1# Copyright (c) 1983, 1995 Eric P. Allman 2# Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California. 3# All rights reserved. 4# 5# %sccs.include.redist.sh% 6# 7# @(#)READ_ME 8.87 (Berkeley) 05/22/95 8# 9 10This directory contains the source files for sendmail. 11 12For detailed instructions, please read the document ../doc/op.me: 13 14 eqn ../doc/op.me | pic | ditroff -me 15 16********************* 17!! DO NOT USE MAKE !! to compile sendmail -- instead, use the 18********************* "makesendmail" script located in the src 19directory. It will find an appropriate Makefile, and create an 20appropriate obj.* subdirectory so that multiplatform support 21works easily. 22 23The Makefile is for the new (4.4BSD) Berkeley make and uses syntax 24that is not recognized by older makes. It also has assumptions 25about the 4.4 file system layout built in. See below for details 26about other Makefiles. 27 28If you are porting to a new architecture for which there is no existing 29Makefile, you might start with Makefile.dist. This works on the old 30traditional make, but isn't customized for any particular architecture. 31 32 ************************************************** 33 ** Read below for more details of Makefiles. ** 34 ************************************************** 35 36************************************************************************** 37** IMPORTANT: DO NOT USE OPTIMIZATION (``-O'') IF YOU ARE RUNNING ** 38** GCC 2.4.x or 2.5.x. THERE IS A BUG IN THE GCC OPTIMIZER THAT ** 39** CAUSES SENDMAIL COMPILES TO FAIL MISERABLY. ** 40************************************************************************** 41 42Jim Wilson of Cygnus believes he has found the problem -- it will 43probably be fixed in GCC 2.5.6 -- but until this is verified, be 44very suspicious of gcc -O. 45 46This problem is reported to have been fixed in gcc 2.6. 47 48************************************************************************** 49** IMPORTANT: Read the appropriate paragraphs in the section on ** 50** ``Operating System and Compile Quirks''. ** 51************************************************************************** 52 53 54+-----------+ 55| MAKEFILES | 56+-----------+ 57 58By far, the easiest way to compile sendmail is to use the "makesendmail" 59script: 60 61 sh makesendmail 62 63This uses the "uname" command to figure out what architecture you are 64on and selects a proper Makefile accordingly. It also creates a 65subdirectory per object format, so that multiarchitecture support is 66easy. In general this should be all you need. However, if for some 67reason this doesn't work (e.g., NeXT systems don't have the "uname" 68command) you may have to set up your compile environment by hand. 69 70The "Makefile"s in these directories are from 4.4 BSD, and hence 71really only work properly if you are on a 4.4 system. In particular, 72they use new syntax that will not be recognized on old make programs, 73and some of them do things like ``.include ../../Makefile.inc'' to 74pick up some system defines. If you are getting sendmail separately, 75these files won't be included in the distribution, as they are 76outside of the sendmail tree. 77 78Instead, you should use one of the other Makefiles, such as 79Makefile.SunOS for a SunOS system, and so forth. These should 80work with the version of make that is appropriate for that 81system. All other Makefiles are in the "src/Makefiles" subdirectory. 82They use the version of make that is native for that system. These 83are the Makefiles that I use, and they have "Berkeley quirks" in them. 84I can't guarantee that they will work unmodified in your environment. 85In particular, Many of them include -I/usr/sww/include/db and 86-L/usr/sww/lib -- these are Berkeley's locations in the ``Software 87Warehouse'' for the new database libraries, described below. You don't 88have to remove these definitions if you don't have these directories, 89but you may have to remove -DNEWDB from the DBMDEF definition. 90 91Please look for an appropriate Makefile before you start trying to 92compile with Makefile or Makefile.dist. 93 94If you want to port the new Berkeley make, you can get it from 95ftp.uu.net in the directory /systems/unix/bsd-sources/usr.bin/make. 96Diffs and instructions for building this version of make under 97SunOS 4.1.x are available on ftp.css.itd.umich.edu in 98/pub/systems/sun/Net2-make.sun4.diff.Z. Diffs and instructions 99for building this version of make under IBM AIX 3.2.4 are available 100on ftp.uni-stuttgart.de in /sw/src/patches/bsd-make-rus-patches. 101For Ultrix, try ftp.vix.com:~ftp/pub/patches/pmake-for-ultrix.Z. 102Paul Southworth <pauls@umich.edu> published a description of porting 103this make in comp.unix.bsd. 104 105The complete text of the Makefile.inc that is in the parent of the 106sendmail directory is: 107 108 # @(#)Makefile.inc 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 109 110 BINDIR?= /usr/sbin 111 112 113+----------------------+ 114| DATABASE DEFINITIONS | 115+----------------------+ 116 117There are several database formats that can be used for the alias files 118and for general maps. When used for alias files they interact in an 119attempt to be back compatible. 