1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" %sccs.include.redist.man% 5.\" 6.\" @(#)as.1 6.5 (Berkeley) 07/24/90 7.\" 8.Dd 9.Dt AS 1 10.Os BSD 4 11.Sh NAME 12.Nm as 13.Nd VAX-11 assembler 14.Sh SYNOPSIS 15.Nm as 16.Op Fl \&a Ar val 17.Op Fl \&d Ar bytes 18.Op Fl \&L 19.Op Fl \&W 20.Op Fl \&V 21.Op Fl \&J 22.Op Fl \&R 23.Op Fl \&t Ar directory 24.Op Fl \&o Ar outfile 25.Op Ar source_file ... 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm as 29assembler produces an object file from the given source files 30or from the standard input. 31.Tp Fl a 32Specifies the alignment 33.Ar value 34of procedures and data blocks. 35It is given as a power of two; thus an alignment of 3 36causes alignment on an eight byte boundary. 37The default is 38.Cx Fl a 39.Li 2 40.Cx , 41.Cx 42the minumum value is 43.Li 1 , 44the maximum value 45.Li 16 . 46.Tp Fl d 47Displacement offset in bytes for displacement values 48not defined in the first pass or unspecified in the assembly language. 49Possible values are 50.Li 1 , 2 , 51or 52.Li 4 . 53The default is 54.Cx Fl d 55.Li 4 56.Cx , 57.Cx 58if 59.Fl d 60is not given. 61.Tp Fl L 62Save defined labels beginning with a 63\*(LqL\*(Rq, which are normally discarded 64to save space in the resultant symbol table. 65The compilers generate such temporary labels. 66.Tp Fl V 67Use virtual memory for some intermediate storage, 68rather than a temporary file. 69.Tp Fl W 70Do not complain about errors. 71.Tp Fl J 72Use long branches to resolve jumps when byte-displacement branches are 73insufficient. This must be used when a compiler-generated assembly contains 74branches of more than 32k bytes. 75.Tp Fl R 76Make initialized data segments read-only, by concatenating them to 77the text segments. 78This obviates the need to run editor scripts on assembly 79code to make initialized data read-only and shared. 80.Tp Fl t 81Specifies a directory to receive the temporary file, other than 82the default /tmp. 83.Tp 84.Pp 85Symbols remaining undefined upon completion are assumed global 86.Pp 87Output is either placed in 88.Ar outfile, 89if given, or sent 90placed in 91.Pa a.out . 92.Sh FILES 93.Dw /tmp/as* 94.Di L 95.Dp Pa tmp/as\(** 96default temporary files 97.Dp Pa a.out 98default resultant object file 99.Dp 100.Sh SEE ALSO 101.Xr a.out 5 , 102.Xr adb 1 , 103.Xr dbx 1 , 104.Xr ld 1 , 105.Xr nm 1 106.Pp 107Auxiliary documentation 108.Em Assembler Reference Manual . 109.Sh AUTHORS 110John F. Reiser 111.br 112Robert R. Henry 113.Sh HISTORY 114.Nm As 115appeared 116in Version 6 AT&T UNIX. The version decsribed here is derived from 117Version 7 AT&T 118.Nm as . 119.Sh BUGS 120.Fl J 121should be eliminated; the assembler should automatically choose among 122byte, word and long branches. 123