1.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" %sccs.include.redist.roff% 6.\" 7.\" @(#)more.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 04/18/94 8.\" 9.Dd 10.Dt MORE 1 11.Os 12.Sh NAME 13.Nm more 14.Nd file perusal filter for crt viewing 15.Sh SYNOPSIS 16.Nm more 17.Op Fl ceinus 18.Op Fl t Ar tag 19.Op Fl x Ar tabs 20.Op Fl / Ar pattern 21.Op Fl # 22.Op Ar 23.Sh DESCRIPTION 24.Nm More 25is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. It 26uses 27.Xr termcap 3 28so it can run on a variety of terminals. There is even limited support 29for hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be 30printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with an up-arrow.) 31.Ar File 32may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin. 33.Sh OPTIONS 34Command line options are described below. 35Options are also taken from the environment variable 36.Ev MORE 37(make sure to precede them with a dash (``-'')) but command 38line options will override them. 39.Bl -tag -width flag 40.It Fl c 41Normally, 42.Nm more 43will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom of the screen. 44If the 45.Fl c 46option is set, when 47.Nm more 48needs to change the entire display, it will paint from the top line down. 49.It Fl e 50Normally, if displaying a single file, 51.Nm more 52exits as soon as it reaches end-of-file. The 53.Fl e 54option tells more to 55exit if it reaches end-of-file twice without an intervening operation. 56If the file is shorter than a single screen 57.Nm more 58will exit at end-of-file regardless. 59.It Fl i 60The 61.Fl i 62option causes searches to ignore case; that is, 63uppercase and lowercase are considered identical. 64.It Fl n 65The 66.Fl n 67flag suppresses line numbers. 68The default (to use line numbers) may cause 69.Nm more 70to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file. 71Suppressing line numbers with the 72.Fl n 73flag will avoid this problem. 74Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the 75.Cm = 76command, and the 77.Cm v 78command will pass the current line number to the editor. 79.It Fl s 80The 81.Fl s 82option causes 83consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line. 84.It Fl t 85The 86.Fl t 87option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file 88containing that tag. For more information, see the 89.Xr ctags 1 90command. 91.It Fl u 92By default, 93.Nm more 94treats backspaces and 95.Dv CR-LF 96sequences specially. Backspaces which appear 97adjacent to an underscore character are displayed as underlined text. 98Backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed 99as emboldened text. 100.Dv CR-LF 101sequences are compressed to a single linefeed 102character. The 103.Fl u 104option causes backspaces to always be displayed as 105control characters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and 106.Dv CR-LF 107to be left alone. 108.It Fl x 109The 110.Fl x 111option sets tab stops every 112.Ar N 113positions. The default for 114.Ar N 115is 8. 116.It Fl / 117The 118.Fl / 119option specifies a string that will be searched for before 120each file is displayed. 121.Sh COMMANDS 122Interactive commands for 123.Nm more 124are based on 125.Xr vi 1 . 126Some commands may be preceded by a decimal number, called N in the 127descriptions below. 128In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X. 129.Pp 130.Bl -tag -width Ic 131.It Ic h 132Help: display a summary of these commands. 133If you forget all the other commands, remember this one. 134.It Xo 135.Ic SPACE 136.No or 137.Ic f 138.No or 139.Ic \&^F 140.Xc 141Scroll forward N lines, default one window. 142If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 143.It Ic b No or Ic \&^B 144Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below). 145If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 146.It Ic j No or Ic RETURN 147Scroll forward N lines, default 1. 148The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 149.It Ic k 150Scroll backward N lines, default 1. 151The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 152.It Ic d No or Ic \&^D 153Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 154If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 155subsequent d and u commands. 156.It Ic u No or Ic \&^U 157Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 158If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 159subsequent d and u commands. 160.It Ic g 161Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file). 162.It Ic G 163Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. 164.It Ic p No or Ic \&% 165Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0 166and 100. (This works if standard input is being read, but only if 167.Nm more 168has already read to the end of the file. It is always fast, but 169not always useful.) 170.It Ic r No or Ic \&^L 171Repaint the screen. 172.It Ic R 173Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. 174Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed. 175.It Ic m 176Followed by any lowercase letter, 177marks the current position with that letter. 178.It Ic \&' 179(Single quote.) 180Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which 181was previously marked with that letter. 182Followed by another single quote, returns to the position at 183which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the 184beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred. 185All marks are lost when a new file is examined. 186.It Ic \&/ Ns Ar pattern 187Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 188N defaults to 1. 189The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by 190.Xr ed . 191The search starts at the second line displayed. 192.It Ic \&? Ns Ar pattern 193Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 194The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed. 195.It Ic \&/\&! Ns Ar pattern 196Like /, but the search is for the N-th line 197which does NOT contain the pattern. 198.It Ic \&?\&! Ns Ar pattern 199Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line 200which does NOT contain the pattern. 201.It Ic n 202Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern 203(or 204.Tn NOT 205containing the last pattern, if the previous search 206was /! or ?!). 207.It Ic E Ns Op Ar filename 208Examine a new file. 209If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the N and P commands 210below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined. 211If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is 212re-examined. 213.It Ic N No or Ic \&:n 214Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line). 215If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N), 216the N-th next file is examined. 217.It Ic P No or Ic \&:p 218Examine the previous file. 219If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined. 220.It Ic \&:t 221Go to supplied tag. 222.It Ic v 223Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. 224The editor is taken from the environment variable 225.Ev EDITOR , 226or defaults to 227.Xr vi 1 . 228.It Ic \&= No or Ic \&^G 229These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed 230relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current 231line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and 232what percentage of the file has been displayed. If 233.Nm more 234is reading from stdin, or the file is shorter than a single screen, some 235of these items may not be available. Note, all of these items reference 236the first byte of the last line displayed on the screen. 237.It Xo 238.Ic q 239.No or 240.Ic \&:q 241.No or 242.Ic ZZ 243.Xc 244Exits 245.Nm more . 246.El 247.Sh ENVIRONMENT 248.Nm More 249utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist: 250.Bl -tag -width Fl 251.It Ev MORE 252This variable may be set with favored options to 253.Nm more . 254.It Ev EDITOR 255Specify default editor. 256.It Ev SHELL 257Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time). 258.It Ev TERM 259Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal 260characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen. 261.El 262.Sh SEE ALSO 263.Xr ctags 1 , 264.Xr vi 1 265.Sh AUTHOR 266This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley 267by Mark Nudleman. 268.Sh HISTORY 269The 270.Nm more 271command appeared in 272.Bx 3.0 . 273