120 121The three options are NEWDB (the new Berkeley DB package), NDBM (the 122older DBM implementation -- the very old V7 implementation is no 123longer supported), and NIS (Network Information Services). Used alone 124these just include the support they indicate. [If you are using NEWDB, 125get the latest version from FTP.CS.Berkeley.EDU in /ucb/4bsd/db.tar.Z 126(or db.tar.gz). DO NOT use the version from the Net2 distribution! 127However, if you are on BSD/386 or 386BSD-based systems, use the one 128that already exists on your system. You may need to #define OLD_NEWDB 1291 to do this.] 130 131[NOTE WELL: it is CRITICAL that you remove ndbm.o from libdb.a and 132ndbm.h from the appropriate include directories if you want to get 133ndbm support. These files OVERRIDE calls to ndbm routines -- in 134particular, if you leave ndbm.h in, you can find yourself using 135the new db package even if you don't define NEWDB.] 136 137If NEWDB and NDBM are defined (but not NIS), then sendmail will read 138NDBM format alias files, but the next time a newaliases is run the 139format will be converted to NEWDB; that format will be used forever 140more. This is intended as a transition feature. [Note however that 141the NEWDB library also catches and maps NDBM calls; you will have to 142back out this feature to get this to work. See ``Quirks'' section 143below for details.] 144 145If all three are defined, sendmail operates as described above, and also 146looks for the file /var/yp/Makefile. If it exists, newaliases will 147build BOTH the NEWDB and NDBM format alias files. However, it will 148only use the NEWDB file; the NDBM format file is used only by the 149NIS subsystem. 150 151If NDBM and NIS are defined (regardless of the definition of NEWDB 152or the existance of /var/yp/Makefile), sendmail adds the special 153tokens "YP_LAST_MODIFIED" and "YP_MASTER_NAME", both of which are 154required if the NDBM file is to be used as an NIS map. 155 156There is also preliminary support for NIS+ (-DNISPLUS), Hesiod 157(-DHESIOD), and NetInfo (-DNETINFO). These have not been well 158tested. 159 160All of -DNEWDB, -DNDBM, -DNIS, -DNISPLUS, -DHESIOD, and -DNETINFO are 161normally defined in the DBMDEF line in the Makefile. 162 163 164+---------------+ 165| COMPILE FLAGS | 166+---------------+ 167 168Whereever possible, I try to make sendmail pull in the correct 169compilation options needed to compile on various environments based on 170automatically defined symbols. Some machines don't seem to have useful 171symbols availble, requiring the following compilation flags in the 172Makefile: 173 174SOLARIS Define this if you are running Solaris 2.0 or higher. 175SOLARIS_2_3 Define this if you are running Solaris 2.3 or higher. 176SUNOS403 Define this if you are running SunOS 4.0.3. 177NeXT Define this if you are on a NeXT box. (This one may 178 be pre-defined for you.) There are other hacks you 179 have to make -- see below. 180_AIX3 Define this if you are IBM AIX 3.x. 181RISCOS Define this if you are running RISC/os from MIPS. 182IRIX Define this if you are running IRIX from SGI. 183_SCO_unix_ Define this if you are on SCO UNIX. 184_SCO_unix_4_2 Define this if you are on SCO Open Server 3.2v4. 185DGUX Define this if you are on DG/UX 5.4.3 or later 186DGUX_5_4_2 Define this if you are on DG/UX systems prior to 5.4.3. 187NonStop_UX_BXX Define this if you are on a Tandem NonStop-UX release 188 Bxx system. 189IRIX64 Define this if you are on an IRIX64 system. 190 191If you are a system that sendmail has already been ported to, you 192probably won't have to touch these. But if you are porting, you may 193have to tweak the following compilation flags in conf.h in order to 194get it to compile and link properly: 195 196SYSTEM5 Adjust for System V (not necessarily Release 4). 197SYS5SIGNALS Use System V signal semantics -- the signal handler 198 is automatically dropped when the signal is caught. 199 If this is not set, use POSIX/BSD semantics, where the 200 signal handler stays in force until an exec or an 201 explicit delete. Implied by SYSTEM5. 202SYS5SETPGRP Use System V setpgrp() semantics. Implied by SYSTEM5. 203HASFLOCK Set this if you prefer to use the flock(2) system call 204 rather than using fcntl-based locking. Fcntl locking 205 has some semantic gotchas, but many vendor systems 206 also interface it to lockd(8) to do NFS-style locking. 207 For this reason, this should not be set unless you 208 don't have an alternative. 209HASUNAME Set if you have the "uname" system call. Implied by 210 SYSTEM5. 211HASUNSETENV Define this if your system library has the "unsetenv" 212 subroutine. 213HASSETSID Define this if you have the setsid(2) system call. This 214 is implied if your system appears to be POSIX compliant. 215HASINITGROUPS Define this if you have the initgroups(3) routine. 216HASSETVBUF Define this if you have the setvbuf(3) library call. 217 If you don't, setlinebuf will be used instead. This 218 defaults on if your compiler defines __STDC__. 