOCKF_EMULATE_FLOCK
143 #  endif
144 
145 #  ifdef FLOCK
146      static int FLOCK (int, int);
147 
148     /*
149      * These are the flock() constants.  Since this sytems doesn't have
150      * flock(), the values of the constants are probably not available.
151      */
152 #    ifndef LOCK_SH
153 #      define LOCK_SH 1
154 #    endif
155 #    ifndef LOCK_EX
156 #      define LOCK_EX 2
157 #    endif
158 #    ifndef LOCK_NB
159 #      define LOCK_NB 4
160 #    endif
161 #    ifndef LOCK_UN
162 #      define LOCK_UN 8
163 #    endif
164 #  endif /* emulating flock() */
165 
166 #endif /* no flock() */
167 
168 #define ZBTLEN 10
169 static const char zero_but_true[ZBTLEN + 1] = "0 but true";
170 
171 #if defined(I_SYS_ACCESS) && !defined(R_OK)
172 #  include <sys/access.h>
173 #endif
174 
175 #include "reentr.h"
176 
177 #ifdef __Lynx__
178 /* Missing protos on LynxOS */
179 void sethostent(int);
180 void endhostent(void);
181 void setnetent(int);
182 void endnetent(void);
183 void setprotoent(int);
184 void endprotoent(void);
185 void setservent(int);
186 void endservent(void);
187 #endif
188 
189 #ifdef __amigaos4__
190 #  include "amigaos4/amigaio.h"
191 #endif
192 
193 #undef PERL_EFF_ACCESS	/* EFFective uid/gid ACCESS */
194 
195 /* F_OK unused: if stat() cannot find it... */
196 
197 #if !defined(PERL_EFF_ACCESS) && defined(HAS_ACCESS) && defined(EFF_ONLY_OK) && !defined(NO_EFF_ONLY_OK)
198     /* Digital UNIX (when the EFF_ONLY_OK gets fixed), UnixWare */
199 #   define PERL_EFF_ACCESS(p,f) (access((p), (f) | EFF_ONLY_OK))
200 #endif
201 
202 #if !defined(PERL_EFF_ACCESS) && defined(HAS_EACCESS)
203 #   ifdef I_SYS_SECURITY
204 #       include <sys/security.h>
205 #   endif
206 #   ifdef ACC_SELF
207         /* HP SecureWare */
208 #       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS(p,f) (eaccess((p), (f), ACC_SELF))
209 #   else
210         /* SCO */
211 #       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS(p,f) (eaccess((p), (f)))
212 #   endif
213 #endif
214 
215 #if !defined(PERL_EFF_ACCESS) && defined(HAS_ACCESSX) && defined(ACC_SELF)
216     /* AIX's accessx() doesn't declare its argument const, unlike every other platform */
217 #   define PERL_EFF_ACCESS(p,f) (accessx((char*)(p), (f), ACC_SELF))
218 #endif
219 
220 
221 #if !defined(PERL_EFF_ACCESS) && defined(HAS_ACCESS)	\
222     && (defined(HAS_SETREUID) || defined(HAS_SETRESUID)		\
223 	|| defined(HAS_SETREGID) || defined(HAS_SETRESGID))
224 /* The Hard Way. */
225 STATIC int
226 S_emulate_eaccess(pTHX_ const char* path, Mode_t mode)
227 {
228     const Uid_t ruid = getuid();
229     const Uid_t euid = geteuid();
230     const Gid_t rgid = getgid();
231     const Gid_t egid = getegid();
232     int res;
233 
234 #if !defined(HAS_SETREUID) && !defined(HAS_SETRESUID)
235     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "switching effective uid is not implemented");
236 #else
237 #  ifdef HAS_SETREUID
238     if (setreuid(euid, ruid))
239 #  elif defined(HAS_SETRESUID)
240     if (setresuid(euid, ruid, (Uid_t)-1))
241 #  endif
242 	/* diag_listed_as: entering effective %s failed */
243 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "entering effective uid failed");
244 #endif
245 
246 #if !defined(HAS_SETREGID) && !defined(HAS_SETRESGID)
247     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "switching effective gid is not implemented");
248 #else
249 #  ifdef HAS_SETREGID
250     if (setregid(egid, rgid))
251 #  elif defined(HAS_SETRESGID)
252     if (setresgid(egid, rgid, (Gid_t)-1))
253 #  endif
254 	/* diag_listed_as: entering effective %s failed */
255 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "entering effective gid failed");
256 #endif
257 
258     res = access(path, mode);
259 
260 #ifdef HAS_SETREUID
261     if (setreuid(ruid, euid))
262 #elif defined(HAS_SETRESUID)
263     if (setresuid(ruid, euid, (Uid_t)-1))
264 #endif
265 	/* diag_listed_as: leaving effective %s failed */
266 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "leaving effective uid failed");
267 
268 #ifdef HAS_SETREGID
269     if (setregid(rgid, egid))
270 #elif defined(HAS_SETRESGID)
271     if (setresgid(rgid, egid, (Gid_t)-1))
272 #endif
273 	/* diag_listed_as: leaving effective %s failed */
274 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "leaving effective gid failed");
275 
276     return res;
277 }
278 #   define PERL_EFF_ACCESS(p,f) (S_emulate_eaccess(aTHX_ (p), (f)))
279 #endif
280 
281 PP(pp_backtick)
282 {
283     dSP; dTARGET;
284     PerlIO *fp;
285     const char * const tmps = POPpconstx;
286     const U8 gimme = GIMME_V;
287     const char *mode = "r";
288 
289     TAINT_PROPER("``");
290     if (PL_op->op_private & OPpOPEN_IN_RAW)
291 	mode = "rb";
292     else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF)
293 	mode = "rt";
294     fp = PerlProc_popen(tmps, mode);
295     if (fp) {
296         const char * const type = Perl_PerlIO_context_layers(aTHX_ NULL);
297 	if (type && *type)
298 	    PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ fp,mode,type);
299 
300 	if (gimme == G_VOID) {
301 	    char tmpbuf[256];
302 	    while (PerlIO_read(fp, tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf) > 0)
303 		NOOP;
304 	}
305 	else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
306 	    ENTER_with_name("backtick");
307 	    SAVESPTR(PL_rs);
308 	    PL_rs = &PL_sv_undef;
309             SvPVCLEAR(TARG);        /* note that this preserves previous buffer */
310 	    while (sv_gets(TARG, fp, SvCUR(TARG)) != NULL)
311 		NOOP;
312 	    LEAVE_with_name("backtick");
313 	    XPUSHs(TARG);
314 	    SvTAINTED_on(TARG);
315 	}
316 	else {
317 	    for (;;) {
318 		SV * const sv = newSV(79);
319 		if (sv_gets(sv, fp, 0) == NULL) {
320 		    SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
321 		    break;
322 		}
323 		mXPUSHs(sv);
324 		if (SvLEN(sv) - SvCUR(sv) > 20) {
325 		    SvPV_shrink_to_cur(sv);
326 		}
327 		SvTAINTED_on(sv);
328 	    }
329 	}
330 	STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET(PerlProc_pclose(fp));
331 	TAINT;		/* "I believe that this is not gratuitous!" */
332     }
333     else {
334 	STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET(-1);
335 	if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
336 	    RETPUSHUNDEF;
337     }
338 
339     RETURN;
340 }
341 
342 PP(pp_glob)
343 {
344     OP *result;
345     dSP;
346     GV * const gv = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? NULL : (GV *)POPs;
347 
348     PUTBACK;
349 
350     /* make a copy of the pattern if it is gmagical, to ensure that magic
351      * is called once and only once */
352     if (SvGMAGICAL(TOPs)) TOPs = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(TOPs));
353 
354     tryAMAGICunTARGETlist(iter_amg, (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
355 
356     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
357 	/* call Perl-level glob function instead. Stack args are:
358 	 * MARK, wildcard
359 	 * and following OPs should be: gv(CORE::GLOBAL::glob), entersub
360 	 * */
361 	return NORMAL;
362     }
363     if (PL_globhook) {
364 	PL_globhook(aTHX);
365 	return NORMAL;
366     }
367 
368     /* Note that we only ever get here if File::Glob fails to load
369      * without at the same time croaking, for some reason, or if
370      * perl was built with PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB */
371 
372     ENTER_with_name("glob");
373 
374 #ifndef VMS
375     if (TAINTING_get) {
376 	/*
377 	 * The external globbing program may use things we can't control,
378 	 * so for security reasons we must assume the worst.
379 	 */
380 	TAINT;
381 	taint_proper(PL_no_security, "glob");
382     }
383 #endif /* !VMS */
384 
385     SAVESPTR(PL_last_in_gv);	/* We don't want this to be permanent. */
386     PL_last_in_gv = gv;
387 
388     SAVESPTR(PL_rs);		/* This is not permanent, either. */
389     PL_rs = newSVpvs_flags("\000", SVs_TEMP);
390 #ifndef DOSISH
391 #ifndef CSH
392     *SvPVX(PL_rs) = '\n';
393 #endif	/* !CSH */
394 #endif	/* !DOSISH */
395 
396     result = do_readline();
397     LEAVE_with_name("glob");
398     return result;
399 }
400 
401 PP(pp_rcatline)
402 {
403     PL_last_in_gv = cGVOP_gv;
404     return do_readline();
405 }
406 
407 PP(pp_warn)
408 {
409     dSP; dMARK;
410     SV *exsv;
411     STRLEN len;
412     if (SP - MARK > 1) {
413 	dTARGET;
414 	do_join(TARG, &PL_sv_no, MARK, SP);
415 	exsv = TARG;
416 	SP = MARK + 1;
417     }
418     else if (SP == MARK) {
419 	exsv = &PL_sv_no;
420 	MEXTEND(SP, 1);
421 	SP = MARK + 1;
422     }
423     else {
424 	exsv = TOPs;
425 	if (SvGMAGICAL(exsv)) exsv = sv_mortalcopy(exsv);
426     }
427 
428     if (SvROK(exsv) || (SvPV_const(exsv, len), len)) {
429 	/* well-formed exception supplied */
430     }
431     else {
432       SV * const errsv = ERRSV;
433       SvGETMAGIC(errsv);
434       if (SvROK(errsv)) {
435 	if (SvGMAGICAL(errsv)) {
436 	    exsv = sv_newmortal();
437 	    sv_setsv_nomg(exsv, errsv);
438 	}
439 	else exsv = errsv;
440       }
441       else if (SvPOKp(errsv) ? SvCUR(errsv) : SvNIOKp(errsv)) {
442 	exsv = sv_newmortal();
443 	sv_setsv_nomg(exsv, errsv);
444 	sv_catpvs(exsv, "\t...caught");
445       }
446       else {
447 	exsv = newSVpvs_flags("Warning: something's wrong", SVs_TEMP);
448       }
449     }
450     if (SvROK(exsv) && !PL_warnhook)
451 	 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(exsv));
452     else warn_sv(exsv);
453     RETSETYES;
454 }
455 
456 PP(pp_die)
457 {
458     dSP; dMARK;
459     SV *exsv;
460     STRLEN len;
461 #ifdef VMS
462     VMSISH_HUSHED  =
463 	VMSISH_HUSHED || (PL_curcop->op_private & OPpHUSH_VMSISH);
464 #endif
465     if (SP - MARK != 1) {
466 	dTARGET;
467 	do_join(TARG, &PL_sv_no, MARK, SP);
468 	exsv = TARG;
469 	SP = MARK + 1;
470     }
471     else {
472 	exsv = TOPs;
473     }
474 
475     if (SvROK(exsv) || (SvPV_const(exsv, len), len)) {
476 	/* well-formed exception supplied */
477     }
478     else {
479 	SV * const errsv = ERRSV;
480 	SvGETMAGIC(errsv);
481 	if (SvROK(errsv)) {
482 	    exsv = errsv;
483 	    if (sv_isobject(exsv)) {
484 		HV * const stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(exsv));
485 		GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, "PROPAGATE");
486 		if (gv) {
487 		    SV * const file = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(CopFILE(PL_curcop),0));
488 		    SV * const line = sv_2mortal(newSVuv(CopLINE(PL_curcop)));
489 		    EXTEND(SP, 3);
490 		    PUSHMARK(SP);
491 		    PUSHs(exsv);
492 		    PUSHs(file);
493 		    PUSHs(line);
494 		    PUTBACK;
495 		    call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(gv)),
496 			    G_SCALAR|G_EVAL|G_KEEPERR);
497 		    exsv = sv_mortalcopy(*PL_stack_sp--);
498 		}
499 	    }
500 	}
501 	else if (SvPOK(errsv) && SvCUR(errsv)) {
502 	    exsv = sv_mortalcopy(errsv);
503 	    sv_catpvs(exsv, "\t...propagated");
504 	}
505 	else {
506 	    exsv = newSVpvs_flags("Died", SVs_TEMP);
507 	}
508     }
509     die_sv(exsv);
510     NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
511     return NULL; /* avoid missing return from non-void function warning */
512 }
513 
514 /* I/O. */
515 
516 OP *
517 Perl_tied_method(pTHX_ SV *methname, SV **sp, SV *const sv,
518 		 const MAGIC *const mg, const U32 flags, U32 argc, ...)
519 {
520     SV **orig_sp = sp;
521     I32 ret_args;
522     SSize_t extend_size;
523 
524     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TIED_METHOD;
525 
526     /* Ensure that our flag bits do not overlap.  */
527     STATIC_ASSERT_STMT((TIED_METHOD_MORTALIZE_NOT_NEEDED & G_WANT) == 0);
528     STATIC_ASSERT_STMT((TIED_METHOD_ARGUMENTS_ON_STACK & G_WANT) == 0);
529     STATIC_ASSERT_STMT((TIED_METHOD_SAY & G_WANT) == 0);
530 
531     PUTBACK; /* sp is at *foot* of args, so this pops args from old stack */
532     PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
533     /* extend for object + args. If argc might wrap/truncate when cast
534      * to SSize_t and incremented, set to -1, which will trigger a panic in
535      * EXTEND().
536      * The weird way this is written is because g++ is dumb enough to
537      * warn "comparison is always false" on something like:
538      *
539      * sizeof(a) >= sizeof(b) && a >= B_t_MAX -1
540      *
541      * (where the LH condition is false)
542      */
543     extend_size =
544         (argc > (sizeof(argc) >= sizeof(SSize_t) ? SSize_t_MAX - 1 : argc))
545             ? -1 : (SSize_t)argc + 1;
546     EXTEND(SP, extend_size);
547     PUSHMARK(sp);
548     PUSHs(SvTIED_obj(sv, mg));
549     if (flags & TIED_METHOD_ARGUMENTS_ON_STACK) {
550 	Copy(orig_sp + 2, sp + 1, argc, SV*); /* copy args to new stack */
551 	sp += argc;
552     }
553     else if (argc) {
554 	const U32 mortalize_not_needed
555 	    = flags & TIED_METHOD_MORTALIZE_NOT_NEEDED;
556 	va_list args;
557 	va_start(args, argc);
558 	do {
559 	    SV *const arg = va_arg(args, SV *);
560 	    if(mortalize_not_needed)
561 		PUSHs(arg);
562 	    else
563 		mPUSHs(arg);
564 	} while (--argc);
565 	va_end(args);
566     }
567 
568     PUTBACK;
569     ENTER_with_name("call_tied_method");
570     if (flags & TIED_METHOD_SAY) {
571 	/* local $\ = "\n" */
572 	SAVEGENERICSV(PL_ors_sv);
573 	PL_ors_sv = newSVpvs("\n");
574     }
575     ret_args = call_sv(methname, (flags & G_WANT)|G_METHOD_NAMED);
576     SPAGAIN;
577     orig_sp = sp;
578     POPSTACK;
579     SPAGAIN;
580     if (ret_args) { /* copy results back to original stack */
581 	EXTEND(sp, ret_args);
582 	Copy(orig_sp - ret_args + 1, sp + 1, ret_args, SV*);
583 	sp += ret_args;
584 	PUTBACK;
585     }
586     LEAVE_with_name("call_tied_method");
587     return NORMAL;
588 }
589 
590 #define tied_method0(a,b,c,d)		\
591     Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ a,b,c,d,G_SCALAR,0)
592 #define tied_method1(a,b,c,d,e)		\
593     Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ a,b,c,d,G_SCALAR,1,e)
594 #define tied_method2(a,b,c,d,e,f)	\
595     Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ a,b,c,d,G_SCALAR,2,e,f)
596 
597 PP(pp_open)
598 {
599     dSP;
600     dMARK; dORIGMARK;
601     dTARGET;
602     SV *sv;
603     IO *io;
604     const char *tmps;
605     STRLEN len;
606     bool  ok;
607 
608     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(*++MARK);
609 
610     if (!isGV(gv) && !(SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVLV && isGV_with_GP(gv)))
611 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "filehandle");
612 
613     if ((io = GvIOp(gv))) {
614 	const MAGIC *mg;
615 	IoFLAGS(GvIOp(gv)) &= ~IOf_UNTAINT;
616 
617 	if (IoDIRP(io))
618 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot open %" HEKf " as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle",
619 			     HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
620 
621 	mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
622 	if (mg) {
623 	    /* Method's args are same as ours ... */
624 	    /* ... except handle is replaced by the object */
625 	    return Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ SV_CONST(OPEN), mark - 1, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg,
626 				    G_SCALAR | TIED_METHOD_ARGUMENTS_ON_STACK,
627 				    sp - mark);
628 	}
629     }
630 
631     if (MARK < SP) {
632 	sv = *++MARK;
633     }
634     else {
635 	sv = GvSVn(gv);
636     }
637 
638     tmps = SvPV_const(sv, len);
639     ok = do_open6(gv, tmps, len, NULL, MARK+1, (SP-MARK));
640     SP = ORIGMARK;
641     if (ok)
642 	PUSHi( (I32)PL_forkprocess );
643     else if (PL_forkprocess == 0)		/* we are a new child */
644 	PUSHs(&PL_sv_zero);
645     else
646 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
647     RETURN;
648 }
649 
650 PP(pp_close)
651 {
652     dSP;
653     /* pp_coreargs pushes a NULL to indicate no args passed to
654      * CORE::close() */
655     GV * const gv =
656 	MAXARG == 0 || (!TOPs && !POPs) ? PL_defoutgv : MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
657 
658     if (MAXARG == 0)
659 	EXTEND(SP, 1);
660 
661     if (gv) {
662 	IO * const io = GvIO(gv);
663 	if (io) {
664 	    const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
665 	    if (mg) {
666 		return tied_method0(SV_CONST(CLOSE), SP, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg);
667 	    }
668 	}
669     }
670     PUSHs(boolSV(do_close(gv, TRUE)));
671     RETURN;
672 }
673 
674 PP(pp_pipe_op)
675 {
676 #ifdef HAS_PIPE
677     dSP;
678     IO *rstio;
679     IO *wstio;
680     int fd[2];
681 
682     GV * const wgv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
683     GV * const rgv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
684 
685     rstio = GvIOn(rgv);
686     if (IoIFP(rstio))
687 	do_close(rgv, FALSE);
688 
689     wstio = GvIOn(wgv);
690     if (IoIFP(wstio))
691 	do_close(wgv, FALSE);
692 
693     if (PerlProc_pipe_cloexec(fd) < 0)
694 	goto badexit;
695 
696     IoIFP(rstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r" PIPE_OPEN_MODE);
697     IoOFP(wstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w" PIPE_OPEN_MODE);
698     IoOFP(rstio) = IoIFP(rstio);
699     IoIFP(wstio) = IoOFP(wstio);
700     IoTYPE(rstio) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
701     IoTYPE(wstio) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
702 
703     if (!IoIFP(rstio) || !IoOFP(wstio)) {
704 	if (IoIFP(rstio))
705 	    PerlIO_close(IoIFP(rstio));
706 	else
707 	    PerlLIO_close(fd[0]);
708 	if (IoOFP(wstio))
709 	    PerlIO_close(IoOFP(wstio));
710 	else
711 	    PerlLIO_close(fd[1]);
712 	goto badexit;
713     }
714     RETPUSHYES;
715 
716   badexit:
717     RETPUSHUNDEF;
718 #else
719     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "pipe");
720 #endif
721 }
722 
723 PP(pp_fileno)
724 {
725     dSP; dTARGET;
726     GV *gv;
727     IO *io;
728     PerlIO *fp;
729     const MAGIC *mg;
730 
731     if (MAXARG < 1)
732 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
733     gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
734     io = GvIO(gv);
735 
736     if (io
737 	&& (mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar)))
738     {
739 	return tied_method0(SV_CONST(FILENO), SP, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg);
740     }
741 
742     if (io && IoDIRP(io)) {
743 #if defined(HAS_DIRFD) || defined(HAS_DIR_DD_FD)
744         PUSHi(my_dirfd(IoDIRP(io)));
745         RETURN;
746 #elif defined(ENOTSUP)
747         errno = ENOTSUP;        /* Operation not supported */
748         RETPUSHUNDEF;
749 #elif defined(EOPNOTSUPP)
750         errno = EOPNOTSUPP;     /* Operation not supported on socket */
751         RETPUSHUNDEF;
752 #else
753         errno = EINVAL;         /* Invalid argument */
754         RETPUSHUNDEF;
755 #endif
756     }
757 
758     if (!io || !(fp = IoIFP(io))) {
759 	/* Can't do this because people seem to do things like
760 	   defined(fileno($foo)) to check whether $foo is a valid fh.
761 
762 	   report_evil_fh(gv);
763 	    */
764 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
765     }
766 
767     PUSHi(PerlIO_fileno(fp));
768     RETURN;
769 }
770 
771 PP(pp_umask)
772 {
773     dSP;
774 #ifdef HAS_UMASK
775     dTARGET;
776     Mode_t anum;
777 
778     if (MAXARG < 1 || (!TOPs && !POPs)) {
779 	anum = PerlLIO_umask(022);
780 	/* setting it to 022 between the two calls to umask avoids
781 	 * to have a window where the umask is set to 0 -- meaning
782 	 * that another thread could create world-writeable files. */
783 	if (anum != 022)
784 	    (void)PerlLIO_umask(anum);
785     }
786     else
787 	anum = PerlLIO_umask(POPi);
788     TAINT_PROPER("umask");
789     XPUSHi(anum);
790 #else
791     /* Only DIE if trying to restrict permissions on "user" (self).
792      * Otherwise it's harmless and more useful to just return undef
793      * since 'group' and 'other' concepts probably don't exist here. */
794     if (MAXARG >= 1 && (TOPs||POPs) && (POPi & 0700))
795 	DIE(aTHX_ "umask not implemented");
796     XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
797 #endif
798     RETURN;
799 }
800 
801 PP(pp_binmode)
802 {
803     dSP;
804     GV *gv;
805     IO *io;
806     PerlIO *fp;
807     SV *discp = NULL;
808 
809     if (MAXARG < 1)
810 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
811     if (MAXARG > 1) {
812 	discp = POPs;
813     }
814 
815     gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
816     io = GvIO(gv);
817 
818     if (io) {
819 	const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
820 	if (mg) {
821 	    /* This takes advantage of the implementation of the varargs
822 	       function, which I don't think that the optimiser will be able to
823 	       figure out. Although, as it's a static function, in theory it
824 	       could.  */
825 	    return Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ SV_CONST(BINMODE), SP, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg,
826 				    G_SCALAR|TIED_METHOD_MORTALIZE_NOT_NEEDED,
827 				    discp ? 1 : 0, discp);
828 	}
829     }
830 
831     if (!io || !(fp = IoIFP(io))) {
832 	report_evil_fh(gv);
833 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
834         RETPUSHUNDEF;
835     }
836 
837     PUTBACK;
838     {
839 	STRLEN len = 0;
840 	const char *d = NULL;
841 	int mode;
842 	if (discp)
843 	    d = SvPV_const(discp, len);
844 	mode = mode_from_discipline(d, len);
845 	if (PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ fp, IoTYPE(io), mode, d)) {
846 	    if (IoOFP(io) && IoOFP(io) != IoIFP(io)) {
847 		if (!PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ IoOFP(io), IoTYPE(io), mode, d)) {
848 		    SPAGAIN;
849 		    RETPUSHUNDEF;
850 		}
851 	    }
852 	    SPAGAIN;
853 	    RETPUSHYES;
854 	}
855 	else {
856 	    SPAGAIN;
857 	    RETPUSHUNDEF;
858 	}
859     }
860 }
861 
862 PP(pp_tie)
863 {
864     dSP; dMARK;
865     HV* stash;
866     GV *gv = NULL;
867     SV *sv;
868     const I32 markoff = MARK - PL_stack_base;
869     const char *methname;
870     int how = PERL_MAGIC_tied;
871     U32 items;
872     SV *varsv = *++MARK;
873 
874     switch(SvTYPE(varsv)) {
875 	case SVt_PVHV:
876 	{
877 	    HE *entry;
878 	    methname = "TIEHASH";
879 	    if (HvLAZYDEL(varsv) && (entry = HvEITER((HV *)varsv))) {
880 		HvLAZYDEL_off(varsv);
881 		hv_free_ent((HV *)varsv, entry);
882 	    }
883 	    HvEITER_set(MUTABLE_HV(varsv), 0);
884 	    break;
885 	}
886 	case SVt_PVAV:
887 	    methname = "TIEARRAY";
888 	    if (!AvREAL(varsv)) {
889 		if (!AvREIFY(varsv))
890 		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot tie unreifiable array");
891 		av_clear((AV *)varsv);
892 		AvREIFY_off(varsv);
893 		AvREAL_on(varsv);
894 	    }
895 	    break;
896 	case SVt_PVGV:
897 	case SVt_PVLV:
898 	    if (isGV_with_GP(varsv) && !SvFAKE(varsv)) {
899 		methname = "TIEHANDLE";
900 		how = PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar;
901 		/* For tied filehandles, we apply tiedscalar magic to the IO
902 		   slot of the GP rather than the GV itself. AMS 20010812 */
903 		if (!GvIOp(varsv))
904 		    GvIOp(varsv) = newIO();
905 		varsv = MUTABLE_SV(GvIOp(varsv));
906 		break;
907 	    }
908 	    if (SvTYPE(varsv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(varsv) == 'y') {
909 		vivify_defelem(varsv);
910 		varsv = LvTARG(varsv);
911 	    }
912 	    /* FALLTHROUGH */
913 	default:
914 	    methname = "TIESCALAR";
915 	    how = PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar;
916 	    break;
917     }
918     items = SP - MARK++;
919     if (sv_isobject(*MARK)) { /* Calls GET magic. */
920 	ENTER_with_name("call_TIE");
921 	PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
922 	PUSHMARK(SP);
923 	EXTEND(SP,(I32)items);
924 	while (items--)
925 	    PUSHs(*MARK++);
926 	PUTBACK;
927 	call_method(methname, G_SCALAR);
928     }
929     else {
930 	/* Can't use call_method here, else this: fileno FOO; tie @a, "FOO"
931 	 * will attempt to invoke IO::File::TIEARRAY, with (best case) the
932 	 * wrong error message, and worse case, supreme action at a distance.
