1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * %sccs.include.redist.c% 6 */ 7 8 #ifndef lint 9 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 05/01/95"; 10 #endif /* not lint */ 11 12 #ifndef lint 13 static char copyright[] = 14 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 15 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 16 #endif /* not lint */ 17 18 /* 19 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 20 */ 21 #include <sys/param.h> 22 #include <sys/stat.h> 23 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 24 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 25 #include <sys/file.h> 26 #include <sys/mount.h> 27 28 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 29 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 30 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 31 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 32 33 #include <ctype.h> 34 #include <errno.h> 35 #include <paths.h> 36 #include <stdio.h> 37 #include <stdlib.h> 38 #include <string.h> 39 #include <syslog.h> 40 #include <unistd.h> 41 42 #if __STDC__ 43 #include <stdarg.h> 44 #else 45 #include <varargs.h> 46 #endif 47 48 #include "mntopts.h" 49 50 struct mntopt mopts[] = { 51 MOPT_STDOPTS, 52 MOPT_ASYNC, 53 { NULL }, 54 }; 55 56 #if __STDC__ 57 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 58 #else 59 void fatal(); 60 #endif 61 62 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 63 64 /* 65 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 66 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 67 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 68 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 69 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 70 */ 71 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 72 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 73 74 /* 75 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 76 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 77 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 78 * per group. 79 */ 80 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 81 82 /* 83 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 84 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 85 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 86 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 87 */ 88 #define ROTDELAY 4 89 90 /* 91 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 92 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 93 * block worth of data blocks. 94 */ 95 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 96 97 /* 98 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 99 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 100 * to be far more than we will ever need. 101 */ 102 #define NFPI 4 103 104 /* 105 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 106 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 107 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 108 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 109 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 110 */ 111 #define NRPOS 8 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 112 113 114 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 115 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 116 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 117 int fssize; /* file system size */ 118 int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 119 int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */ 120 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 121 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 122 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 123 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 124 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 125 #ifdef tahoe 126 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 127 #endif 128 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 129 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 130 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 131 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 132 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 133 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 134 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 135 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 136 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 137 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 138 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 139 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 140 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 141 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 142 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 143 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 144 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 145 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 146 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 147 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 148 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 149 #ifdef COMPAT 150 char *disktype; 151 int unlabeled; 152 #endif 153 154 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 155 char *progname; 156 157 int 158 main(argc, argv) 159 int argc; 160 char *argv[]; 161 { 162 extern char *optarg; 163 extern int optind; 164 register int ch; 165 register struct partition *pp; 166 register struct disklabel *lp; 167 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 168 struct partition oldpartition; 169 struct stat st; 170 struct statfs *mp; 171 int fsi, fso, len, n; 172 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 173 174 if (progname = strrchr(*argv, '/')) 175 ++progname; 176 else 177 progname = *argv; 178 179 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 180 mfs = 1; 181 Nflag++; 182 } 183 184 opstring = mfs ? 185 "NT:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" : 186 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 187 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 188 switch (ch) { 189 case 'N': 190 Nflag = 1; 191 break; 192 case 'O': 193 Oflag = 1; 194 break; 195 case 'S': 196 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 197 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 198 break; 199 #ifdef COMPAT 200 case 'T': 201 disktype = optarg; 202 break; 203 #endif 204 case 'a': 205 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 206 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n", 207 optarg); 208 break; 209 case 'b': 210 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 211 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 212 break; 213 case 'c': 214 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 215 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 216 cpgflg++; 217 break; 218 case 'd': 219 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 220 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 221 break; 222 case 'e': 223 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 224 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n", 225 optarg); 226 break; 227 case 'f': 228 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 229 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 230 break; 231 case 'i': 232 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 233 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 234 break; 235 case 'k': 236 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 237 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 238 break; 239 case 'l': 240 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 241 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 242 break; 243 case 'm': 244 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 245 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 246 break; 247 case 'n': 248 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 249 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 250 optarg); 251 break; 252 case 'o': 253 if (mfs) 254 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0); 255 else { 256 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 257 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 258 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 259 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 260 else 261 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'."); 262 } 263 break; 264 case 'p': 265 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 266 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 267 optarg); 268 break; 269 case 'r': 270 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 271 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg); 272 break; 273 case 's': 274 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 275 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 276 break; 277 case 't': 278 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 279 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 280 break; 281 case 'u': 282 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 283 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 284 break; 285 case 'x': 286 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 287 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 288 optarg); 289 break; 290 case '?': 291 default: 292 usage(); 293 } 294 argc -= optind; 295 argv += optind; 296 297 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 298 usage(); 299 300 special = argv[0]; 301 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 302 if (cp == 0) { 303 /* 304 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 305 */ 306 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 307 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 308 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 309 special = device; 310 } 311 if (Nflag) { 312 fso = -1; 313 } else { 314 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 315 if (fso < 0) 316 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 317 318 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 319 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 320 if (n == 0) 321 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 322 323 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 324 s1 = special; 325 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 326 s1 += len; 327 328 while (--n >= 0) { 329 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 330 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 331 s2 += len - 1; 332 *s2 = 'r'; 333 } 334 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 335 