1.\" $OpenBSD: urtw.4,v 1.28 2021/10/24 12:32:42 kn Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2008 Weongyo Jeong <weongyo@FreeBSD.org> 4.\" 5.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 6.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 7.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 8.\" 9.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 10.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 11.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 12.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 13.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 14.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 15.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 16.\" 17.Dd $Mdocdate: October 24 2021 $ 18.Dt URTW 4 19.Os 20.Sh NAME 21.Nm urtw 22.Nd Realtek RTL8187L/RTL8187B USB IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network device 23.Sh SYNOPSIS 24.Cd "urtw* at uhub? port ?" 25.Sh DESCRIPTION 26The 27.Nm 28driver supports USB 802.11b/g wireless adapters based on the 29Realtek RTL8187L and RTL8187B. 30.Pp 31These are the modes the 32.Nm 33driver can operate in: 34.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 35.It BSS mode 36Also known as 37.Em infrastructure 38mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 39which all traffic passes. 40This mode is the default. 41.It monitor mode 42In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 43associating with an access point. 44This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 45capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 46or to scan for access points. 47.El 48.Pp 49The 50.Nm 51driver can be configured to use 52Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 53Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA1 and WPA2). 54WPA2 is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 55It is strongly recommended that neither WEP nor WPA1 56are used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, 57due to serious weaknesses. 58WPA1 is disabled by default and may be enabled using the option 59.Qq Cm wpaprotos Ar wpa1,wpa2 . 60For standard WPA networks which use pre-shared keys (PSK), 61keys are configured using the 62.Qq Cm wpakey 63option. 64WPA-Enterprise networks require use of the wpa_supplicant package. 65The 66.Nm 67driver relies on the software 802.11 stack for both encryption and decryption 68of data frames. 69.Pp 70The 71.Nm 72driver can be configured at runtime with 73.Xr ifconfig 8 74or on boot with 75.Xr hostname.if 5 . 76.Sh HARDWARE 77The following adapters should work: 78.Pp 79.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 80.It Alfa AWUS036H 81.It ASUS P5B Deluxe 82.It Belkin F5D7050E 83.It Digitus DN-7003GT 84.It Linksys WUSB54GC v2 85.It Netgear WG111v2 86.It Netgear WG111v3 87.It Shuttle XPC Accessory PN20 88.It Sitecom WL-168 v1 89.It Sitecom WL-168 v4 90.It Surecom EP-9001-g rev 2A 91.It TRENDnet TEW-424UB V3.xR 92.El 93.Sh EXAMPLES 94The following example scans for available networks: 95.Pp 96.Dl # ifconfig urtw0 scan 97.Pp 98The following 99.Xr hostname.if 5 100example configures urtw0 to join network 101.Dq mynwid , 102using WPA key 103.Dq mywpakey , 104obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 105.Bd -literal -offset indent 106join mynwid wpakey mywpakey 107inet autoconf 108.Ed 109.Sh SEE ALSO 110.Xr arp 4 , 111.Xr ifmedia 4 , 112.Xr intro 4 , 113.Xr netintro 4 , 114.Xr usb 4 , 115.Xr hostname.if 5 , 116.\".Xr hostapd 8 , 117.Xr ifconfig 8 118.Pp 119Realtek Semiconductor: 120.Lk http://www.realtek.com.tw/ 121.Sh HISTORY 122The 123.Nm 124device driver first appeared in 125.Ox 4.5 . 126.Sh AUTHORS 127The 128.Nm 129driver was written by 130.An Weongyo Jeong Aq Mt weongyo@FreeBSD.org . 131.Sh CAVEATS 132This driver does not support powersave mode. 133