1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" %sccs.include.redist.roff% 5.\" 6.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 06/05/93 7.\" 8.Dd 9.Dt HIER 7 10.Os 11.Sh NAME 12.Nm hier 13.Nd layout of filesystems 14.Sh DESCRIPTION 15A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 16.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 17.It Li / 18root directory of the filesystem 19.It Li /bin/ 20user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 21.It Li /dev/ 22block and character device files 23.Pp 24.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 25.It Li MAKEDEV 26script for creating device files; 27see 28.Xr makedev 8 29.It Li fd/ 30file descriptor files; 31see 32.Xr \&fd 4 33.El 34.It Li /etc/ 35system configuration files and scripts 36.Pp 37.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 38.It Li localtime 39local timezone information; 40see 41.Xr ctime 3 42.It Li disklabels/ 43backup disklabels; 44see 45.Xr disklabel 8 46.It Li kerberosIV/ 47configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 48see 49.Xr kerberos 1 50.It Li mtree/ 51mtree configuration files; 52see 53.Xr mtree 1 54.It Li namedb/ 55named configuration files; 56see 57.Xr named 8 58.El 59.It Li /mnt/ 60empty directory commonly used by 61system administrators as a temporary mount point 62.It Li /sbin/ 63system programs and administration utilities 64fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 65.It Li /stand/ 66programs used in a standalone environment 67.It Li /tmp/ 68temporary files, usually a 69.Xr mfs 8 70memory-based filesystem (the contents 71of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 72.It Li /usr/ 73contains the majority of user utilities and applications 74.Pp 75.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 76.It Li bin/ 77common utilities, programming tools, and applications 78.It Li contrib/ 79large packages contributed to Berkeley by outside parties 80.It Li games/ 81useful and semi-frivolous programs 82.It Li include/ 83standard C include files 84.Pp 85.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 86.It Li X11/ 87C include files for X11 window system 88.It Li arpa/ 89C include files for Internet service protocols 90.It Li kerberosIV/ 91C include files for kerberos authentication package; 92see 93.Xr kerberos 1 94.It Li machine/ 95machine specific C include files 96.It Li net/ 97misc network C include files 98.It Li netimp/ 99C include files for IMP protocols; 100see 101.Xr imp 4 102.It Li netinet/ 103C include files for Internet standard protocols; 104see 105.Xr inet 4 106.It Li netiso/ 107C include files for ISO standard protocols; 108see 109.Xr iso 4 110.It Li netns/ 111C include files for XNS standard protocols; 112see 113.Xr \&ns 4 114.It Li nfs/ 115C include files for NFS (Network File System) 116.It Li pascal/ 117include files for pc 1 118.It Li protocols/ 119C include files for Berkeley service protocols 120.It Li sys/ 121system C include files (kernel data structures) 122.It Li ufs/ 123C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 124.El 125.Pp 126.It Li lib/ 127archive libraries 128.Pp 129.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 130.It Li uucp/ 131UUCP configuration files (historically placed; to be moved) 132.El 133.It Li libdata/ 134misc. utility data files 135.It Li libexec/ 136system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 137.It Li local/ 138local executables, libraries, etc. 139.It Li obj/ 140architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 141.It Li old/ 142programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 143releases 144.It Li sbin/ 145system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 146.It Li share/ 147architecture-independent ascii text files 148.Pp 149.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 150.It Li calendar/ 151a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 152see 153.Xr calendar 1 154.It Li dict/ 155word lists; 156see 157.Xr look 1 158.Pp 159.