933 	 * (Sorry obfuscation writers. You're not going to be given this one.)
934 	 */
935        stash = gv_stashsv(*MARK, 0);
936        if (!stash) {
937            if (SvROK(*MARK))
938                DIE(aTHX_ "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%" SVf "\"",
939                    methname, SVfARG(*MARK));
940            else if (isGV(*MARK)) {
941                /* If the glob doesn't name an existing package, using
942                 * SVfARG(*MARK) would yield "*Foo::Bar" or *main::Foo. So
943                 * generate the name for the error message explicitly. */
944                SV *stashname = sv_2mortal(newSV(0));
945                gv_fullname4(stashname, (GV *) *MARK, NULL, FALSE);
946                DIE(aTHX_ "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%" SVf "\"",
947                    methname, SVfARG(stashname));
948            }
949            else {
950                SV *stashname = !SvPOK(*MARK) ? &PL_sv_no
951                              : SvCUR(*MARK)  ? *MARK
952                              :                 sv_2mortal(newSVpvs("main"));
953                DIE(aTHX_ "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
954                    " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
955                    methname, SVfARG(stashname), SVfARG(stashname));
956            }
957        }
958        else if (!(gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, methname))) {
959            /* The effective name can only be NULL for stashes that have
960             * been deleted from the symbol table, which this one can't
961             * be, since we just looked it up by name.
962             */
963            DIE(aTHX_ "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
964                methname, HvENAME_HEK_NN(stash));
965        }
966 	ENTER_with_name("call_TIE");
967 	PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
968 	PUSHMARK(SP);
969 	EXTEND(SP,(I32)items);
970 	while (items--)
971 	    PUSHs(*MARK++);
972 	PUTBACK;
973 	call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(gv)), G_SCALAR);
974     }
975     SPAGAIN;
976 
977     sv = TOPs;
978     POPSTACK;
979     if (sv_isobject(sv)) {
980 	sv_unmagic(varsv, how);
981 	/* Croak if a self-tie on an aggregate is attempted. */
982 	if (varsv == SvRV(sv) &&
983 	    (SvTYPE(varsv) == SVt_PVAV ||
984 	     SvTYPE(varsv) == SVt_PVHV))
985 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_
986 		       "Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported");
987 	sv_magic(varsv, (SvRV(sv) == varsv ? NULL : sv), how, NULL, 0);
988     }
989     LEAVE_with_name("call_TIE");
990     SP = PL_stack_base + markoff;
991     PUSHs(sv);
992     RETURN;
993 }
994 
995 
996 /* also used for: pp_dbmclose() */
997 
998 PP(pp_untie)
999 {
1000     dSP;
1001     MAGIC *mg;
1002     SV *sv = POPs;
1003     const char how = (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV || SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV)
1004 		? PERL_MAGIC_tied : PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar;
1005 
1006     if (isGV_with_GP(sv) && !SvFAKE(sv) && !(sv = MUTABLE_SV(GvIOp(sv))))
1007 	RETPUSHYES;
1008 
1009     if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(sv) == 'y' &&
1010 	!(sv = defelem_target(sv, NULL))) RETPUSHUNDEF;
1011 
1012     if ((mg = SvTIED_mg(sv, how))) {
1013 	SV * const obj = SvRV(SvTIED_obj(sv, mg));
1014         if (obj && SvSTASH(obj)) {
1015 	    GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(SvSTASH(obj), "UNTIE", FALSE);
1016 	    CV *cv;
1017 	    if (gv && isGV(gv) && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1018 	       PUSHMARK(SP);
1019 	       PUSHs(SvTIED_obj(MUTABLE_SV(gv), mg));
1020 	       mXPUSHi(SvREFCNT(obj) - 1);
1021 	       PUTBACK;
1022 	       ENTER_with_name("call_UNTIE");
1023 	       call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_VOID);
1024 	       LEAVE_with_name("call_UNTIE");
1025 	       SPAGAIN;
1026             }
1027 	    else if (mg && SvREFCNT(obj) > 1) {
1028 		Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNTIE),
1029 			       "untie attempted while %" UVuf " inner references still exist",
1030 			       (UV)SvREFCNT(obj) - 1 ) ;
1031 	    }
1032         }
1033     }
1034     sv_unmagic(sv, how) ;
1035     RETPUSHYES;
1036 }
1037 
1038 PP(pp_tied)
1039 {
1040     dSP;
1041     const MAGIC *mg;
1042     dTOPss;
1043     const char how = (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV || SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV)
1044 		? PERL_MAGIC_tied : PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar;
1045 
1046     if (isGV_with_GP(sv) && !SvFAKE(sv) && !(sv = MUTABLE_SV(GvIOp(sv))))
1047 	goto ret_undef;
1048 
1049     if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(sv) == 'y' &&
1050 	!(sv = defelem_target(sv, NULL))) goto ret_undef;
1051 
1052     if ((mg = SvTIED_mg(sv, how))) {
1053 	SETs(SvTIED_obj(sv, mg));
1054 	return NORMAL; /* PUTBACK not needed, pp_tied never moves SP */
1055     }
1056     ret_undef:
1057     SETs(&PL_sv_undef);
1058     return NORMAL;
1059 }
1060 
1061 PP(pp_dbmopen)
1062 {
1063     dSP;
1064     dPOPPOPssrl;
1065     HV* stash;
1066     GV *gv = NULL;
1067 
1068     HV * const hv = MUTABLE_HV(POPs);
1069     SV * const sv = newSVpvs_flags("AnyDBM_File", SVs_TEMP);
1070     stash = gv_stashsv(sv, 0);
1071     if (!stash || !(gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
1072 	PUTBACK;
1073 	require_pv("AnyDBM_File.pm");
1074 	SPAGAIN;
1075 	if (!stash || !(gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
1076 	    DIE(aTHX_ "No dbm on this machine");
1077     }
1078 
1079     ENTER;
1080     PUSHMARK(SP);
1081 
1082     EXTEND(SP, 5);
1083     PUSHs(sv);
1084     PUSHs(left);
1085     if (SvIV(right))
1086 	mPUSHu(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
1087     else
1088     {
1089 	mPUSHu(O_RDWR);
1090 	if (!SvOK(right)) right = &PL_sv_no;
1091     }
1092     PUSHs(right);
1093     PUTBACK;
1094     call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(gv)), G_SCALAR);
1095     SPAGAIN;
1096 
1097     if (!sv_isobject(TOPs)) {
1098 	SP--;
1099 	PUSHMARK(SP);
1100 	PUSHs(sv);
1101 	PUSHs(left);
1102 	mPUSHu(O_RDONLY);
1103 	PUSHs(right);
1104 	PUTBACK;
1105 	call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(gv)), G_SCALAR);
1106 	SPAGAIN;
1107         if (sv_isobject(TOPs))
1108             goto retie;
1109     }
1110     else {
1111         retie:
1112 	sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(hv), PERL_MAGIC_tied);
1113 	sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(hv), TOPs, PERL_MAGIC_tied, NULL, 0);
1114     }
1115     LEAVE;
1116     RETURN;
1117 }
1118 
1119 PP(pp_sselect)
1120 {
1121 #ifdef HAS_SELECT
1122     dSP; dTARGET;
1123     I32 i;
1124     I32 j;
1125     char *s;
1126     SV *sv;
1127     NV value;
1128     I32 maxlen = 0;
1129     I32 nfound;
1130     struct timeval timebuf;
1131     struct timeval *tbuf = &timebuf;
1132     I32 growsize;
1133     char *fd_sets[4];
1134     SV *svs[4];
1135 #if BYTEORDER != 0x1234 && BYTEORDER != 0x12345678
1136 	I32 masksize;
1137 	I32 offset;
1138 	I32 k;
1139 
1140 #   if BYTEORDER & 0xf0000
1141 #	define ORDERBYTE (0x88888888 - BYTEORDER)
1142 #   else
1143 #	define ORDERBYTE (0x4444 - BYTEORDER)
1144 #   endif
1145 
1146 #endif
1147 
1148     SP -= 4;
1149     for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
1150 	SV * const sv = svs[i] = SP[i];
1151 	SvGETMAGIC(sv);
1152 	if (!SvOK(sv))
1153 	    continue;
1154 	if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
1155 	    if (!(SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv) == 0))
1156 		Perl_croak_no_modify();
1157 	}
1158 	else if (SvIsCOW(sv)) sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
1159 	if (!SvPOK(sv)) {
1160 	    if (!SvPOKp(sv))
1161 		Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1162 				    "Non-string passed as bitmask");
1163 	    if (SvGAMAGIC(sv)) {
1164 		svs[i] = sv_newmortal();
1165 		sv_copypv_nomg(svs[i], sv);
1166 	    }
1167 	    else
1168 		SvPV_force_nomg_nolen(sv); /* force string conversion */
1169 	}
1170 	j = SvCUR(svs[i]);
1171 	if (maxlen < j)
1172 	    maxlen = j;
1173     }
1174 
1175 /* little endians can use vecs directly */
1176 #if BYTEORDER != 0x1234 && BYTEORDER != 0x12345678
1177 #  ifdef NFDBITS
1178 
1179 #    ifndef NBBY
1180 #     define NBBY 8
1181 #    endif
1182 
1183     masksize = NFDBITS / NBBY;
1184 #  else
1185     masksize = sizeof(long);	/* documented int, everyone seems to use long */
1186 #  endif
1187     Zero(&fd_sets[0], 4, char*);
1188 #endif
1189 
1190 #  if SELECT_MIN_BITS == 1
1191     growsize = sizeof(fd_set);
1192 #  else
1193 #   if defined(__GLIBC__) && defined(__FD_SETSIZE)
1194 #      undef SELECT_MIN_BITS
1195 #      define SELECT_MIN_BITS __FD_SETSIZE
1196 #   endif
1197     /* If SELECT_MIN_BITS is greater than one we most probably will want
1198      * to align the sizes with SELECT_MIN_BITS/8 because for example
1199      * in many little-endian (Intel, Alpha) systems (Linux, OS/2, Digital
1200      * UNIX, Solaris, Darwin) the smallest quantum select() operates
1201      * on (sets/tests/clears bits) is 32 bits.  */
1202     growsize = maxlen + (SELECT_MIN_BITS/8 - (maxlen % (SELECT_MIN_BITS/8)));
1203 #  endif
1204 
1205     sv = SP[4];
1206     SvGETMAGIC(sv);
1207     if (SvOK(sv)) {
1208 	value = SvNV_nomg(sv);
1209 	if (value < 0.0)
1210 	    value = 0.0;
1211 	timebuf.tv_sec = (long)value;
1212 	value -= (NV)timebuf.tv_sec;
1213 	timebuf.tv_usec = (long)(value * 1000000.0);
1214     }
1215     else
1216 	tbuf = NULL;
1217 
1218     for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
1219 	sv = svs[i];
1220 	if (!SvOK(sv) || SvCUR(sv) == 0) {
1221 	    fd_sets[i] = 0;
1222 	    continue;
1223 	}
1224 	assert(SvPOK(sv));
1225 	j = SvLEN(sv);
1226 	if (j < growsize) {
1227 	    Sv_Grow(sv, growsize);
1228 	}
1229 	j = SvCUR(sv);
1230 	s = SvPVX(sv) + j;
1231 	while (++j <= growsize) {
1232 	    *s++ = '\0';
1233 	}
1234 
1235 #if BYTEORDER != 0x1234 && BYTEORDER != 0x12345678
1236 	s = SvPVX(sv);
1237 	Newx(fd_sets[i], growsize, char);
1238 	for (offset = 0; offset < growsize; offset += masksize) {
1239 	    for (j = 0, k=ORDERBYTE; j < masksize; j++, (k >>= 4))
1240 		fd_sets[i][j+offset] = s[(k % masksize) + offset];
1241 	}
1242 #else
1243 	fd_sets[i] = SvPVX(sv);
1244 #endif
1245     }
1246 
1247 #ifdef PERL_IRIX5_SELECT_TIMEVAL_VOID_CAST
1248     /* Can't make just the (void*) conditional because that would be
1249      * cpp #if within cpp macro, and not all compilers like that. */
1250     nfound = PerlSock_select(
1251 	maxlen * 8,
1252 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[1],
1253 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[2],
1254 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[3],
1255 	(void*) tbuf); /* Workaround for compiler bug. */
1256 #else
1257     nfound = PerlSock_select(
1258 	maxlen * 8,
1259 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[1],
1260 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[2],
1261 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[3],
1262 	tbuf);
1263 #endif
1264     for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
1265 	if (fd_sets[i]) {
1266 	    sv = svs[i];
1267 #if BYTEORDER != 0x1234 && BYTEORDER != 0x12345678
1268 	    s = SvPVX(sv);
1269 	    for (offset = 0; offset < growsize; offset += masksize) {
1270 		for (j = 0, k=ORDERBYTE; j < masksize; j++, (k >>= 4))
1271 		    s[(k % masksize) + offset] = fd_sets[i][j+offset];
1272 	    }
1273 	    Safefree(fd_sets[i]);
1274 #endif
1275 	    if (sv != SP[i])
1276 		SvSetMagicSV(SP[i], sv);
1277 	    else
1278 		SvSETMAGIC(sv);
1279 	}
1280     }
1281 
1282     PUSHi(nfound);
1283     if (GIMME_V == G_ARRAY && tbuf) {
1284 	value = (NV)(timebuf.tv_sec) +
1285 		(NV)(timebuf.tv_usec) / 1000000.0;
1286 	mPUSHn(value);
1287     }
1288     RETURN;
1289 #else
1290     DIE(aTHX_ "select not implemented");
1291 #endif
1292 }
1293 
1294 /*
1295 
1296 =head1 GV Functions
1297 
1298 =for apidoc setdefout
1299 
1300 Sets C<PL_defoutgv>, the default file handle for output, to the passed in
1301 typeglob.  As C<PL_defoutgv> "owns" a reference on its typeglob, the reference
1302 count of the passed in typeglob is increased by one, and the reference count
1303 of the typeglob that C<PL_defoutgv> points to is decreased by one.
1304 
1305 =cut
1306 */
1307 
1308 void
1309 Perl_setdefout(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1310 {
1311     GV *oldgv = PL_defoutgv;
1312 
1313     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SETDEFOUT;
1314 
1315     SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
1316     PL_defoutgv = gv;
1317     SvREFCNT_dec(oldgv);
1318 }
1319 
1320 PP(pp_select)
1321 {
1322     dSP; dTARGET;
1323     HV *hv;
1324     GV * const newdefout = (PL_op->op_private > 0) ? (MUTABLE_GV(POPs)) : NULL;
1325     GV * egv = GvEGVx(PL_defoutgv);
1326     GV * const *gvp;
1327 
1328     if (!egv)
1329 	egv = PL_defoutgv;
1330     hv = isGV_with_GP(egv) ? GvSTASH(egv) : NULL;
1331     gvp = hv && HvENAME(hv)
1332 		? (GV**)hv_fetch(hv, GvNAME(egv), HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(egv)) ? -GvNAMELEN(egv) : GvNAMELEN(egv), FALSE)
1333 		: NULL;
1334     if (gvp && *gvp == egv) {
1335 	    gv_efullname4(TARG, PL_defoutgv, NULL, TRUE);
1336 	    XPUSHTARG;
1337     }
1338     else {
1339 	    mXPUSHs(newRV(MUTABLE_SV(egv)));
1340     }
1341 
1342     if (newdefout) {
1343 	if (!GvIO(newdefout))
1344 	    gv_IOadd(newdefout);
1345 	setdefout(newdefout);
1346     }
1347 
1348     RETURN;
1349 }
1350 
1351 PP(pp_getc)
1352 {
1353     dSP; dTARGET;
1354     /* pp_coreargs pushes a NULL to indicate no args passed to
1355      * CORE::getc() */
1356     GV * const gv =
1357 	MAXARG==0 || (!TOPs && !POPs) ? PL_stdingv : MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
1358     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
1359 
1360     if (MAXARG == 0)
1361 	EXTEND(SP, 1);
1362 
1363     if (io) {
1364 	const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
1365 	if (mg) {
1366 	    const U8 gimme = GIMME_V;
1367 	    Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ SV_CONST(GETC), SP, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg, gimme, 0);
1368 	    if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
1369 		SPAGAIN;
1370 		SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(TARG, TOPs);
1371 	    }
1372 	    return NORMAL;
1373 	}
1374     }
1375     if (!gv || do_eof(gv)) { /* make sure we have fp with something */
1376 	if (!io || (!IoIFP(io) && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_WRONLY))
1377 	    report_evil_fh(gv);
1378 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1379 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
1380     }
1381     TAINT;
1382     sv_setpvs(TARG, " ");
1383     *SvPVX(TARG) = PerlIO_getc(IoIFP(GvIOp(gv))); /* should never be EOF */
1384     if (PerlIO_isutf8(IoIFP(GvIOp(gv)))) {
1385 	/* Find out how many bytes the char needs */
1386 	Size_t len = UTF8SKIP(SvPVX_const(TARG));
1387 	if (len > 1) {
1388 	    SvGROW(TARG,len+1);
1389 	    len = PerlIO_read(IoIFP(GvIOp(gv)),SvPVX(TARG)+1,len-1);
1390 	    SvCUR_set(TARG,1+len);
1391 	}
1392 	SvUTF8_on(TARG);
1393     }
1394     else SvUTF8_off(TARG);
1395     PUSHTARG;
1396     RETURN;
1397 }
1398 
1399 STATIC OP *
1400 S_doform(pTHX_ CV *cv, GV *gv, OP *retop)
1401 {
1402     PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
1403     const U8 gimme = GIMME_V;
1404 
1405     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFORM;
1406 
1407     if (CvCLONE(cv))
1408 	cv = MUTABLE_CV(sv_2mortal(MUTABLE_SV(cv_clone(cv))));
1409 
1410     cx = cx_pushblock(CXt_FORMAT, gimme, PL_stack_sp, PL_savestack_ix);
1411     cx_pushformat(cx, cv, retop, gv);
1412     if (CvDEPTH(cv) >= 2)
1413 	pad_push(CvPADLIST(cv), CvDEPTH(cv));
1414     PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(CvPADLIST(cv), CvDEPTH(cv));
1415 
1416     setdefout(gv);	    /* locally select filehandle so $% et al work */
1417     return CvSTART(cv);
1418 }
1419 
1420 PP(pp_enterwrite)
1421 {
1422     dSP;
1423     GV *gv;
1424     IO *io;
1425     GV *fgv;
1426     CV *cv = NULL;
1427 
1428     if (MAXARG == 0) {
1429 	EXTEND(SP, 1);
1430 	gv = PL_defoutgv;
1431     }
1432     else {
1433 	gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
1434 	if (!gv)
1435 	    gv = PL_defoutgv;
1436     }
1437     io = GvIO(gv);
1438     if (!io) {
1439 	RETPUSHNO;
1440     }
1441     if (IoFMT_GV(io))
1442 	fgv = IoFMT_GV(io);
1443     else
1444 	fgv = gv;
1445 
1446     assert(fgv);
1447 
1448     cv = GvFORM(fgv);
1449     if (!cv) {
1450         SV * const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
1451 	gv_efullname4(tmpsv, fgv, NULL, FALSE);
1452 	DIE(aTHX_ "Undefined format \"%" SVf "\" called", SVfARG(tmpsv));
1453     }
1454     IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_DIDTOP;
1455     RETURNOP(doform(cv,gv,PL_op->op_next));
1456 }
1457 
1458 PP(pp_leavewrite)
1459 {
1460     dSP;
1461     GV * const gv = CX_CUR()->blk_format.gv;
1462     IO * const io = GvIOp(gv);
1463     PerlIO *ofp;
1464     PerlIO *fp;
1465     PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
1466     OP *retop;
1467     bool is_return = cBOOL(PL_op->op_type == OP_RETURN);
1468 
1469     if (is_return || !io || !(ofp = IoOFP(io)))
1470         goto forget_top;
1471 
1472     DEBUG_f(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "left=%ld, todo=%ld\n",
1473 	  (long)IoLINES_LEFT(io), (long)FmLINES(PL_formtarget)));
1474 
1475     if (IoLINES_LEFT(io) < FmLINES(PL_formtarget) &&
1476 	PL_formtarget != PL_toptarget)
1477     {
1478 	GV *fgv;
1479 	CV *cv;
1480 	if (!IoTOP_GV(io)) {
1481 	    GV *topgv;
1482 
1483 	    if (!IoTOP_NAME(io)) {
1484 		SV *topname;
1485 		if (!IoFMT_NAME(io))
1486 		    IoFMT_NAME(io) = savepv(GvNAME(gv));
1487 		topname = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%" HEKf "_TOP",
1488                                         HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
1489 		topgv = gv_fetchsv(topname, 0, SVt_PVFM);
1490 		if ((topgv && GvFORM(topgv)) ||
1491 		  !gv_fetchpvs("top", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVFM))
1492 		    IoTOP_NAME(io) = savesvpv(topname);
1493 		else
1494 		    IoTOP_NAME(io) = savepvs("top");
1495 	    }
1496 	    topgv = gv_fetchpv(IoTOP_NAME(io), 0, SVt_PVFM);
1497 	    if (!topgv || !GvFORM(topgv)) {
1498 		IoLINES_LEFT(io) = IoPAGE_LEN(io);
1499 		goto forget_top;
1500 	    }
1501 	    IoTOP_GV(io) = topgv;
1502 	}
1503 	if (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_DIDTOP) {	/* Oh dear.  It still doesn't fit. */
1504 	    I32 lines = IoLINES_LEFT(io);
1505 	    const char *s = SvPVX_const(PL_formtarget);
1506             const char *e = SvEND(PL_formtarget);
1507 	    if (lines <= 0)		/* Yow, header didn't even fit!!! */
1508 		goto forget_top;
1509 	    while (lines-- > 0) {
1510 		s = (char *) memchr(s, '\n', e - s);
1511 		if (!s)
1512 		    break;
1513 		s++;
1514 	    }
1515 	    if (s) {
1516 		const STRLEN save = SvCUR(PL_formtarget);
1517 		SvCUR_set(PL_formtarget, s - SvPVX_const(PL_formtarget));
1518 		do_print(PL_formtarget, ofp);
1519 		SvCUR_set(PL_formtarget, save);
1520 		sv_chop(PL_formtarget, s);
1521 		FmLINES(PL_formtarget) -= IoLINES_LEFT(io);
1522 	    }
1523 	}
1524 	if (IoLINES_LEFT(io) >= 0 && IoPAGE(io) > 0)
1525 	    do_print(GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("\f", GV_ADD, SVt_PV)), ofp);
1526 	IoLINES_LEFT(io) = IoPAGE_LEN(io);
1527 	IoPAGE(io)++;
1528 	PL_formtarget = PL_toptarget;
1529 	IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_DIDTOP;
1530 	fgv = IoTOP_GV(io);
1531 	assert(fgv); /* IoTOP_GV(io) should have been set above */
1532 	cv = GvFORM(fgv);
1533 	if (!cv) {
1534 	    SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1535 	    gv_efullname4(sv, fgv, NULL, FALSE);
1536 	    DIE(aTHX_ "Undefined top format \"%" SVf "\" called", SVfARG(sv));
1537 	}
1538 	return doform(cv, gv, PL_op);
1539     }
1540 
1541   forget_top:
1542     cx = CX_CUR();
1543     assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_FORMAT);
1544     SP = PL_stack_base + cx->blk_oldsp; /* ignore retval of formline */
1545     CX_LEAVE_SCOPE(cx);
1546     cx_popformat(cx);
1547     cx_popblock(cx);
1548     retop = cx->blk_sub.retop;
1549     CX_POP(cx);
1550 
1551     EXTEND(SP, 1);
1552 
1553     if (is_return)
1554         /* XXX the semantics of doing 'return' in a format aren't documented.
