1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * %sccs.include.redist.c% 6 */ 7 8 #ifndef lint 9 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.2 (Berkeley) 01/12/94"; 10 #endif /* not lint */ 11 12 #ifndef lint 13 static char copyright[] = 14 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993\n\ 15 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 16 #endif /* not lint */ 17 18 /* 19 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 20 */ 21 #include <sys/param.h> 22 #include <sys/stat.h> 23 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 24 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 25 #include <sys/file.h> 26 #include <sys/mount.h> 27 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 28 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 29 30 #include <errno.h> 31 #if __STDC__ 32 #include <stdarg.h> 33 #else 34 #include <varargs.h> 35 #endif 36 #include <unistd.h> 37 #include <stdio.h> 38 #include <ctype.h> 39 #include <string.h> 40 #include <stdlib.h> 41 #include <paths.h> 42 43 #if __STDC__ 44 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 45 #else 46 void fatal(); 47 #endif 48 49 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 50 51 /* 52 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 53 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 54 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 55 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 56 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 57 */ 58 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 59 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 60 61 /* 62 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 63 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 64 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 65 * per group. 66 */ 67 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 68 69 /* 70 * MINFREE gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system 71 * blocks which may be free. If the freelist drops below this level 72 * only the superuser may continue to allocate blocks. This may 73 * be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary, 74 * however throughput drops by fifty percent if the file system 75 * is run at between 95% and 100% full; thus the default value of 76 * fs_minfree is 5%. With 5% free space, fragmentation is not a 77 * problem, so we choose to optimize for time. 78 */ 79 #define MINFREE 5 80 #define DEFAULTOPT FS_OPTTIME 81 82 /* 83 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 84 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 85 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 86 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 87 */ 88 #define ROTDELAY 4 89 90 /* 91 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 92 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 93 * block worth of data blocks. 94 */ 95 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 96 97 /* 98 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 99 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 100 * to be far more than we will ever need. 101 */ 102 #define NFPI 4 103 104 /* 105 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 106 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 107 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 108 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 109 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 110 */ 111 #define NRPOS 8 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 112 113 114 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 115 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 116 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 117 int fssize; /* file system size */ 118 int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 119 int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */ 120 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 121 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 122 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 123 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 124 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 125 #ifdef tahoe 126 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 127 #endif 128 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 129 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 130 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 131 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 132 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 133 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 134 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 135 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 136 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 137 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 138 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 139 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 140 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 141 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 142 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 143 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 144 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 145 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 146 int mntflags; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 147 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 148 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 149 #ifdef COMPAT 150 char *disktype; 151 int unlabeled; 152 #endif 153 154 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 155 char *progname; 156 157 main(argc, argv) 158 int argc; 159 char *argv[]; 160 { 161 extern char *optarg; 162 extern int optind; 163 register int ch; 164 register struct partition *pp; 165 register struct disklabel *lp; 166 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 167 struct partition oldpartition; 168 struct stat st; 169 int fsi, fso; 170 char *cp, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 171 struct statfs *mp; 172 char *s1, *s2; 173 int len, n; 174 175 if (progname = rindex(*argv, '/')) 176 ++progname; 177 else 178 progname = *argv; 179 180 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 181 mfs = 1; 182 Nflag++; 183 } 184 185 opstring = "F:NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 186 if (!mfs) 187 opstring += 2; /* -F is mfs only */ 188 189 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 190 switch(ch) { 191 case 'F': 192 if ((mntflags = atoi(optarg)) == 0) 193 fatal("%s: bad mount flags", optarg); 194 break; 195 case 'N': 196 Nflag++; 197 break; 198 case 'O': 199 Oflag++; 200 break; 201 case 'S': 202 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 203 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 204 break; 205 #ifdef COMPAT 206 case 'T': 207 disktype = optarg; 208 break; 209 #endif 210 case 'a': 211 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 212 fatal("%s: bad max contiguous blocks\n", 213 optarg); 214 break; 215 case 'b': 216 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 217 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 218 break; 