1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989 The Regents of the University of California. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * %sccs.include.redist.c% 6 */ 7 8 #ifndef lint 9 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 6.29 (Berkeley) 11/04/91"; 10 #endif /* not lint */ 11 12 #ifndef lint 13 char copyright[] = 14 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989 Regents of the University of California.\n\ 15 All rights reserved.\n"; 16 #endif /* not lint */ 17 18 /* 19 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 20 */ 21 #include <sys/param.h> 22 #include <sys/stat.h> 23 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 24 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 25 #include <sys/file.h> 26 #include <sys/mount.h> 27 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 28 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 29 30 #include <errno.h> 31 #if __STDC__ 32 #include <stdarg.h> 33 #else 34 #include <varargs.h> 35 #endif 36 #include <stdio.h> 37 #include <ctype.h> 38 #include <string.h> 39 #include <stdlib.h> 40 #include <paths.h> 41 42 #if __STDC__ 43 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 44 #else 45 void fatal(); 46 #endif 47 48 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 49 50 /* 51 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 52 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 53 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 54 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 55 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 56 */ 57 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 58 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 59 60 /* 61 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 62 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 63 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 64 * per group. 65 */ 66 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 67 68 /* 69 * MINFREE gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system 70 * blocks which may be free. If the freelist drops below this level 71 * only the superuser may continue to allocate blocks. This may 72 * be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary, 73 * however throughput drops by fifty percent if the file system 74 * is run at between 90% and 100% full; thus the default value of 75 * fs_minfree is 10%. With 10% free space, fragmentation is not a 76 * problem, so we choose to optimize for time. 77 */ 78 #define MINFREE 10 79 #define DEFAULTOPT FS_OPTTIME 80 81 /* 82 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 83 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 84 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 85 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 86 */ 87 #define ROTDELAY 4 88 89 /* 90 * MAXCONTIG sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 91 * that may be allocated sequentially. Since UNIX drivers are 92 * not capable of scheduling multi-block transfers, this defaults 93 * to 1 (ie no contiguous blocks are allocated). 94 */ 95 #define MAXCONTIG 1 96 97 /* 98 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 99 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 100 * block worth of data blocks. 101 */ 102 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 103 104 /* 105 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 106 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 107 * to be far more than we will ever need. 108 */ 109 #define NFPI 4 110 111 /* 112 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 113 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 114 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 115 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 116 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 117 */ 118 #define NRPOS 8 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 119 120 121 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 122 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 123 int fssize; /* file system size */ 124 int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 125 int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */ 126 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 127 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 128 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 129 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 130 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 131 #ifdef tahoe 132 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 133 #endif 134 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 135 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 136 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 137 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 138 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 139 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 140 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 141 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 142 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 143 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 144 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 145 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 146 int maxcontig = MAXCONTIG; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 147 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 148 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 149 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 150 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 151 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 152 int mntflags; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 153 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 154 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 155 #ifdef COMPAT 156 char *disktype; 157 int unlabeled; 158 #endif 159 160 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 161 char *progname; 162 163 main(argc, argv) 164 int argc; 165 char *argv[]; 166 { 167 extern char *optarg; 168 extern int optind; 169 register int ch; 170 register struct partition *pp; 171 register struct disklabel *lp; 172 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 173 struct partition oldpartition; 174 struct stat st; 175 int fsi, fso; 176 char *cp, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 177 178 if (progname = rindex(*argv, '/')) 179 ++progname; 180 else 181 progname = *argv; 182 183 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 184 mfs = 1; 185 Nflag++; 186 } 187 188 opstring = "F:NS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 189 if (!mfs) 190 opstring += 2; /* -F is mfs only */ 191 192 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 193 switch(ch) { 194 case 'F': 195 if ((mntflags = atoi(optarg)) == 0) 196 fatal("%s: bad mount flags", optarg); 197 break; 198 case 'N': 199 Nflag++; 200 break; 201 case 'S': 202 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 203 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 204 break; 205 #ifdef COMPAT 206 case 'T': 207 disktype = optarg; 208 break; 209 #endif 210 case 'a': 211 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 212 fatal("%s: bad max contiguous blocks\n", 213 optarg); 214 break; 215 case 'b': 216 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 217 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 218 break; 219 case 'c': 220 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 221 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 222 cpgflg++; 223 break; 224 case 'd': 225 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 226 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 227 break; 228 case 'e': 229 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 230 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cyl group\n", 231 optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'f': 234 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 235 fatal("%s: bad frag size", optarg); 236 break; 237 case 'i': 238 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 239 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 240 break; 241 case 'k': 242 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 243 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 244 break; 245 case 'l': 246 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 247 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 248 break; 249 case 'm': 250 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 251 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 252 break; 253 case 'n': 254 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 255 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 256 optarg); 257 break; 258 case 'o': 259 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 260 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 261 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 262 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 263 else 264 fatal("%s: bad optimization preference %s", 265 optarg, "(options are `space' or `time')"); 266 break; 267 case 'p': 268 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 269 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 270 optarg); 271 break; 272 case 'r': 273 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 274 fatal("%s: bad revs/minute\n", optarg); 275 break; 276 case 's': 277 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 278 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 279 break; 280 case 't': 281 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 282 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 283 break; 284 case 'u': 285 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 286 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 287 break; 288 case 'x': 289 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 290 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 291 optarg); 292 break; 293 case '?': 294 default: 295 usage(); 296 } 297 argc -= optind; 298 argv += optind; 299 300 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 301 usage(); 302 303 special = argv[0]; 304 cp = rindex(special, '/'); 305 if (cp == 0) { 306 /* 307 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 308 */ 309 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 310 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 311 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 312 special = device; 313 } 314 if (!Nflag) { 315 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 316 if (fso < 0) 317 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 318 } else 319 fso = -1; 320 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 321 if (fsi < 0) 322 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 323 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 324 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 325 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 326 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 327 progname, special); 328 cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 329 if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 330 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", argv[0]); 331 #ifdef COMPAT 332 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 333 disktype = argv[1]; 334 #endif 335 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 336 if (isdigit(*cp)) 337 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 338 else 339 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 340 if (pp->p_size == 0) 341 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", argv[0], *cp); 342 if (fssize == 0) 343 fssize = pp->p_size; 344 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 345 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 346 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 347 if (rpm == 0) { 348 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 349 if (rpm <= 0) 350 rpm = 3600; 351 } 352 if (ntracks == 0) { 353 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 354 if (ntracks <= 0) 355 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 356 } 357 if (nsectors == 0) { 358 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 359 if (nsectors <= 0) 360 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 361 } 362 if (sectorsize == 0) { 363 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 364 if (sectorsize <= 0) 365 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 366 } 367 if (trackskew == -1) { 368 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 369 if (trackskew < 0) 370 trackskew = 0; 371 } 372 if (interleave == 0) { 373 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 374 if (interleave <= 0) 375 interleave = 1; 376 } 377 if (fsize == 0) { 378 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 379 if (fsize <= 0) 380 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 381 } 382 if (bsize == 0) { 383 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 384 if (bsize <= 0) 385 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 386 } 387 if (density == 0) 388 density = NFPI * fsize; 389 if (minfree < 10 && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 390 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 391 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than 10%%\n"); 392 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 393 } 394 if (trackspares == -1) { 395 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 396 if (trackspares < 0) 397 trackspares = 0; 398 } 399 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 400 if (cylspares == -1) { 401 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 402 if (cylspares < 0) 403 cylspares = 0; 404 } 405 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 406 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 407 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 408 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 409 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 410 if (maxbpg == 0) 411 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 412 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 413 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 414 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 415 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 416 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 417 #endif 418 oldpartition = *pp; 419 #ifdef tahoe 420 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 421 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 422 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 423 424 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 425 nsectors /= secperblk; 426 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 427 secpercyl /= secperblk; 428 fssize /= secperblk; 429 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 430 } 431 #endif 432 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 433 #ifdef tahoe 434 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 435 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 436 #endif 437 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 438 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 439 if (!Nflag) 440 close(fso); 441 close(fsi); 442 #ifdef MFS 443 if (mfs) { 444 struct mfs_args args; 445 446 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 447 args.name = buf; 448 args.base = membase; 449 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 450 if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 451 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 452 } 453 #endif 454 exit(0); 455 } 456 457 #ifdef COMPAT 458 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 459 #else 460 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 461 #endif 462 463 struct disklabel * 464 getdisklabel(s, fd) 465 char *s; 466 int fd; 467 { 468 static struct disklabel lab; 469 470 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 471 #ifdef COMPAT 472 if (disktype) { 473 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 474 475 unlabeled++; 476 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 477 if (lp == NULL) 478 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 479 return (lp); 480 } 481 #endif 482 (void)fprintf(stderr, 483 "%s: ioctl (GDINFO): %s\n", progname, strerror(errno)); 484 fatal(lmsg, s); 485 } 486 return (&lab); 487 } 488 489 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 490 char *s; 491 int fd; 492 register struct disklabel *lp; 493 { 494 #ifdef COMPAT 495 if (unlabeled) 496 return; 497 #endif 498 lp->d_checksum = 0; 499 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 500 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 501 (void)fprintf(stderr, 502 "%s: ioctl (WDINFO): %s\n", progname, strerror(errno)); 503 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 504 } 505 #if vax 506 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) { 507 register i; 508 int cfd; 509 daddr_t alt; 510 char specname[64]; 511 char blk[1024]; 512 char *cp; 513 514 /* 515 * Make name for 'c' partition. 516 */ 517 strcpy(specname, s); 518 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1; 519 if (!isdigit(*cp)) 520 *cp = 'c'; 521 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY); 522 if (cfd < 0) 523 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno)); 524 bzero(blk, sizeof(blk)); 525 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp; 526 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors; 527 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 528 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, 529 L_SET) == -1) 530 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s", 531 strerror(errno)); 532 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) 533 fprintf(stderr, 534 "%s: alternate label %d write: %s\n", 535 progname, i/2, strerror(errno)); 536 } 537 close(cfd); 538 } 539 #endif 540 } 541 542 /*VARARGS*/ 543 void 544 #if __STDC__ 545 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 546 #else 547 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 548 char *fmt; 549 va_dcl 550 #endif 551 { 552 va_list ap; 553 554 #if __STDC__ 555 va_start(ap, fmt); 556 #else 557 va_start(ap); 558 #endif 559 fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname); 560 (void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap); 561 va_end(ap); 562 putc('\n', stderr); 563 exit(1); 564 } 565 566 usage() 567 { 568 if (mfs) { 569 fprintf(stderr, 570 "usage: mfs [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n"); 571 } else 572 fprintf(stderr, 573 "usage: newfs [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 574 #ifdef COMPAT 575 " [device-type]"); 576 #else 577 ""); 578 #endif 579 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 580 fprintf(stderr, 581 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 582 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 583 #ifdef COMPAT 584 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 585 #endif 586 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 587 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 588 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 589 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 590 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 591 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 592 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 593 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 594 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 595 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 596 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 597 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 598 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 599 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 600 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 601 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 602 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 603 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 604 exit(1); 605 } 606