1555          * Currently we ignore any args to 'return' and just return
1556          * a single undef in both scalar and list contexts
1557          */
1558 	PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
1559     else if (!io || !(fp = IoOFP(io))) {
1560 	if (io && IoIFP(io))
1561 	    report_wrongway_fh(gv, '<');
1562 	else
1563 	    report_evil_fh(gv);
1564 	PUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
1565     }
1566     else {
1567 	if ((IoLINES_LEFT(io) -= FmLINES(PL_formtarget)) < 0) {
1568 	    Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO), "page overflow");
1569 	}
1570 	if (!do_print(PL_formtarget, fp))
1571 	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
1572 	else {
1573 	    FmLINES(PL_formtarget) = 0;
1574 	    SvCUR_set(PL_formtarget, 0);
1575 	    *SvEND(PL_formtarget) = '\0';
1576 	    if (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FLUSH)
1577 		(void)PerlIO_flush(fp);
1578 	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
1579 	}
1580     }
1581     PL_formtarget = PL_bodytarget;
1582     RETURNOP(retop);
1583 }
1584 
1585 PP(pp_prtf)
1586 {
1587     dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
1588     PerlIO *fp;
1589 
1590     GV * const gv
1591 	= (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) ? MUTABLE_GV(*++MARK) : PL_defoutgv;
1592     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
1593 
1594     /* Treat empty list as "" */
1595     if (MARK == SP) XPUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
1596 
1597     if (io) {
1598 	const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
1599 	if (mg) {
1600 	    if (MARK == ORIGMARK) {
1601 		MEXTEND(SP, 1);
1602 		++MARK;
1603 		Move(MARK, MARK + 1, (SP - MARK) + 1, SV*);
1604 		++SP;
1605 	    }
1606 	    return Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ SV_CONST(PRINTF), mark - 1, MUTABLE_SV(io),
1607 				    mg,
1608 				    G_SCALAR | TIED_METHOD_ARGUMENTS_ON_STACK,
1609 				    sp - mark);
1610 	}
1611     }
1612 
1613     if (!io) {
1614 	report_evil_fh(gv);
1615 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1616 	goto just_say_no;
1617     }
1618     else if (!(fp = IoOFP(io))) {
1619 	if (IoIFP(io))
1620 	    report_wrongway_fh(gv, '<');
1621 	else if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
1622 	    report_evil_fh(gv);
1623 	SETERRNO(EBADF,IoIFP(io)?RMS_FAC:RMS_IFI);
1624 	goto just_say_no;
1625     }
1626     else {
1627 	SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
1628 	do_sprintf(sv, SP - MARK, MARK + 1);
1629 	if (!do_print(sv, fp))
1630 	    goto just_say_no;
1631 
1632 	if (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FLUSH)
1633 	    if (PerlIO_flush(fp) == EOF)
1634 		goto just_say_no;
1635     }
1636     SP = ORIGMARK;
1637     PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
1638     RETURN;
1639 
1640   just_say_no:
1641     SP = ORIGMARK;
1642     PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
1643     RETURN;
1644 }
1645 
1646 PP(pp_sysopen)
1647 {
1648     dSP;
1649     const int perm = (MAXARG > 3 && (TOPs || POPs)) ? POPi : 0666;
1650     const int mode = POPi;
1651     SV * const sv = POPs;
1652     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
1653     STRLEN len;
1654 
1655     /* Need TIEHANDLE method ? */
1656     const char * const tmps = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1657     if (do_open_raw(gv, tmps, len, mode, perm, NULL)) {
1658 	IoLINES(GvIOp(gv)) = 0;
1659 	PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
1660     }
1661     else {
1662 	PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
1663     }
1664     RETURN;
1665 }
1666 
1667 
1668 /* also used for: pp_read() and pp_recv() (where supported) */
1669 
1670 PP(pp_sysread)
1671 {
1672     dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
1673     SSize_t offset;
1674     IO *io;
1675     char *buffer;
1676     STRLEN orig_size;
1677     SSize_t length;
1678     SSize_t count;
1679     SV *bufsv;
1680     STRLEN blen;
1681     int fp_utf8;
1682     int buffer_utf8;
1683     SV *read_target;
1684     Size_t got = 0;
1685     Size_t wanted;
1686     bool charstart = FALSE;
1687     STRLEN charskip = 0;
1688     STRLEN skip = 0;
1689     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(*++MARK);
1690     int fd;
1691 
1692     if ((PL_op->op_type == OP_READ || PL_op->op_type == OP_SYSREAD)
1693 	&& gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) )
1694     {
1695 	const MAGIC *const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
1696 	if (mg) {
1697 	    return Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ SV_CONST(READ), mark - 1, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg,
1698 				    G_SCALAR | TIED_METHOD_ARGUMENTS_ON_STACK,
1699 				    sp - mark);
1700 	}
1701     }
1702 
1703     if (!gv)
1704 	goto say_undef;
1705     bufsv = *++MARK;
1706     if (! SvOK(bufsv))
1707         SvPVCLEAR(bufsv);
1708     length = SvIVx(*++MARK);
1709     if (length < 0)
1710 	DIE(aTHX_ "Negative length");
1711     SETERRNO(0,0);
1712     if (MARK < SP)
1713 	offset = SvIVx(*++MARK);
1714     else
1715 	offset = 0;
1716     io = GvIO(gv);
1717     if (!io || !IoIFP(io)) {
1718 	report_evil_fh(gv);
1719 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1720 	goto say_undef;
1721     }
1722 
1723     /* Note that fd can here validly be -1, don't check it yet. */
1724     fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
1725 
1726     if ((fp_utf8 = PerlIO_isutf8(IoIFP(io))) && !IN_BYTES) {
1727         if (PL_op->op_type == OP_SYSREAD || PL_op->op_type == OP_RECV) {
1728             Perl_croak(aTHX_
1729                        "%s() isn't allowed on :utf8 handles",
1730                        OP_DESC(PL_op));
1731         }
1732 	buffer = SvPVutf8_force(bufsv, blen);
1733 	/* UTF-8 may not have been set if they are all low bytes */
1734 	SvUTF8_on(bufsv);
1735 	buffer_utf8 = 0;
1736     }
1737     else {
1738 	buffer = SvPV_force(bufsv, blen);
1739 	buffer_utf8 = DO_UTF8(bufsv);
1740     }
1741     if (DO_UTF8(bufsv)) {
1742 	blen = sv_len_utf8_nomg(bufsv);
1743     }
1744 
1745     charstart = TRUE;
1746     charskip  = 0;
1747     skip = 0;
1748     wanted = length;
1749 
1750 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
1751     if (PL_op->op_type == OP_RECV) {
1752 	Sock_size_t bufsize;
1753 	char namebuf[MAXPATHLEN];
1754         if (fd < 0) {
1755             SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
1756             goto say_undef;
1757         }
1758 #if (defined(VMS_DO_SOCKETS) && defined(DECCRTL_SOCKETS)) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
1759 	bufsize = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
1760 #else
1761 	bufsize = sizeof namebuf;
1762 #endif
1763 #ifdef OS2	/* At least Warp3+IAK: only the first byte of bufsize set */
1764 	if (bufsize >= 256)
1765 	    bufsize = 255;
1766 #endif
1767 	buffer = SvGROW(bufsv, (STRLEN)(length+1));
1768 	/* 'offset' means 'flags' here */
1769 	count = PerlSock_recvfrom(fd, buffer, length, offset,
1770 				  (struct sockaddr *)namebuf, &bufsize);
1771 	if (count < 0)
1772             goto say_undef;
1773 	/* MSG_TRUNC can give oversized count; quietly lose it */
1774 	if (count > length)
1775 	    count = length;
1776 	SvCUR_set(bufsv, count);
1777 	*SvEND(bufsv) = '\0';
1778 	(void)SvPOK_only(bufsv);
1779 	if (fp_utf8)
1780 	    SvUTF8_on(bufsv);
1781 	SvSETMAGIC(bufsv);
1782 	/* This should not be marked tainted if the fp is marked clean */
1783 	if (!(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_UNTAINT))
1784 	    SvTAINTED_on(bufsv);
1785 	SP = ORIGMARK;
1786 #if defined(__CYGWIN__)
1787         /* recvfrom() on cygwin doesn't set bufsize at all for
1788            connected sockets, leaving us with trash in the returned
1789            name, so use the same test as the Win32 code to check if it
1790            wasn't set, and set it [perl #118843] */
1791         if (bufsize == sizeof namebuf)
1792             bufsize = 0;
1793 #endif
1794 	sv_setpvn(TARG, namebuf, bufsize);
1795 	PUSHs(TARG);
1796 	RETURN;
1797     }
1798 #endif
1799     if (offset < 0) {
1800 	if (-offset > (SSize_t)blen)
1801 	    DIE(aTHX_ "Offset outside string");
1802 	offset += blen;
1803     }
1804     if (DO_UTF8(bufsv)) {
1805 	/* convert offset-as-chars to offset-as-bytes */
1806 	if (offset >= (SSize_t)blen)
1807 	    offset += SvCUR(bufsv) - blen;
1808 	else
1809 	    offset = utf8_hop((U8 *)buffer,offset) - (U8 *) buffer;
1810     }
1811 
1812  more_bytes:
1813     /* Reestablish the fd in case it shifted from underneath us. */
1814     fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
1815 
1816     orig_size = SvCUR(bufsv);
1817     /* Allocating length + offset + 1 isn't perfect in the case of reading
1818        bytes from a byte file handle into a UTF8 buffer, but it won't harm us
1819        unduly.
1820        (should be 2 * length + offset + 1, or possibly something longer if
1821        IN_ENCODING Is true) */
1822     buffer  = SvGROW(bufsv, (STRLEN)(length+offset+1));
1823     if (offset > 0 && offset > (SSize_t)orig_size) { /* Zero any newly allocated space */
1824     	Zero(buffer+orig_size, offset-orig_size, char);
1825     }
1826     buffer = buffer + offset;
1827     if (!buffer_utf8) {
1828 	read_target = bufsv;
1829     } else {
1830 	/* Best to read the bytes into a new SV, upgrade that to UTF8, then
1831 	   concatenate it to the current buffer.  */
1832 
1833 	/* Truncate the existing buffer to the start of where we will be
1834 	   reading to:  */
1835 	SvCUR_set(bufsv, offset);
1836 
1837 	read_target = sv_newmortal();
1838 	SvUPGRADE(read_target, SVt_PV);
1839 	buffer = SvGROW(read_target, (STRLEN)(length + 1));
1840     }
1841 
1842     if (PL_op->op_type == OP_SYSREAD) {
1843 #ifdef PERL_SOCK_SYSREAD_IS_RECV
1844 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET) {
1845             if (fd < 0) {
1846                 SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
1847                 count = -1;
1848             }
1849             else
1850                 count = PerlSock_recv(fd, buffer, length, 0);
1851 	}
1852 	else
1853 #endif
1854 	{
1855             if (fd < 0) {
1856                 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1857                 count = -1;
1858             }
1859             else
1860                 count = PerlLIO_read(fd, buffer, length);
1861 	}
1862     }
1863     else
1864     {
1865 	count = PerlIO_read(IoIFP(io), buffer, length);
1866 	/* PerlIO_read() - like fread() returns 0 on both error and EOF */
1867 	if (count == 0 && PerlIO_error(IoIFP(io)))
1868 	    count = -1;
1869     }
1870     if (count < 0) {
1871 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY)
1872 	    report_wrongway_fh(gv, '>');
1873 	goto say_undef;
1874     }
1875     SvCUR_set(read_target, count+(buffer - SvPVX_const(read_target)));
1876     *SvEND(read_target) = '\0';
1877     (void)SvPOK_only(read_target);
1878     if (fp_utf8 && !IN_BYTES) {
1879 	/* Look at utf8 we got back and count the characters */
1880 	const char *bend = buffer + count;
1881 	while (buffer < bend) {
1882 	    if (charstart) {
1883 	        skip = UTF8SKIP(buffer);
1884 		charskip = 0;
1885 	    }
1886 	    if (buffer - charskip + skip > bend) {
1887 		/* partial character - try for rest of it */
1888 		length = skip - (bend-buffer);
1889 		offset = bend - SvPVX_const(bufsv);
1890 		charstart = FALSE;
1891 		charskip += count;
1892 		goto more_bytes;
1893 	    }
1894 	    else {
1895 		got++;
1896 		buffer += skip;
1897 		charstart = TRUE;
1898 		charskip  = 0;
1899 	    }
1900         }
1901 	/* If we have not 'got' the number of _characters_ we 'wanted' get some more
1902 	   provided amount read (count) was what was requested (length)
1903 	 */
1904 	if (got < wanted && count == length) {
1905 	    length = wanted - got;
1906 	    offset = bend - SvPVX_const(bufsv);
1907 	    goto more_bytes;
1908 	}
1909 	/* return value is character count */
1910 	count = got;
1911 	SvUTF8_on(bufsv);
1912     }
1913     else if (buffer_utf8) {
1914 	/* Let svcatsv upgrade the bytes we read in to utf8.
1915 	   The buffer is a mortal so will be freed soon.  */
1916 	sv_catsv_nomg(bufsv, read_target);
1917     }
1918     SvSETMAGIC(bufsv);
1919     /* This should not be marked tainted if the fp is marked clean */
1920     if (!(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_UNTAINT))
1921 	SvTAINTED_on(bufsv);
1922     SP = ORIGMARK;
1923     PUSHi(count);
1924     RETURN;
1925 
1926   say_undef:
1927     SP = ORIGMARK;
1928     RETPUSHUNDEF;
1929 }
1930 
1931 
1932 /* also used for: pp_send() where defined */
1933 
1934 PP(pp_syswrite)
1935 {
1936     dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
1937     SV *bufsv;
1938     const char *buffer;
1939     SSize_t retval;
1940     STRLEN blen;
1941     const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
1942     bool doing_utf8;
1943     U8 *tmpbuf = NULL;
1944     GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(*++MARK);
1945     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
1946     int fd;
1947 
1948     if (op_type == OP_SYSWRITE && io) {
1949 	const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
1950 	if (mg) {
1951 	    if (MARK == SP - 1) {
1952 		SV *sv = *SP;
1953 		mXPUSHi(sv_len(sv));
1954 		PUTBACK;
1955 	    }
1956 
1957 	    return Perl_tied_method(aTHX_ SV_CONST(WRITE), mark - 1, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg,
1958 				    G_SCALAR | TIED_METHOD_ARGUMENTS_ON_STACK,
1959 				    sp - mark);
1960 	}
1961     }
1962     if (!gv)
1963 	goto say_undef;
1964 
1965     bufsv = *++MARK;
1966 
1967     SETERRNO(0,0);
1968     if (!io || !IoIFP(io) || IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDONLY) {
1969 	retval = -1;
1970 	if (io && IoIFP(io))
1971 	    report_wrongway_fh(gv, '<');
1972 	else
1973 	    report_evil_fh(gv);
1974 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1975 	goto say_undef;
1976     }
1977     fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
1978     if (fd < 0) {
1979         SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
1980         retval = -1;
1981         goto say_undef;
1982     }
1983 
1984     /* Do this first to trigger any overloading.  */
1985     buffer = SvPV_const(bufsv, blen);
1986     doing_utf8 = DO_UTF8(bufsv);
1987 
1988     if (PerlIO_isutf8(IoIFP(io))) {
1989         Perl_croak(aTHX_
1990                    "%s() isn't allowed on :utf8 handles",
1991                    OP_DESC(PL_op));
1992     }
1993     else if (doing_utf8) {
1994 	STRLEN tmplen = blen;
1995 	U8 * const result = bytes_from_utf8((const U8*) buffer, &tmplen, &doing_utf8);
1996 	if (!doing_utf8) {
1997 	    tmpbuf = result;
1998 	    buffer = (char *) tmpbuf;
1999 	    blen = tmplen;
2000 	}
2001 	else {
2002 	    assert((char *)result == buffer);
2003 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character in %s", OP_DESC(PL_op));
2004 	}
2005     }
2006 
2007 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
2008     if (op_type == OP_SEND) {
2009 	const int flags = SvIVx(*++MARK);
2010 	if (SP > MARK) {
2011 	    STRLEN mlen;
2012 	    char * const sockbuf = SvPVx(*++MARK, mlen);
2013 	    retval = PerlSock_sendto(fd, buffer, blen,
2014 				     flags, (struct sockaddr *)sockbuf, mlen);
2015 	}
2016 	else {
2017 	    retval = PerlSock_send(fd, buffer, blen, flags);
2018 	}
2019     }
2020     else
2021 #endif
2022     {
2023 	Size_t length = 0; /* This length is in characters.  */
2024 	IV offset;
2025 
2026 	if (MARK >= SP) {
2027 	    length = blen;
2028 	} else {
2029 #if Size_t_size > IVSIZE
2030 	    length = (Size_t)SvNVx(*++MARK);
2031 #else
2032 	    length = (Size_t)SvIVx(*++MARK);
2033 #endif
2034 	    if ((SSize_t)length < 0) {
2035 		Safefree(tmpbuf);
2036 		DIE(aTHX_ "Negative length");
2037 	    }
2038 	}
2039 
2040 	if (MARK < SP) {
2041 	    offset = SvIVx(*++MARK);
2042 	    if (offset < 0) {
2043 		if (-offset > (IV)blen) {
2044 		    Safefree(tmpbuf);
2045 		    DIE(aTHX_ "Offset outside string");
2046 		}
2047 		offset += blen;
2048 	    } else if (offset > (IV)blen) {
2049 		Safefree(tmpbuf);
2050 		DIE(aTHX_ "Offset outside string");
2051 	    }
2052 	} else
2053 	    offset = 0;
2054 	if (length > blen - offset)
2055 	    length = blen - offset;
2056         buffer = buffer+offset;
2057 
2058 #ifdef PERL_SOCK_SYSWRITE_IS_SEND
2059 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET) {
2060 	    retval = PerlSock_send(fd, buffer, length, 0);
2061 	}
2062 	else
2063 #endif
2064 	{
2065 	    /* See the note at doio.c:do_print about filesize limits. --jhi */
2066             retval = PerlLIO_write(fd, buffer, length);
2067 	}
2068     }
2069 
2070     if (retval < 0)
2071 	goto say_undef;
2072     SP = ORIGMARK;
2073 
2074     Safefree(tmpbuf);
2075 #if Size_t_size > IVSIZE
2076     PUSHn(retval);
2077 #else
2078     PUSHi(retval);
2079 #endif
2080     RETURN;
2081 
2082   say_undef:
2083     Safefree(tmpbuf);
2084     SP = ORIGMARK;
2085     RETPUSHUNDEF;
2086 }
2087 
2088 PP(pp_eof)
2089 {
2090     dSP;
2091     GV *gv;
2092     IO *io;
2093     const MAGIC *mg;
2094     /*
2095      * in Perl 5.12 and later, the additional parameter is a bitmask:
2096      * 0 = eof
2097      * 1 = eof(FH)
2098      * 2 = eof()  <- ARGV magic
2099      *
2100      * I'll rely on the compiler's trace flow analysis to decide whether to
2101      * actually assign this out here, or punt it into the only block where it is
2102      * used. Doing it out here is DRY on the condition logic.
2103      */
2104     unsigned int which;
2105 
2106     if (MAXARG) {
2107 	gv = PL_last_in_gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);	/* eof(FH) */
2108 	which = 1;
2109     }
2110     else {
2111 	EXTEND(SP, 1);
2112 
2113 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2114 	    gv = PL_last_in_gv = GvEGVx(PL_argvgv);	/* eof() - ARGV magic */
2115 	    which = 2;
2116 	}
2117 	else {
2118 	    gv = PL_last_in_gv;			/* eof */
2119 	    which = 0;
2120 	}
2121     }
2122 
2123     if (!gv)
2124 	RETPUSHYES;
2125 
2126     if ((io = GvIO(gv)) && (mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar))) {
2127 	return tied_method1(SV_CONST(EOF), SP, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg, newSVuv(which));
2128     }
2129 
2130     if (!MAXARG && (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {	/* eof() */
2131 	if (io && !IoIFP(io)) {
2132 	    if ((IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_START) && av_tindex(GvAVn(gv)) < 0) {
2133 		SV ** svp;
2134 		IoLINES(io) = 0;
2135 		IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_START;
2136 		do_open6(gv, "-", 1, NULL, NULL, 0);
2137 		svp = &GvSV(gv);
2138 		if (*svp) {
2139 		    SV * sv = *svp;
2140 		    sv_setpvs(sv, "-");
2141 		    SvSETMAGIC(sv);
2142 		}
2143 		else
2144 		    *svp = newSVpvs("-");
2145 	    }
2146 	    else if (!nextargv(gv, FALSE))
2147 		RETPUSHYES;
2148 	}
2149     }
2150 
2151     PUSHs(boolSV(do_eof(gv)));
2152     RETURN;
2153 }
2154 
2155 PP(pp_tell)
2156 {
2157     dSP; dTARGET;
2158     GV *gv;
2159     IO *io;
2160 
2161     if (MAXARG != 0 && (TOPs || POPs))
2162 	PL_last_in_gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2163     else
2164 	EXTEND(SP, 1);
2165     gv = PL_last_in_gv;
2166 
2167     io = GvIO(gv);
2168     if (io) {
2169 	const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
2170 	if (mg) {
2171 	    return tied_method0(SV_CONST(TELL), SP, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg);
2172 	}
2173     }
2174     else if (!gv) {
2175 	if (!errno)
2176 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2177 	PUSHi(-1);
2178 	RETURN;
2179     }
2180 
2181 #if LSEEKSIZE > IVSIZE
2182     PUSHn( do_tell(gv) );
2183 #else
2184     PUSHi( do_tell(gv) );
2185 #endif
2186     RETURN;
2187 }
2188 
2189 
2190 /* also used for: pp_seek() */
2191 
2192 PP(pp_sysseek)
2193 {
2194     dSP;
2195     const int whence = POPi;
2196 #if LSEEKSIZE > IVSIZE
2197     const Off_t offset = (Off_t)SvNVx(POPs);
2198 #else
2199     const Off_t offset = (Off_t)SvIVx(POPs);
2200 #endif
2201 
2202     GV * const gv = PL_last_in_gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2203     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
2204 
2205     if (io) {
2206 	const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar);
2207 	if (mg) {
2208 #if LSEEKSIZE > IVSIZE
2209 	    SV *const offset_sv = newSVnv((NV) offset);
2210 #else
2211 	    SV *const offset_sv = newSViv(offset);
2212 #endif
2213 
2214 	    return tied_method2(SV_CONST(SEEK), SP, MUTABLE_SV(io), mg, offset_sv,
2215 				newSViv(whence));
2216 	}
2217     }
2218 
2219     if (PL_op->op_type == OP_SEEK)
2220 	PUSHs(boolSV(do_seek(gv, offset, whence)));
2221     else {
2222 	const Off_t sought = do_sysseek(gv, offset, whence);
2223         if (sought < 0)
2224             PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
2225         else {
2226             SV* const sv = sought ?
2227 #if LSEEKSIZE > IVSIZE
2228                 newSVnv((NV)sought)
2229 #else
2230                 newSViv(sought)
2231 #endif
2232                 : newSVpvn(zero_but_true, ZBTLEN);
2233             mPUSHs(sv);
2234         }
2235     }
2236     RETURN;
2237 }
2238 
2239 PP(pp_truncate)
2240 {
2241     dSP;
2242     /* There seems to be no consensus on the length type of truncate()
2243      * and ftruncate(), both off_t and size_t have supporters. In
2244      * general one would think that when using large files, off_t is
2245      * at least as wide as size_t, so using an off_t should be okay. */
2246     /* XXX Configure probe for the length type of *truncate() needed XXX */
2247     Off_t len;
2248 
2249 #if Off_t_size > IVSIZE
2250     len = (Off_t)POPn;
2251 #else
2252     len = (Off_t)POPi;
2253 #endif
2254     /* Checking for length < 0 is problematic as the type might or
2255      * might not be signed: if it is not, clever compilers will moan. */
2256     /* XXX Configure probe for the signedness of the length type of *truncate() needed? XXX */
2257     SETERRNO(0,0);
2258     {
2259 	SV * const sv = POPs;
2260 	int result = 1;
2261 	GV *tmpgv;
2262 	IO *io;
2263 
2264 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL
2265 	               ? (tmpgv = gv_fetchsv(sv, 0, SVt_PVIO), 1)
2266 	               : !!(tmpgv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV(sv)) ) {
2267 	    io = GvIO(tmpgv);
2268 	    if (!io)
2269 		result = 0;
2270 	    else {
2271 		PerlIO *fp;
2272 	    do_ftruncate_io:
2273 		TAINT_PROPER("truncate");
2274 		if (!(fp = IoIFP(io))) {
2275 		    result = 0;
2276 		}
2277 		else {
2278                     int fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
2279                     if (fd < 0) {
2280                         SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2281                         result = 0;
2282                     } else {
2283                         if (len < 0) {
2284                             SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
2285                             result = 0;
2286                         } else {
2287                            PerlIO_flush(fp);
2288 #ifdef HAS_TRUNCATE
2289                            if (ftruncate(fd, len) < 0)
2290 #else
2291                            if (my_chsize(fd, len) < 0)
2292 #endif
2293                                result = 0;
2294                         }
2295                     }
2296 		}
2297 	    }
2298 	}
2299 	else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVIO) {
2300 		io = MUTABLE_IO(SvRV(sv)); /* *main::FRED{IO} for example */
2301 		goto do_ftruncate_io;
2302 	}
2303 	else {
2304 	    const char * const name = SvPV_nomg_const_nolen(sv);
2305 	    TAINT_PROPER("truncate");
2306 #ifdef HAS_TRUNCATE
2307 	    if (truncate(name, len) < 0)
2308 	        result = 0;
2309 #else
2310 	    {
2311                 int mode = O_RDWR;
2312                 int tmpfd;
2313 
2314 #if defined(USE_64_BIT_RAWIO) && defined(O_LARGEFILE)
2315                 mode |= O_LARGEFILE;	/* Transparently largefiley. */
2316 #endif
2317 #ifdef O_BINARY
2318                 /* On open(), the Win32 CRT tries to seek around text
2319                  * files using 32-bit offsets, which causes the open()
2320                  * to fail on large files, so open in binary mode.
