1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.40 2014/03/11 22:25:26 millert Exp $ 2# <pre> 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 9 10# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 11# 12# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. 21# 22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 23# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 31# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 32# 33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 34# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 35# 36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 38# but Mark R V Murray reports that 39# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 40# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 41# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 42# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 43# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 44# 45# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 46# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 47# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 48# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 49# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 50# 51# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 52# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 53# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 54# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 55# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 56# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 57# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 58# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 59# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 60# until we get more information. 61# 62# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 63# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 64# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 65# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 68# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 69# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 70 71# Algeria 72# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 73Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 91Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 92Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 93Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 94Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 95# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 96# more precise 0:09:21. 97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 98Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 99 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 101 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 102 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 103 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 104 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 105 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 106 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 107 1:00 - CET 108 109# Angola 110# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 112 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 113 1:00 - WAT 114 115# Benin 116# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 117# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 118# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 120 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 121 1:00 - WAT 122 123# Botswana 124# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 125# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 126# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 129 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 130 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 131 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 132 2:00 - CAT 133 134# Burkina Faso 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 137 0:00 - GMT 138 139# Burundi 140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 142 2:00 - CAT 143 144# Cameroon 145# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 146# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 148 1:00 - WAT 149 150# Cape Verde 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 153 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 154 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 155 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 156 -1:00 - CVT 157 158# Central African Republic 159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 161 1:00 - WAT 162 163# Chad 164# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 165Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 166 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 167 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 168 1:00 - WAT 169 170# Comoros 171# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 173 3:00 - EAT 174 175# Democratic Republic of Congo 176# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 177Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 178 1:00 - WAT 179Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 180 2:00 - CAT 181 182# Republic of the Congo 183# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 185 1:00 - WAT 186 187# Cote D'Ivoire 188# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 189Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 190 0:00 - GMT 191 192# Djibouti 193# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 194Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 195 3:00 - EAT 196 197############################################################################### 198 199# Egypt 200 201# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 202# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 203# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 204# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 205 206# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 207Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 208Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 209Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 211Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 213Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 214Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 216Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 217Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 220Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 221Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 223Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 224Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 225Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 226# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 227# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 228 229# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 230# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 231# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 232# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 233# 234# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 235# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168"> 236# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 237# </a> 238# or 239# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html"> 240# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 241# </a> 242Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 243Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 244# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 245# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 246# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 247# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 248# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 249Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 250# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 251# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 252# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 253# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 254# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 255# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 256# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 257# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 258Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 259# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 260# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 261# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 262# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 263# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 264# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 265# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 266# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 267# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 268 269# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 270# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 271# 272# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 273# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 274# Apr 23 275# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 276# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 277# Apr 24 278# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 279# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 280# Aug 27 281# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 282# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 283# Aug 27 284# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 285# 286# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 287# :59) 288# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 289# 290# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 291# 292# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 293# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 294# </a> 295# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 296# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 297# </a> 298# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 299# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 300# </a> 301 302# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 303# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 304# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 305# in September. 306 307# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 308# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 309# Information and Decision Support Center: 310# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> 311# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 312# </a> 313# 314# The Middle East News Agency 315# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> 316# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 317# </a> 318# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 319# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 320# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 321# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 322# (at least today). 323 324# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 325# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 326# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 327# Ramadan. 328# 329# Arabic translation: 330# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again" 331# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again"> 332# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 333# </a> 334# or 335# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html"> 336# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 337# </a> 338 339Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 340Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 - 341Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 342Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S 343Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 344 345# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 346Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 347 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 348 349# Equatorial Guinea 350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 351Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 352 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 353 1:00 - WAT 354 355# Eritrea 356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 358 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 359 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 360 3:00 - EAT 361 362# Ethiopia 363# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 364# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 365# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 366# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 368Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 369 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 370 3:00 - EAT 371 372# Gabon 373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 375 1:00 - WAT 376 377# Gambia 378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 380 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 381 -1:00 - WAT 1964 382 0:00 - GMT 383 384# Ghana 385# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 386# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 387# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 388Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 389Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 392 0:00 Ghana %s 393 394# Guinea 395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 397 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 398 -1:00 - WAT 1960 399 0:00 - GMT 400 401# Guinea-Bissau 402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 404 -1:00 - WAT 1975 405 0:00 - GMT 406 407# Kenya 408# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 410 3:00 - EAT 1930 411 2:30 - BEAT 1940 412 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 413 3:00 - EAT 414 415# Lesotho 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 418 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 419 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 420 2:00 - SAST 421 422# Liberia 423# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 424# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 425# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 426# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 427# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 428# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 429# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 430# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 433 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 434 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 435 0:00 - GMT 436 437############################################################################### 438 439# Libya 440 441# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 442# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 443# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 444# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 445# 446# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 447# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 448# 449# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 450# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 451# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 452# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 453# lastFri instead of lastSun). 454 455# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 456# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 457# cancelled yesterday.... 458# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 459# 460# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 461# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 462 463# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 464Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 465Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 466Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 467Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 468Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 469Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 470Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 471Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 472Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 473Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 474Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 475Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 476Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 477Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 478Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 479Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 480Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 482Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 483 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 484 2:00 - EET 1982 485 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 486# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 487# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 488 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 489 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 490 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 492 2:00 - EET 493 494# Madagascar 495# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 496Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 497 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 498 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 499 3:00 - EAT 500 501# Malawi 502# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 503Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 504 2:00 - CAT 505 506# Mali 507# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 509 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 510 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 511 0:00 - GMT 512 513# Mauritania 514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 516 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 517 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 518 0:00 - GMT 519 520# Mauritius 521 522# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 523# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 524# basis.... 525# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 526# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 527# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 528 529# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 530# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 531 532# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 533# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 534# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 535# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 536 537# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 538# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 539 540# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 541# According to 542# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 543# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 544# </a> 545# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 546# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 547# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 548# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 549# 550# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 551# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 552# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 553# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 554# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 555# changes two days later. 556 557# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 558# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 559# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 560# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 561# 562# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 563# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 564# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 565# ... 566# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 567# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 568# </a> 569 570# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 571# The Government of Mauritius weblink 572# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 573# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 574# </a> 575# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 576# 577# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 578# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 579# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 580# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 581# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 582# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 583# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 584# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 585# and end on 29 March 2009. 586 587# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 588# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 589# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 590# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 591# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 592# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 593# </a> 594 595# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 596# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 597# DST the coming summer... 598# 599# Some sources, in French: 600# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> 601# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 602# </a> 603# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> 604# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 605# </a> 606# 607# Our wrap-up: 608# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> 609# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 610# </a> 611 612# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 613# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 614# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 615# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 616 617# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 618Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 619Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 620Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 621Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 622# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 623Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 624 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 625# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 626# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 627 628# Mayotte 629# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 630Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 631 3:00 - EAT 632 633# Morocco 634# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 635 636# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 637# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 638# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 639# 640# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 641# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 642# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 643# 644# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 645# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 646# </a> 647# OR 648# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 649# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 650# </a> 651 652# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 653# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 654# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 655# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 656# </a> 657# 658# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 659# spokesman. 660 661# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 662# According to this article: 663# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 664# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 665# </a> 666# (and republished here: 667# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 668# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 669# </a> 670# ) 671# the changes occurs at midnight: 672# 673# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 674# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 675# sunday night the 28th at midnight 676# 677# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 678# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 679# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 680# june1st to sept 27th. 681# 682# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 683# published on the web. 684# 685# It's also confirmed here: 686# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 687# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 688# </a> 689# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 690# posted in english). 691# 692# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 693# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 694# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 695# </a> 696 697# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 698# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 699# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 700# of September: 701# 702# One article about it (in French): 703# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 704# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 705# </a> 706# 707# We have some further details posted here: 708# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 709# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 710# </a> 711 712# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 713# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 714# to many sources, such as 715# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 716# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 717# </a> 718# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 719# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 720# </a> 721# (French) 722# 723# Our summary: 724# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 725# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 726# </a> 727 728# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 729# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 730# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 731# 732# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 733# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 734# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 735# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 736# 737# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 738# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 739# </a> 740# 741# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 742# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 743# </a> 744 745# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 746# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 747# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 748# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 749# 750# Example: 751# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html"> 752# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 753# </a> 754# (French) 755# Our page: 756# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html"> 757# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 758# </a> 759 760# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 761# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 762# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 763# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 764# ...Official links of change in morocco 765# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 766# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 767# +212.537.71.84.00 768# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/"> 769# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 770# </a> 771# They said that 772# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view"> 773# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 774# </a> 775# is the official publication to look at. 776# They said that the decision was already taken. 777# 778# More articles in the press 779# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev"> 780# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev 781# </a> 782# e.html 783# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923"> 784# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 785# </a> 786# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim"> 787# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 788# anche-prochain-5538.html 789# </a> 790 791# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 792# They have it written in English here: 793# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view"> 794# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 795# </a> 796# 797# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 798# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 799# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 800# also been like that in the past. 801 802# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 803# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 804# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 805# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 806# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9"> 807# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 808# </a> 809# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 810# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 811# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 812# except the month of Ramadan. 813# or (brief) 814# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html"> 815# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 816# </a> 817 818# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 819# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 820# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 821# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 822# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 823# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 824 825# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 826# Seen Morocco change again: 827# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php"> 828# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 829# </a> 830# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars, 831# comme annoncé précédemment." 832 833# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 834# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 835# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288"> 836# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 837# </a> 838# 839# Google translation, lightly edited: 840# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 841# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 842# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 843# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 844# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 845# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 846# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 847# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 848# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 849 850# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 851# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 852# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 853# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 854# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 855# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 856 857# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 858# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 859# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 860# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 861 862# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 863# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 864# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 865# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 866# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 867# source (French): 868# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 869# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 870# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 871 872# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-03): 873# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years, 874# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running 875# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3: 876# 877# (let ((islamic-year 1435)) 878# (while (< islamic-year 1461) 879# (let ((a 880# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 881# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))) 882# (b 883# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 884# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))) 885# (insert 886# (format 887# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 888# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 889# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 890# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 891# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 892# 893# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the 894# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with 895# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan 896# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back 897# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back 898# date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would 899# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038, 900# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038 901# due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after 902# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover. 903# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess 904# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future. 