1.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1988 Mark Nudleman 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" %sccs.include.redist.man% 6.\" 7.\" @(#)more.1 5.13 (Berkeley) 07/24/90 8.\" 9.Dd 10.Dt MORE 1 11.Sh NAME 12.Nm more 13.Nd file perusal filter for crt viewing 14.Sh SYNOPSIS 15.Nm more 16.Op Fl ceinus 17.Op Fl t Ar tag 18.Op Fl x Ar tabs 19.Op Fl / Ar pattern 20.Op Fl # 21.Ar 22.Sh DESCRIPTION 23.Nm More 24is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. It 25uses 26.Xr termcap 3 27so it can run on a variety of terminals. There is even limited support 28for hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be 29printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with an up-arrow.) 30.Ar File 31may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin. 32.Sh OPTIONS 33Command line options are described below. 34Options are also taken from the environment variable 35.Ev MORE 36(make sure to precede them with a dash (``-'')) but command 37line options will override them. 38.Tw Fl 39.Tp Fl c 40Normally, 41.Nm more 42will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom of the screen. 43If the 44.Fl c 45option is set, when 46.Nm more 47needs to change the entire display, it will paint from the top line down. 48.Tp Fl e 49Normally, if displaying a single file, 50.Nm more 51exits as soon as it reaches end-of-file. The 52.Fl e 53option tells more to 54exit if it reaches end-of-file twice without an intervening operation. 55If the file is shorter than a single screen 56.Nm more 57will exit at end-of-file regardless. 58.Tp Fl i 59The 60.Fl i 61option causes searches to ignore case; that is, 62uppercase and lowercase are considered identical. 63.Tp Fl n 64The 65.Fl n 66flag suppresses line numbers. 67The default (to use line numbers) may cause 68.Nm more 69to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file. 70Suppressing line numbers with the 71.Fl n 72flag will avoid this problem. 73Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the 74.Cm = 75command, and the 76.Cm v 77command will pass the current line number to the editor. 78.Tp Fl s 79The 80.Fl s 81option causes 82consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line. 83.Tp Fl t 84The 85.Fl t 86option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file 87containing that tag. For more information, see the 88.Xr ctags 1 89command. 90.Tp Fl u 91By default, 92.Nm more 93treats backspaces and CR-LF sequences specially. Backspaces which appear 94adjacent to an underscore character are displayed as underlined text. 95Backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed 96as emboldened text. CR-LF sequences are compressed to a single linefeed 97character. The 98.Fl u 99option causes backspaces to always be displayed as 100control characters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and CR-LF 101to be left alone. 102.Tp Fl x 103The 104.Fl x 105option sets tab stops every 106.Ar N 107positions. The default for 108.Ar N 109is 8. 110.Tp Fl \&/ 111The 112.Fl \&/ 113option specifies a string that will be searched for before 114each file is displayed. 115.Sh COMMANDS 116Interactive commands for 117.Nm more 118are based on 119.Xr vi 1 . 120Some commands may be preceeded by a decimal number, called N in the 121descriptions below. 122In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X. 123.Pp 124.Tw Ic 125.Tp Ic h 126help: display a summary of these commands. 127If you forget all the other commands, remember this one. 128.Tp Cx Ic SPACE 129.Ws 130.Cx or 131.Ws 132.Ic f 133.Ws 134.Cx or 135.Ws 136.Ic \&^F 137.Cx 138Scroll forward N lines, default one window. 139If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 140.Tp Cx Ic b 141.Ws 142.Cx or 143.Ws 144.Ic \&^B 145.Cx 146Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below). 147If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 148.Tp Cx Ic j 149.Ws 150.Cx or 151.Ws 152.Ic RETURN 153.Cx 154Scroll forward N lines, default 1. 155The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 156.Tp Ic k 157Scroll backward N lines, default 1. 158The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 159.Tp Cx Ic d 160.Ws 161.Cx or 162.Ws 163.Ic \&^D 164.Cx 165Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 166If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 167subsequent d and u commands. 168.Tp Cx Ic u 169.Ws 170.Cx or 171.Ws 172.Ic \&^U 173.Cx 174Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 175If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 176subsequent d and u commands. 177.Tp Ic g 178Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file). 179.Tp Ic G 180Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. 181.Tp Cx Ic p 182.Ws 183.Cx or 184.Ws 185.Ic \&% 186.Cx 187Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0 188and 100. (This works if standard input is being read, but only if 189.Nm more 190has already read to the end of the file. It is always fast, but 191not always useful.) 192.Tp Cx Ic r 193.Ws 194.Cx or 195.Ws 196.Ic \&^L 197.Cx 198Repaint the screen. 199.Tp Ic R 200Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. 201Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed. 202.Tp Ic m 203Followed by any lowercase letter, 204marks the current position with that letter. 205.Tp Ic \&\' 206(Single quote.) 207Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which 208was previously marked with that letter. 209Followed by another single quote, returns to the postion at 210which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the 211beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred. 212All marks are lost when a new file is examined. 213.Tp Cx Ic \&/ 214.Ar pattern 215.Cx 216Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 217N defaults to 1. 218The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by 219.Xr ed . 220The search starts at the second line displayed. 221.Tp Cx Ic \&\? 222.Ar pattern 223.Cx 224Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 225The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed. 226.Tp Cx Ic \&/\&! 227.Ar pattern 228.Cx 229Like /, but the search is for the N-th line 230which does NOT contain the pattern. 231.Tp Cx Ic \&?\&! 232.Ar pattern 233.Cx 234Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line 235which does NOT contain the pattern. 236.Tp Ic n 237Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern 238(or NOT containing the last pattern, if the previous search 239was /! or ?!). 240.Tp Cx Ic E 241.Ws 242.Op Ar filename 243.Cx 244Examine a new file. 245If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the N and P commands 246below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined. 247If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is 248re-examined. 249.Tp Cx Ic N 250.Ws 251.Cx or 252.Ws 253.Ic \&:n 254.Cx 255Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line). 256If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N), 257the N-th next file is examined. 258.Tp Cx Ic P 259.Ws 260.Cx or 261.Ws 262.Ic \&:p 263.Cx 264Examine the previous file. 265If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined. 266.Tp Ic \&:t 267Go to supplied tag. 268.Tp Ic v 269Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. 270The editor is taken from the environment variable 271.Ev EDITOR , 272or defaults to 273.Xr vi 1 . 274.Tp Cx Ic \&= 275.Ws 276.Cx or 277.Ws 278.Ic \&^G 279.Cx 280These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed 281relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current 282line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and 283what percentage of the file has been displayed. If 284.Nm more 285is reading from stdin, or the file is shorter than a single screen, some 286of these items may not be available. Note, all of these items reference 287the first byte of the last line displayed on the screen. 288.Tp Cx Ic q 289.Ws 290.Cx or 291.Ws 292.Ic \&:q 293.Ws 294.Cx or 295.Ws 296.Ic ZZ 297.Cx 298Exits 299.Nm more . 300.Tp 301.Sh ENVIRONMENT 302.Nm More 303utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist: 304.Tw Fl 305.Tp Ev MORE 306This variable may be set with favored options to 307.Nm more . 308.Tp Ev EDITOR 309Specify default editor. 310.Tp Ev SHELL 311Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time). 312.Tp Ev TERM 313Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal 314characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen. 315.Tp 316.Sh SEE ALSO 317.Xr ctags 1 , 318.Xr vi 1 319.Sh AUTHOR 320This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley 321by Mark Nudleman. 322.Sh HISTORY 323.Nm more 324appeared in 3 BSD. 325