2321                  */
2322                 mode |= O_BINARY;
2323 #endif
2324                 tmpfd = PerlLIO_open_cloexec(name, mode);
2325 
2326 		if (tmpfd < 0) {
2327 		    result = 0;
2328 		} else {
2329 		    if (my_chsize(tmpfd, len) < 0)
2330 		        result = 0;
2331 		    PerlLIO_close(tmpfd);
2332 		}
2333 	    }
2334 #endif
2335 	}
2336 
2337 	if (result)
2338 	    RETPUSHYES;
2339 	if (!errno)
2340 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2341 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2342     }
2343 }
2344 
2345 
2346 /* also used for: pp_fcntl() */
2347 
2348 PP(pp_ioctl)
2349 {
2350     dSP; dTARGET;
2351     SV * const argsv = POPs;
2352     const unsigned int func = POPu;
2353     int optype;
2354     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2355     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
2356     char *s;
2357     IV retval;
2358 
2359     if (!IoIFP(io)) {
2360 	report_evil_fh(gv);
2361 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);	/* well, sort of... */
2362 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2363     }
2364 
2365     if (SvPOK(argsv) || !SvNIOK(argsv)) {
2366 	STRLEN len;
2367 	STRLEN need;
2368 	s = SvPV_force(argsv, len);
2369 	need = IOCPARM_LEN(func);
2370 	if (len < need) {
2371 	    s = Sv_Grow(argsv, need + 1);
2372 	    SvCUR_set(argsv, need);
2373 	}
2374 
2375 	s[SvCUR(argsv)] = 17;	/* a little sanity check here */
2376     }
2377     else {
2378 	retval = SvIV(argsv);
2379 	s = INT2PTR(char*,retval);		/* ouch */
2380     }
2381 
2382     optype = PL_op->op_type;
2383     TAINT_PROPER(PL_op_desc[optype]);
2384 
2385     if (optype == OP_IOCTL)
2386 #ifdef HAS_IOCTL
2387 	retval = PerlLIO_ioctl(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), func, s);
2388 #else
2389 	DIE(aTHX_ "ioctl is not implemented");
2390 #endif
2391     else
2392 #ifndef HAS_FCNTL
2393       DIE(aTHX_ "fcntl is not implemented");
2394 #elif defined(OS2) && defined(__EMX__)
2395 	retval = fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), func, (int)s);
2396 #else
2397 	retval = fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), func, s);
2398 #endif
2399 
2400 #if defined(HAS_IOCTL) || defined(HAS_FCNTL)
2401     if (SvPOK(argsv)) {
2402 	if (s[SvCUR(argsv)] != 17)
2403 	    DIE(aTHX_ "Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument",
2404 		OP_NAME(PL_op));
2405 	s[SvCUR(argsv)] = 0;		/* put our null back */
2406 	SvSETMAGIC(argsv);		/* Assume it has changed */
2407     }
2408 
2409     if (retval == -1)
2410 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2411     if (retval != 0) {
2412 	PUSHi(retval);
2413     }
2414     else {
2415 	PUSHp(zero_but_true, ZBTLEN);
2416     }
2417 #endif
2418     RETURN;
2419 }
2420 
2421 PP(pp_flock)
2422 {
2423 #ifdef FLOCK
2424     dSP; dTARGET;
2425     I32 value;
2426     const int argtype = POPi;
2427     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2428     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
2429     PerlIO *const fp = io ? IoIFP(io) : NULL;
2430 
2431     /* XXX Looks to me like io is always NULL at this point */
2432     if (fp) {
2433 	(void)PerlIO_flush(fp);
2434 	value = (I32)(PerlLIO_flock(PerlIO_fileno(fp), argtype) >= 0);
2435     }
2436     else {
2437 	report_evil_fh(gv);
2438 	value = 0;
2439 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2440     }
2441     PUSHi(value);
2442     RETURN;
2443 #else
2444     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "flock");
2445 #endif
2446 }
2447 
2448 /* Sockets. */
2449 
2450 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
2451 
2452 PP(pp_socket)
2453 {
2454     dSP;
2455     const int protocol = POPi;
2456     const int type = POPi;
2457     const int domain = POPi;
2458     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2459     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
2460     int fd;
2461 
2462     if (IoIFP(io))
2463 	do_close(gv, FALSE);
2464 
2465     TAINT_PROPER("socket");
2466     fd = PerlSock_socket_cloexec(domain, type, protocol);
2467     if (fd < 0) {
2468 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2469     }
2470     IoIFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "r" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE); /* stdio gets confused about sockets */
2471     IoOFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "w" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
2472     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
2473     if (!IoIFP(io) || !IoOFP(io)) {
2474 	if (IoIFP(io)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
2475 	if (IoOFP(io)) PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io));
2476 	if (!IoIFP(io) && !IoOFP(io)) PerlLIO_close(fd);
2477 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2478     }
2479 
2480     RETPUSHYES;
2481 }
2482 #endif
2483 
2484 PP(pp_sockpair)
2485 {
2486 #if defined (HAS_SOCKETPAIR) || (defined (HAS_SOCKET) && defined(SOCK_DGRAM) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET))
2487     dSP;
2488     int fd[2];
2489     const int protocol = POPi;
2490     const int type = POPi;
2491     const int domain = POPi;
2492 
2493     GV * const gv2 = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2494     IO * const io2 = GvIOn(gv2);
2495     GV * const gv1 = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2496     IO * const io1 = GvIOn(gv1);
2497 
2498     if (IoIFP(io1))
2499 	do_close(gv1, FALSE);
2500     if (IoIFP(io2))
2501 	do_close(gv2, FALSE);
2502 
2503     TAINT_PROPER("socketpair");
2504     if (PerlSock_socketpair_cloexec(domain, type, protocol, fd) < 0)
2505 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2506     IoIFP(io1) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
2507     IoOFP(io1) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "w" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
2508     IoTYPE(io1) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
2509     IoIFP(io2) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "r" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
2510     IoOFP(io2) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
2511     IoTYPE(io2) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
2512     if (!IoIFP(io1) || !IoOFP(io1) || !IoIFP(io2) || !IoOFP(io2)) {
2513 	if (IoIFP(io1)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io1));
2514 	if (IoOFP(io1)) PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io1));
2515 	if (!IoIFP(io1) && !IoOFP(io1)) PerlLIO_close(fd[0]);
2516 	if (IoIFP(io2)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io2));
2517 	if (IoOFP(io2)) PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io2));
2518 	if (!IoIFP(io2) && !IoOFP(io2)) PerlLIO_close(fd[1]);
2519 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2520     }
2521 
2522     RETPUSHYES;
2523 #else
2524     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "socketpair");
2525 #endif
2526 }
2527 
2528 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
2529 
2530 /* also used for: pp_connect() */
2531 
2532 PP(pp_bind)
2533 {
2534     dSP;
2535     SV * const addrsv = POPs;
2536     /* OK, so on what platform does bind modify addr?  */
2537     const char *addr;
2538     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2539     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
2540     STRLEN len;
2541     int op_type;
2542     int fd;
2543 
2544     if (!IoIFP(io))
2545 	goto nuts;
2546     fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
2547     if (fd < 0)
2548         goto nuts;
2549 
2550     addr = SvPV_const(addrsv, len);
2551     op_type = PL_op->op_type;
2552     TAINT_PROPER(PL_op_desc[op_type]);
2553     if ((op_type == OP_BIND
2554 	 ? PerlSock_bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)addr, len)
2555 	 : PerlSock_connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)addr, len))
2556 	>= 0)
2557 	RETPUSHYES;
2558     else
2559 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2560 
2561   nuts:
2562     report_evil_fh(gv);
2563     SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
2564     RETPUSHUNDEF;
2565 }
2566 
2567 PP(pp_listen)
2568 {
2569     dSP;
2570     const int backlog = POPi;
2571     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2572     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
2573 
2574     if (!IoIFP(io))
2575 	goto nuts;
2576 
2577     if (PerlSock_listen(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), backlog) >= 0)
2578 	RETPUSHYES;
2579     else
2580 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
2581 
2582   nuts:
2583     report_evil_fh(gv);
2584     SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
2585     RETPUSHUNDEF;
2586 }
2587 
2588 PP(pp_accept)
2589 {
2590     dSP; dTARGET;
2591     IO *nstio;
2592     char namebuf[MAXPATHLEN];
2593 #if (defined(VMS_DO_SOCKETS) && defined(DECCRTL_SOCKETS)) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
2594     Sock_size_t len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
2595 #else
2596     Sock_size_t len = sizeof namebuf;
2597 #endif
2598     GV * const ggv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2599     GV * const ngv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2600     int fd;
2601 
2602     IO * const gstio = GvIO(ggv);
2603     if (!gstio || !IoIFP(gstio))
2604 	goto nuts;
2605 
2606     nstio = GvIOn(ngv);
2607     fd = PerlSock_accept_cloexec(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(gstio)), (struct sockaddr *) namebuf, &len);
2608 #if defined(OEMVS)
2609     if (len == 0) {
2610 	/* Some platforms indicate zero length when an AF_UNIX client is
2611 	 * not bound. Simulate a non-zero-length sockaddr structure in
2612 	 * this case. */
2613 	namebuf[0] = 0;        /* sun_len */
2614 	namebuf[1] = AF_UNIX;  /* sun_family */
2615 	len = 2;
2616     }
2617 #endif
2618 
2619     if (fd < 0)
2620 	goto badexit;
2621     if (IoIFP(nstio))
2622 	do_close(ngv, FALSE);
2623     IoIFP(nstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "r" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
2624     IoOFP(nstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "w" SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
2625     IoTYPE(nstio) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
2626     if (!IoIFP(nstio) || !IoOFP(nstio)) {
2627 	if (IoIFP(nstio)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(nstio));
2628 	if (IoOFP(nstio)) PerlIO_close(IoOFP(nstio));
2629 	if (!IoIFP(nstio) && !IoOFP(nstio)) PerlLIO_close(fd);
2630 	goto badexit;
2631     }
2632 
2633 #ifdef __SCO_VERSION__
2634     len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in); /* OpenUNIX 8 somehow truncates info */
2635 #endif
2636 
2637     PUSHp(namebuf, len);
2638     RETURN;
2639 
2640   nuts:
2641     report_evil_fh(ggv);
2642     SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
2643 
2644   badexit:
2645     RETPUSHUNDEF;
2646 
2647 }
2648 
2649 PP(pp_shutdown)
2650 {
2651     dSP; dTARGET;
2652     const int how = POPi;
2653     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2654     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
2655 
2656     if (!IoIFP(io))
2657 	goto nuts;
2658 
2659     PUSHi( PerlSock_shutdown(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), how) >= 0 );
2660     RETURN;
2661 
2662   nuts:
2663     report_evil_fh(gv);
2664     SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
2665     RETPUSHUNDEF;
2666 }
2667 
2668 
2669 /* also used for: pp_gsockopt() */
2670 
2671 PP(pp_ssockopt)
2672 {
2673     dSP;
2674     const int optype = PL_op->op_type;
2675     SV * const sv = (optype == OP_GSOCKOPT) ? sv_2mortal(newSV(257)) : POPs;
2676     const unsigned int optname = (unsigned int) POPi;
2677     const unsigned int lvl = (unsigned int) POPi;
2678     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2679     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
2680     int fd;
2681     Sock_size_t len;
2682 
2683     if (!IoIFP(io))
2684 	goto nuts;
2685 
2686     fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
2687     if (fd < 0)
2688         goto nuts;
2689     switch (optype) {
2690     case OP_GSOCKOPT:
2691 	SvGROW(sv, 257);
2692 	(void)SvPOK_only(sv);
2693 	SvCUR_set(sv,256);
2694 	*SvEND(sv) ='\0';
2695 	len = SvCUR(sv);
2696 	if (PerlSock_getsockopt(fd, lvl, optname, SvPVX(sv), &len) < 0)
2697 	    goto nuts2;
2698 #if defined(_AIX)
2699         /* XXX Configure test: does getsockopt set the length properly? */
2700         if (len == 256)
2701             len = sizeof(int);
2702 #endif
2703 	SvCUR_set(sv, len);
2704 	*SvEND(sv) ='\0';
2705 	PUSHs(sv);
2706 	break;
2707     case OP_SSOCKOPT: {
2708 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
2709 # define SETSOCKOPT_OPTION_VALUE_T void *
2710 #else
2711 # define SETSOCKOPT_OPTION_VALUE_T const char *
2712 #endif
2713 	/* XXX TODO: We need to have a proper type (a Configure probe,
2714 	 * etc.) for what the C headers think of the third argument of
2715 	 * setsockopt(), the option_value read-only buffer: is it
2716 	 * a "char *", or a "void *", const or not.  Some compilers
2717 	 * don't take kindly to e.g. assuming that "char *" implicitly
2718 	 * promotes to a "void *", or to explicitly promoting/demoting
2719 	 * consts to non/vice versa.  The "const void *" is the SUS
2720 	 * definition, but that does not fly everywhere for the above
2721 	 * reasons. */
2722 	    SETSOCKOPT_OPTION_VALUE_T buf;
2723 	    int aint;
2724 	    if (SvPOKp(sv)) {
2725 		STRLEN l;
2726 		buf = (SETSOCKOPT_OPTION_VALUE_T) SvPV_const(sv, l);
2727 		len = l;
2728 	    }
2729 	    else {
2730 		aint = (int)SvIV(sv);
2731 		buf = (SETSOCKOPT_OPTION_VALUE_T) &aint;
2732 		len = sizeof(int);
2733 	    }
2734 	    if (PerlSock_setsockopt(fd, lvl, optname, buf, len) < 0)
2735 		goto nuts2;
2736 	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
2737 	}
2738 	break;
2739     }
2740     RETURN;
2741 
2742   nuts:
2743     report_evil_fh(gv);
2744     SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
2745   nuts2:
2746     RETPUSHUNDEF;
2747 
2748 }
2749 
2750 
2751 /* also used for: pp_getsockname() */
2752 
2753 PP(pp_getpeername)
2754 {
2755     dSP;
2756     const int optype = PL_op->op_type;
2757     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
2758     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
2759     Sock_size_t len;
2760     SV *sv;
2761     int fd;
2762 
2763     if (!IoIFP(io))
2764 	goto nuts;
2765 
2766     sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(257));
2767     (void)SvPOK_only(sv);
2768     len = 256;
2769     SvCUR_set(sv, len);
2770     *SvEND(sv) ='\0';
2771     fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
2772     if (fd < 0)
2773         goto nuts;
2774     switch (optype) {
2775     case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
2776 	if (PerlSock_getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)SvPVX(sv), &len) < 0)
2777 	    goto nuts2;
2778 	break;
2779     case OP_GETPEERNAME:
2780 	if (PerlSock_getpeername(fd, (struct sockaddr *)SvPVX(sv), &len) < 0)
2781 	    goto nuts2;
2782 #if defined(VMS_DO_SOCKETS) && defined (DECCRTL_SOCKETS)
2783 	{
2784 	    static const char nowhere[] = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
2785 	    /* If the call succeeded, make sure we don't have a zeroed port/addr */
2786 	    if (((struct sockaddr *)SvPVX_const(sv))->sa_family == AF_INET &&
2787 		!memcmp(SvPVX_const(sv) + sizeof(u_short), nowhere,
2788 			sizeof(u_short) + sizeof(struct in_addr))) {
2789 		goto nuts2;
2790 	    }
2791 	}
2792 #endif
2793 	break;
2794     }
2795 #ifdef BOGUS_GETNAME_RETURN
2796     /* Interactive Unix, getpeername() and getsockname()
2797       does not return valid namelen */
2798     if (len == BOGUS_GETNAME_RETURN)
2799 	len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
2800 #endif
2801     SvCUR_set(sv, len);
2802     *SvEND(sv) ='\0';
2803     PUSHs(sv);
2804     RETURN;
2805 
2806   nuts:
2807     report_evil_fh(gv);
2808     SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
2809   nuts2:
2810     RETPUSHUNDEF;
2811 }
2812 
2813 #endif
2814 
2815 /* Stat calls. */
2816 
2817 /* also used for: pp_lstat() */
2818 
2819 PP(pp_stat)
2820 {
2821     dSP;
2822     GV *gv = NULL;
2823     IO *io = NULL;
2824     U8 gimme;
2825     I32 max = 13;
2826     SV* sv;
2827 
2828     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF ? (gv = cGVOP_gv, 1)
2829                                   : !!(sv=POPs, gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV(sv))) {
2830 	if (PL_op->op_type == OP_LSTAT) {
2831 	    if (gv != PL_defgv) {
2832 	    do_fstat_warning_check:
2833 		Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
2834 			       "lstat() on filehandle%s%" SVf,
2835 				gv ? " " : "",
2836 				SVfARG(gv
2837                                         ? sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvENAME_HEK(gv)))
2838                                         : &PL_sv_no));
2839 	    } else if (PL_laststype != OP_LSTAT)
2840 		/* diag_listed_as: The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat */
2841 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "The stat preceding lstat() wasn't an lstat");
2842 	}
2843 
2844 	if (gv == PL_defgv) {
2845 	    if (PL_laststatval < 0)
2846 		SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2847 	} else {
2848           do_fstat_have_io:
2849 	    PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
2850 	    PL_statgv = gv ? gv : (GV *)io;
2851             SvPVCLEAR(PL_statname);
2852             if(gv) {
2853                 io = GvIO(gv);
2854 	    }
2855             if (io) {
2856                     if (IoIFP(io)) {
2857                         int fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
2858                         if (fd < 0) {
2859 			    report_evil_fh(gv);
2860                             PL_laststatval = -1;
2861                             SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2862                         } else {
2863                             PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &PL_statcache);
2864                         }
2865                     } else if (IoDIRP(io)) {
2866                         PL_laststatval =
2867                             PerlLIO_fstat(my_dirfd(IoDIRP(io)), &PL_statcache);
2868                     } else {
2869 			report_evil_fh(gv);
2870                         PL_laststatval = -1;
2871 			SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2872                     }
2873             } else {
2874 		report_evil_fh(gv);
2875 		PL_laststatval = -1;
2876 		SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2877 	    }
2878         }
2879 
2880 	if (PL_laststatval < 0) {
2881 	    max = 0;
2882 	}
2883     }
2884     else {
2885         const char *file;
2886         const char *temp;
2887         STRLEN len;
2888 	if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVIO) {
2889             io = MUTABLE_IO(SvRV(sv));
2890             if (PL_op->op_type == OP_LSTAT)
2891                 goto do_fstat_warning_check;
2892             goto do_fstat_have_io;
2893         }
2894 	SvTAINTED_off(PL_statname); /* previous tainting irrelevant */
2895         temp = SvPV_nomg_const(sv, len);
2896 	sv_setpv(PL_statname, temp);
2897 	PL_statgv = NULL;
2898 	PL_laststype = PL_op->op_type;
2899         file = SvPV_nolen_const(PL_statname);
2900         if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(temp, len, OP_NAME(PL_op))) {
2901             PL_laststatval = -1;
2902         }
2903 	else if (PL_op->op_type == OP_LSTAT)
2904 	    PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_lstat(file, &PL_statcache);
2905 	else
2906 	    PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_stat(file, &PL_statcache);
2907 	if (PL_laststatval < 0) {
2908 	    if (ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && should_warn_nl(file)) {
2909                 /* PL_warn_nl is constant */
2910                 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wformat-nonliteral);
2911 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "stat");
2912                 GCC_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
2913             }
2914 	    max = 0;
2915 	}
2916     }
2917 
2918     gimme = GIMME_V;
2919     if (gimme != G_ARRAY) {
2920 	if (gimme != G_VOID)
2921 	    XPUSHs(boolSV(max));
2922 	RETURN;
2923     }
2924     if (max) {
2925 	EXTEND(SP, max);
2926 	EXTEND_MORTAL(max);
2927 	mPUSHi(PL_statcache.st_dev);
2928 	{
2929 	    /*
2930 	     * We try to represent st_ino as a native IV or UV where
2931 	     * possible, but fall back to a decimal string where
2932 	     * necessary.  The code to generate these decimal strings
2933 	     * is quite obtuse, because (a) we're portable to non-POSIX
2934 	     * platforms where st_ino might be signed; (b) we didn't
2935 	     * necessarily detect at Configure time whether st_ino is
2936 	     * signed; (c) we're portable to non-POSIX platforms where
2937 	     * ino_t isn't defined, so have no name for the type of
2938 	     * st_ino; and (d) sprintf() doesn't necessarily support
2939 	     * integers as large as st_ino.