905 906# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 907 908Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 909Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 910Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 911Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 912Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 913Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 914Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 915Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 916Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 917Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 918Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 919Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 920Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 921Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 922Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 923Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 924Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 925Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 926Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 927Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 928Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 929Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 930Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 931Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 932Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 933Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 934Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 935Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 936Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 937Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 938Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 939Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 - 940Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S 941Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 - 942Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 943Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 - 944Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S 945Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 - 946Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S 947Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 - 948Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S 949Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 - 950Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S 951Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 - 952Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 953Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 - 954Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S 955Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 - 956Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S 957Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 958Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S 959Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 960Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 961Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 - 962Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 - 963Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 964Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S 965Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 966 967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 968Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 969 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 970 1:00 - CET 1986 971 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 972 973# Western Sahara 974# 975# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 976# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 977# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 978# Morocco does. 979# 980# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 981# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 982# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 983 984Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 985 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 986 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 987 988# Mozambique 989# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 990Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 991 2:00 - CAT 992 993# Namibia 994# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 995# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 996 997# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 998# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 999# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1000# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1001# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1002# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1003# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1004# of the country. 1005# 1006# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 1007# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 1008# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1009 1010# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1011Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1012Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1013# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1014Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1015 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 1016 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1017 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1018 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1019 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1020 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 1021 1022# Niger 1023# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1024Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1025 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1026 0:00 - GMT 1960 1027 1:00 - WAT 1028 1029# Nigeria 1030# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1031Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1032 1:00 - WAT 1033 1034# Reunion 1035# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1036Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1037 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 1038# 1039# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 1040# The following information about them is taken from 1041# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 1042# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1043# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1044# 1045# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1046# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1047# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1048# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1049# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1050 1051# Rwanda 1052# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1053Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1054 2:00 - CAT 1055 1056# St Helena 1057# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1058Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1059 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1060 0:00 - GMT 1061# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1062# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1063# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 1064# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1065# on GMT, says the CIA 1066# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 1067 1068# Sao Tome and Principe 1069# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1070Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1071 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 1072 0:00 - GMT 1073 1074# Senegal 1075# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1076Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1077 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 1078 0:00 - GMT 1079 1080# Seychelles 1081# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1082Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1083 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1084# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1085# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1086# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1087# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1088# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1089# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1090 1091# Sierra Leone 1092# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1093# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1094Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 1095Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 1096Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 1097Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 1098# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1099Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1100 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 1101 -1:00 SL %s 1957 1102 0:00 SL %s 1103 1104# Somalia 1105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1106Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1107 3:00 - EAT 1931 1108 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1109 3:00 - EAT 1110 1111# South Africa 1112# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1113Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1114Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1115# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1116Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1117 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1118 2:00 SA SAST 1119# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1120# scientific station since 1947 1121# no information 1122 1123# Sudan 1124# 1125# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 1126# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 1127# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1128# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1129# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1130# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1131# 1132# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1133Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1134Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1135Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1136Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1138Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1139 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1140 3:00 - EAT 1141 1142# South Sudan 1143Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1144 1145# Swaziland 1146# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1147Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1148 2:00 - SAST 1149 1150# Tanzania 1151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1152Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1153 3:00 - EAT 1948 1154 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1155 3:00 - EAT 1156 1157# Togo 1158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1159Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1160 0:00 - GMT 1161 1162# Tunisia 1163 1164# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1165# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1166# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1167# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1168# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1169# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1170# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1171# Saturday." (My translation) 1172# 1173# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1174# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1175# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1176# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1177# 1h standard time. 1178# 1179# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1180# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1181# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1182# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1183# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1184 1185# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1186# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1187# (Arabic) 1188# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 1189# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1190# </a> 1191# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 1192# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1193# </a> 1194# 1195# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1196# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1197# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 1198# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1199# </a> 1200 1201# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1202# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1203# 1204# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1205# 1206# (in English) 1207# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 1208# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1209# </a> 1210# 1211# (in Arabic) 1212# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 1213# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1214# </a> 1215 1216# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 1217# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 1218# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 1219# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 1220# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1221 1222# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1223# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1224# 1225# (translation): 1226# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1227# Sunday... 1228# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1229# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1230# 1231# (in Arabic) 1232# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1"> 1233# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1234# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036"> 1235# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1236# or 1237# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html"> 1238# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1239 1240# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1241Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1242Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1243Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1244Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1245Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1246Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1247Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1248Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1249Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1250Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1251Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1252Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1253Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1254Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1255Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1256Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1257Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1258Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1259Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1260Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1261Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1262Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1263Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1264Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1265Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1266 1267# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1268# more precise 0:09:21. 1269# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1271Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1272 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1273 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1274 1275# Uganda 1276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1277Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1278 3:00 - EAT 1930 1279 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1280 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1281 3:00 - EAT 1282 1283# Zambia 1284# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1285Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1286 2:00 - CAT 1287 1288# Zimbabwe 1289# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1290Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1291 2:00 - CAT 1292