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 160.It Li words 161common words 162.It Li web2 163words from Webster's 2nd International 164.It Li papers/ 165reference databases; 166see 167.Xr refer 1 168.It Li special/ 169custom word lists; 170see 171.Xr spell 1 172.El 173.Pp 174.It Li doc/ 175misc documentation; 176src for most of the printed 177.Bx BSD 178manuals (available 179from the 180.Tn USENIX 181association) 182.It Li games/ 183ascii text files used by various games 184.It Li man/ 185manual pages 186.It Li me/ 187macros for use with the me macro package 188.It Li misc/ 189misc system-wide ascii text files 190.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 191.It Li termcap 192terminal characteristics database; 193see 194.Xr termcap 5 195.El 196.It Li mk/ 197templates for make; 198see 199.Xr make 1 200.It Li ms/ 201macros for use with the ms macro package 202.It Li skel/ 203example . (dot) files for new accounts 204.It Li tabset/ 205tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 206the termcap file; 207see 208.Xr termcap 5 209.It Li tmac/ 210text processing macros; 211see 212.Xr nroff 1 213and 214.Xr troff 1 215.It Li zoneinfo/ 216timezone configuration information; 217see 218.Xr tzfile 5 219.El 220.Pp 221.It Li src/ 222BSD and/or local source files 223.Pp 224.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 225.It Li bin/ 226src for files in /bin 227.It Li contrib/ 228src for files in /usr/contrib 229.It Li etc/ 230src for files in /etc 231.It Li games/ 232src for files in /usr/games 233.It Li include/ 234src for files in /usr/include 235.It Li kerberosIV/ 236src for kerberos version IV 237.It Li lib/ 238src for files in /usr/lib 239.It Li libexec/ 240src for files in /usr/libexec 241.It Li local/ 242src for files in /usr/local 243.It Li old/ 244src for files in /usr/old 245.It Li pgrm/ 246src for programming tools in /usr/bin 247.It Li sbin/ 248src for files in /sbin 249.It Li share/ 250src for files in /usr/share 251.It Li sys/ 252kernel src files 253.It Li usr.bin/ 254src for files in /usr/bin 255.It Li usr.sbin/ 256src for files in /usr/sbin 257.El 258.El 259.It Li /var/ 260multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 261.Pp 262.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 263.It Li account/ 264system accounting files 265.Pp 266.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 267.It Li acct 268execution accounting file; 269see 270.Xr acct 5 271.El 272.Pp 273.It Li at/ 274timed command scheduling files; 275see 276.Xr \&at 1 277.It Li backups/ 278misc. backup files 279.It Li db/ 280misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 281.It Li games/ 282misc. game status and log files 283.It Li log/ 284misc. system log files 285.Pp 286.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 287.It Li wtmp 288login/logout log; 289see 290.Xr wtmp 5 291.El 292.Pp 293.It Li mail/ 294user mailbox files 295.It Li preserve/ 296temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 297of an editor; 298see 299.Xr \&ex 1 300.It Li quotas/ 301filesystem quota information files 302.It Li run/ 303system information files describing various info about 304system since it was booted 305.Pp 306.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 307.It Li utmp 308database of current users; 309see 310.Xr utmp 5 311.El 312.Pp 313.It Li rwho/ 314rwho data files; 315see 316.Xr rwhod 8 , 317.Xr rwho 1 , 318and 319.Xr ruptime 1 320.It Li spool/ 321misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 322.Pp 323.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 324.It Li ftp/ 325commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 326.It Li mqueue/ 327undelivered mail queue; 328see 329.Xr sendmail 8 330.It Li output/ 331line printer spooling directories 332.It Li secretmail/ 333secretmail spool directory; 334see 335.Xr xget 1 336.It Li uucp/ 337uucp spool directory 338.It Li uucppublic/ 339commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 340.El 341.Pp 342.It Li tmp/ 343temporary files that are kept between system reboots 344.El 345.It Li /vmunix 346pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 347at boot time). 348.El 349.Sh SEE ALSO 350.Xr \&ls 1 , 351.Xr apropos 1 , 352.Xr whatis 1 , 353.Xr whereis 1 , 354.Xr finger 1 , 355.Xr which 1 , 356.Xr find 1 , 357.Xr grep 1 , 358.Xr fsck 8 359.Sh HISTORY 360A 361.Nm hier 362manual page appeared in 363.At v7 . 364