2940 	     */
2941 	    bool neg;
2942 	    Stat_t s;
2943 	    CLANG_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wtautological-compare);
2944 	    GCC_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wtype-limits);
2945 	    neg = PL_statcache.st_ino < 0;
2946 	    GCC_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
2947 	    CLANG_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
2948 	    if (neg) {
2949 		s.st_ino = (IV)PL_statcache.st_ino;
2950 		if (LIKELY(s.st_ino == PL_statcache.st_ino)) {
2951 		    mPUSHi(s.st_ino);
2952 		} else {
2953 		    char buf[sizeof(s.st_ino)*3+1], *p;
2954 		    s.st_ino = PL_statcache.st_ino;
2955 		    for (p = buf + sizeof(buf); p != buf+1; ) {
2956 			Stat_t t;
2957 			t.st_ino = s.st_ino / 10;
2958 			*--p = '0' + (int)(t.st_ino*10 - s.st_ino);
2959 			s.st_ino = t.st_ino;
2960 		    }
2961 		    while (*p == '0')
2962 			p++;
2963 		    *--p = '-';
2964 		    mPUSHp(p, buf+sizeof(buf) - p);
2965 		}
2966 	    } else {
2967 		s.st_ino = (UV)PL_statcache.st_ino;
2968 		if (LIKELY(s.st_ino == PL_statcache.st_ino)) {
2969 		    mPUSHu(s.st_ino);
2970 		} else {
2971 		    char buf[sizeof(s.st_ino)*3], *p;
2972 		    s.st_ino = PL_statcache.st_ino;
2973 		    for (p = buf + sizeof(buf); p != buf; ) {
2974 			Stat_t t;
2975 			t.st_ino = s.st_ino / 10;
2976 			*--p = '0' + (int)(s.st_ino - t.st_ino*10);
2977 			s.st_ino = t.st_ino;
2978 		    }
2979 		    while (*p == '0')
2980 			p++;
2981 		    mPUSHp(p, buf+sizeof(buf) - p);
2982 		}
2983 	    }
2984 	}
2985 	mPUSHu(PL_statcache.st_mode);
2986 	mPUSHu(PL_statcache.st_nlink);
2987 
2988         sv_setuid(PUSHmortal, PL_statcache.st_uid);
2989         sv_setgid(PUSHmortal, PL_statcache.st_gid);
2990 
2991 #ifdef USE_STAT_RDEV
2992 	mPUSHi(PL_statcache.st_rdev);
2993 #else
2994 	PUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP));
2995 #endif
2996 #if Off_t_size > IVSIZE
2997 	mPUSHn(PL_statcache.st_size);
2998 #else
2999 	mPUSHi(PL_statcache.st_size);
3000 #endif
3001 #ifdef BIG_TIME
3002 	mPUSHn(PL_statcache.st_atime);
3003 	mPUSHn(PL_statcache.st_mtime);
3004 	mPUSHn(PL_statcache.st_ctime);
3005 #else
3006 	mPUSHi(PL_statcache.st_atime);
3007 	mPUSHi(PL_statcache.st_mtime);
3008 	mPUSHi(PL_statcache.st_ctime);
3009 #endif
3010 #ifdef USE_STAT_BLOCKS
3011 	mPUSHu(PL_statcache.st_blksize);
3012 	mPUSHu(PL_statcache.st_blocks);
3013 #else
3014 	PUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP));
3015 	PUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP));
3016 #endif
3017     }
3018     RETURN;
3019 }
3020 
3021 /* All filetest ops avoid manipulating the perl stack pointer in their main
3022    bodies (since commit d2c4d2d1e22d3125), and return using either
3023    S_ft_return_false() or S_ft_return_true().  These two helper functions are
3024    the only two which manipulate the perl stack.  To ensure that no stack
3025    manipulation macros are used, the filetest ops avoid defining a local copy
3026    of the stack pointer with dSP.  */
3027 
3028 /* If the next filetest is stacked up with this one
3029    (PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKING), we leave
3030    the original argument on the stack for success,
3031    and skip the stacked operators on failure.
3032    The next few macros/functions take care of this.
3033 */
3034 
3035 static OP *
3036 S_ft_return_false(pTHX_ SV *ret) {
3037     OP *next = NORMAL;
3038     dSP;
3039 
3040     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) XPUSHs(ret);
3041     else			   SETs(ret);
3042     PUTBACK;
3043 
3044     if (PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKING) {
3045         while (next && OP_IS_FILETEST(next->op_type)
3046                && next->op_private & OPpFT_STACKED)
3047             next = next->op_next;
3048     }
3049     return next;
3050 }
3051 
3052 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3053 S_ft_return_true(pTHX_ SV *ret) {
3054     dSP;
3055     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
3056         XPUSHs(PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKING ? (SV *)cGVOP_gv : (ret));
3057     else if (!(PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKING))
3058         SETs(ret);
3059     PUTBACK;
3060     return NORMAL;
3061 }
3062 
3063 #define FT_RETURNNO	return S_ft_return_false(aTHX_ &PL_sv_no)
3064 #define FT_RETURNUNDEF	return S_ft_return_false(aTHX_ &PL_sv_undef)
3065 #define FT_RETURNYES	return S_ft_return_true(aTHX_ &PL_sv_yes)
3066 
3067 #define tryAMAGICftest_MG(chr) STMT_START { \
3068 	if ( (SvFLAGS(*PL_stack_sp) & (SVf_ROK|SVs_GMG)) \
3069 		&& PL_op->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {     \
3070 	    OP *next = S_try_amagic_ftest(aTHX_ chr);	\
3071 	    if (next) return next;			  \
3072 	}						   \
3073     } STMT_END
3074 
3075 STATIC OP *
3076 S_try_amagic_ftest(pTHX_ char chr) {
3077     SV *const arg = *PL_stack_sp;
3078 
3079     assert(chr != '?');
3080     if (!(PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKING)) SvGETMAGIC(arg);
3081 
3082     if (SvAMAGIC(arg))
3083     {
3084 	const char tmpchr = chr;
3085 	SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(arg,
3086 				newSVpvn_flags(&tmpchr, 1, SVs_TEMP),
3087 				ftest_amg, AMGf_unary);
3088 
3089 	if (!tmpsv)
3090 	    return NULL;
3091 
3092 	return SvTRUE(tmpsv)
3093             ? S_ft_return_true(aTHX_ tmpsv) : S_ft_return_false(aTHX_ tmpsv);
3094     }
3095     return NULL;
3096 }
3097 
3098 
3099 /* also used for: pp_fteexec() pp_fteread() pp_ftewrite() pp_ftrexec()
3100  *                pp_ftrwrite() */
3101 
3102 PP(pp_ftrread)
3103 {
3104     I32 result;
3105     /* Not const, because things tweak this below. Not bool, because there's
3106        no guarantee that OPpFT_ACCESS is <= CHAR_MAX  */
3107 #if defined(HAS_ACCESS) || defined (PERL_EFF_ACCESS)
3108     I32 use_access = PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_ACCESS;
3109     /* Giving some sort of initial value silences compilers.  */
3110 #  ifdef R_OK
3111     int access_mode = R_OK;
3112 #  else
3113     int access_mode = 0;
3114 #  endif
3115 #else
3116     /* access_mode is never used, but leaving use_access in makes the
3117        conditional compiling below much clearer.  */
3118     I32 use_access = 0;
3119 #endif
3120     Mode_t stat_mode = S_IRUSR;
3121 
3122     bool effective = FALSE;
3123     char opchar = '?';
3124 
3125     switch (PL_op->op_type) {
3126     case OP_FTRREAD:	opchar = 'R'; break;
3127     case OP_FTRWRITE:	opchar = 'W'; break;
3128     case OP_FTREXEC:	opchar = 'X'; break;
3129     case OP_FTEREAD:	opchar = 'r'; break;
3130     case OP_FTEWRITE:	opchar = 'w'; break;
3131     case OP_FTEEXEC:	opchar = 'x'; break;
3132     }
3133     tryAMAGICftest_MG(opchar);
3134 
3135     switch (PL_op->op_type) {
3136     case OP_FTRREAD:
3137 #if !(defined(HAS_ACCESS) && defined(R_OK))
3138 	use_access = 0;
3139 #endif
3140 	break;
3141 
3142     case OP_FTRWRITE:
3143 #if defined(HAS_ACCESS) && defined(W_OK)
3144 	access_mode = W_OK;
3145 #else
3146 	use_access = 0;
3147 #endif
3148 	stat_mode = S_IWUSR;
3149 	break;
3150 
3151     case OP_FTREXEC:
3152 #if defined(HAS_ACCESS) && defined(X_OK)
3153 	access_mode = X_OK;
3154 #else
3155 	use_access = 0;
3156 #endif
3157 	stat_mode = S_IXUSR;
3158 	break;
3159 
3160     case OP_FTEWRITE:
3161 #ifdef PERL_EFF_ACCESS
3162 	access_mode = W_OK;
3163 #endif
3164 	stat_mode = S_IWUSR;
3165 	/* FALLTHROUGH */
3166 
3167     case OP_FTEREAD:
3168 #ifndef PERL_EFF_ACCESS
3169 	use_access = 0;
3170 #endif
3171 	effective = TRUE;
3172 	break;
3173 
3174     case OP_FTEEXEC:
3175 #ifdef PERL_EFF_ACCESS
3176 	access_mode = X_OK;
3177 #else
3178 	use_access = 0;
3179 #endif
3180 	stat_mode = S_IXUSR;
3181 	effective = TRUE;
3182 	break;
3183     }
3184 
3185     if (use_access) {
3186 #if defined(HAS_ACCESS) || defined (PERL_EFF_ACCESS)
3187         STRLEN len;
3188 	const char *name = SvPV(*PL_stack_sp, len);
3189         if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(name, len, OP_NAME(PL_op))) {
3190             result = -1;
3191         }
3192 	else if (effective) {
3193 #  ifdef PERL_EFF_ACCESS
3194 	    result = PERL_EFF_ACCESS(name, access_mode);
3195 #  else
3196 	    DIE(aTHX_ "panic: attempt to call PERL_EFF_ACCESS in %s",
3197 		OP_NAME(PL_op));
3198 #  endif
3199 	}
3200 	else {
3201 #  ifdef HAS_ACCESS
3202 	    result = access(name, access_mode);
3203 #  else
3204 	    DIE(aTHX_ "panic: attempt to call access() in %s", OP_NAME(PL_op));
3205 #  endif
3206 	}
3207 	if (result == 0)
3208 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3209 	if (result < 0)
3210 	    FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3211 	FT_RETURNNO;
3212 #endif
3213     }
3214 
3215     result = my_stat_flags(0);
3216     if (result < 0)
3217 	FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3218     if (cando(stat_mode, effective, &PL_statcache))
3219 	FT_RETURNYES;
3220     FT_RETURNNO;
3221 }
3222 
3223 
3224 /* also used for: pp_ftatime() pp_ftctime() pp_ftmtime() pp_ftsize() */
3225 
3226 PP(pp_ftis)
3227 {
3228     I32 result;
3229     const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
3230     char opchar = '?';
3231 
3232     switch (op_type) {
3233     case OP_FTIS:	opchar = 'e'; break;
3234     case OP_FTSIZE:	opchar = 's'; break;
3235     case OP_FTMTIME:	opchar = 'M'; break;
3236     case OP_FTCTIME:	opchar = 'C'; break;
3237     case OP_FTATIME:	opchar = 'A'; break;
3238     }
3239     tryAMAGICftest_MG(opchar);
3240 
3241     result = my_stat_flags(0);
3242     if (result < 0)
3243 	FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3244     if (op_type == OP_FTIS)
3245 	FT_RETURNYES;
3246     {
3247 	/* You can't dTARGET inside OP_FTIS, because you'll get
3248 	   "panic: pad_sv po" - the op is not flagged to have a target.  */
3249 	dTARGET;
3250 	switch (op_type) {
3251 	case OP_FTSIZE:
3252 #if Off_t_size > IVSIZE
3253 	    sv_setnv(TARG, (NV)PL_statcache.st_size);
3254 #else
3255 	    sv_setiv(TARG, (IV)PL_statcache.st_size);
3256 #endif
3257 	    break;
3258 	case OP_FTMTIME:
3259 	    sv_setnv(TARG,
3260 		    ((NV)PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_mtime) / 86400.0 );
3261 	    break;
3262 	case OP_FTATIME:
3263 	    sv_setnv(TARG,
3264 		    ((NV)PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_atime) / 86400.0 );
3265 	    break;
3266 	case OP_FTCTIME:
3267 	    sv_setnv(TARG,
3268 		    ((NV)PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_ctime) / 86400.0 );
3269 	    break;
3270 	}
3271 	SvSETMAGIC(TARG);
3272 	return SvTRUE_nomg_NN(TARG)
3273             ? S_ft_return_true(aTHX_ TARG) : S_ft_return_false(aTHX_ TARG);
3274     }
3275 }
3276 
3277 
3278 /* also used for: pp_ftblk() pp_ftchr() pp_ftdir() pp_fteowned()
3279  *                pp_ftfile() pp_ftpipe() pp_ftsgid() pp_ftsock()
3280  *                pp_ftsuid() pp_ftsvtx() pp_ftzero() */
3281 
3282 PP(pp_ftrowned)
3283 {
3284     I32 result;
3285     char opchar = '?';
3286 
3287     switch (PL_op->op_type) {
3288     case OP_FTROWNED:	opchar = 'O'; break;
3289     case OP_FTEOWNED:	opchar = 'o'; break;
3290     case OP_FTZERO:	opchar = 'z'; break;
3291     case OP_FTSOCK:	opchar = 'S'; break;
3292     case OP_FTCHR:	opchar = 'c'; break;
3293     case OP_FTBLK:	opchar = 'b'; break;
3294     case OP_FTFILE:	opchar = 'f'; break;
3295     case OP_FTDIR:	opchar = 'd'; break;
3296     case OP_FTPIPE:	opchar = 'p'; break;
3297     case OP_FTSUID:	opchar = 'u'; break;
3298     case OP_FTSGID:	opchar = 'g'; break;
3299     case OP_FTSVTX:	opchar = 'k'; break;
3300     }
3301     tryAMAGICftest_MG(opchar);
3302 
3303     result = my_stat_flags(0);
3304     if (result < 0)
3305 	FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3306     switch (PL_op->op_type) {
3307     case OP_FTROWNED:
3308 	if (PL_statcache.st_uid == PerlProc_getuid())
3309 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3310 	break;
3311     case OP_FTEOWNED:
3312 	if (PL_statcache.st_uid == PerlProc_geteuid())
3313 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3314 	break;
3315     case OP_FTZERO:
3316 	if (PL_statcache.st_size == 0)
3317 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3318 	break;
3319     case OP_FTSOCK:
3320 	if (S_ISSOCK(PL_statcache.st_mode))
3321 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3322 	break;
3323     case OP_FTCHR:
3324 	if (S_ISCHR(PL_statcache.st_mode))
3325 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3326 	break;
3327     case OP_FTBLK:
3328 	if (S_ISBLK(PL_statcache.st_mode))
3329 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3330 	break;
3331     case OP_FTFILE:
3332 	if (S_ISREG(PL_statcache.st_mode))
3333 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3334 	break;
3335     case OP_FTDIR:
3336 	if (S_ISDIR(PL_statcache.st_mode))
3337 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3338 	break;
3339     case OP_FTPIPE:
3340 	if (S_ISFIFO(PL_statcache.st_mode))
3341 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3342 	break;
3343 #ifdef S_ISUID
3344     case OP_FTSUID:
3345 	if (PL_statcache.st_mode & S_ISUID)
3346 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3347 	break;
3348 #endif
3349 #ifdef S_ISGID
3350     case OP_FTSGID:
3351 	if (PL_statcache.st_mode & S_ISGID)
3352 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3353 	break;
3354 #endif
3355 #ifdef S_ISVTX
3356     case OP_FTSVTX:
3357 	if (PL_statcache.st_mode & S_ISVTX)
3358 	    FT_RETURNYES;
3359 	break;
3360 #endif
3361     }
3362     FT_RETURNNO;
3363 }
3364 
3365 PP(pp_ftlink)
3366 {
3367     I32 result;
3368 
3369     tryAMAGICftest_MG('l');
3370     result = my_lstat_flags(0);
3371 
3372     if (result < 0)
3373 	FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3374     if (S_ISLNK(PL_statcache.st_mode))
3375 	FT_RETURNYES;
3376     FT_RETURNNO;
3377 }
3378 
3379 PP(pp_fttty)
3380 {
3381     int fd;
3382     GV *gv;
3383     char *name = NULL;
3384     STRLEN namelen;
3385     UV uv;
3386 
3387     tryAMAGICftest_MG('t');
3388 
3389     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
3390 	gv = cGVOP_gv;
3391     else {
3392       SV *tmpsv = *PL_stack_sp;
3393       if (!(gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV_nomg(tmpsv))) {
3394 	name = SvPV_nomg(tmpsv, namelen);
3395 	gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(name, namelen, SvUTF8(tmpsv), SVt_PVIO);
3396       }
3397     }
3398 
3399     if (GvIO(gv) && IoIFP(GvIOp(gv)))
3400 	fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOp(gv)));
3401     else if (name && isDIGIT(*name) && grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) && uv <= PERL_INT_MAX)
3402         fd = (int)uv;
3403     else
3404 	fd = -1;
3405     if (fd < 0) {
3406         SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3407 	FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3408     }
3409     if (PerlLIO_isatty(fd))
3410 	FT_RETURNYES;
3411     FT_RETURNNO;
3412 }
3413 
3414 
3415 /* also used for: pp_ftbinary() */
3416 
3417 PP(pp_fttext)
3418 {
3419     I32 i;
3420     SSize_t len;
3421     I32 odd = 0;
3422     STDCHAR tbuf[512];
3423     STDCHAR *s;
3424     IO *io;
3425     SV *sv = NULL;
3426     GV *gv;
3427     PerlIO *fp;
3428     const U8 * first_variant;
3429 
3430     tryAMAGICftest_MG(PL_op->op_type == OP_FTTEXT ? 'T' : 'B');
3431 
3432     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
3433 	gv = cGVOP_gv;
3434     else if ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpFT_STACKED|OPpFT_AFTER_t))
3435 	     == OPpFT_STACKED)
3436 	gv = PL_defgv;
3437     else {
3438 	sv = *PL_stack_sp;
3439 	gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV_nomg(sv);
3440     }
3441 
3442     if (gv) {
3443 	if (gv == PL_defgv) {
3444 	    if (PL_statgv)
3445 		io = SvTYPE(PL_statgv) == SVt_PVIO
3446 		    ? (IO *)PL_statgv
3447 		    : GvIO(PL_statgv);
3448 	    else {
3449 		goto really_filename;
3450 	    }
3451 	}
3452 	else {
3453 	    PL_statgv = gv;
3454             SvPVCLEAR(PL_statname);
3455 	    io = GvIO(PL_statgv);
3456 	}
3457 	PL_laststatval = -1;
3458 	PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
3459 	if (io && IoIFP(io)) {
3460 	    int fd;
3461 	    if (! PerlIO_has_base(IoIFP(io)))
3462 		DIE(aTHX_ "-T and -B not implemented on filehandles");
3463 	    fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
3464 	    if (fd < 0) {
3465                 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3466 		FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3467             }
3468 	    PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &PL_statcache);
3469 	    if (PL_laststatval < 0)
3470 		FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3471 	    if (S_ISDIR(PL_statcache.st_mode)) { /* handle NFS glitch */
3472 		if (PL_op->op_type == OP_FTTEXT)
3473 		    FT_RETURNNO;
3474 		else
3475 		    FT_RETURNYES;
3476             }
3477 	    if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) <= 0) {
3478 		i = PerlIO_getc(IoIFP(io));
3479 		if (i != EOF)
3480 		    (void)PerlIO_ungetc(IoIFP(io),i);
3481                 else
3482                     /* null file is anything */
3483                     FT_RETURNYES;
3484 	    }
3485 	    len = PerlIO_get_bufsiz(IoIFP(io));
3486 	    s = (STDCHAR *) PerlIO_get_base(IoIFP(io));
3487 	    /* sfio can have large buffers - limit to 512 */
3488 	    if (len > 512)
3489 		len = 512;
3490 	}
3491 	else {
3492 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3493 	    report_evil_fh(gv);
3494 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3495 	    FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3496 	}
3497     }
3498     else {
3499         const char *file;
3500         const char *temp;
3501         STRLEN temp_len;
3502         int fd;
3503 
3504         assert(sv);
3505         temp = SvPV_nomg_const(sv, temp_len);
3506 	sv_setpv(PL_statname, temp);
3507         if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(temp, temp_len, OP_NAME(PL_op))) {
3508             PL_laststatval = -1;
3509             PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
3510             FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3511         }
3512       really_filename:
3513         file = SvPVX_const(PL_statname);
3514 	PL_statgv = NULL;
3515 	if (!(fp = PerlIO_open(file, "r"))) {
3516 	    if (!gv) {
3517 		PL_laststatval = -1;
3518 		PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
3519 	    }
3520 	    if (ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && should_warn_nl(file)) {
3521                 /* PL_warn_nl is constant */
3522                 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wformat-nonliteral);
3523 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "open");
3524                 GCC_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
3525             }
3526 	    FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3527 	}
3528 	PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
3529         fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
3530         if (fd < 0) {
3531 	    (void)PerlIO_close(fp);
3532             SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3533 	    FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3534         }
3535 	PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &PL_statcache);
3536 	if (PL_laststatval < 0)	{
3537             dSAVE_ERRNO;
3538 	    (void)PerlIO_close(fp);
3539             RESTORE_ERRNO;
3540 	    FT_RETURNUNDEF;
3541 	}
3542 	PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ fp, '<', O_BINARY, NULL);
3543 	len = PerlIO_read(fp, tbuf, sizeof(tbuf));
3544 	(void)PerlIO_close(fp);
3545 	if (len <= 0) {
3546 	    if (S_ISDIR(PL_statcache.st_mode) && PL_op->op_type == OP_FTTEXT)
3547 		FT_RETURNNO;		/* special case NFS directories */
3548 	    FT_RETURNYES;		/* null file is anything */
3549 	}
3550 	s = tbuf;
3551     }
3552 
3553     /* now scan s to look for textiness */
3554 
3555 #if defined(DOSISH) || defined(USEMYBINMODE)
3556     /* ignore trailing ^Z on short files */
3557     if (len && len < (I32)sizeof(tbuf) && tbuf[len-1] == 26)
3558 	--len;
3559 #endif
3560 
3561     assert(len);
3562     if (! is_utf8_invariant_string_loc((U8 *) s, len, &first_variant)) {
3563 
3564         /* Here contains a variant under UTF-8 .  See if the entire string is
3565          * UTF-8. */
3566         if (is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_flags(first_variant,
3567                                           len - ((char *) first_variant - (char *) s),
3568                                           0))
3569         {
3570             if (PL_op->op_type == OP_FTTEXT) {
3571                 FT_RETURNYES;
3572             }
3573             else {
3574                 FT_RETURNNO;
3575             }
3576         }
3577     }
3578 
3579     /* Here, is not UTF-8 or is entirely ASCII.  Look through the buffer for
3580      * things that wouldn't be in ASCII text or rich ASCII text.  Count these
3581      * in 'odd' */
3582     for (i = 0; i < len; i++, s++) {
3583 	if (!*s) {			/* null never allowed in text */
3584 	    odd += len;
3585 	    break;
3586 	}
3587 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3588         if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
3589             if ( isPRINT_LC(*s) || isSPACE_LC(*s)) {
3590 		continue;
3591             }
3592         }
3593         else
3594 #endif
3595              if (  isPRINT_A(*s)
3596                     /* VT occurs so rarely in text, that we consider it odd */
3597                  || (isSPACE_A(*s) && *s != VT_NATIVE)
3598 
3599                     /* But there is a fair amount of backspaces and escapes in
3600                      * some text */
3601                  || *s == '\b'
3602                  || *s == ESC_NATIVE)
3603         {
3604             continue;
3605         }
3606         odd++;
3607     }
3608 
3609     if ((odd * 3 > len) == (PL_op->op_type == OP_FTTEXT)) /* allow 1/3 odd */
3610 	FT_RETURNNO;
3611     else
3612 	FT_RETURNYES;
3613 }
3614 
3615 /* File calls. */
3616 
3617 PP(pp_chdir)
3618 {
3619     dSP; dTARGET;
3620     const char *tmps = NULL;
3621     GV *gv = NULL;
3622 
3623     if( MAXARG == 1 ) {
3624 	SV * const sv = POPs;
3625 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
3626 	    gv = gv_fetchsv(sv, 0, SVt_PVIO);
3627             if (!gv) {
3628                 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED)) {
3629                     Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNOPENED),
3630                                 "chdir() on unopened filehandle %" SVf, sv);
3631                 }
3632                 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3633                 PUSHs(&PL_sv_zero);
3634                 TAINT_PROPER("chdir");
3635                 RETURN;
3636             }
3637 	}
3638         else if (!(gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV(sv)))
3639 		tmps = SvPV_nomg_const_nolen(sv);
3640     }
3641     else {
3642 	HV * const table = GvHVn(PL_envgv);
3643 	SV **svp;
3644 
3645         EXTEND(SP, 1);
3646         if (    (svp = hv_fetchs(table, "HOME", FALSE))
3647              || (svp = hv_fetchs(table, "LOGDIR", FALSE))
3648 #ifdef VMS
3649              || (svp = hv_fetchs(table, "SYS$LOGIN", FALSE))
3650 #endif
3651            )
3652         {
3653             tmps = SvPV_nolen_const(*svp);
3654         }
3655         else {
3656             PUSHs(&PL_sv_zero);
3657             SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
3658             TAINT_PROPER("chdir");
3659             RETURN;
3660         }
3661     }
3662 
3663     TAINT_PROPER("chdir");
3664     if (gv) {
3665 #ifdef HAS_FCHDIR
3666 	IO* const io = GvIO(gv);
3667 	if (io) {
3668 	    if (IoDIRP(io)) {
3669 		PUSHi(fchdir(my_dirfd(IoDIRP(io))) >= 0);
3670 	    } else if (IoIFP(io)) {
3671                 int fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
3672                 if (fd < 0) {
3673                     goto nuts;
3674                 }
3675                 PUSHi(fchdir(fd) >= 0);
3676 	    }
3677 	    else {
3678                 goto nuts;
3679 	    }
3680         } else {
3681             goto nuts;
3682         }
3683 
3684 #else
3685 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "fchdir");
3686 #endif
3687     }
3688     else
3689         PUSHi( PerlDir_chdir(tmps) >= 0 );
3690 #ifdef VMS
3691     /* Clear the DEFAULT element of ENV so we'll get the new value
3692      * in the future. */
3693     hv_delete(GvHVn(PL_envgv),"DEFAULT",7,G_DISCARD);
3694 #endif
3695     RETURN;
3696 
3697 #ifdef HAS_FCHDIR
3698  nuts:
3699     report_evil_fh(gv);
3700     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3701     PUSHs(&PL_sv_zero);
3702     RETURN;
3703 #endif
3704 }
3705 
3706 
3707 /* also used for: pp_chmod() pp_kill() pp_unlink() pp_utime() */
3708 
3709 PP(pp_chown)
3710 {
3711     dSP; dMARK; dTARGET;
3712     const I32 value = (I32)apply(PL_op->op_type, MARK, SP);
3713 
3714     SP = MARK;
3715     XPUSHi(value);
3716     RETURN;
3717 }
3718 
3719 PP(pp_chroot)
3720 {
3721 #ifdef HAS_CHROOT
3722     dSP; dTARGET;
3723     char * const tmps = POPpx;
3724     TAINT_PROPER("chroot");
3725     PUSHi( chroot(tmps) >= 0 );
3726     RETURN;
3727 #else
3728     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "chroot");
3729 #endif
3730 }
3731 
3732 PP(pp_rename)
3733 {
3734     dSP; dTARGET;
3735     int anum;
3736 #ifndef HAS_RENAME
3737     Stat_t statbuf;
3738 #endif
3739     const char * const tmps2 = POPpconstx;
3740     const char * const tmps = SvPV_nolen_const(TOPs);
3741     TAINT_PROPER("rename");
3742 #ifdef HAS_RENAME
3743     anum = PerlLIO_rename(tmps, tmps2);
3744 #else
3745     if (!(anum = PerlLIO_stat(tmps, &statbuf))) {
3746 	if (same_dirent(tmps2, tmps))	/* can always rename to same name */
3747 	    anum = 1;
3748 	else {
3749 	    if (PerlProc_geteuid() || PerlLIO_stat(tmps2, &statbuf) < 0 || !S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
3750 		(void)UNLINK(tmps2);
3751 	    if (!(anum = link(tmps, tmps2)))
3752 		anum = UNLINK(tmps);
3753 	}
3754     }
3755 #endif
3756     SETi( anum >= 0 );
3757     RETURN;
3758 }
3759 
3760 
3761 /* also used for: pp_symlink() */
3762 
3763 #if defined(HAS_LINK) || defined(HAS_SYMLINK)
3764 PP(pp_link)
3765 {
3766     dSP; dTARGET;
3767     const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
3768     int result;
3769 
3770 #  ifndef HAS_LINK
3771     if (op_type == OP_LINK)
3772 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "link");
3773 #  endif
3774 #  ifndef HAS_SYMLINK
3775     if (op_type == OP_SYMLINK)
3776 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "symlink");
3777 #  endif
3778 
3779     {
3780 	const char * const tmps2 = POPpconstx;
3781 	const char * const tmps = SvPV_nolen_const(TOPs);
3782 	TAINT_PROPER(PL_op_desc[op_type]);
3783 	result =
3784 #  if defined(HAS_LINK) && defined(HAS_SYMLINK)
3785 	    /* Both present - need to choose which.  */
3786 	    (op_type == OP_LINK) ?
