1.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1988 Mark Nudleman 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" %sccs.include.redist.man% 6.\" 7.\" @(#)more.1 5.14 (Berkeley) 03/14/91 8.\" 9.Vx 10.Vx 11.Dd 12.Dt MORE 1 13.Sh NAME 14.Nm more 15.Nd file perusal filter for crt viewing 16.Sh SYNOPSIS 17.Nm more 18.Op Fl ceinus 19.Op Fl t Ar tag 20.Op Fl x Ar tabs 21.Op Fl / Ar pattern 22.Op Fl # 23.Ar 24.Sh DESCRIPTION 25.Nm More 26is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. It 27uses 28.Xr termcap 3 29so it can run on a variety of terminals. There is even limited support 30for hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be 31printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with an up-arrow.) 32.Ar File 33may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin. 34.Sh OPTIONS 35Command line options are described below. 36Options are also taken from the environment variable 37.Ev MORE 38(make sure to precede them with a dash (``-'')) but command 39line options will override them. 40.Tw Fl 41.Tp Fl c 42Normally, 43.Nm more 44will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom of the screen. 45If the 46.Fl c 47option is set, when 48.Nm more 49needs to change the entire display, it will paint from the top line down. 50.Tp Fl e 51Normally, if displaying a single file, 52.Nm more 53exits as soon as it reaches end-of-file. The 54.Fl e 55option tells more to 56exit if it reaches end-of-file twice without an intervening operation. 57If the file is shorter than a single screen 58.Nm more 59will exit at end-of-file regardless. 60.Tp Fl i 61The 62.Fl i 63option causes searches to ignore case; that is, 64uppercase and lowercase are considered identical. 65.Tp Fl n 66The 67.Fl n 68flag suppresses line numbers. 69The default (to use line numbers) may cause 70.Nm more 71to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file. 72Suppressing line numbers with the 73.Fl n 74flag will avoid this problem. 75Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the 76.Cm = 77command, and the 78.Cm v 79command will pass the current line number to the editor. 80.Tp Fl s 81The 82.Fl s 83option causes 84consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line. 85.Tp Fl t 86The 87.Fl t 88option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file 89containing that tag. For more information, see the 90.Xr ctags 1 91command. 92.Tp Fl u 93By default, 94.Nm more 95treats backspaces and CR-LF sequences specially. Backspaces which appear 96adjacent to an underscore character are displayed as underlined text. 97Backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed 98as emboldened text. CR-LF sequences are compressed to a single linefeed 99character. The 100.Fl u 101option causes backspaces to always be displayed as 102control characters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and CR-LF 103to be left alone. 104.Tp Fl x 105The 106.Fl x 107option sets tab stops every 108.Ar N 109positions. The default for 110.Ar N 111is 8. 112.Tp Fl \&/ 113The 114.Fl \&/ 115option specifies a string that will be searched for before 116each file is displayed. 117.Sh COMMANDS 118Interactive commands for 119.Nm more 120are based on 121.Xr vi 1 . 122Some commands may be preceeded by a decimal number, called N in the 123descriptions below. 124In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X. 125.Pp 126.Tw Ic 127.Tp Ic h 128help: display a summary of these commands. 129If you forget all the other commands, remember this one. 130.Tp Cx Ic SPACE 131.Ws 132.Cx or 133.Ws 134.Ic f 135.Ws 136.Cx or 137.Ws 138.Ic \&^F 139.Cx 140Scroll forward N lines, default one window. 141If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 142.Tp Cx Ic b 143.Ws 144.Cx or 145.Ws 146.Ic \&^B 147.Cx 148Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below). 149If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 150.Tp Cx Ic j 151.Ws 152.Cx or 153.Ws 154.Ic RETURN 155.Cx 156Scroll forward N lines, default 1. 157The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 158.Tp Ic k 159Scroll backward N lines, default 1. 160The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 161.Tp Cx Ic d 162.Ws 163.Cx or 164.Ws 165.Ic \&^D 166.Cx 167Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 168If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 169subsequent d and u commands. 170.Tp Cx Ic u 171.Ws 172.Cx or 173.Ws 174.Ic \&^U 175.Cx 176Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 177If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 178subsequent d and u commands. 179.Tp Ic g 180Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file). 181.Tp Ic G 182Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. 183.Tp Cx Ic p 184.Ws 185.Cx or 186.Ws 187.Ic \&% 188.Cx 189Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0 190and 100. (This works if standard input is being read, but only if 191.Nm more 192has already read to the end of the file. It is always fast, but 193not always useful.) 194.Tp Cx Ic r 195.Ws 196.Cx or 197.Ws 198.Ic \&^L 199.Cx 200Repaint the screen. 201.Tp Ic R 202Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. 203Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed. 204.Tp Ic m 205Followed by any lowercase letter, 206marks the current position with that letter. 207.Tp Ic \&\' 208(Single quote.) 209Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which 210was previously marked with that letter. 211Followed by another single quote, returns to the postion at 212which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the 213beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred. 214All marks are lost when a new file is examined. 215.Tp Cx Ic \&/ 216.Ar pattern 217.Cx 218Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 219N defaults to 1. 220The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by 221.Xr ed . 222The search starts at the second line displayed. 223.Tp Cx Ic \&\? 224.Ar pattern 225.Cx 226Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 227The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed. 228.Tp Cx Ic \&/\&! 229.Ar pattern 230.Cx 231Like /, but the search is for the N-th line 232which does NOT contain the pattern. 233.Tp Cx Ic \&?\&! 234.Ar pattern 235.Cx 236Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line 237which does NOT contain the pattern. 238.Tp Ic n 239Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern 240(or NOT containing the last pattern, if the previous search 241was /! or ?!). 242.Tp Cx Ic E 243.Ws 244.Op Ar filename 245.Cx 246Examine a new file. 247If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the N and P commands 248below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined. 249If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is 250re-examined. 251.Tp Cx Ic N 252.Ws 253.Cx or 254.Ws 255.Ic \&:n 256.Cx 257Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line). 258If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N), 259the N-th next file is examined. 260.Tp Cx Ic P 261.Ws 262.Cx or 263.Ws 264.Ic \&:p 265.Cx 266Examine the previous file. 267If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined. 268.Tp Ic \&:t 269Go to supplied tag. 270.Tp Ic v 271Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. 272The editor is taken from the environment variable 273.Ev EDITOR , 274or defaults to 275.Xr vi 1 . 276.Tp Cx Ic \&= 277.Ws 278.Cx or 279.Ws 280.Ic \&^G 281.Cx 282These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed 283relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current 284line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and 285what percentage of the file has been displayed. If 286.Nm more 287is reading from stdin, or the file is shorter than a single screen, some 288of these items may not be available. Note, all of these items reference 289the first byte of the last line displayed on the screen. 290.Tp Cx Ic q 291.Ws 292.Cx or 293.Ws 294.Ic \&:q 295.Ws 296.Cx or 297.Ws 298.Ic ZZ 299.Cx 300Exits 301.Nm more . 302.Tp 303.Sh ENVIRONMENT 304.Nm More 305utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist: 306.Tw Fl 307.Tp Ev MORE 308This variable may be set with favored options to 309.Nm more . 310.Tp Ev EDITOR 311Specify default editor. 312.Tp Ev SHELL 313Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time). 314.Tp Ev TERM 315Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal 316characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen. 317.Tp 318.Sh SEE ALSO 319.Xr ctags 1 , 320.Xr vi 1 321.Sh AUTHOR 322This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley 323by Mark Nudleman. 324.Sh HISTORY 325.Nm more 326appeared in 3 BSD. 327