1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * %sccs.include.redist.c% 6 */ 7 8 #ifndef lint 9 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.11 (Berkeley) 04/28/95"; 10 #endif /* not lint */ 11 12 #ifndef lint 13 static char copyright[] = 14 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 15 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 16 #endif /* not lint */ 17 18 /* 19 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 20 */ 21 #include <sys/param.h> 22 #include <sys/stat.h> 23 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 24 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 25 #include <sys/file.h> 26 #include <sys/mount.h> 27 28 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 29 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 30 31 #include <ctype.h> 32 #include <errno.h> 33 #include <paths.h> 34 #include <stdio.h> 35 #include <stdlib.h> 36 #include <string.h> 37 #include <syslog.h> 38 #include <unistd.h> 39 40 #if __STDC__ 41 #include <stdarg.h> 42 #else 43 #include <varargs.h> 44 #endif 45 46 #include "mntopts.h" 47 48 struct mntopt mopts[] = { 49 MOPT_STDOPTS, 50 MOPT_ASYNC, 51 { NULL }, 52 }; 53 54 #if __STDC__ 55 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 56 #else 57 void fatal(); 58 #endif 59 60 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 61 62 /* 63 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 64 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 65 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 66 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 67 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 68 */ 69 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 70 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 71 72 /* 73 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 74 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 75 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 76 * per group. 77 */ 78 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 79 80 /* 81 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 82 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 83 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 84 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 85 */ 86 #define ROTDELAY 4 87 88 /* 89 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 90 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 91 * block worth of data blocks. 92 */ 93 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 94 95 /* 96 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 97 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 98 * to be far more than we will ever need. 99 */ 100 #define NFPI 4 101 102 /* 103 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 104 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 105 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 106 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 107 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 108 */ 109 #define NRPOS 8 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 110 111 112 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 113 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 114 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 115 int fssize; /* file system size */ 116 int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 117 int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */ 118 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 119 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 120 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 121 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 122 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 123 #ifdef tahoe 124 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 125 #endif 126 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 127 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 128 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 129 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 130 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 131 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 132 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 133 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 134 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 135 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 136 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 137 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 138 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 139 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 140 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 141 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 142 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 143 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 144 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 145 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 146 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 147 #ifdef COMPAT 148 char *disktype; 149 int unlabeled; 150 #endif 151 152 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 153 char *progname; 154 155 int 156 main(argc, argv) 157 int argc; 158 char *argv[]; 159 { 160 extern char *optarg; 161 extern int optind; 162 register int ch; 163 register struct partition *pp; 164 register struct disklabel *lp; 165 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 166 struct partition oldpartition; 167 struct stat st; 168 struct statfs *mp; 169 int fsi, fso, len, n; 170 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 171 172 if (progname = strrchr(*argv, '/')) 173 ++progname; 174 else 175 progname = *argv; 176 177 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 178 mfs = 1; 179 Nflag++; 180 } 181 182 opstring = mfs ? 183 "NT:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" : 184 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 185 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 186 switch (ch) { 187 case 'N': 188 Nflag = 1; 189 break; 190 case 'O': 191 Oflag = 1; 192 break; 193 case 'S': 194 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 195 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 196 break; 197 #ifdef COMPAT 198 case 'T': 199 disktype = optarg; 200 break; 201 #endif 202 case 'a': 203 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 204 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n", 205 optarg); 206 break; 207 case 'b': 208 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 209 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 210 break; 211 case 'c': 212 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 213 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 214 cpgflg++; 215 break; 216 case 'd': 217 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 218 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 219 break; 220 case 'e': 221 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 222 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n", 223 optarg); 224 break; 225 case 'f': 226 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 227 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 228 break; 229 case 'i': 230 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 231 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'k': 234 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 235 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 236 break; 237 case 'l': 238 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 239 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 240 break; 241 case 'm': 242 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 243 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 244 break; 245 case 'n': 246 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 247 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 248 optarg); 249 break; 250 case 'o': 251 if (mfs) 252 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags); 253 else { 254 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 255 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 256 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 257 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 258 else 259 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'."); 260 } 261 break; 262 case 'p': 263 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 264 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 265 optarg); 266 break; 267 case 'r': 268 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 269 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg); 270 break; 271 case 's': 272 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 273 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 274 break; 275 case 't': 276 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 277 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 278 break; 279 case 'u': 280 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 281 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 282 break; 283 case 'x': 284 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 285 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 286 optarg); 287 break; 288 case '?': 289 default: 290 usage(); 291 } 292 argc -= optind; 293 argv += optind; 294 295 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 296 usage(); 297 298 special = argv[0]; 299 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 300 if (cp == 0) { 301 /* 302 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 303 */ 304 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 305 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 306 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 307 special = device; 308 } 309 if (Nflag) { 310 fso = -1; 311 } else { 312 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 313 if (fso < 0) 314 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 315 316 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 317 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 318 if (n == 0) 319 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 320 321 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 322 s1 = special; 323 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 324 s1 += len; 325 326 while (--n >= 0) { 327 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 328 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 329 s2 += len - 1; 330 *s2 = 'r'; 331 } 332 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 333 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 