3787 	    PerlLIO_link(tmps, tmps2) : symlink(tmps, tmps2);
3788 #  elif defined(HAS_LINK)
3789     /* Only have link, so calls to pp_symlink will have DIE()d above.  */
3790 	PerlLIO_link(tmps, tmps2);
3791 #  elif defined(HAS_SYMLINK)
3792     /* Only have symlink, so calls to pp_link will have DIE()d above.  */
3793 	symlink(tmps, tmps2);
3794 #  endif
3795     }
3796 
3797     SETi( result >= 0 );
3798     RETURN;
3799 }
3800 #else
3801 
3802 /* also used for: pp_symlink() */
3803 
3804 PP(pp_link)
3805 {
3806     /* Have neither.  */
3807     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
3808 }
3809 #endif
3810 
3811 PP(pp_readlink)
3812 {
3813     dSP;
3814 #ifdef HAS_SYMLINK
3815     dTARGET;
3816     const char *tmps;
3817     char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
3818     SSize_t len;
3819 
3820     TAINT;
3821     tmps = POPpconstx;
3822     /* NOTE: if the length returned by readlink() is sizeof(buf) - 1,
3823      * it is impossible to know whether the result was truncated. */
3824     len = readlink(tmps, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
3825     if (len < 0)
3826 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
3827     buf[len] = '\0';
3828     PUSHp(buf, len);
3829     RETURN;
3830 #else
3831     EXTEND(SP, 1);
3832     RETSETUNDEF;		/* just pretend it's a normal file */
3833 #endif
3834 }
3835 
3836 #if !defined(HAS_MKDIR) || !defined(HAS_RMDIR)
3837 STATIC int
3838 S_dooneliner(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *filename)
3839 {
3840     char * const save_filename = filename;
3841     char *cmdline;
3842     char *s;
3843     PerlIO *myfp;
3844     int anum = 1;
3845     Size_t size = strlen(cmd) + (strlen(filename) * 2) + 10;
3846 
3847     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOONELINER;
3848 
3849     Newx(cmdline, size, char);
3850     my_strlcpy(cmdline, cmd, size);
3851     my_strlcat(cmdline, " ", size);
3852     for (s = cmdline + strlen(cmdline); *filename; ) {
3853 	*s++ = '\\';
3854 	*s++ = *filename++;
3855     }
3856     if (s - cmdline < size)
3857 	my_strlcpy(s, " 2>&1", size - (s - cmdline));
3858     myfp = PerlProc_popen(cmdline, "r");
3859     Safefree(cmdline);
3860 
3861     if (myfp) {
3862 	SV * const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
3863 	/* Need to save/restore 'PL_rs' ?? */
3864 	s = sv_gets(tmpsv, myfp, 0);
3865 	(void)PerlProc_pclose(myfp);
3866 	if (s != NULL) {
3867 	    int e;
3868 	    for (e = 1;
3869 #ifdef HAS_SYS_ERRLIST
3870 		 e <= sys_nerr
3871 #endif
3872 		 ; e++)
3873 	    {
3874 		/* you don't see this */
3875 		const char * const errmsg = Strerror(e) ;
3876 		if (!errmsg)
3877 		    break;
3878 		if (instr(s, errmsg)) {
3879 		    SETERRNO(e,0);
3880 		    return 0;
3881 		}
3882 	    }
3883 	    SETERRNO(0,0);
3884 #ifndef EACCES
3885 #define EACCES EPERM
3886 #endif
3887 	    if (instr(s, "cannot make"))
3888 		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS_FEX);
3889 	    else if (instr(s, "existing file"))
3890 		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS_FEX);
3891 	    else if (instr(s, "ile exists"))
3892 		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS_FEX);
3893 	    else if (instr(s, "non-exist"))
3894 		SETERRNO(ENOENT,RMS_FNF);
3895 	    else if (instr(s, "does not exist"))
3896 		SETERRNO(ENOENT,RMS_FNF);
3897 	    else if (instr(s, "not empty"))
3898 		SETERRNO(EBUSY,SS_DEVOFFLINE);
3899 	    else if (instr(s, "cannot access"))
3900 		SETERRNO(EACCES,RMS_PRV);
3901 	    else
3902 		SETERRNO(EPERM,RMS_PRV);
3903 	    return 0;
3904 	}
3905 	else {	/* some mkdirs return no failure indication */
3906 	    Stat_t statbuf;
3907 	    anum = (PerlLIO_stat(save_filename, &statbuf) >= 0);
3908 	    if (PL_op->op_type == OP_RMDIR)
3909 		anum = !anum;
3910 	    if (anum)
3911 		SETERRNO(0,0);
3912 	    else
3913 		SETERRNO(EACCES,RMS_PRV);	/* a guess */
3914 	}
3915 	return anum;
3916     }
3917     else
3918 	return 0;
3919 }
3920 #endif
3921 
3922 /* This macro removes trailing slashes from a directory name.
3923  * Different operating and file systems take differently to
3924  * trailing slashes.  According to POSIX 1003.1 1996 Edition
3925  * any number of trailing slashes should be allowed.
3926  * Thusly we snip them away so that even non-conforming
3927  * systems are happy.
3928  * We should probably do this "filtering" for all
3929  * the functions that expect (potentially) directory names:
3930  * -d, chdir(), chmod(), chown(), chroot(), fcntl()?,
3931  * (mkdir()), opendir(), rename(), rmdir(), stat(). --jhi */
3932 
3933 #define TRIMSLASHES(tmps,len,copy) (tmps) = SvPV_const(TOPs, (len)); \
3934     if ((len) > 1 && (tmps)[(len)-1] == '/') { \
3935 	do { \
3936 	    (len)--; \
3937 	} while ((len) > 1 && (tmps)[(len)-1] == '/'); \
3938 	(tmps) = savepvn((tmps), (len)); \
3939 	(copy) = TRUE; \
3940     }
3941 
3942 PP(pp_mkdir)
3943 {
3944     dSP; dTARGET;
3945     STRLEN len;
3946     const char *tmps;
3947     bool copy = FALSE;
3948     const unsigned int mode = (MAXARG > 1 && (TOPs||((void)POPs,0))) ? POPu : 0777;
3949 
3950     TRIMSLASHES(tmps,len,copy);
3951 
3952     TAINT_PROPER("mkdir");
3953 #ifdef HAS_MKDIR
3954     SETi( PerlDir_mkdir(tmps, mode) >= 0 );
3955 #else
3956     {
3957     int oldumask;
3958     SETi( dooneliner("mkdir", tmps) );
3959     oldumask = PerlLIO_umask(0);
3960     PerlLIO_umask(oldumask);
3961     PerlLIO_chmod(tmps, (mode & ~oldumask) & 0777);
3962     }
3963 #endif
3964     if (copy)
3965 	Safefree(tmps);
3966     RETURN;
3967 }
3968 
3969 PP(pp_rmdir)
3970 {
3971     dSP; dTARGET;
3972     STRLEN len;
3973     const char *tmps;
3974     bool copy = FALSE;
3975 
3976     TRIMSLASHES(tmps,len,copy);
3977     TAINT_PROPER("rmdir");
3978 #ifdef HAS_RMDIR
3979     SETi( PerlDir_rmdir(tmps) >= 0 );
3980 #else
3981     SETi( dooneliner("rmdir", tmps) );
3982 #endif
3983     if (copy)
3984 	Safefree(tmps);
3985     RETURN;
3986 }
3987 
3988 /* Directory calls. */
3989 
3990 PP(pp_open_dir)
3991 {
3992 #if defined(Direntry_t) && defined(HAS_READDIR)
3993     dSP;
3994     const char * const dirname = POPpconstx;
3995     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
3996     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
3997 
3998     if ((IoIFP(io) || IoOFP(io)))
3999 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot open %" HEKf " as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle",
4000 			 HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
4001     if (IoDIRP(io))
4002 	PerlDir_close(IoDIRP(io));
4003     if (!(IoDIRP(io) = PerlDir_open(dirname)))
4004 	goto nope;
4005 
4006     RETPUSHYES;
4007   nope:
4008     if (!errno)
4009 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_DIR);
4010     RETPUSHUNDEF;
4011 #else
4012     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "opendir");
4013 #endif
4014 }
4015 
4016 PP(pp_readdir)
4017 {
4018 #if !defined(Direntry_t) || !defined(HAS_READDIR)
4019     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "readdir");
4020 #else
4021 #if !defined(I_DIRENT) && !defined(VMS)
4022     Direntry_t *readdir (DIR *);
4023 #endif
4024     dSP;
4025 
4026     SV *sv;
4027     const U8 gimme = GIMME_V;
4028     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
4029     const Direntry_t *dp;
4030     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
4031 
4032     if (!IoDIRP(io)) {
4033 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
4034 		       "readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %" HEKf,
4035                             HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
4036         goto nope;
4037     }
4038 
4039     do {
4040         dp = (Direntry_t *)PerlDir_read(IoDIRP(io));
4041         if (!dp)
4042             break;
4043 #ifdef DIRNAMLEN
4044         sv = newSVpvn(dp->d_name, dp->d_namlen);
4045 #else
4046         sv = newSVpv(dp->d_name, 0);
4047 #endif
4048         if (!(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_UNTAINT))
4049             SvTAINTED_on(sv);
4050         mXPUSHs(sv);
4051     } while (gimme == G_ARRAY);
4052 
4053     if (!dp && gimme != G_ARRAY)
4054         RETPUSHUNDEF;
4055 
4056     RETURN;
4057 
4058   nope:
4059     if (!errno)
4060 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
4061     if (gimme == G_ARRAY)
4062 	RETURN;
4063     else
4064 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
4065 #endif
4066 }
4067 
4068 PP(pp_telldir)
4069 {
4070 #if defined(HAS_TELLDIR) || defined(telldir)
4071     dSP; dTARGET;
4072  /* XXX does _anyone_ need this? --AD 2/20/1998 */
4073  /* XXX netbsd still seemed to.
4074     XXX HAS_TELLDIR_PROTO is new style, NEED_TELLDIR_PROTO is old style.
4075     --JHI 1999-Feb-02 */
4076 # if !defined(HAS_TELLDIR_PROTO) || defined(NEED_TELLDIR_PROTO)
4077     long telldir (DIR *);
4078 # endif
4079     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
4080     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
4081 
4082     if (!IoDIRP(io)) {
4083 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
4084 		       "telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %" HEKf,
4085                             HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
4086         goto nope;
4087     }
4088 
4089     PUSHi( PerlDir_tell(IoDIRP(io)) );
4090     RETURN;
4091   nope:
4092     if (!errno)
4093 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
4094     RETPUSHUNDEF;
4095 #else
4096     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "telldir");
4097 #endif
4098 }
4099 
4100 PP(pp_seekdir)
4101 {
4102 #if defined(HAS_SEEKDIR) || defined(seekdir)
4103     dSP;
4104     const long along = POPl;
4105     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
4106     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
4107 
4108     if (!IoDIRP(io)) {
4109 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
4110 		       "seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %" HEKf,
4111                                 HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
4112         goto nope;
4113     }
4114     (void)PerlDir_seek(IoDIRP(io), along);
4115 
4116     RETPUSHYES;
4117   nope:
4118     if (!errno)
4119 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
4120     RETPUSHUNDEF;
4121 #else
4122     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "seekdir");
4123 #endif
4124 }
4125 
4126 PP(pp_rewinddir)
4127 {
4128 #if defined(HAS_REWINDDIR) || defined(rewinddir)
4129     dSP;
4130     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
4131     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
4132 
4133     if (!IoDIRP(io)) {
4134 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
4135 		       "rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %" HEKf,
4136                                 HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
4137 	goto nope;
4138     }
4139     (void)PerlDir_rewind(IoDIRP(io));
4140     RETPUSHYES;
4141   nope:
4142     if (!errno)
4143 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
4144     RETPUSHUNDEF;
4145 #else
4146     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "rewinddir");
4147 #endif
4148 }
4149 
4150 PP(pp_closedir)
4151 {
4152 #if defined(Direntry_t) && defined(HAS_READDIR)
4153     dSP;
4154     GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
4155     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
4156 
4157     if (!IoDIRP(io)) {
4158 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
4159 		       "closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %" HEKf,
4160                                 HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
4161         goto nope;
4162     }
4163 #ifdef VOID_CLOSEDIR
4164     PerlDir_close(IoDIRP(io));
4165 #else
4166     if (PerlDir_close(IoDIRP(io)) < 0) {
4167 	IoDIRP(io) = 0; /* Don't try to close again--coredumps on SysV */
4168 	goto nope;
4169     }
4170 #endif
4171     IoDIRP(io) = 0;
4172 
4173     RETPUSHYES;
4174   nope:
4175     if (!errno)
4176 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
4177     RETPUSHUNDEF;
4178 #else
4179     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "closedir");
4180 #endif
4181 }
4182 
4183 /* Process control. */
4184 
4185 PP(pp_fork)
4186 {
4187 #ifdef HAS_FORK
4188     dSP; dTARGET;
4189     Pid_t childpid;
4190 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4191     sigset_t oldmask, newmask;
4192 #endif
4193 
4194     EXTEND(SP, 1);
4195     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
4196 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4197     sigfillset(&newmask);
4198     sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &newmask, &oldmask);
4199 #endif
4200     childpid = PerlProc_fork();
4201     if (childpid == 0) {
4202 	int sig;
4203 	PL_sig_pending = 0;
4204 	if (PL_psig_pend)
4205 	    for (sig = 1; sig < SIG_SIZE; sig++)
4206 		PL_psig_pend[sig] = 0;
4207     }
4208 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4209     {
4210 	dSAVE_ERRNO;
4211 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldmask, NULL);
4212 	RESTORE_ERRNO;
4213     }
4214 #endif
4215     if (childpid < 0)
4216 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
4217     if (!childpid) {
4218 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
4219 	hv_clear(PL_pidstatus);	/* no kids, so don't wait for 'em */
4220 #endif
4221     }
4222     PUSHi(childpid);
4223     RETURN;
4224 #elif (defined(USE_ITHREADS) && defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)) || defined(__amigaos4__)
4225     dSP; dTARGET;
4226     Pid_t childpid;
4227 
4228     EXTEND(SP, 1);
4229     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
4230     childpid = PerlProc_fork();
4231     if (childpid == -1)
4232 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
4233     PUSHi(childpid);
4234     RETURN;
4235 #else
4236     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "fork");
4237 #endif
4238 }
4239 
4240 PP(pp_wait)
4241 {
4242 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
4243     dSP; dTARGET;
4244     Pid_t childpid;
4245     int argflags;
4246 
4247     if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
4248         childpid = wait4pid(-1, &argflags, 0);
4249     else {
4250         while ((childpid = wait4pid(-1, &argflags, 0)) == -1 &&
4251 	       errno == EINTR) {
4252 	  PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
4253 	}
4254     }
4255 #  if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)
4256     /* 0 and -1 are both error returns (the former applies to WNOHANG case) */
4257     STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET((childpid && childpid != -1) ? argflags : -1);
4258 #  else
4259     STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET((childpid > 0) ? argflags : -1);
4260 #  endif
4261     XPUSHi(childpid);
4262     RETURN;
4263 #else
4264     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "wait");
4265 #endif
4266 }
4267 
4268 PP(pp_waitpid)
4269 {
4270 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
4271     dSP; dTARGET;
4272     const int optype = POPi;
4273     const Pid_t pid = TOPi;
4274     Pid_t result;
4275 #ifdef __amigaos4__
4276     int argflags = 0;
4277     result = amigaos_waitpid(aTHX_ optype, pid, &argflags);
4278     STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET((result >= 0) ? argflags : -1);
4279     result = result == 0 ? pid : -1;
4280 #else
4281     int argflags;
4282 
4283     if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
4284         result = wait4pid(pid, &argflags, optype);
4285     else {
4286         while ((result = wait4pid(pid, &argflags, optype)) == -1 &&
4287 	       errno == EINTR) {
4288 	  PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
4289 	}
4290     }
4291 #  if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)
4292     /* 0 and -1 are both error returns (the former applies to WNOHANG case) */
4293     STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET((result && result != -1) ? argflags : -1);
4294 #  else
4295     STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET((result > 0) ? argflags : -1);
4296 #  endif
4297 # endif /* __amigaos4__ */
4298     SETi(result);
4299     RETURN;
4300 #else
4301     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "waitpid");
4302 #endif
4303 }
4304 
4305 PP(pp_system)
4306 {
4307     dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4308 #if defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
4309     PL_statusvalue = -1;
4310     SP = ORIGMARK;
4311     XPUSHi(-1);
4312 #else
4313     I32 value;
4314 # ifdef __amigaos4__
4315     void * result;
4316 # else
4317     int result;
4318 # endif
4319 
4320     while (++MARK <= SP) {
4321 	SV *origsv = *MARK, *copysv;
4322 	STRLEN len;
4323 	char *pv;
4324 	SvGETMAGIC(origsv);
4325 #if defined(WIN32) || defined(__VMS)
4326 	/*
4327 	 * Because of a nasty platform-specific variation on the meaning
4328 	 * of arguments to this op, we must preserve numeric arguments
4329 	 * as numeric, not just retain the string value.
