1# @(#)europe 4.10 2 3# International country codes are used to identify countries' rules and 4# zones 5# 6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, go 7# ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# ado@ncifcrf.gov for general use in the future). 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# United Kingdom 13 14# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): 15# 16# The starting and ending dates below (from which the rules are derived) 17# are from Whitaker's Almanack for 1987, page 146. 18# 1960 is the earliest year for which dates are given; 19# Whitaker's notes that British Summer Time (and, in some years, Double Summer 20# Time) was observed in earlier years but does not give start and end dates. 21# 22# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 23# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 24# 1960 April 10 October 2 (yes, 2, according to the almanac) 25# 1961 March 26 October 29 26# 1962 March 25 October 28 27# 1963 March 31 October 27 28# 1964 March 22 October 25 29# 1965 March 21 October 24 30# 1966 March 20 October 23 31# 1967 March 19 October 29 32# 1968 February 18 October 27 33# "British Standard Time, also one hour ahead of G. M. T., was kept between 34# 1968 Oct. 27-1971 Oct. 31." 35# 1972 March 19 October 29 36# 1973 March 18 October 28 37# 1974 March 17 October 27 38# 1975 March 16 October 26 39# 1976 March 21 October 24 40# 1977 March 20 October 23 41# 1978 March 19 October 29 42# 1979 March 18 October 28 43# 1980 March 16 October 26 44# 1981 March 29 October 25 45# 1982 March 28 October 24 46# 1983 March 27 October 23 47# 1984 March 25 October 28 48# 1985 March 31 October 27 49# 1986 March 30 October 26 50# 1987 March 29 October 25 51 52# From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 4, 1989): 53# 54# It is NOT possible to predict when [British Summer Time] will change 55# in a future year. 56# 57# (The admiralty calculate when they think it should be (no more that a couple 58# of years in advance) and advise the government who then decide whether or 59# not they will take the admiralty's advice) 60# 61# ...the Gre[e]nwich...observatory...[was] very helpful. 62# 63# I was not able to track down the Admiralty formula (I tried hard but failed) 64 65# ... 66# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 67# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 68# ... 69# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 70# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 71# politics making a fortune, not computing. 72# 73# Summer time ends on Sunday 29 October 1989. 74 75# ... 76# Date: 5 Jan 89 09:50:38 GMT (Thu) 77# From: Peter Kendell <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!tcom.stc.co.uk!pete> 78# ... 79# 80# From my Collins Diary for 1989 - 81# 82# "At the time of going to press the Home Office was unable to confirm 83# the 1989 starting and finishing dates for BST*, but expressed the 84# view that 26 March and 29 October were the likeliest dates to be 85# adopted" 86# 87# *British Summer Time. 88 89# From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 5, 1989): 90# 91# . . .our government is seriously considering applying Double Summer Time - 92# putting the clocks forwards and back TWO hours for daylight saving time. 93# This is advocated to standardise time in the EEC - we're all supposed to 94# keep the same time and to change the clocks on the same dates in the future. 95 96# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 97# Historic starting rules 98Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 99Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST 100Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 1:00s 1:00 BST 101Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 1:00s 1:00 BST 102Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 103# Historic ending rules 104Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Oct 2 1:00s 0 GMT 105Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT 106Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT 107# Current rules 108Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST 109Rule GB-Eire 1972 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT 110 111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone GB-Eire 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00s 113 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 1:00s 114 0:00 GB-Eire %s 115 116############################################################################### 117 118# Continental Europe 119 120# The use of 1986 as starting years below is conservative. 121 122Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 123Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 124 125Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 126Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127 128Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" 129Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 - 130 131Rule Turkey 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 " DST" 132Rule Turkey 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 133 134Rule W-SU 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 135Rule W-SU 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 136 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 139Zone Iceland 0:00 - WET 140Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 141Zone Poland 1:00 W-Eur MET%s 142Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s 143Zone Turkey 3:00 Turkey EET%s 144Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ???? 145 146# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time 147 148Link MET CET 149 150############################################################################### 151 152# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 153# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 154# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 155# 156# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 157# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 158# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 159# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 160# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 161# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 162 163# ... 164# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 165# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 166# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 167# ... 168# 169# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 170# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 171# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 172# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 173# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 174# years... 175# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 176# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 177# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 178# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 179# 180# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 181# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 182# 183# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 184# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 185# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 186 187# ... 188# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 189# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 190# ... 191# 192# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 193# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 194# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 195# 196# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 197# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 198# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 199# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 200# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 201# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 202# dates... 203# 204# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 205# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 206# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 207# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 208# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 209# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 210# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 211# in advance of normal time. 212# 213# ... 214# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 215# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 216# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 217 218# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): 219# ... 220# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 221# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 222# ... 223# Monaco: has same DST as France. 224# ... 225