1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" %sccs.include.proprietary.roff% 5.\" 6.\" @(#)ex.1 6.8 (Berkeley) 04/17/91 7.\" 8.Vx 9.Dd 10.Dt EX 1 11.Os BSD 4 12.Sh NAME 13.Nm ex , edit 14.Nd text editor 15.Sh SYNOPSIS 16.Nm ex 17.Op Fl 18.Op Fl v 19.Op Fl t Ar tag 20.Op Fl r 21.Oo 22.Op Cm + Ar command 23.Oo 24.Op Fl l 25.Ar name 26\&... 27.Nm edit 28.Op ex options 29.Sh DESCRIPTION 30.Nm Ex 31is the root of a family of editors: 32.Nm edit , 33.Nm ex 34and 35.Nm vi . 36.Nm Ex 37is a superset of 38.Xr ed , 39with the most notable extension being a display editing facility. 40Display based editing is the focus of 41.Xr vi 1 . 42.Pp 43If you have not used 44.Xr ed 1 , 45or are a casual user, you will find that the editor 46.Nm edit 47is convenient for you. 48It avoids some of the complexities of 49.Nm ex 50used mostly by systems programmers and persons very familiar with 51.Xr ed 1 . 52.Pp 53If you have a 54.Li CRT 55terminal, you may wish to use a display 56based editor; in this case 57see 58.Xr vi 1 , 59which is a command which focuses on the display editing portion of 60.Nm ex . 61.Sh DOCUMENTATION 62The document 63.Em Edit: A tutorial 64(USD:14) provides a comprehensive introduction to 65.Nm edit 66assuming no previous knowledge of computers or the UNIX 67system. 68.Pp 69The 70.Em Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7 71(USD:16) 72is a comprehensive and complete manual for the command mode features 73of 74.Nm ex , 75but you cannot learn to use the editor by reading it. 76For an introduction to 77more advanced forms of editing using the command mode of 78.Nm ex 79see the editing documents written by Brian Kernighan for the editor 80.Xr ed 1 ; 81the material in the introductory and advanced documents works also with 82.Nm ex . 83.Pp 84.Em An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi 85(USD:15) 86introduces the display editor 87.Xr vi 1 88and provides reference material on 89.Xr vi 1 . 90In addition, the 91.Em Vi Quick Reference 92card summarizes the commands 93of 94.Xr vi 1 95in a useful, functional way, and is useful with the 96.Em Introduction . 97.Sh ENVIRONMENT 98The 99.Nm 100command uses the following environment variables. 101.Tw Fl 102.Tp Ev EXINIT 103User specified startup values for 104.Nm ex . 105.Tp Ev HOME 106Default directory to search for 107the file 108.Pa ~/.exrc 109.Tp Ev SHELL 110Shell used for 111.Em escaped 112commands (with the 113.Ic \&! 114command). 115.Tp Ev TERM 116Terminal type. 117.Tp Ev TERMCAP 118Alternate termcap file. 119.Tp 120.Sh FILES 121.Dw /usr/libexec/ex?.?preserve 122.Di L 123.Dp Pa /usr/libexec/ex?.?strings 124error messages 125.Dp Pa /usr/libexec/ex?.?recover 126recover command 127.Dp Pa /usr/libexec/ex?.?preserve 128preserve command 129.Dp Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap 130describes capabilities of terminals 131.Dp Pa ~/.exrc 132editor startup file 133.Dc Pa /tmp/Ex 134.Ar nnnnn 135.Cx 136editor temporary 137.Dc Pa /tmp/Rx 138.Ar nnnnn 139.Cx 140named buffer temporary 141.Dp Pa /var/preserve 142preservation directory 143.Dp 144.Sh SEE ALSO 145.Xr awk 1 , 146.Xr ed 1 , 147.Xr grep 1 , 148.Xr sed 1 , 149.Xr grep 1 , 150.Xr vi 1 , 151.Xr termcap 5 , 152.Xr environ 7 153.Sh HISTORY 154.Nm Ex 155appeared in 3 BSD. 156.Sh AUTHOR 157Originally written by William Joy 158.br 159Mark Horton has maintained the editor since version 2.7, adding macros, 160support for many unusual terminals, 161and other features such as word abbreviation mode. 162.Sh BUGS 163The 164.Ic undo 165command causes all marks to be lost on lines changed and then restored 166if the marked lines were changed. 167.Pp 168.Ic Undo 169never clears the buffer modified condition. 170.Pp 171The 172.Ic z 173command prints a number of logical rather than physical lines. 174More than a screen full of output may result if long lines are present. 175.Pp 176File input/output errors don't print a name if the command line 177.Sq Fl 178option is used. 179.Pp 180There is no easy way to do a single scan ignoring case. 181.Pp 182The editor does not warn if text is placed in named buffers and not used 183before exiting the editor. 184.Pp 185Null characters are discarded in input files, and cannot appear in resultant 186files. 187