Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
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@(#)hp.4 6.3 (Berkeley) 06/01/86

C 4 hp - MASSBUS disk interface "disk hp0 at mba0 drive 0" Files with minor device numbers 0 through 7 refer to various portions of drive 0; minor devices 8 through 15 refer to drive 1, etc. The standard device names begin with ``hp'' followed by the drive number and then a letter a-h for partitions 0-7 respectively. The character ? stands here for a drive number in the range 0-7.

The block file's access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a `raw' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw files conventionally begin with an extra `r.'

In raw I/O counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk sector). Likewise seek calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes.

This driver handles both standard DEC controllers and Emulex SC750 and SC780 controllers. Standard DEC drive types are recognized according to the MASSBUS drive type register. For the Emulex controller the drive type register should be configured to indicate the drive is an RM02. When this is encountered, the driver checks the holding register to find out the disk geometry and, based on this information, decides what the drive type is. The following disks are supported: RM03, RM05, RP06, RM80, RP05, RP07, ML11A, ML11B, CDC 9775, CDC 9730, AMPEX Capricorn (32 sectors/track), FUJITSU Eagle (48 sectors/track), Fujitsu 2361, and AMPEX 9300. The origin and size (in sectors) of the pseudo-disks on each drive are as follows:

RM03 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-99
 hp?b 16000 33440 100-309
 hp?c 0 131680 0-822
 hp?d 49600 15884 309-408
 hp?e 65440 55936 409-758
 hp?f 121440 10080 759-822
 hp?g 49600 82080 309-822

RM05 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-26
 hp?b 16416 33440 27-81
 hp?c 0 500384 0-822
 hp?d 341696 15884 562-588
 hp?e 358112 55936 589-680
 hp?f 414048 86176 681-822
 hp?g 341696 158528 562-822
 hp?h 49856 291346 82-561

RP06 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-37
 hp?b 15884 33440 38-117
 hp?c 0 340670 0-814
 hp?d 49324 15884 118-155
 hp?e 65208 55936 156-289
 hp?f 121220 219296 290-814
 hp?g 49324 291192 118-814 

RM80 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-36
 hp?b 16058 33440 37-114
 hp?c 0 242606 0-558
 hp?d 49910 15884 115-151
 hp?e 68096 55936 152-280
 hp?f 125888 120466 281-558
 hp?g 49910 192510 115-558

RP05 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-37
 hp?b 15884 33440 38-117
 hp?c 0 171798 0-410
 hp?d 2242 15884 118-155
 hp?e 65208 55936 156-289
 hp?f 121220 50424 290-410
 hp?g 2242 122320 118-410

RP07 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-9
 hp?b 16000 66880 10-51
 hp?c 0 1008000 0-629
 hp?d 376000 15884 235-244
 hp?e 392000 307200 245-436
 hp?f 699200 308600 437-629
 hp?g 376000 631800 235-629
 hp?h 83200 291346 52-234

CDC 9775 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-12
 hp?b 16640 66880 13-65
 hp?c 0 1077760 0-841
 hp?d 376320 15884 294-306
 hp?e 392960 307200 307-546
 hp?f 700160 377440 547-841
 hp?g 376320 701280 294-841
 hp?h 84480 291346 66-293

CDC 9730 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-49
 hp?b 16000 33440 50-154
 hp?c 0 263360 0-822
 hp?d 49600 15884 155-204
 hp?e 65600 55936 205-379
 hp?f 121600 141600 380-822
 hp?g 49600 213600 155-822

AMPEX Capricorn partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-31
 hp?b 16384 33440 32-97
 hp?c 0 524288 0-1023
 hp?d 342016 15884 668-699
 hp?e 358400 55936 700-809
 hp?f 414720 109408 810-1023
 hp?g 342016 182112 668-1023
 hp?h 50176 291346 98-667

FUJITSU Eagle partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-16
 hp?b 16320 66880 17-86
 hp?c 0 808320 0-841
 hp?d 375360 15884 391-407
 hp?e 391680 55936 408-727
 hp?f 698880 109248 728-841
 hp?g 375360 432768 391-841
 hp?h 83520 291346 87-390

FUJITSU 2361 partitions
 disk start length cyls
 hp?a 0 15884 0-12
 hp?b 16640 66880 13-65
 hp?c 0 1077760 0-841
 hp?d 376320 15884 294-306
 hp?e 392960 307200 307-546
 hp?f 700160 377408 547-841
 hp?g 363520 701248 294-841
 hp?h 84480 291346 66-293

AMPEX 9300 partitions
 disk start length cyl
 hp?a 0 15884 0-26
 hp?b 16416 33440 27-81
 hp?c 0 495520 0-814
 hp?d 341696 15884 562-588
 hp?e 358112 55936 589-680
 hp?f 414048 81312 681-814
 hp?g 341696 153664 562-814
 hp?h 49856 291346 82-561

It is unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation, since there is overlap in addresses and protection becomes a sticky matter. The hp?a partition is normally used for the root file system, the hp?b partition as a paging area, and the hp?c partition for pack-pack copying (it maps the entire disk). On disks larger than about 205 Megabytes, the hp?h partition is inserted prior to the hp?d or hp?g partition; the hp?g partition then maps the remainder of the pack. All disk partition tables are calculated using the diskpart (8) program.

/dev/hp[0-7][a-h] block files

/dev/rhp[0-7][a-h] raw files

hk(4), uda(4), up(4) hp%d%c: hard error sn%d mbsr=%b er1=%b er2=%b. An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified sector of the specified disk partition. The MASSBUS status register is printed in hexadecimal and with the error bits decoded if any error bits other than MBEXC and DTABT are set. In any case the contents of the two error registers are also printed in octal and symbolically with bits decoded. (Note that er2 is what old rp06 manuals would call er3; the terminology is that of the rm disks). The error was either unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts (including offset positioning and drive recalibration) could not recover the error.

hp%d: write locked. The write protect switch was set on the drive when a write was attempted. The write operation is not recoverable.

hp%d: not ready. The drive was spun down or off line when it was accessed. The I/O operation is not recoverable.

hp%d%c: soft ecc sn%d. A recoverable ECC error occurred on the specified sector of the specified disk partition. This happens normally a few times a week. If it happens more frequently than this the sectors where the errors are occurring should be checked to see if certain cylinders on the pack, spots on the carriage of the drive or heads are indicated.

During autoconfiguration one of the following messages may appear on the console indicating the appropriate drive type was recognized. The last message indicates the drive is of a unknown type.

 "hp%d: 9775 (direct)" .  "hp%d: 9730 (direct)" .  "hp%d: 9300" .  "hp%d: 9762" .  "hp%d: capricorn" .  "hp%d: eagle" .  "hp%d: 2361" .  "hp%d: ntracks %d, nsectors %d: unknown device" . 

In raw I/O read and write (2) truncate file offsets to 512-byte block boundaries, and write scribbles on the tail of incomplete blocks. Thus, in programs that are likely to access raw devices, read, write and lseek (2) should always deal in 512-byte multiples.

DEC-standard error logging should be supported.

A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its present reduced form) is needed.

The partition tables for the file systems should be read off of each pack, as they are never quite what any single installation would prefer, and this would make packs more portable.