1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California. 3 * 4 * Use and reproduction of this software are granted in accordance with 5 * the terms and conditions specified in the Berkeley Software License 6 * Agreement (in particular, this entails acknowledgement of the programs' 7 * source, and inclusion of this notice) with the additional understanding 8 * that all recipients should regard themselves as participants in an 9 * ongoing research project and hence should feel obligated to report 10 * their experiences (good or bad) with these elementary function codes, 11 * using "sendbug 4bsd-bugs@BERKELEY", to the authors. 12 */ 13 14 #ifndef lint 15 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)atan2.c 1.4 (Berkeley) 06/29/87"; 16 #endif not lint 17 18 /* ATAN2(Y,X) 19 * RETURN ARG (X+iY) 20 * DOUBLE PRECISION (VAX D format 56 bits, IEEE DOUBLE 53 BITS) 21 * CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 1/8/85; 22 * REVISED BY K.C. NG on 2/7/85, 2/13/85, 3/7/85, 3/30/85, 6/29/85. 23 * 24 * Required system supported functions : 25 * copysign(x,y) 26 * scalb(x,y) 27 * logb(x) 28 * 29 * Method : 30 * 1. Reduce y to positive by atan2(y,x)=-atan2(-y,x). 31 * 2. Reduce x to positive by (if x and y are unexceptional): 32 * ARG (x+iy) = arctan(y/x) ... if x > 0, 33 * ARG (x+iy) = pi - arctan[y/(-x)] ... if x < 0, 34 * 3. According to the integer k=4t+0.25 truncated , t=y/x, the argument 35 * is further reduced to one of the following intervals and the 36 * arctangent of y/x is evaluated by the corresponding formula: 37 * 38 * [0,7/16] atan(y/x) = t - t^3*(a1+t^2*(a2+...(a10+t^2*a11)...) 39 * [7/16,11/16] atan(y/x) = atan(1/2) + atan( (y-x/2)/(x+y/2) ) 40 * [11/16.19/16] atan(y/x) = atan( 1 ) + atan( (y-x)/(x+y) ) 41 * [19/16,39/16] atan(y/x) = atan(3/2) + atan( (y-1.5x)/(x+1.5y) ) 42 * [39/16,INF] atan(y/x) = atan(INF) + atan( -x/y ) 43 * 44 * Special cases: 45 * Notations: atan2(y,x) == ARG (x+iy) == ARG(x,y). 46 * 47 * ARG( NAN , (anything) ) is NaN; 48 * ARG( (anything), NaN ) is NaN; 49 * ARG(+(anything but NaN), +-0) is +-0 ; 50 * ARG(-(anything but NaN), +-0) is +-PI ; 51 * ARG( 0, +-(anything but 0 and NaN) ) is +-PI/2; 52 * ARG( +INF,+-(anything but INF and NaN) ) is +-0 ; 53 * ARG( -INF,+-(anything but INF and NaN) ) is +-PI; 54 * ARG( +INF,+-INF ) is +-PI/4 ; 55 * ARG( -INF,+-INF ) is +-3PI/4; 56 * ARG( (anything but,0,NaN, and INF),+-INF ) is +-PI/2; 57 * 58 * Accuracy: 59 * atan2(y,x) returns (PI/pi) * the exact ARG (x+iy) nearly rounded, 60 * where 61 * 62 * in decimal: 63 * pi = 3.141592653589793 23846264338327 ..... 64 * 53 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 115997963 ..... , 65 * 56 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 227020265 ..... , 66 * 67 * in hexadecimal: 68 * pi = 3.243F6A8885A308D313198A2E.... 69 * 53 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A30 = 2 * 1.921FB54442D18 error=.276ulps 70 * 56 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A308 = 4 * .C90FDAA22168C2 error=.206ulps 71 * 72 * In a test run with 356,000 random argument on [-1,1] * [-1,1] on a 73 * VAX, the maximum observed error was 1.41 ulps (units of the last place) 74 * compared with (PI/pi)*(the exact ARG(x+iy)). 