219 case 'c': 220 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 221 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 222 cpgflg++; 223 break; 224 case 'd': 225 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 226 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 227 break; 228 case 'e': 229 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 230 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cyl group\n", 231 optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'f': 234 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 235 fatal("%s: bad frag size", optarg); 236 break; 237 case 'i': 238 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 239 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 240 break; 241 case 'k': 242 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 243 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 244 break; 245 case 'l': 246 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 247 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 248 break; 249 case 'm': 250 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 251 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 252 break; 253 case 'n': 254 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 255 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 256 optarg); 257 break; 258 case 'o': 259 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 260 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 261 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 262 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 263 else 264 fatal("%s: bad optimization preference %s", 265 optarg, "(options are `space' or `time')"); 266 break; 267 case 'p': 268 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 269 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 270 optarg); 271 break; 272 case 'r': 273 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 274 fatal("%s: bad revs/minute\n", optarg); 275 break; 276 case 's': 277 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 278 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 279 break; 280 case 't': 281 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 282 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 283 break; 284 case 'u': 285 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 286 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 287 break; 288 case 'x': 289 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 290 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 291 optarg); 292 break; 293 case '?': 294 default: 295 usage(); 296 } 297 argc -= optind; 298 argv += optind; 299 300 if (argc != 2 && (!mfs || argc != 1)) 301 usage(); 302 303 special = argv[0]; 304 cp = rindex(special, '/'); 305 if (cp == 0) { 306 /* 307 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 308 */ 309 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 310 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 311 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 312 special = device; 313 } 314 if (Nflag) { 315 fso = -1; 316 } else { 317 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 318 if (fso < 0) 319 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 320 321 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 322 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 323 if (n == 0) 324 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 325 326 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 327 s1 = special; 328 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 329 s1 += len; 330 331 while (--n >= 0) { 332 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 333 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 334 s2 += len - 1; 335 *s2 = 'r'; 336 } 337 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 338 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 339 special, mp->f_mntonname); 340 ++mp; 341 } 342 } 343 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 344 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 345 if (lp == NULL) 346 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 347 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 348 } else { 349 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 350 if (fsi < 0) 351 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 352 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 353 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 354 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 355 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 356 progname, special); 357 cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 358 if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 359 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 360 argv[0]); 361 #ifdef COMPAT 362 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 363 disktype = argv[1]; 364 #endif 365 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 366 if (isdigit(*cp)) 367 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 368 else 369 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 370 if (pp->p_size == 0) 371 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 372 argv[0], *cp); 373 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 374 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 375 argv[0], *cp); 376 } 377 if (fssize == 0) 378 fssize = pp->p_size; 379 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 380 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 381 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 382 if (rpm == 0) { 383 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 384 if (rpm <= 0) 385 rpm = 3600; 386 } 387 if (ntracks == 0) { 388 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 389 if (ntracks <= 0) 390 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 391 } 392 if (nsectors == 0) { 393 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 394 if (nsectors <= 0) 395 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 396 } 397 if (sectorsize == 0) { 398 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 399 if (sectorsize <= 0) 400 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 401 } 402 if (trackskew == -1) { 403 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 404 if (trackskew < 0) 405 trackskew = 0; 406 } 407 if (interleave == 0) { 408 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 409 if (interleave <= 0) 410 interleave = 1; 411 } 412 if (fsize == 0) { 413 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 414 if (fsize <= 0) 415 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 416 } 417 if (bsize == 0) { 418 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 419 if (bsize <= 0) 420 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 421 } 422 /* 423 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 424 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 425 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 426 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 427 */ 428 if (maxcontig == 0) 429 maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize); 430 if (density == 0) 431 density = NFPI * fsize; 432 