334 special, mp->f_mntonname); 335 ++mp; 336 } 337 } 338 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 339 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 340 if (lp == NULL) 341 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 342 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 343 } else { 344 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 345 if (fsi < 0) 346 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 347 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 348 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 349 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 350 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 351 progname, special); 352 cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 353 if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 354 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 355 argv[0]); 356 #ifdef COMPAT 357 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 358 disktype = argv[1]; 359 #endif 360 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 361 if (isdigit(*cp)) 362 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 363 else 364 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 365 if (pp->p_size == 0) 366 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 367 argv[0], *cp); 368 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 369 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 370 argv[0], *cp); 371 } 372 if (fssize == 0) 373 fssize = pp->p_size; 374 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 375 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 376 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 377 if (rpm == 0) { 378 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 379 if (rpm <= 0) 380 rpm = 3600; 381 } 382 if (ntracks == 0) { 383 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 384 if (ntracks <= 0) 385 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 386 } 387 if (nsectors == 0) { 388 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 389 if (nsectors <= 0) 390 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 391 } 392 if (sectorsize == 0) { 393 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 394 if (sectorsize <= 0) 395 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 396 } 397 if (trackskew == -1) { 398 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 399 if (trackskew < 0) 400 trackskew = 0; 401 } 402 if (interleave == 0) { 403 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 404 if (interleave <= 0) 405 interleave = 1; 406 } 407 if (fsize == 0) { 408 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 409 if (fsize <= 0) 410 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 411 } 412 if (bsize == 0) { 413 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 414 if (bsize <= 0) 415 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 416 } 417 /* 418 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 419 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 420 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 421 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 422 */ 423 if (maxcontig == 0) 424 maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize); 425 if (density == 0) 426 density = NFPI * fsize; 427 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 428 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 429 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 430 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 431 } 432 if (trackspares == -1) { 433 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 434 if (trackspares < 0) 435 trackspares = 0; 436 } 437 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 438 if (cylspares == -1) { 439 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 440 if (cylspares < 0) 441 cylspares = 0; 442 } 443 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 444 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 445 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 446 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 447 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 448 if (maxbpg == 0) 449 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 450 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 451 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 452 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 453 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 454 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 455 #endif 456 oldpartition = *pp; 457 #ifdef tahoe 458 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 459 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 460 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 461 462 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 463 nsectors /= secperblk; 464 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 465 secpercyl /= secperblk; 466 fssize /= secperblk; 467 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 468 } 469 #endif 470 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 471 #ifdef tahoe 472 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 473 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 474 #endif 475 if (!Nflag && memcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 476 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 477 if (!Nflag) 478 close(fso); 479 close(fsi); 480 #ifdef MFS 481 if (mfs) { 482 struct mfs_args args; 483 484 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 485 args.fspec = buf; 486 args.export.ex_root = -2; 487 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 488 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 489 else 490 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 491 args.base = membase; 492 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 493 if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 494 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 495 } 496 #endif 497 exit(0); 498 } 499 500 #ifdef COMPAT 501 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 502 #else 503 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 504 #endif 505 506 struct disklabel * 507 getdisklabel(s, fd) 508 char *s; 509 int fd; 510 { 511 static struct disklabel lab; 512 513 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 514 #ifdef COMPAT 515 if (disktype) { 516 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 517 518 unlabeled++; 519 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 520 if (lp == NULL) 521 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 522 return (lp); 523 } 524 #endif 525 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 526 fatal(lmsg, s); 527 } 528 return (&lab); 529 } 530 531 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 532 char *s; 533 int fd; 534 register struct disklabel *lp; 535 { 536 #ifdef COMPAT 537 if (unlabeled) 538 return; 539 #endif 540 lp->d_checksum = 0; 541 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 542 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 543 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 544 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 545 } 546 #if vax 547 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) { 548 register i; 549 int cfd; 550 daddr_t alt; 551 char specname[64]; 552 char blk[1024]; 553 char *cp; 554 555 /* 556 * Make name for 'c' partition. 557 */ 558 strcpy(specname, s); 559 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1; 560 if (!isdigit(*cp)) 561 *cp = 'c'; 562 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY); 563 if (cfd < 0) 564 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno)); 565 memset(blk, 0, sizeof(blk)); 566 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp; 567 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors; 568 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 569 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, 570 L_SET) == -1) 571 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s", 572 strerror(errno)); 573 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) 574 warn("alternate label %d write", i/2); 575 } 576 close(cfd); 577 } 578 #endif 579 } 580 581 /*VARARGS*/ 582 void 583 #if __STDC__ 584 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 585 #else 586 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 587 char *fmt; 588 va_dcl 589 #endif 590 { 591 va_list ap; 592 593 #if __STDC__ 594 va_start(ap, fmt); 595 #else 596 va_start(ap); 597 #endif 598 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 599 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 600 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 601 closelog(); 602 } else { 603 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 604 } 605 va_end(ap); 606 exit(1); 607 /*NOTREACHED*/ 608 } 609 610 usage() 611 { 612 if (mfs) { 613 fprintf(stderr, 614 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 615 progname); 616 } else 617 fprintf(stderr, 618 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 619 progname, 620 #ifdef COMPAT 621 " [device-type]"); 622 #else 623 ""); 624 #endif 625 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 626 fprintf(stderr, 627 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 628 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 629 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 630 #ifdef COMPAT 631 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 632 #endif 633 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 634 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 635 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 636 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 637 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 638 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 639 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 640 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 641 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 642 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 643 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 644 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 645 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 646 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 647 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 648 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 649 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 650 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 651 exit(1); 652 } 653