4330 	 */
4331 	if (SvNIOK(origsv) || SvNIOKp(origsv)) {
4332 	    copysv = newSV_type(SVt_PVNV);
4333 	    sv_2mortal(copysv);
4334 	    if (SvPOK(origsv) || SvPOKp(origsv)) {
4335 		pv = SvPV_nomg(origsv, len);
4336 		sv_setpvn(copysv, pv, len);
4337 		SvPOK_off(copysv);
4338 	    }
4339 	    if (SvIOK(origsv) || SvIOKp(origsv))
4340 		SvIV_set(copysv, SvIVX(origsv));
4341 	    if (SvNOK(origsv) || SvNOKp(origsv))
4342 		SvNV_set(copysv, SvNVX(origsv));
4343 	    SvFLAGS(copysv) |= SvFLAGS(origsv) &
4344 		(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVf_POK|SVp_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVp_POK|
4345 		    SVf_UTF8|SVf_IVisUV);
4346 	} else
4347 #endif
4348 	{
4349 	    pv = SvPV_nomg(origsv, len);
4350 	    copysv = newSVpvn_flags(pv, len,
4351 			(SvFLAGS(origsv) & SVf_UTF8) | SVs_TEMP);
4352 	}
4353 	*MARK = copysv;
4354     }
4355     MARK = ORIGMARK;
4356 
4357     if (TAINTING_get) {
4358 	TAINT_ENV();
4359 	TAINT_PROPER("system");
4360     }
4361     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
4362 #if (defined(HAS_FORK) || defined(__amigaos4__)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(OS2) || defined(PERL_MICRO)
4363     {
4364 #ifdef __amigaos4__
4365         struct UserData userdata;
4366         pthread_t proc;
4367 #else
4368 	Pid_t childpid;
4369 #endif
4370 	int pp[2];
4371 	I32 did_pipes = 0;
4372         bool child_success = FALSE;
4373 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4374 	sigset_t newset, oldset;
4375 #endif
4376 
4377 	if (PerlProc_pipe_cloexec(pp) >= 0)
4378 	    did_pipes = 1;
4379 #ifdef __amigaos4__
4380         amigaos_fork_set_userdata(aTHX_
4381                                   &userdata,
4382                                   did_pipes,
4383                                   pp[1],
4384                                   SP,
4385                                   mark);
4386         pthread_create(&proc,NULL,amigaos_system_child,(void *)&userdata);
4387         child_success = proc > 0;
4388 #else
4389 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4390 	sigemptyset(&newset);
4391 	sigaddset(&newset, SIGCHLD);
4392 	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &newset, &oldset);
4393 #endif
4394 	while ((childpid = PerlProc_fork()) == -1) {
4395 	    if (errno != EAGAIN) {
4396 		value = -1;
4397 		SP = ORIGMARK;
4398 		XPUSHi(value);
4399 		if (did_pipes) {
4400 		    PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
4401 		    PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
4402 		}
4403 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4404 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
4405 #endif
4406 		RETURN;
4407 	    }
4408 	    sleep(5);
4409 	}
4410         child_success = childpid > 0;
4411 #endif
4412 	if (child_success) {
4413 	    Sigsave_t ihand,qhand; /* place to save signals during system() */
4414 	    int status;
4415 
4416 #ifndef __amigaos4__
4417 	    if (did_pipes)
4418 		PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
4419 #endif
4420 #ifndef PERL_MICRO
4421 	    rsignal_save(SIGINT,  (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN, &ihand);
4422 	    rsignal_save(SIGQUIT, (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN, &qhand);
4423 #endif
4424 #ifdef __amigaos4__
4425             result = pthread_join(proc, (void **)&status);
4426 #else
4427 	    do {
4428 		result = wait4pid(childpid, &status, 0);
4429 	    } while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
4430 #endif
4431 #ifndef PERL_MICRO
4432 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4433 	    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
4434 #endif
4435 	    (void)rsignal_restore(SIGINT, &ihand);
4436 	    (void)rsignal_restore(SIGQUIT, &qhand);
4437 #endif
4438 	    STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET(result == -1 ? -1 : status);
4439 	    SP = ORIGMARK;
4440 	    if (did_pipes) {
4441 		int errkid;
4442 		unsigned n = 0;
4443 
4444 		while (n < sizeof(int)) {
4445                     const SSize_t n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
4446 				      (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
4447 				      (sizeof(int)) - n);
4448 		    if (n1 <= 0)
4449 			break;
4450 		    n += n1;
4451 		}
4452 		PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
4453 		if (n) {			/* Error */
4454 		    if (n != sizeof(int))
4455 			DIE(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read, n=%u", n);
4456 		    errno = errkid;		/* Propagate errno from kid */
4457 #ifdef __amigaos4__
4458                     /* The pipe always has something in it
4459                      * so n alone is not enough. */
4460                     if (errno > 0)
4461 #endif
4462                     {
4463                         STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET(-1);
4464                     }
4465 		}
4466 	    }
4467 	    XPUSHi(STATUS_CURRENT);
4468 	    RETURN;
4469 	}
4470 #ifndef __amigaos4__
4471 #ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
4472 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
4473 #endif
4474 	if (did_pipes)
4475 	    PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
4476 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4477 	    SV * const really = *++MARK;
4478 	    value = (I32)do_aexec5(really, MARK, SP, pp[1], did_pipes);
4479 	}
4480 	else if (SP - MARK != 1)
4481 	    value = (I32)do_aexec5(NULL, MARK, SP, pp[1], did_pipes);
4482 	else {
4483 	    value = (I32)do_exec3(SvPVx_nolen(sv_mortalcopy(*SP)), pp[1], did_pipes);
4484 	}
4485 #endif /* __amigaos4__ */
4486 	PerlProc__exit(-1);
4487     }
4488 #else /* ! FORK or VMS or OS/2 */
4489     PL_statusvalue = 0;
4490     result = 0;
4491     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4492 	SV * const really = *++MARK;
4493 #  if defined(WIN32) || defined(OS2) || defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__VMS)
4494 	value = (I32)do_aspawn(really, MARK, SP);
4495 #  else
4496 	value = (I32)do_aspawn(really, (void **)MARK, (void **)SP);
4497 #  endif
4498     }
4499     else if (SP - MARK != 1) {
4500 #  if defined(WIN32) || defined(OS2) || defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__VMS)
4501 	value = (I32)do_aspawn(NULL, MARK, SP);
4502 #  else
4503 	value = (I32)do_aspawn(NULL, (void **)MARK, (void **)SP);
4504 #  endif
4505     }
4506     else {
4507 	value = (I32)do_spawn(SvPVx_nolen(sv_mortalcopy(*SP)));
4508     }
4509     if (PL_statusvalue == -1)	/* hint that value must be returned as is */
4510 	result = 1;
4511     STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET(value);
4512     SP = ORIGMARK;
4513     XPUSHi(result ? value : STATUS_CURRENT);
4514 #endif /* !FORK or VMS or OS/2 */
4515 #endif
4516     RETURN;
4517 }
4518 
4519 PP(pp_exec)
4520 {
4521     dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4522     I32 value;
4523 
4524     if (TAINTING_get) {
4525 	TAINT_ENV();
4526 	while (++MARK <= SP) {
4527 	    (void)SvPV_nolen_const(*MARK);      /* stringify for taint check */
4528 	    if (TAINT_get)
4529 		break;
4530 	}
4531 	MARK = ORIGMARK;
4532 	TAINT_PROPER("exec");
4533     }
4534 
4535     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
4536     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4537 	SV * const really = *++MARK;
4538 	value = (I32)do_aexec(really, MARK, SP);
4539     }
4540     else if (SP - MARK != 1)
4541 #ifdef VMS
4542 	value = (I32)vms_do_aexec(NULL, MARK, SP);
4543 #else
4544 	value = (I32)do_aexec(NULL, MARK, SP);
4545 #endif
4546     else {
4547 #ifdef VMS
4548 	value = (I32)vms_do_exec(SvPVx_nolen(sv_mortalcopy(*SP)));
4549 #else
4550 	value = (I32)do_exec(SvPVx_nolen(sv_mortalcopy(*SP)));
4551 #endif
4552     }
4553     SP = ORIGMARK;
4554     XPUSHi(value);
4555     RETURN;
4556 }
4557 
4558 PP(pp_getppid)
4559 {
4560 #ifdef HAS_GETPPID
4561     dSP; dTARGET;
4562     XPUSHi( getppid() );
4563     RETURN;
4564 #else
4565     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getppid");
4566 #endif
4567 }
4568 
4569 PP(pp_getpgrp)
4570 {
4571 #ifdef HAS_GETPGRP
4572     dSP; dTARGET;
4573     Pid_t pgrp;
4574     const Pid_t pid =
4575 	(MAXARG < 1) ? 0 : TOPs ? SvIVx(POPs) : ((void)POPs, 0);
4576 
4577 #ifdef BSD_GETPGRP
4578     pgrp = (I32)BSD_GETPGRP(pid);
4579 #else
4580     if (pid != 0 && pid != PerlProc_getpid())
4581 	DIE(aTHX_ "POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument");
4582     pgrp = getpgrp();
4583 #endif
4584     XPUSHi(pgrp);
4585     RETURN;
4586 #else
4587     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getpgrp");
4588 #endif
4589 }
4590 
4591 PP(pp_setpgrp)
4592 {
4593 #ifdef HAS_SETPGRP
4594     dSP; dTARGET;
4595     Pid_t pgrp;
4596     Pid_t pid;
4597     pgrp = MAXARG == 2 && (TOPs||POPs) ? POPi : 0;
4598     if (MAXARG > 0) pid = TOPs ? TOPi : 0;
4599     else {
4600 	pid = 0;
4601 	EXTEND(SP,1);
4602 	SP++;
4603     }
4604 
4605     TAINT_PROPER("setpgrp");
4606 #ifdef BSD_SETPGRP
4607     SETi( BSD_SETPGRP(pid, pgrp) >= 0 );
4608 #else
4609     if ((pgrp != 0 && pgrp != PerlProc_getpid())
4610 	|| (pid != 0 && pid != PerlProc_getpid()))
4611     {
4612 	DIE(aTHX_ "setpgrp can't take arguments");
4613     }
4614     SETi( setpgrp() >= 0 );
4615 #endif /* USE_BSDPGRP */
4616     RETURN;
4617 #else
4618     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "setpgrp");
4619 #endif
4620 }
4621 
4622 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && ((__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 3) || (__GLIBC__ > 2))
4623 #  define PRIORITY_WHICH_T(which) (__priority_which_t)which
4624 #else
4625 #  define PRIORITY_WHICH_T(which) which
4626 #endif
4627 
4628 PP(pp_getpriority)
4629 {
4630 #ifdef HAS_GETPRIORITY
4631     dSP; dTARGET;
4632     const int who = POPi;
4633     const int which = TOPi;
4634     SETi( getpriority(PRIORITY_WHICH_T(which), who) );
4635     RETURN;
4636 #else
4637     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getpriority");
4638 #endif
4639 }
4640 
4641 PP(pp_setpriority)
4642 {
4643 #ifdef HAS_SETPRIORITY
4644     dSP; dTARGET;
4645     const int niceval = POPi;
4646     const int who = POPi;
4647     const int which = TOPi;
4648     TAINT_PROPER("setpriority");
4649     SETi( setpriority(PRIORITY_WHICH_T(which), who, niceval) >= 0 );
4650     RETURN;
4651 #else
4652     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "setpriority");
4653 #endif
4654 }
4655 
4656 #undef PRIORITY_WHICH_T
4657 
4658 /* Time calls. */
4659 
4660 PP(pp_time)
4661 {
4662     dSP; dTARGET;
4663 #ifdef BIG_TIME
4664     XPUSHn( time(NULL) );
4665 #else
4666     XPUSHi( time(NULL) );
4667 #endif
4668     RETURN;
4669 }
4670 
4671 PP(pp_tms)
4672 {
4673 #ifdef HAS_TIMES
4674     dSP;
4675     struct tms timesbuf;
4676 
4677     EXTEND(SP, 4);
4678     (void)PerlProc_times(&timesbuf);
4679 
4680     mPUSHn(((NV)timesbuf.tms_utime)/(NV)PL_clocktick);
4681     if (GIMME_V == G_ARRAY) {
4682 	mPUSHn(((NV)timesbuf.tms_stime)/(NV)PL_clocktick);
4683 	mPUSHn(((NV)timesbuf.tms_cutime)/(NV)PL_clocktick);
4684 	mPUSHn(((NV)timesbuf.tms_cstime)/(NV)PL_clocktick);
4685     }
4686     RETURN;
4687 #elif defined(PERL_MICRO)
4688     dSP;
4689     mPUSHn(0.0);
4690     EXTEND(SP, 4);
4691     if (GIMME_V == G_ARRAY) {
4692 	 mPUSHn(0.0);
4693 	 mPUSHn(0.0);
4694 	 mPUSHn(0.0);
4695     }
4696     RETURN;
4697 #else
4698     DIE(aTHX_ "times not implemented");
4699 #endif /* HAS_TIMES */
4700 }
4701 
4702 /* The 32 bit int year limits the times we can represent to these
4703    boundaries with a few days wiggle room to account for time zone
4704    offsets
4705 */
4706 /* Sat Jan  3 00:00:00 -2147481748 */
4707 #define TIME_LOWER_BOUND -67768100567755200.0
4708 /* Sun Dec 29 12:00:00  2147483647 */
4709 #define TIME_UPPER_BOUND  67767976233316800.0
4710 
4711 
4712 /* also used for: pp_localtime() */
4713 
4714 PP(pp_gmtime)
4715 {
4716     dSP;
4717     Time64_T when;
4718     struct TM tmbuf;
4719     struct TM *err;
4720     const char *opname = PL_op->op_type == OP_LOCALTIME ? "localtime" : "gmtime";
4721     static const char * const dayname[] =
4722 	{"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"};
4723     static const char * const monname[] =
4724 	{"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
4725 	 "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
4726 
4727     if (MAXARG < 1 || (!TOPs && ((void)POPs, 1))) {
4728 	time_t now;
4729 	(void)time(&now);
4730 	when = (Time64_T)now;
4731     }
4732     else {
4733 	NV input = Perl_floor(POPn);
4734 	const bool pl_isnan = Perl_isnan(input);
4735 	when = (Time64_T)input;
4736 	if (UNLIKELY(pl_isnan || when != input)) {
4737 	    /* diag_listed_as: gmtime(%f) too large */
4738 	    Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_OVERFLOW),
4739 			   "%s(%.0" NVff ") too large", opname, input);
4740 	    if (pl_isnan) {
4741 		err = NULL;
4742 		goto failed;
4743 	    }
4744 	}
4745     }
4746 
4747     if ( TIME_LOWER_BOUND > when ) {
4748 	/* diag_listed_as: gmtime(%f) too small */
4749 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_OVERFLOW),
4750 		       "%s(%.0" NVff ") too small", opname, when);
4751 	err = NULL;
4752     }
4753     else if( when > TIME_UPPER_BOUND ) {
4754 	/* diag_listed_as: gmtime(%f) too small */
4755 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_OVERFLOW),
4756 		       "%s(%.0" NVff ") too large", opname, when);
4757 	err = NULL;
4758     }
4759     else {
4760 	if (PL_op->op_type == OP_LOCALTIME)
4761 	    err = Perl_localtime64_r(&when, &tmbuf);
4762 	else
4763 	    err = Perl_gmtime64_r(&when, &tmbuf);
4764     }
4765 
4766     if (err == NULL) {
4767 	/* diag_listed_as: gmtime(%f) failed */
4768 	/* XXX %lld broken for quads */
4769       failed:
4770 	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_OVERFLOW),
4771 		       "%s(%.0" NVff ") failed", opname, when);
4772     }
4773 
4774     if (GIMME_V != G_ARRAY) {	/* scalar context */
4775         EXTEND(SP, 1);
4776 	if (err == NULL)
4777 	    RETPUSHUNDEF;
4778        else {
4779            dTARGET;
4780            PUSHs(TARG);
4781            Perl_sv_setpvf_mg(aTHX_ TARG, "%s %s %2d %02d:%02d:%02d %" IVdf,
4782                                 dayname[tmbuf.tm_wday],
4783                                 monname[tmbuf.tm_mon],
4784                                 tmbuf.tm_mday,
4785                                 tmbuf.tm_hour,
4786                                 tmbuf.tm_min,
4787                                 tmbuf.tm_sec,
4788                                 (IV)tmbuf.tm_year + 1900);
4789         }
4790     }
4791     else {			/* list context */
4792 	if ( err == NULL )
4793 	    RETURN;
4794 
4795         EXTEND(SP, 9);
4796         EXTEND_MORTAL(9);
4797         mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_sec);
4798 	mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_min);
4799 	mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_hour);
4800 	mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_mday);
4801 	mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_mon);
4802 	mPUSHn(tmbuf.tm_year);
4803 	mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_wday);
4804 	mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_yday);
4805 	mPUSHi(tmbuf.tm_isdst);
4806     }
4807     RETURN;
4808 }
4809 
4810 PP(pp_alarm)
4811 {
4812 #ifdef HAS_ALARM
4813     dSP; dTARGET;
4814     /* alarm() takes an unsigned int number of seconds, and return the
4815      * unsigned int number of seconds remaining in the previous alarm
4816      * (alarms don't stack).  Therefore negative return values are not
4817      * possible. */
4818     int anum = POPi;
4819     if (anum < 0) {
4820         /* Note that while the C library function alarm() as such has
4821          * no errors defined (or in other words, properly behaving client
4822          * code shouldn't expect any), alarm() being obsoleted by
4823          * setitimer() and often being implemented in terms of
4824          * setitimer(), can fail. */
4825         /* diag_listed_as: %s() with negative argument */
4826         Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4827                          "alarm() with negative argument");
4828         SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
4829         RETPUSHUNDEF;
4830     }
4831     else {
4832         unsigned int retval = alarm(anum);
4833         if ((int)retval < 0) /* Strictly speaking "cannot happen". */
4834             RETPUSHUNDEF;
4835         PUSHu(retval);
4836         RETURN;
4837     }
4838 #else
4839     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "alarm");
4840 #endif
4841 }
4842 
4843 PP(pp_sleep)
4844 {
4845     dSP; dTARGET;
4846     Time_t lasttime;
4847     Time_t when;
4848 
4849     (void)time(&lasttime);
4850     if (MAXARG < 1 || (!TOPs && !POPs))
4851 	PerlProc_pause();
4852     else {
4853         const I32 duration = POPi;
4854         if (duration < 0) {
4855           /* diag_listed_as: %s() with negative argument */
4856           Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4857                            "sleep() with negative argument");
4858           SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
4859           XPUSHs(&PL_sv_zero);
4860           RETURN;
4861         } else {
4862           PerlProc_sleep((unsigned int)duration);
4863         }
4864     }
4865     (void)time(&when);
4866     XPUSHi(when - lasttime);
4867     RETURN;
4868 }
4869 
4870 /* Shared memory. */
4871 /* Merged with some message passing. */
4872 
4873 /* also used for: pp_msgrcv() pp_msgsnd() pp_semop() pp_shmread() */
4874 
4875 PP(pp_shmwrite)
4876 {
4877 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
4878     dSP; dMARK; dTARGET;
4879     const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
4880     I32 value;
4881 
4882     switch (op_type) {
4883     case OP_MSGSND:
4884 	value = (I32)(do_msgsnd(MARK, SP) >= 0);
4885 	break;
4886     case OP_MSGRCV:
4887 	value = (I32)(do_msgrcv(MARK, SP) >= 0);
4888 	break;
4889     case OP_SEMOP:
4890 	value = (I32)(do_semop(MARK, SP) >= 0);
4891 	break;
4892     default:
4893 	value = (I32)(do_shmio(op_type, MARK, SP) >= 0);
4894 	break;
4895     }
4896 
4897     SP = MARK;
4898     PUSHi(value);
4899     RETURN;
4900 #else
4901     return Perl_pp_semget(aTHX);
4902 #endif
4903 }
4904 
4905 /* Semaphores. */
4906 
4907 /* also used for: pp_msgget() pp_shmget() */
4908 
4909 PP(pp_semget)
4910 {
4911 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
4912     dSP; dMARK; dTARGET;
4913     const int anum = do_ipcget(PL_op->op_type, MARK, SP);
4914     SP = MARK;
4915     if (anum == -1)
4916 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
4917     PUSHi(anum);
4918     RETURN;
4919 #else
4920     DIE(aTHX_ "System V IPC is not implemented on this machine");
4921 #endif
4922 }
4923 
4924 /* also used for: pp_msgctl() pp_shmctl() */
4925 
4926 PP(pp_semctl)
4927 {
4928 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
4929     dSP; dMARK; dTARGET;
4930     const int anum = do_ipcctl(PL_op->op_type, MARK, SP);
4931     SP = MARK;
4932     if (anum == -1)
4933 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
4934     if (anum != 0) {
4935 	PUSHi(anum);
4936     }
4937     else {
4938 	PUSHp(zero_but_true, ZBTLEN);
4939     }
4940     RETURN;
4941 #else
4942     return Perl_pp_semget(aTHX);
4943 #endif
4944 }
4945 
4946 /* I can't const this further without getting warnings about the types of
4947    various arrays passed in from structures.  */
4948 static SV *
4949 S_space_join_names_mortal(pTHX_ char *const *array)
4950 {
4951     SV *target;
4952 
4953     if (array && *array) {
4954 	target = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
4955 	while (1) {
4956 	    sv_catpv(target, *array);
4957 	    if (!*++array)
4958 		break;
4959 	    sv_catpvs(target, " ");
4960 	}
4961     } else {
4962 	target = sv_mortalcopy(&PL_sv_no);
4963     }
4964     return target;
4965 }
4966 
4967 /* Get system info. */
4968 
4969 /* also used for: pp_ghbyaddr() pp_ghbyname() */
4970 
4971 PP(pp_ghostent)
4972 {
4973 #if defined(HAS_GETHOSTBYNAME) || defined(HAS_GETHOSTBYADDR) || defined(HAS_GETHOSTENT)
4974     dSP;
4975     I32 which = PL_op->op_type;
4976     char **elem;
4977     SV *sv;
4978 #ifndef HAS_GETHOST_PROTOS /* XXX Do we need individual probes? */
4979     struct hostent *gethostbyaddr(Netdb_host_t, Netdb_hlen_t, int);
4980     struct hostent *gethostbyname(Netdb_name_t);
4981     struct hostent *gethostent(void);
4982 #endif
4983     struct hostent *hent = NULL;
4984     unsigned long len;
4985 
4986     EXTEND(SP, 10);
4987     if (which == OP_GHBYNAME) {
4988 #ifdef HAS_GETHOSTBYNAME
4989 	const char* const name = POPpbytex;
4990 	hent = PerlSock_gethostbyname(name);
4991 #else
4992 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "gethostbyname");
4993 #endif
4994     }
4995     else if (which == OP_GHBYADDR) {
4996 #ifdef HAS_GETHOSTBYADDR
4997 	const int addrtype = POPi;
4998 	SV * const addrsv = POPs;
4999 	STRLEN addrlen;
5000 	const char *addr = (char *)SvPVbyte(addrsv, addrlen);
5001 
5002 	hent = PerlSock_gethostbyaddr(addr, (Netdb_hlen_t) addrlen, addrtype);
5003 #else
5004 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "gethostbyaddr");
5005 #endif
5006     }
5007     else
5008 #ifdef HAS_GETHOSTENT
5009 	hent = PerlSock_gethostent();
5010 #else
5011 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "gethostent");
5012 #endif
5013 
5014 #ifdef HOST_NOT_FOUND
5015 	if (!hent) {
5016 #ifdef USE_REENTRANT_API
5017 #   ifdef USE_GETHOSTENT_ERRNO
5018 	    h_errno = PL_reentrant_buffer->_gethostent_errno;
5019 #   endif
5020 #endif
5021 	    STATUS_UNIX_SET(h_errno);
5022 	}
5023 #endif
5024 
5025     if (GIMME_V != G_ARRAY) {
5026 	PUSHs(sv = sv_newmortal());
5027 	if (hent) {
5028 	    if (which == OP_GHBYNAME) {
5029 		if (hent->h_addr)
5030 		    sv_setpvn(sv, hent->h_addr, hent->h_length);
5031 	    }
5032 	    else
5033 		sv_setpv(sv, (char*)hent->h_name);
5034 	}
5035 	RETURN;
5036     }
5037 
5038     if (hent) {
5039 	mPUSHs(newSVpv((char*)hent->h_name, 0));
5040 	PUSHs(space_join_names_mortal(hent->h_aliases));
5041 	mPUSHi(hent->h_addrtype);
5042 	len = hent->h_length;
5043 	mPUSHi(len);
5044 #ifdef h_addr
5045 	for (elem = hent->h_addr_list; elem && *elem; elem++) {
5046 	    mXPUSHp(*elem, len);
5047 	}
5048 #else
5049 	if (hent->h_addr)
5050 	    mPUSHp(hent->h_addr, len);
5051 	else
5052 	    PUSHs(sv_mortalcopy(&PL_sv_no));
5053 #endif /* h_addr */
5054     }
5055     RETURN;
5056 #else
5057     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5058 #endif
5059 }
5060 
5061 /* also used for: pp_gnbyaddr() pp_gnbyname() */
5062 
5063 PP(pp_gnetent)
5064 {
5065 #if defined(HAS_GETNETBYNAME) || defined(HAS_GETNETBYADDR) || defined(HAS_GETNETENT)
5066     dSP;
5067     I32 which = PL_op->op_type;
5068     SV *sv;
5069 #ifndef HAS_GETNET_PROTOS /* XXX Do we need individual probes? */
5070     struct netent *getnetbyaddr(Netdb_net_t, int);
5071     struct netent *getnetbyname(Netdb_name_t);
5072     struct netent *getnetent(void);
5073 #endif
5074     struct netent *nent;
5075 
5076     if (which == OP_GNBYNAME){
5077 #ifdef HAS_GETNETBYNAME
5078 	const char * const name = POPpbytex;
5079 	nent = PerlSock_getnetbyname(name);
5080 #else
5081         DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getnetbyname");
5082 #endif
5083     }
5084     else if (which == OP_GNBYADDR) {
5085 #ifdef HAS_GETNETBYADDR
5086 	const int addrtype = POPi;
5087 	const Netdb_net_t addr = (Netdb_net_t) (U32)POPu;
5088 	nent = PerlSock_getnetbyaddr(addr, addrtype);
5089 #else
5090 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getnetbyaddr");
5091 #endif
5092     }
5093     else
5094 #ifdef HAS_GETNETENT
5095 	nent = PerlSock_getnetent();
5096 #else
5097         DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getnetent");
5098 #endif
5099 
5100 #ifdef HOST_NOT_FOUND
5101 	if (!nent) {
5102 #ifdef USE_REENTRANT_API
5103 #   ifdef USE_GETNETENT_ERRNO
5104 	     h_errno = PL_reentrant_buffer->_getnetent_errno;
5105 #   endif
5106 #endif
5107 	    STATUS_UNIX_SET(h_errno);
5108 	}
5109 #endif
5110 
5111     EXTEND(SP, 4);
5112     if (GIMME_V != G_ARRAY) {
5113 	PUSHs(sv = sv_newmortal());
5114 	if (nent) {
5115 	    if (which == OP_GNBYNAME)
5116 		sv_setiv(sv, (IV)nent->n_net);
5117 	    else
5118 		sv_setpv(sv, nent->n_name);
5119 	}
5120 	RETURN;
5121     }
5122 
5123     if (nent) {
5124 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(nent->n_name, 0));
5125 	PUSHs(space_join_names_mortal(nent->n_aliases));
5126 	mPUSHi(nent->n_addrtype);
5127 	mPUSHi(nent->n_net);
5128     }
5129 
5130     RETURN;
5131 #else
5132     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5133 #endif
5134 }
5135 
5136 
5137 /* also used for: pp_gpbyname() pp_gpbynumber() */
5138 
5139 PP(pp_gprotoent)
5140 {
5141 #if defined(HAS_GETPROTOBYNAME) || defined(HAS_GETPROTOBYNUMBER) || defined(HAS_GETPROTOENT)
5142     dSP;
5143     I32 which = PL_op->op_type;
5144     SV *sv;
5145 #ifndef HAS_GETPROTO_PROTOS /* XXX Do we need individual probes? */
5146     struct protoent *getprotobyname(Netdb_name_t);
5147     struct protoent *getprotobynumber(int);
5148     struct protoent *getprotoent(void);
5149 #endif
5150     struct protoent *pent;
5151 
5152     if (which == OP_GPBYNAME) {
5153 #ifdef HAS_GETPROTOBYNAME
5154 	const char* const name = POPpbytex;
5155 	pent = PerlSock_getprotobyname(name);
5156 #else
5157 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getprotobyname");
5158 #endif
5159     }
5160     else if (which == OP_GPBYNUMBER) {
5161 #ifdef HAS_GETPROTOBYNUMBER
5162 	const int number = POPi;
5163 	pent = PerlSock_getprotobynumber(number);
5164 #else
5165 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getprotobynumber");
5166 #endif
5167     }
5168     else
5169 #ifdef HAS_GETPROTOENT
5170 	pent = PerlSock_getprotoent();
5171 #else
5172 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getprotoent");
5173 #endif
5174 
5175     EXTEND(SP, 3);
5176     if (GIMME_V != G_ARRAY) {
5177 	PUSHs(sv = sv_newmortal());
5178 	if (pent) {
5179 	    if (which == OP_GPBYNAME)
5180 		sv_setiv(sv, (IV)pent->p_proto);
5181 	    else
5182 		sv_setpv(sv, pent->p_name);
5183 	}
5184 	RETURN;
5185     }
5186 
5187     if (pent) {
5188 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(pent->p_name, 0));
5189 	PUSHs(space_join_names_mortal(pent->p_aliases));
5190 	mPUSHi(pent->p_proto);
5191     }
5192 
5193     RETURN;
5194 #else
5195     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5196 #endif
5197 }
5198 
5199 
5200 /* also used for: pp_gsbyname() pp_gsbyport() */
5201 
5202 PP(pp_gservent)
5203 {
5204 #if defined(HAS_GETSERVBYNAME) || defined(HAS_GETSERVBYPORT) || defined(HAS_GETSERVENT)
5205     dSP;
5206     I32 which = PL_op->op_type;
5207     SV *sv;
5208 #ifndef HAS_GETSERV_PROTOS /* XXX Do we need individual probes? */
5209     struct servent *getservbyname(Netdb_name_t, Netdb_name_t);
5210     struct servent *getservbyport(int, Netdb_name_t);
5211     struct servent *getservent(void);
5212 #endif
5213     struct servent *sent;
5214 
5215     if (which == OP_GSBYNAME) {
5216 #ifdef HAS_GETSERVBYNAME
5217 	const char * const proto = POPpbytex;
5218 	const char * const name = POPpbytex;
5219 	sent = PerlSock_getservbyname(name, (proto && !*proto) ? NULL : proto);
5220 #else
5221 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getservbyname");
5222 #endif
5223     }
5224     else if (which == OP_GSBYPORT) {
5225 #ifdef HAS_GETSERVBYPORT
5226 	const char * const proto = POPpbytex;
5227 	unsigned short port = (unsigned short)POPu;
5228 	port = PerlSock_htons(port);
5229 	sent = PerlSock_getservbyport(port, (proto && !*proto) ? NULL : proto);
5230 #else
5231 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getservbyport");
5232 #endif
5233     }
5234     else
5235 #ifdef HAS_GETSERVENT
5236 	sent = PerlSock_getservent();
5237 #else
5238 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "getservent");
5239 #endif
5240 
5241     EXTEND(SP, 4);
5242     if (GIMME_V != G_ARRAY) {
5243 	PUSHs(sv = sv_newmortal());
5244 	if (sent) {
5245 	    if (which == OP_GSBYNAME) {
5246 		sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PerlSock_ntohs(sent->s_port));
5247 	    }
5248 	    else
5249 		sv_setpv(sv, sent->s_name);
5250 	}
5251 	RETURN;
5252     }
5253 
5254     if (sent) {
5255 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(sent->s_name, 0));
5256 	PUSHs(space_join_names_mortal(sent->s_aliases));
5257 	mPUSHi(PerlSock_ntohs(sent->s_port));
5258 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(sent->s_proto, 0));
5259     }
5260 
5261     RETURN;
5262 #else
5263     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5264 #endif
5265 }
5266 
5267 
5268 /* also used for: pp_snetent() pp_sprotoent() pp_sservent() */
5269 
5270 PP(pp_shostent)
5271 {
5272     dSP;
5273     const int stayopen = TOPi;
5274     switch(PL_op->op_type) {
5275     case OP_SHOSTENT:
5276 #ifdef HAS_SETHOSTENT
5277 	PerlSock_sethostent(stayopen);
5278 #else
5279 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5280 #endif
5281 	break;
5282 #ifdef HAS_SETNETENT
5283     case OP_SNETENT:
5284 	PerlSock_setnetent(stayopen);
5285 #else
5286 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5287 #endif
5288 	break;
5289     case OP_SPROTOENT:
5290 #ifdef HAS_SETPROTOENT
5291 	PerlSock_setprotoent(stayopen);
5292 #else
5293 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5294 #endif
5295 	break;
5296     case OP_SSERVENT:
5297 #ifdef HAS_SETSERVENT
5298 	PerlSock_setservent(stayopen);
5299 #else
5300 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5301 #endif
5302 	break;
5303     }
5304     RETSETYES;
5305 }
5306 
5307 
5308 /* also used for: pp_egrent() pp_enetent() pp_eprotoent() pp_epwent()
5309  *                pp_eservent() pp_sgrent() pp_spwent() */
5310 
5311 PP(pp_ehostent)
5312 {
5313     dSP;
5314     switch(PL_op->op_type) {
5315     case OP_EHOSTENT:
5316 #ifdef HAS_ENDHOSTENT
5317 	PerlSock_endhostent();
5318 #else
5319 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5320 #endif
5321 	break;
5322     case OP_ENETENT:
5323 #ifdef HAS_ENDNETENT
5324 	PerlSock_endnetent();
5325 #else
5326 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5327 #endif
5328 	break;
5329     case OP_EPROTOENT:
5330 #ifdef HAS_ENDPROTOENT
5331 	PerlSock_endprotoent();
5332 #else
5333 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5334 #endif
5335 	break;
5336     case OP_ESERVENT:
5337 #ifdef HAS_ENDSERVENT
5338 	PerlSock_endservent();
5339 #else
5340 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5341 #endif
5342 	break;
5343     case OP_SGRENT:
5344 #if defined(HAS_GROUP) && defined(HAS_SETGRENT)
5345 	setgrent();
5346 #else
5347 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5348 #endif
5349 	break;
5350     case OP_EGRENT:
5351 #if defined(HAS_GROUP) && defined(HAS_ENDGRENT)
5352 	endgrent();
5353 #else
5354 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5355 #endif
5356 	break;
5357     case OP_SPWENT:
5358 #if defined(HAS_PASSWD) && defined(HAS_SETPWENT)
5359 	setpwent();
5360 #else
5361 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5362 #endif
5363 	break;
5364     case OP_EPWENT:
5365 #if defined(HAS_PASSWD) && defined(HAS_ENDPWENT)
5366 	endpwent();
5367 #else
5368 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5369 #endif
5370 	break;
5371     }
5372     EXTEND(SP,1);
5373     RETPUSHYES;
5374 }
5375 
5376 
5377 /* also used for: pp_gpwnam() pp_gpwuid() */
5378 
5379 PP(pp_gpwent)
5380 {
5381 #ifdef HAS_PASSWD
5382     dSP;
5383     I32 which = PL_op->op_type;
5384     SV *sv;
5385     struct passwd *pwent  = NULL;
5386     /*
5387      * We currently support only the SysV getsp* shadow password interface.
