1.\" $OpenBSD: wpi.4,v 1.38 2014/02/15 20:28:19 tedu Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 4.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following 11.\" disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.Dd $Mdocdate: February 15 2014 $ 29.Dt WPI 4 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm wpi 33.Nd Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network device 34.Sh SYNOPSIS 35.Cd "wpi* at pci?" 36.Sh DESCRIPTION 37The 38.Nm 39driver provides support for 40.Tn Intel 41PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Mini PCI Express network adapters. 42.Pp 43These are the modes the 44.Nm 45driver can operate in: 46.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 47.It BSS mode 48Also known as 49.Em infrastructure 50mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 51which all traffic passes. 52This mode is the default. 53.It monitor mode 54In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 55associating with an access point. 56This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 57capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 58or to scan for access points. 59.El 60.Pp 61The 62.Nm 63driver can be configured to use 64Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 65Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 66WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 67It is strongly recommended that WEP 68not be used as the sole mechanism 69to secure wireless communication, 70due to serious weaknesses in it. 71The 72.Nm 73driver offloads both encryption and decryption of unicast data frames to the 74hardware for the CCMP cipher. 75.Pp 76The 77.Nm 78driver can be configured at runtime with 79.Xr ifconfig 8 80or on boot with 81.Xr hostname.if 5 . 82.Sh FILES 83The driver needs at least version 3.1 of the following firmware file, 84which is loaded when an interface is brought up: 85.Pp 86.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 87.It Pa /etc/firmware/wpi-3945abg 88.El 89.Pp 90This firmware file is not free because Intel refuses to grant 91distribution rights without contractual obligations. 92As a result, even though 93.Ox 94includes the driver, the firmware file cannot be included and 95users have to download this file on their own. 96.Pp 97A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 98.Xr fw_update 1 . 99.Sh EXAMPLES 100The following example scans for available networks: 101.Pp 102.Dl # ifconfig wpi0 scan 103.Pp 104The following 105.Xr hostname.if 5 106example configures wpi0 to join network 107.Dq mynwid , 108using WPA key 109.Dq mywpakey , 110obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 111.Bd -literal -offset indent 112nwid mynwid 113wpakey mywpakey 114dhcp 115.Ed 116.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 117.Bl -diag 118.It "wpi0: device timeout" 119A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 120The driver will reset the hardware. 121This should not happen. 122.It "wpi0: fatal firmware error" 123For some reason, the firmware crashed. 124The driver will reset the hardware. 125This should not happen. 126.It "wpi0: Radio transmitter is off" 127The radio transmitter is off and thus no packet can go out. 128The driver will reset the hardware. 129Make sure the laptop radio switch is on. 130.It "wpi0: error N, could not read firmware ..." 131For some reason, the driver was unable to read the firmware image from the 132filesystem. 133The file might be missing or corrupted. 134.It "wpi0: firmware file too short: N bytes" 135The firmware image is corrupted and can't be loaded into the adapter. 136.It "wpi0: could not load firmware" 137An attempt to load the firmware into the adapter failed. 138The driver will reset the hardware. 139.El 140.Sh SEE ALSO 141.Xr arp 4 , 142.Xr ifmedia 4 , 143.Xr intro 4 , 144.Xr netintro 4 , 145.Xr pci 4 , 146.Xr hostname.if 5 , 147.Xr ifconfig 8 148.Sh AUTHORS 149The 150.Nm 151driver was written by 152.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 153