1.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Keith Muller. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" from: @(#)pr.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 37.\" $Id: pr.1,v 1.1.1.1 1995/10/18 08:45:56 deraadt Exp $ 38.\" 39.Dd June 6, 1993 40.Dt PR 1 41.Os BSD 4.4 42.Sh NAME 43.Nm pr 44.Nd print files 45.Sh SYNOPSIS 46.Nm pr 47.Bk -words 48.Op Ar \&+page 49.Ek 50.Bk -words 51.Op Fl Ar column 52.Ek 53.Op Fl adFmrt 54.Bk -words 55.Oo 56.Op Fl e 57.Op Ar char 58.Op Ar gap 59.Oc 60.Ek 61.Bk -words 62.Op Fl h Ar header 63.Ek 64.Bk -words 65.Oo 66.Op Fl i 67.Op Ar char 68.Op Ar gap 69.Oc 70.Ek 71.Bk -words 72.Op Fl l Ar lines 73.Ek 74.Bk -words 75.Op Fl o Ar offset 76.Ek 77.Bk -words 78.Oo 79.Op Fl s 80.Op Ar char 81.Oc 82.Ek 83.Bk -words 84.Oo 85.Op Fl n 86.Op Ar char 87.Op Ar width 88.Oc 89.Ek 90.Bk -words 91.Op Fl w Ar width 92.Ek 93.Op - 94.Op Ar file ... 95.Sh DESCRIPTION 96The 97.Nm pr 98utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files. 99When multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, 100and written to standard output. 101By default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with 102.sp 103.in +2 104.ti -2 105\(bu A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and 106the pathname of the file. 107.sp 108.ti -2 109\(bu A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines. 110.in -2 111.Pp 112If standard output is associated with a terminal, 113diagnostic messages are suppressed until the 114.Nm pr 115utility has completed processing. 116.Pp 117When multiple column output is specified, 118text columns are of equal width. 119By default text columns are separated by at least one 120.Em <blank>. 121Input lines that do not fit into a text column are truncated. 122Lines are not truncated under single column output. 123.Sh OPTIONS 124.Pp 125In the following option descriptions, column, lines, offset, page, and 126width are positive decimal integers and gap is a nonnegative decimal integer. 127.Bl -tag -width 4n 128.It Ar \&+page 129Begin output at page number 130.Ar page 131of the formatted input. 132.It Fl Ar column 133Produce output that is 134.Ar columns 135wide (default is 1) that is written vertically 136down each column in the order in which the text 137is received from the input file. 138The options 139.Fl e 140and 141.Fl i 142are assumed. 143This option should not be used with 144.Fl m . 145When used with 146.Fl t , 147the minimum number of lines is used to display the output. 148.It Fl a 149Modify the effect of the 150.Fl column 151option so that the columns are filled across the page in a round-robin order 152(e.g., when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1531, the second heads column 2, the third is the second line 154in column 1, etc.). 155This option requires the use of the 156.Fl column 157option. 158.It Fl d 159Produce output that is double spaced. An extra 160.Em <newline> 161character is output following every <newline> found in the input. 162.It Fl e Ar \&[char\&]\&[gap\&] 163Expand each input <tab> to the next greater column 164position specified by the formula 165.Ar n*gap+1 , 166where 167.Em n 168is an integer > 0. 169If 170.Ar gap 171is zero or is omitted the default is 8. 172All 173.Em <tab> 174characters in the input are expanded into the appropriate 175number of 176.Em <space>s . 177If any nondigit character, 178.Ar char , 179is specified, it is used as the input tab character. 180.It Fl F 181Use a 182.Em <form-feed> 183character for new pages, 184instead of the default behavior that uses a 185sequence of 186.Em <newline> 187characters. 188.It Fl h Ar header 189Use the string 190.Ar header 191to replace the 192.Ar file name 193in the header line. 194.It Fl i Ar \&[char\&]\&[gap\&] 195In output, replace multiple <space>s with <tab>s whenever two or more 196adjacent <space>s reach column positions 197.Ar gap+1 , 198.Ar 2*gap+1 , 199etc. 200If 201.Ar gap 202is zero or omitted, default 203.Em <tab> 204settings at every eighth column position 205is used. 206If any nondigit character, 207.Ar char , 208is specified, it is used as the output 209.Em <tab> 210character. 211.It Fl l Ar lines 212Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to 213.Ar lines. 214If 215.Ar lines 216is not greater than the sum of both the header and trailer 217depths (in lines), the 218.Nm pr 219utility suppresses output of both the header and trailer, as if the 220.Fl t 221option were in effect. 222.It Fl m 223Merge the contents of multiple files. 224One line from each file specified by a file operand is 225written side by side into text columns of equal fixed widths, in 226terms of the number of column positions. 227The number of text columns depends on the number of 228file operands successfully opened. 229The maximum number of files merged depends on page width and the 230per process open file limit. 231The options 232.Fl e 233and 234.Fl i 235are assumed. 236.It Fl n Ar \&[char\&]\&[width\&] 237Provide 238.Ar width 239digit line numbering. 240The default for 241.Ar width , 242if not specified, is 5. 243The number occupies the first 244.Ar width 245column positions of each text column or each line of 246.Fl m 247output. 248If 249.Ar char 250(any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line number to 251separate it from whatever follows. The default for 252.Ar char 253is a 254.Em <tab> . 255Line numbers longer than 256.Ar width 257columns are truncated. 258.It Fl o Ar offset 259Each line of output is preceeded by 260.Ar offset 261.Em <spaces>s . 262If the 263.FL o 264option is not specified, the default is zero. 265The space taken is in addition to the output line width. 266.It Fl r 267Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file. 268.It Fl s Ar char 269Separate text columns by the single character 270.Ar char 271instead of by the appropriate number of 272.Em <space>s 273(default for 274.Ar char 275is the 276.Em <tab> 277character). 278.It Fl t 279Print neither the five-line identifying 280header nor the five-line trailer usually supplied for each page. 281Quit printing after the last line of each file without spacing to the 282end of the page. 283.It Fl w Ar width 284Set the width of the line to 285.Ar width 286column positions for multiple text-column output only. 287If the 288.Fl w 289option is not specified and the 290.Fl s 291option is not specified, the default width is 72. 292If the 293.Fl w 294option is not specified and the 295.Fl s 296option is specified, the default width is 512. 297.It Ar file 298A pathname of a file to be printed. 299If no 300.Ar file 301operands are specified, or if a 302.Ar file 303operand is 304.Sq Fl , 305the standard input is used. 306The standard input is used only if no 307.Ar file 308operands are specified, or if a 309.Ar file 310operand is 311.Sq Fl . 312.El 313.Pp 314The 315.Fl s 316option does not allow the option letter to be separated from its 317argument, and the options 318.Fl e , 319.Fl i , 320and 321.Fl n 322require that both arguments, if present, not be separated from the option 323letter. 324.Sh ERRORS 325.Pp 326If 327.Nm pr 328receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal, it 329flushes all accumulated error messages to the screen before 330terminating. 331.Pp 332The 333.Nm pr 334utility exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs. 335.Pp 336Error messages are written to standard error during the printing 337process (if output is redirected) or after all successful 338file printing is complete (when printing to a terminal). 339.Sh SEE ALSO 340.Xr cat 1 , 341.Xr more 1 342.Sh STANDARDS 343The 344.Nm pr 345utility is 346.St -p1003.2 347compatible. 348