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 336 special, mp->f_mntonname); 337 ++mp; 338 } 339 } 340 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 341 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 342 if (lp == NULL) 343 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 344 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 345 } else { 346 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 347 if (fsi < 0) 348 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 349 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 350 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 351 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 352 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 353 progname, special); 354 cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 355 if (cp == (char *)-1 || 356 (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 357 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 358 argv[0]); 359 #ifdef COMPAT 360 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 361 disktype = argv[1]; 362 #endif 363 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 364 if (isdigit(*cp)) 365 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 366 else 367 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 368 if (pp->p_size == 0) 369 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 370 argv[0], *cp); 371 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 372 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 373 argv[0], *cp); 374 } 375 if (fssize == 0) 376 fssize = pp->p_size; 377 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 378 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 379 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 380 if (rpm == 0) { 381 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 382 if (rpm <= 0) 383 rpm = 3600; 384 } 385 if (ntracks == 0) { 386 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 387 if (ntracks <= 0) 388 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 389 } 390 if (nsectors == 0) { 391 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 392 if (nsectors <= 0) 393 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 394 } 395 if (sectorsize == 0) { 396 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 397 if (sectorsize <= 0) 398 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 399 } 400 if (trackskew == -1) { 401 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 402 if (trackskew < 0) 403 trackskew = 0; 404 } 405 if (interleave == 0) { 406 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 407 if (interleave <= 0) 408 interleave = 1; 409 } 410 if (fsize == 0) { 411 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 412 if (fsize <= 0) 413 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 414 } 415 if (bsize == 0) { 416 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 417 if (bsize <= 0) 418 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 419 } 420 /* 421 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 422 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 423 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 424 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 425 */ 426 if (maxcontig == 0) 427 maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize); 428 if (density == 0) 429 density = NFPI * fsize; 430 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 431 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 432 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 433 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 434 } 435 if (trackspares == -1) { 436 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 437 if (trackspares < 0) 438 trackspares = 0; 439 } 440 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 441 if (cylspares == -1) { 442 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 443 if (cylspares < 0) 444 cylspares = 0; 445 } 446 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 447 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 448 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 449 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 450 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 451 if (maxbpg == 0) 452 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 453 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 454 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 455 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 456 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 457 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 458 #endif 459 oldpartition = *pp; 460 #ifdef tahoe 461 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 462 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 463 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 464 465 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 466 nsectors /= secperblk; 467 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 468 secpercyl /= secperblk; 469 fssize /= secperblk; 470 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 471 } 472 #endif 473 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 474 #ifdef tahoe 475 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 476 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 477 #endif 478 if (!Nflag && memcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 479 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 480 if (!Nflag) 481 close(fso); 482 close(fsi); 483 #ifdef MFS 484 if (mfs) { 485 struct mfs_args args; 486 487 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 488 args.fspec = buf; 489 args.export.ex_root = -2; 490 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 491 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 492 else 493 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 494 args.base = membase; 495 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 496 if (mount("mfs", argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 497 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 498 } 499 #endif 500 exit(0); 501 } 502 503 #ifdef COMPAT 504 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 505 #else 506 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 507 #endif 508 509 struct disklabel * 510 getdisklabel(s, fd) 511 char *s; 512 int fd; 513 { 514 static struct disklabel lab; 515 516 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 517 #ifdef COMPAT 518 if (disktype) { 519 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 520 521 unlabeled++; 522 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 523 if (lp == NULL) 524 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 525 return (lp); 526 } 527 #endif 528 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 529 fatal(lmsg, s); 530 } 531 return (&lab); 532 } 533 534 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 535 char *s; 536 int fd; 537 register struct disklabel *lp; 538 { 539 #ifdef COMPAT 540 if (unlabeled) 541 return; 542 #endif 543 lp->d_checksum = 0; 544 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 545 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 546 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 547 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 548 } 549 #if vax 550 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) { 551 register i; 552 int cfd; 553 daddr_t alt; 554 char specname[64]; 555 char blk[1024]; 556 char *cp; 557 558 /* 559 * Make name for 'c' partition. 560 */ 561 strcpy(specname, s); 562 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1; 563 if (!isdigit(*cp)) 564 *cp = 'c'; 565 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY); 566 if (cfd < 0) 567 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno)); 568 memset(blk, 0, sizeof(blk)); 569 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp; 570 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors; 571 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 572 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, 573 L_SET) == -1) 574 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s", 575 strerror(errno)); 576 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) 577 warn("alternate label %d write", i/2); 578 } 579 close(cfd); 580 } 581 #endif 582 } 583 584 /*VARARGS*/ 585 void 586 #if __STDC__ 587 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 588 #else 589 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 590 char *fmt; 591 va_dcl 592 #endif 593 { 594 va_list ap; 595 596 #if __STDC__ 597 va_start(ap, fmt); 598 #else 599 va_start(ap); 600 #endif 601 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 602 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 603 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 604 closelog(); 605 } else { 606 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 607 } 608 va_end(ap); 609 exit(1); 610 /*NOTREACHED*/ 611 } 612 613 usage() 614 { 615 if (mfs) { 616 fprintf(stderr, 617 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 618 progname); 619 } else 620 fprintf(stderr, 621 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 622 progname, 623 #ifdef COMPAT 624 " [device-type]"); 625 #else 626 ""); 627 #endif 628 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 629 fprintf(stderr, 630 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 631 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 632 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 633 #ifdef COMPAT 634 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 635 #endif 636 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 637 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 638 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 639 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 640 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 641 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 642 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 643 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 644 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 645 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 646 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 647 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 648 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 649 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 650 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 651 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 652 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 653 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 654 exit(1); 655 } 656