75 * 76 * Note: 77 * We use machine PI (the true pi rounded) in place of the actual 78 * value of pi for all the trig and inverse trig functions. In general, 79 * if trig is one of sin, cos, tan, then computed trig(y) returns the 80 * exact trig(y*pi/PI) nearly rounded; correspondingly, computed arctrig 81 * returns the exact arctrig(y)*PI/pi nearly rounded. These guarantee the 82 * trig functions have period PI, and trig(arctrig(x)) returns x for 83 * all critical values x. 84 * 85 * Constants: 86 * The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants. 87 * The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert 88 * from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values 89 * shown. 90 */ 91 92 static double 93 #if defined(VAX) || defined(TAHOE) /* VAX D format */ 94 athfhi = 4.6364760900080611433E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -1 * .ED63382B0DDA7B */ 95 athflo = 1.9338828231967579916E-19 , /*Hex 2^-62 * .E450059CFE92C0 */ 96 PIo4 = 7.8539816339744830676E-1 , /*Hex 2^ 0 * .C90FDAA22168C2 */ 97 at1fhi = 9.8279372324732906796E-1 , /*Hex 2^ 0 * .FB985E940FB4D9 */ 98 at1flo = -3.5540295636764633916E-18 , /*Hex 2^-57 * -.831EDC34D6EAEA */ 99 PIo2 = 1.5707963267948966135E0 , /*Hex 2^ 1 * .C90FDAA22168C2 */ 100 PI = 3.1415926535897932270E0 , /*Hex 2^ 2 * .C90FDAA22168C2 */ 101 a1 = 3.3333333333333473730E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -1 * .AAAAAAAAAAAB75 */ 102 a2 = -2.0000000000017730678E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -2 * -.CCCCCCCCCD946E */ 103 a3 = 1.4285714286694640301E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -2 * .92492492744262 */ 104 a4 = -1.1111111135032672795E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -3 * -.E38E38EBC66292 */ 105 a5 = 9.0909091380563043783E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -3 * .BA2E8BB31BD70C */ 106 a6 = -7.6922954286089459397E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -3 * -.9D89C827C37F18 */ 107 a7 = 6.6663180891693915586E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -3 * .8886B4AE379E58 */ 108 a8 = -5.8772703698290408927E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * -.F0BBA58481A942 */ 109 a9 = 5.2170707402812969804E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * .D5B0F3A1AB13AB */ 110 a10 = -4.4895863157820361210E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * -.B7E4B97FD1048F */ 111 a11 = 3.3006147437343875094E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * .8731743CF72D87 */ 112 a12 = -1.4614844866464185439E-2 ; /*Hex 2^ -6 * -.EF731A2F3476D9 */ 113 #else /* IEEE double */ 114 athfhi = 4.6364760900080609352E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -2 * 1.DAC670561BB4F */ 115 athflo = 4.6249969567426939759E-18 , /*Hex 2^-58 * 1.5543B8F253271 */ 116 PIo4 = 7.8539816339744827900E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -1 * 1.921FB54442D18 */ 117 at1fhi = 9.8279372324732905408E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -1 * 1.F730BD281F69B */ 118 at1flo = -2.4407677060164810007E-17 , /*Hex 2^-56 * -1.C23DFEFEAE6B5 */ 119 PIo2 = 1.5707963267948965580E0 , /*Hex 2^ 0 * 1.921FB54442D18 */ 120 PI = 3.1415926535897931160E0 , /*Hex 2^ 1 * 1.921FB54442D18 */ 121 a1 = 3.3333333333333942106E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -2 * 1.55555555555C3 */ 122 a2 = -1.9999999999979536924E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -3 * -1.9999999997CCD */ 123 a3 = 1.4285714278004377209E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -3 * 1.24924921EC1D7 */ 124 a4 = -1.1111110579344973814E-1 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * -1.C71C7059AF280 */ 125 a5 = 9.0908906105474668324E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * 1.745CE5AA35DB2 */ 126 a6 = -7.6919217767468239799E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * -1.3B0FA54BEC400 */ 127 a7 = 6.6614695906082474486E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -4 * 1.10DA924597FFF */ 128 a8 = -5.8358371008508623523E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -5 * -1.DE125FDDBD793 */ 129 a9 = 4.9850617156082015213E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -5 * 1.9860524BDD807 */ 130 a10 = -3.6700606902093604877E-2 , /*Hex 2^ -5 * -1.2CA6C04C6937A */ 131 a11 = 1.6438029044759730479E-2 ; /*Hex 2^ -6 * 1.0D52174A1BB54 */ 132 #endif 133 134 double atan2(y,x) 135 double y,x; 136 { 137 static double zero=0, one=1, small=1.0E-9, big=1.0E18; 138 double copysign(),logb(),scalb(),t,z,signy,signx,hi,lo; 139 int finite(), k,m; 140 141 /* if x or y is NAN */ 142 if(x!=x) return(x); if(y!=y) return(y); 143 144 /* copy down the sign of y and x */ 145 signy = copysign(one,y) ; 146 signx = copysign(one,x) ; 147 148 /* if x is 1.0, goto begin */ 149 if(x==1) { y=copysign(y,one); t=y; if(finite(t)) goto begin;} 150 151 /* when y = 0 */ 152 if(y==zero) return((signx==one)?y:copysign(PI,signy)); 153 154 /* when x = 0 */ 155 if(x==zero) return(copysign(PIo2,signy)); 156 157 /* when x is INF */ 158 if(!finite(x)) 159 if(!finite(y)) 160 return(copysign((signx==one)?PIo4:3*PIo4,signy)); 161 else 162 return(copysign((signx==one)?zero:PI,signy)); 163 164 /* when y is INF */ 165 if(!finite(y)) return(copysign(PIo2,signy)); 166 167 168 /* compute y/x */ 169 x=copysign(x,one); 170 y=copysign(y,one); 171 if((m=(k=logb(y))-logb(x)) > 60) t=big+big; 172 else if(m < -80 ) t=y/x; 173 else { t = y/x ; y = scalb(y,-k); x=scalb(x,-k); } 174 175 /* begin argument reduction */ 176 begin: 177 if (t < 2.4375) { 178 179 /* truncate 4(t+1/16) to integer for branching */ 180 k = 4 * (t+0.0625); 181 switch (k) { 182 183 /* t is in [0,7/16] */ 184 case 0: 185 case 1: 186 if (t < small) 187 { big + small ; /* raise inexact flag */ 188 return (copysign((signx>zero)?t:PI-t,signy)); } 189 190 hi = zero; lo = zero; break; 191 192 /* t is in [7/16,11/16] */ 193 case 2: 194 hi = athfhi; lo = athflo; 195 z = x+x; 196 t = ( (y+y) - x ) / ( z + y ); break; 197 198 /* t is in [11/16,19/16] */ 199 case 3: 200 case 4: 201 hi = PIo4; lo = zero; 202 t = ( y - x ) / ( x + y ); break; 203 204 /* t is in [19/16,39/16] */ 205 default: 206 hi = at1fhi; lo = at1flo; 207 z = y-x; y=y+y+y; t = x+x; 208 t = ( (z+z)-x ) / ( t + y ); break; 209 } 210 } 211 /* end of if (t < 2.4375) */ 212 213 else 214 { 215 hi = PIo2; lo = zero; 216 217 /* t is in [2.4375, big] */ 218 if (t <= big) t = - x / y; 219 220 /* t is in [big, INF] */ 221 else 222 { big+small; /* raise inexact flag */ 223 t = zero; } 224 } 225 /* end of argument reduction */ 226 227 /* compute atan(t) for t in [-.4375, .4375] */ 228 z = t*t; 229 #if defined(VAX) || defined(TAHOE) 230 z = t*(z*(a1+z*(a2+z*(a3+z*(a4+z*(a5+z*(a6+z*(a7+z*(a8+ 231 z*(a9+z*(a10+z*(a11+z*a12)))))))))))); 232 #else /* IEEE double */ 233 z = t*(z*(a1+z*(a2+z*(a3+z*(a4+z*(a5+z*(a6+z*(a7+z*(a8+ 234 z*(a9+z*(a10+z*a11))))))))))); 235 #endif 236 z = lo - z; z += t; z += hi; 237 238 return(copysign((signx>zero)?z:PI-z,signy)); 239 } 240