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 433 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 434 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 435 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 436 } 437 if (trackspares == -1) { 438 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 439 if (trackspares < 0) 440 trackspares = 0; 441 } 442 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 443 if (cylspares == -1) { 444 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 445 if (cylspares < 0) 446 cylspares = 0; 447 } 448 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 449 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 450 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 451 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 452 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 453 if (maxbpg == 0) 454 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 455 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 456 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 457 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 458 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 459 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 460 #endif 461 oldpartition = *pp; 462 #ifdef tahoe 463 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 464 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 465 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 466 467 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 468 nsectors /= secperblk; 469 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 470 secpercyl /= secperblk; 471 fssize /= secperblk; 472 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 473 } 474 #endif 475 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 476 #ifdef tahoe 477 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 478 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 479 #endif 480 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 481 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 482 if (!Nflag) 483 close(fso); 484 close(fsi); 485 #ifdef MFS 486 if (mfs) { 487 struct mfs_args args; 488 489 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 490 args.fspec = buf; 491 args.export.ex_root = -2; 492 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 493 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 494 else 495 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 496 args.base = membase; 497 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 498 if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 499 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 500 } 501 #endif 502 exit(0); 503 } 504 505 #ifdef COMPAT 506 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 507 #else 508 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 509 #endif 510 511 struct disklabel * 512 getdisklabel(s, fd) 513 char *s; 514 int fd; 515 { 516 static struct disklabel lab; 517 518 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 519 #ifdef COMPAT 520 if (disktype) { 521 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 522 523 unlabeled++; 524 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 525 if (lp == NULL) 526 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 527 return (lp); 528 } 529 #endif 530 (void)fprintf(stderr, 531 "%s: ioctl (GDINFO): %s\n", progname, strerror(errno)); 532 fatal(lmsg, s); 533 } 534 return (&lab); 535 } 536 537 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 538 char *s; 539 int fd; 540 register struct disklabel *lp; 541 { 542 #ifdef COMPAT 543 if (unlabeled) 544 return; 545 #endif 546 lp->d_checksum = 0; 547 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 548 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 549 (void)fprintf(stderr, 550 "%s: ioctl (WDINFO): %s\n", progname, strerror(errno)); 551 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 552 } 553 #if vax 554 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) { 555 register i; 556 int cfd; 557 daddr_t alt; 558 char specname[64]; 559 char blk[1024]; 560 char *cp; 561 562 /* 563 * Make name for 'c' partition. 564 */ 565 strcpy(specname, s); 566 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1; 567 if (!isdigit(*cp)) 568 *cp = 'c'; 569 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY); 570 if (cfd < 0) 571 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno)); 572 bzero(blk, sizeof(blk)); 573 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp; 574 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors; 575 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 576 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, 577 L_SET) == -1) 578 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s", 579 strerror(errno)); 580 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) 581 fprintf(stderr, 582 "%s: alternate label %d write: %s\n", 583 progname, i/2, strerror(errno)); 584 } 585 close(cfd); 586 } 587 #endif 588 } 589 590 /*VARARGS*/ 591 void 592 #if __STDC__ 593 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 594 #else 595 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 596 char *fmt; 597 va_dcl 598 #endif 599 { 600 va_list ap; 601 602 #if __STDC__ 603 va_start(ap, fmt); 604 #else 605 va_start(ap); 606 #endif 607 fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname); 608 (void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap); 609 va_end(ap); 610 putc('\n', stderr); 611 exit(1); 612 } 613 614 usage() 615 { 616 if (mfs) { 617 fprintf(stderr, 618 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 619 progname); 620 } else 621 fprintf(stderr, 622 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 623 progname, 624 #ifdef COMPAT 625 " [device-type]"); 626 #else 627 ""); 628 #endif 629 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 630 fprintf(stderr, 631 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 632 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 633 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 634 #ifdef COMPAT 635 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 636 #endif 637 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 638 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 639 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 640 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 641 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 642 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 643 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 644 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 645 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 646 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 647 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 648 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 649 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 650 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 651 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 652 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 653 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 654 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 655 exit(1); 656 } 657