1.\" $OpenBSD: rc.8,v 1.25 2007/05/31 19:19:59 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)rc.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93 31.\" 32.Dd $Mdocdate: May 31 2007 $ 33.Dt RC 8 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm rc 37.Nd command scripts for system startup 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm /etc/rc 40.Nm /etc/rc.local 41.Nm /etc/rc.securelevel 42.Sh DESCRIPTION 43.Nm rc 44is the command script that is invoked by 45.Xr init 8 46during an automatic reboot and after single user mode is exited; 47it performs system housekeeping chores and starts up system daemons. 48Additionally, 49.Nm rc 50is intricately tied to the 51.Xr netstart 8 52script, which runs commands and daemons pertaining to the network. 53The 54.Nm rc.securelevel 55and 56.Nm rc.local 57scripts hold commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. 58.Pp 59All four of these startup scripts are (or can be) controlled to some 60extent by variables defined in 61.Xr rc.conf 8 62and 63.Xr rc.conf.local 8 , 64which specify which daemons and services to run. 65.Pp 66When an automatic reboot is in progress, 67.Nm rc 68is invoked with the argument 69.Em autoboot . 70The first portion of 71.Nm rc 72runs an 73.Xr fsck 8 74with option 75.Fl p 76to 77.Dq preen 78all disks of minor inconsistencies resulting 79from the last system shutdown and to check for serious inconsistencies 80caused by hardware or software failure. 81If this auto-check and repair succeeds, then the second part of 82.Nm rc 83is run. 84.Pp 85However, if the file 86.Pa /fastboot 87exists, 88.Xr fsck 8 89will not be invoked during this boot. 90This file is then removed so that fsck will be run on subsequent boots. 91.Pp 92The second part of 93.Nm rc , 94which is run after an auto-reboot succeeds and also if 95.Nm rc 96is invoked when a single user shell terminates (see 97.Xr init 8 ) , 98then asks 99.Xr rc.conf 8 100for configuration variables, 101mounts filesystems, starts system daemons, 102preserves editor files, 103clears the scratch directory 104.Pa /tmp , 105and saves any possible core image that might have been 106generated as a result of a system crash, with 107.Xr savecore 8 . 108.Pp 109Before 110.Nm rc 111starts most system daemons, 112.Xr netstart 8 113is executed. 114.Pp 115.Nm rc.securelevel 116is executed by 117.Nm rc 118to start daemons that must be run before the security level changes. 119Following this, 120.Nm rc 121then sets the security level to the value specified in the 122.Va securelevel 123variable in that file. 124See 125.Xr securelevel 7 126for the effects of setting the security level. 127.Pp 128.Nm rc.local 129is executed towards the end of 130.Nm rc 131(it is not the very last as there are a few services that must be 132started at the very end). 133Normally, 134.Nm rc.local 135contains commands and daemons that are not part of the 136stock installation. 137.Sh CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES 138The 139.Xr rc.conf 8 140file contains a series of Bourne-shell syntax assignments that 141are used to configure kernel configurations, network configuration, 142and various other system daemons. 143As described above, this file is sourced (using 144.Xr sh 1 145of course) by 146.Pa /etc/rc . 147Various comments in 148.Xr rc.conf 8 149make it clear what each variable does. 150Refer to the specific man pages for each daemon to determine what that 151subsystem does. 152.Pp 153For example, the 154.Xr lpd 8 155daemon is controlled by the following line: 156.Bd -literal -offset indent 157lpd_flags=NO # for normal use: "" (or "-l" for debugging) 158.Ed 159.Pp 160This does not start 161.Xr lpd 8 162at system startup. 163To start 164.Xr lpd 8 , 165the following entry can be used: 166.Bd -literal -offset indent 167lpd_flags="" # for normal use: "" (or "-l" for debugging) 168.Ed 169.Pp 170Alternately, 171.Xr lpd 8 172can be started with the 173.Fl l 174flag (to log remote connections): 175.Bd -literal -offset indent 176lpd_flags="-l" # for normal use: "" (or "-l" for debugging) 177.Ed 178.Sh EXTERNAL INFLUENCES 179Before 180.Xr init 8 181starts 182.Nm rc , 183it sets the process priority, umask, and resource limits according to the 184.Dq daemon 185login class as described in 186.Xr login.conf 5 . 187.Sh FILES 188.Bl -tag -width "/etc/rc.securelevelXX" -compact 189.It /etc/rc 190Command scripts for system startup. 191.It /etc/rc.local 192Site specific command scripts for system startup. 193.It /etc/rc.conf 194System daemon configuration database. 195.It /etc/rc.conf.local 196Site specific daemon configuration database. 197.It /etc/rc.securelevel 198Commands run before the security level changes. 199.It /etc/rc.shutdown 200Commands run at system shutdown. 201.It /etc/login.conf 202Login class capability database. 203.It /etc/netstart 204Command script for network startup. 205.It Pa /fastboot 206Tells 207.Xr rc 8 208not to run 209.Xr fsck 8 210during the next boot. 211.El 212.Sh SEE ALSO 213.Xr login.conf 5 , 214.Xr sysctl.conf 5 , 215.Xr securelevel 7 , 216.Xr init 8 , 217.Xr netstart 8 , 218.Xr rc.conf 8 , 219.Xr rc.shutdown 8 , 220.Xr reboot 8 , 221.Xr savecore 8 222.Sh HISTORY 223The 224.Nm 225command appeared in 226.Bx 4.0 . 227