5388      * The interface is declared in <shadow.h> and often one needs to link
5389      * with -lsecurity or some such.
5390      * This interface is used at least by Solaris, HP-UX, IRIX, and Linux.
5391      * (and SCO?)
5392      *
5393      * AIX getpwnam() is clever enough to return the encrypted password
5394      * only if the caller (euid?) is root.
5395      *
5396      * There are at least three other shadow password APIs.  Many platforms
5397      * seem to contain more than one interface for accessing the shadow
5398      * password databases, possibly for compatibility reasons.
5399      * The getsp*() is by far he simplest one, the other two interfaces
5400      * are much more complicated, but also very similar to each other.
5401      *
5402      * <sys/types.h>
5403      * <sys/security.h>
5404      * <prot.h>
5405      * struct pr_passwd *getprpw*();
5406      * The password is in
5407      * char getprpw*(...).ufld.fd_encrypt[]
5408      * Mention HAS_GETPRPWNAM here so that Configure probes for it.
5409      *
5410      * <sys/types.h>
5411      * <sys/security.h>
5412      * <prot.h>
5413      * struct es_passwd *getespw*();
5414      * The password is in
5415      * char *(getespw*(...).ufld.fd_encrypt)
5416      * Mention HAS_GETESPWNAM here so that Configure probes for it.
5417      *
5418      * <userpw.h> (AIX)
5419      * struct userpw *getuserpw();
5420      * The password is in
5421      * char *(getuserpw(...)).spw_upw_passwd
5422      * (but the de facto standard getpwnam() should work okay)
5423      *
5424      * Mention I_PROT here so that Configure probes for it.
5425      *
5426      * In HP-UX for getprpw*() the manual page claims that one should include
5427      * <hpsecurity.h> instead of <sys/security.h>, but that is not needed
5428      * if one includes <shadow.h> as that includes <hpsecurity.h>,
5429      * and pp_sys.c already includes <shadow.h> if there is such.
5430      *
5431      * Note that <sys/security.h> is already probed for, but currently
5432      * it is only included in special cases.
5433      *
5434      * In Digital UNIX/Tru64 if using the getespw*() (which seems to be
5435      * be preferred interface, even though also the getprpw*() interface
5436      * is available) one needs to link with -lsecurity -ldb -laud -lm.
5437      * One also needs to call set_auth_parameters() in main() before
5438      * doing anything else, whether one is using getespw*() or getprpw*().
5439      *
5440      * Note that accessing the shadow databases can be magnitudes
5441      * slower than accessing the standard databases.
5442      *
5443      * --jhi
5444      */
5445 
5446 #   if defined(__CYGWIN__) && defined(USE_REENTRANT_API)
5447     /* Cygwin 1.5.3-1 has buggy getpwnam_r() and getpwuid_r():
5448      * the pw_comment is left uninitialized. */
5449     PL_reentrant_buffer->_pwent_struct.pw_comment = NULL;
5450 #   endif
5451 
5452     switch (which) {
5453     case OP_GPWNAM:
5454       {
5455 	const char* const name = POPpbytex;
5456 	pwent  = getpwnam(name);
5457       }
5458       break;
5459     case OP_GPWUID:
5460       {
5461 	Uid_t uid = POPi;
5462 	pwent = getpwuid(uid);
5463       }
5464 	break;
5465     case OP_GPWENT:
5466 #   ifdef HAS_GETPWENT
5467 	pwent  = getpwent();
5468 #ifdef POSIX_BC   /* In some cases pw_passwd has invalid addresses */
5469 	if (pwent) pwent = getpwnam(pwent->pw_name);
5470 #endif
5471 #   else
5472 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getpwent");
5473 #   endif
5474 	break;
5475     }
5476 
5477     EXTEND(SP, 10);
5478     if (GIMME_V != G_ARRAY) {
5479 	PUSHs(sv = sv_newmortal());
5480 	if (pwent) {
5481 	    if (which == OP_GPWNAM)
5482 	        sv_setuid(sv, pwent->pw_uid);
5483 	    else
5484 		sv_setpv(sv, pwent->pw_name);
5485 	}
5486 	RETURN;
5487     }
5488 
5489     if (pwent) {
5490 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(pwent->pw_name, 0));
5491 
5492 	sv = newSViv(0);
5493 	mPUSHs(sv);
5494 	/* If we have getspnam(), we try to dig up the shadow
5495 	 * password.  If we are underprivileged, the shadow
5496 	 * interface will set the errno to EACCES or similar,
5497 	 * and return a null pointer.  If this happens, we will
5498 	 * use the dummy password (usually "*" or "x") from the
5499 	 * standard password database.
5500 	 *
5501 	 * In theory we could skip the shadow call completely
5502 	 * if euid != 0 but in practice we cannot know which
5503 	 * security measures are guarding the shadow databases
5504 	 * on a random platform.
5505 	 *
5506 	 * Resist the urge to use additional shadow interfaces.
5507 	 * Divert the urge to writing an extension instead.
5508 	 *
5509 	 * --jhi */
5510 	/* Some AIX setups falsely(?) detect some getspnam(), which
5511 	 * has a different API than the Solaris/IRIX one. */
5512 #   if defined(HAS_GETSPNAM) && !defined(_AIX)
5513 	{
5514 	    dSAVE_ERRNO;
5515 	    const struct spwd * const spwent = getspnam(pwent->pw_name);
5516 			  /* Save and restore errno so that
5517 			   * underprivileged attempts seem
5518 			   * to have never made the unsuccessful
5519 			   * attempt to retrieve the shadow password. */
5520 	    RESTORE_ERRNO;
5521 	    if (spwent && spwent->sp_pwdp)
5522 		sv_setpv(sv, spwent->sp_pwdp);
5523 	}
5524 #   endif
5525 #   ifdef PWPASSWD
5526 	if (!SvPOK(sv)) /* Use the standard password, then. */
5527 	    sv_setpv(sv, pwent->pw_passwd);
5528 #   endif
5529 
5530 	/* passwd is tainted because user himself can diddle with it.
5531 	 * admittedly not much and in a very limited way, but nevertheless. */
5532 	SvTAINTED_on(sv);
5533 
5534         sv_setuid(PUSHmortal, pwent->pw_uid);
5535         sv_setgid(PUSHmortal, pwent->pw_gid);
5536 
5537 	/* pw_change, pw_quota, and pw_age are mutually exclusive--
5538 	 * because of the poor interface of the Perl getpw*(),
5539 	 * not because there's some standard/convention saying so.
5540 	 * A better interface would have been to return a hash,
5541 	 * but we are accursed by our history, alas. --jhi.  */
5542 #   ifdef PWCHANGE
5543 	mPUSHi(pwent->pw_change);
5544 #   elif defined(PWQUOTA)
5545 	mPUSHi(pwent->pw_quota);
5546 #   elif defined(PWAGE)
5547 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(pwent->pw_age, 0));
5548 #   else
5549 	/* I think that you can never get this compiled, but just in case.  */
5550 	PUSHs(sv_mortalcopy(&PL_sv_no));
5551 #   endif
5552 
5553 	/* pw_class and pw_comment are mutually exclusive--.
5554 	 * see the above note for pw_change, pw_quota, and pw_age. */
5555 #   ifdef PWCLASS
5556 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(pwent->pw_class, 0));
5557 #   elif defined(PWCOMMENT)
5558 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(pwent->pw_comment, 0));
5559 #   else
5560 	/* I think that you can never get this compiled, but just in case.  */
5561 	PUSHs(sv_mortalcopy(&PL_sv_no));
5562 #   endif
5563 
5564 #   ifdef PWGECOS
5565 	PUSHs(sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(pwent->pw_gecos, 0)));
5566 #   else
5567 	PUSHs(sv = sv_mortalcopy(&PL_sv_no));
5568 #   endif
5569 	/* pw_gecos is tainted because user himself can diddle with it. */
5570 	SvTAINTED_on(sv);
5571 
5572 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(pwent->pw_dir, 0));
5573 
5574 	PUSHs(sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(pwent->pw_shell, 0)));
5575 	/* pw_shell is tainted because user himself can diddle with it. */
5576 	SvTAINTED_on(sv);
5577 
5578 #   ifdef PWEXPIRE
5579 	mPUSHi(pwent->pw_expire);
5580 #   endif
5581     }
5582     RETURN;
5583 #else
5584     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5585 #endif
5586 }
5587 
5588 
5589 /* also used for: pp_ggrgid() pp_ggrnam() */
5590 
5591 PP(pp_ggrent)
5592 {
5593 #ifdef HAS_GROUP
5594     dSP;
5595     const I32 which = PL_op->op_type;
5596     const struct group *grent;
5597 
5598     if (which == OP_GGRNAM) {
5599 	const char* const name = POPpbytex;
5600 	grent = (const struct group *)getgrnam(name);
5601     }
5602     else if (which == OP_GGRGID) {
5603 #if Gid_t_sign == 1
5604 	const Gid_t gid = POPu;
5605 #elif Gid_t_sign == -1
5606 	const Gid_t gid = POPi;
5607 #else
5608 #  error "Unexpected Gid_t_sign"
5609 #endif
5610 	grent = (const struct group *)getgrgid(gid);
5611     }
5612     else
5613 #ifdef HAS_GETGRENT
5614 	grent = (struct group *)getgrent();
5615 #else
5616         DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getgrent");
5617 #endif
5618 
5619     EXTEND(SP, 4);
5620     if (GIMME_V != G_ARRAY) {
5621 	SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
5622 
5623 	PUSHs(sv);
5624 	if (grent) {
5625 	    if (which == OP_GGRNAM)
5626 		sv_setgid(sv, grent->gr_gid);
5627 	    else
5628 		sv_setpv(sv, grent->gr_name);
5629 	}
5630 	RETURN;
5631     }
5632 
5633     if (grent) {
5634 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(grent->gr_name, 0));
5635 
5636 #ifdef GRPASSWD
5637 	mPUSHs(newSVpv(grent->gr_passwd, 0));
5638 #else
5639 	PUSHs(sv_mortalcopy(&PL_sv_no));
5640 #endif
5641 
5642         sv_setgid(PUSHmortal, grent->gr_gid);
5643 
5644 #if !(defined(_CRAYMPP) && defined(USE_REENTRANT_API))
5645 	/* In UNICOS/mk (_CRAYMPP) the multithreading
5646 	 * versions (getgrnam_r, getgrgid_r)
5647 	 * seem to return an illegal pointer
5648 	 * as the group members list, gr_mem.
5649 	 * getgrent() doesn't even have a _r version
5650 	 * but the gr_mem is poisonous anyway.
5651 	 * So yes, you cannot get the list of group
5652 	 * members if building multithreaded in UNICOS/mk. */
5653 	PUSHs(space_join_names_mortal(grent->gr_mem));
5654 #endif
5655     }
5656 
5657     RETURN;
5658 #else
5659     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type]);
5660 #endif
5661 }
5662 
5663 PP(pp_getlogin)
5664 {
5665 #ifdef HAS_GETLOGIN
5666     dSP; dTARGET;
5667     char *tmps;
5668     EXTEND(SP, 1);
5669     if (!(tmps = PerlProc_getlogin()))
5670 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
5671     sv_setpv_mg(TARG, tmps);
5672     PUSHs(TARG);
5673     RETURN;
5674 #else
5675     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getlogin");
5676 #endif
5677 }
5678 
5679 /* Miscellaneous. */
5680 
5681 PP(pp_syscall)
5682 {
5683 #ifdef HAS_SYSCALL
5684     dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
5685     I32 items = SP - MARK;
5686     unsigned long a[20];
5687     I32 i = 0;
5688     IV retval = -1;
5689 
5690     if (TAINTING_get) {
5691 	while (++MARK <= SP) {
5692 	    if (SvTAINTED(*MARK)) {
5693 		TAINT;
5694 		break;
5695 	    }
5696 	}
5697 	MARK = ORIGMARK;
5698 	TAINT_PROPER("syscall");
5699     }
5700 
5701     /* This probably won't work on machines where sizeof(long) != sizeof(int)
5702      * or where sizeof(long) != sizeof(char*).  But such machines will
5703      * not likely have syscall implemented either, so who cares?
5704      */
5705     while (++MARK <= SP) {
5706 	if (SvNIOK(*MARK) || !i)
5707 	    a[i++] = SvIV(*MARK);
5708 	else if (*MARK == &PL_sv_undef)
5709 	    a[i++] = 0;
5710 	else
5711 	    a[i++] = (unsigned long)SvPV_force_nolen(*MARK);
5712 	if (i > 15)
5713 	    break;
5714     }
5715     switch (items) {
5716     default:
5717 	DIE(aTHX_ "Too many args to syscall");
5718     case 0:
5719 	DIE(aTHX_ "Too few args to syscall");
5720     case 1:
5721 	retval = syscall(a[0]);
5722 	break;
5723     case 2:
5724 	retval = syscall(a[0],a[1]);
5725 	break;
5726     case 3:
5727 	retval = syscall(a[0],a[1],a[2]);
5728 	break;
5729     case 4:
5730 	retval = syscall(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3]);
5731 	break;
5732     case 5:
5733 	retval = syscall(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3],a[4]);
5734 	break;
5735     case 6:
5736 	retval = syscall(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3],a[4],a[5]);
5737 	break;
5738     case 7:
5739 	retval = syscall(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3],a[4],a[5],a[6]);
5740 	break;
5741     case 8:
5742 	retval = syscall(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3],a[4],a[5],a[6],a[7]);
5743 	break;
5744     }
5745     SP = ORIGMARK;
5746     PUSHi(retval);
5747     RETURN;
5748 #else
5749     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "syscall");
5750 #endif
5751 }
5752 
5753 #ifdef FCNTL_EMULATE_FLOCK
5754 
5755 /*  XXX Emulate flock() with fcntl().
5756     What's really needed is a good file locking module.
5757 */
5758 
5759 static int
5760 fcntl_emulate_flock(int fd, int operation)
5761 {
5762     int res;
5763     struct flock flock;
5764 
5765     switch (operation & ~LOCK_NB) {
5766     case LOCK_SH:
5767 	flock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
5768 	break;
5769     case LOCK_EX:
5770 	flock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
5771 	break;
5772     case LOCK_UN:
5773 	flock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
5774 	break;
5775     default:
5776 	errno = EINVAL;
5777 	return -1;
5778     }
5779     flock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
5780     flock.l_start = flock.l_len = (Off_t)0;
5781 
5782     res = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_SETLK : F_SETLKW, &flock);
5783     if (res == -1 && ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EACCES)))
5784 	errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
5785     return res;
5786 }
5787 
5788 #endif /* FCNTL_EMULATE_FLOCK */
5789 
5790 #ifdef LOCKF_EMULATE_FLOCK
5791 
5792 /*  XXX Emulate flock() with lockf().  This is just to increase
5793     portability of scripts.  The calls are not completely
5794     interchangeable.  What's really needed is a good file
5795     locking module.
5796 */
5797 
5798 /*  The lockf() constants might have been defined in <unistd.h>.
5799     Unfortunately, <unistd.h> causes troubles on some mixed
5800     (BSD/POSIX) systems, such as SunOS 4.1.3.
5801 
5802    Further, the lockf() constants aren't POSIX, so they might not be
5803    visible if we're compiling with _POSIX_SOURCE defined.  Thus, we'll
5804    just stick in the SVID values and be done with it.  Sigh.
5805 */
5806 
5807 # ifndef F_ULOCK
5808 #  define F_ULOCK	0	/* Unlock a previously locked region */
5809 # endif
5810 # ifndef F_LOCK
5811 #  define F_LOCK	1	/* Lock a region for exclusive use */
5812 # endif
5813 # ifndef F_TLOCK
5814 #  define F_TLOCK	2	/* Test and lock a region for exclusive use */
5815 # endif
5816 # ifndef F_TEST
5817 #  define F_TEST	3	/* Test a region for other processes locks */
5818 # endif
5819 
5820 static int
5821 lockf_emulate_flock(int fd, int operation)
5822 {
5823     int i;
5824     Off_t pos;
5825     dSAVE_ERRNO;
5826 
5827     /* flock locks entire file so for lockf we need to do the same	*/
5828     pos = PerlLIO_lseek(fd, (Off_t)0, SEEK_CUR);    /* get pos to restore later */
5829     if (pos > 0)	/* is seekable and needs to be repositioned	*/
5830 	if (PerlLIO_lseek(fd, (Off_t)0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
5831 	    pos = -1;	/* seek failed, so don't seek back afterwards	*/
5832     RESTORE_ERRNO;
5833 
5834     switch (operation) {
5835 
5836 	/* LOCK_SH - get a shared lock */
5837 	case LOCK_SH:
5838 	/* LOCK_EX - get an exclusive lock */
5839 	case LOCK_EX:
5840 	    i = lockf (fd, F_LOCK, 0);
5841 	    break;
5842 
5843 	/* LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB - get a non-blocking shared lock */
5844 	case LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB:
5845 	/* LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB - get a non-blocking exclusive lock */
5846 	case LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB:
5847 	    i = lockf (fd, F_TLOCK, 0);
5848 	    if (i == -1)
5849 		if ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EACCES))
5850 		    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
5851 	    break;
5852 
5853 	/* LOCK_UN - unlock (non-blocking is a no-op) */
5854 	case LOCK_UN:
5855 	case LOCK_UN|LOCK_NB:
5856 	    i = lockf (fd, F_ULOCK, 0);
5857 	    break;
5858 
5859 	/* Default - can't decipher operation */
5860 	default:
5861 	    i = -1;
5862 	    errno = EINVAL;
5863 	    break;
5864     }
5865 
5866     if (pos > 0)      /* need to restore position of the handle	*/
5867 	PerlLIO_lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET);	/* ignore error here	*/
5868 
5869     return (i);
5870 }
5871 
5872 #endif /* LOCKF_EMULATE_FLOCK */
5873 
5874 /*
5875  * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et:
5876  */
5877