219HASSETREUID Define this if you have setreuid(2) ***AND*** root can 220 use setreuid to change to an arbitrary user. This second 221 condition is not satisfied on AIX 3.x. You may find that 222 your system has setresuid(2), (for example, on HP-UX) in 223 which case you will also have to #define setreuid(r, e) 224 to be the appropriate call. Some systems (such as Solaris) 225 have a compatibility routine that doesn't work properly, 226 but may have "saved user ids" properly implemented so you 227 can ``#define setreuid(r, e) seteuid(e)'' and have it work. 228 The important thing is that you have a call that will set 229 the effective uid independently of the real or saved uid 230 and be able to set the effective uid back again when done. 231 There's a test program in ../test/t_setreuid.c that will 232 try things on your system. Setting this improves the 233 security, since sendmail doesn't have to read .forward 234 and :include: files as root. There are certain attacks 235 that may be unpreventable without this call. 236HASLSTAT Define this if you have symbolic links (and thus the 237 lstat(2) system call). This improves security. Unlike 238 most other options, this one is on by default, so you 239 need to #undef it in conf.h if you don't have symbolic 240 links (these days everyone does). 241HASSETRLIMIT Define this to 1 if you have the setrlimit(2) syscall. 242 You can define it to 0 to force it off. It is assumed 243 if you are running a BSD-like system. 244HASULIMIT Define this if you have the ulimit(2) syscall (System V 245 style systems). HASSETRLIMIT overrides, as it is more 246 general. 247NEEDGETOPT Define this if you need a reimplementation of getopt(3). 248 On some systems, getopt does very odd things if called 249 to scan the arguments twice. This flag will ask sendmail 250 to compile in a local version of getopt that works 251 properly. 252NEEDSTRTOL Define this if your standard C library does not define 253 strtol(3). This will compile in a local version. 254NEEDVPRINTF Define this if your standard C library does not define 255 vprintf(3). Note that the resulting fake implementation 256 is not very elegant and may not even work on some 257 architectures. 258NEEDFSYNC Define this if your standard C library does not define 259 fsync(2). This will try to simulate the operation using 260 fcntl(2); if that is not available it does nothing, which 261 isn't great, but at least it compiles and runs. 262HASGETUSERSHELL Define this to 1 if you have getusershell(3) in your 263 standard C library. If this is not defined, or is defined 264 to be 0, sendmail will scan the /etc/shells file (no 265 NIS-style support, defaults to /bin/sh and /bin/csh if 266 that file does not exist) to get a list of unrestricted 267 user shells. This is used to determine whether users 268 are allowed to forward their mail to a program or a file. 269GIDSET_T The type of entries in a gidset passed as the second 270 argument to getgroups(2). Historically this has been an 271 int, so this is the default, but some systems (such as 272 IRIX) pass it as a gid_t, which is an unsigned short. 273 This will make a difference, so it is important to get 274 this right! However, it is only an issue if you have 275 group sets. 276SLEEP_T The type returned by the system sleep() function. 277 Defaults to "unsigned int". Don't worry about this 278 if you don't have compilation problems. 279ARBPTR_T The type of an arbitrary pointer -- defaults to "void *". 280 If you are an very old compiler you may need to define 281 this to be "char *". 282LA_TYPE The type of load average your kernel supports. These 283 can be one of: 284 LA_ZERO (1) -- it always returns the load average as 285 "zero" (and does so on all architectures). 286 LA_INT (2) to read /dev/kmem for the symbol avenrun and 287 interpret as a long integer. 288 LA_FLOAT (3) same, but interpret the result as a floating 289 point number. 290 LA_SHORT (6) to interpret as a short integer. 291 LA_SUBR (4) if you have the getloadavg(3) routine in your 292 system library. 293 LA_MACH (5) to use MACH-style load averages (calls 294 processor_set_info()), 295 LA_PROCSTR (7) to read /proc/loadavg and interpret it 296 as a string representing a floating-point 297 number (Linux-style). 298 LA_READKSYM (8) is an implementation suitable for some 299 versions of SVr4 that uses the MIOC_READKSYM ioctl 300 call to read /dev/kmem. 301 LA_DGUX (9) is a special implementation for DG/UX that uses 302 the dg_sys_info system call. 303 LA_HPUX (10) is an HP-UX specific version that uses the 304 pstat_getdynamic system call. 305 LA_INT, LA_SHORT, LA_FLOAT, and LA_READKSYM have several 306 other parameters that they try to divine: the name of your 307 kernel, the name of the variable in the kernel to examine, 308 the number of bits of precision in a fixed point load average, 309 and so forth. 310 In desperation, use LA_ZERO. The actual code is in 311 conf.c -- it can be tweaked if you are brave. 312FSHIFT For LA_INT, LA_SHORT, and LA_READKSYM, this is the number 313 of bits of load average after the binary point -- i.e., 314 the number of bits to shift right in order to scale the 315 integer to get the true integer load average. Defaults to 8. 316_PATH_UNIX The path to your kernel. Needed only for LA_INT, LA_SHORT, 317 and LA_FLOAT. Defaults to "/unix" on System V, "/vmunix" 318 everywhere else. 319LA_AVENRUN For LA_INT, LA_SHORT, and LA_FLOAT, the name of the kernel 320 variable that holds the load average. Defaults to "avenrun" 321 on System V, "_avenrun" everywhere else. 322SFS_TYPE Encodes how your kernel can locate the amount of free 323 space on a disk partition. This can be set to SFS_NONE 324 (0) if you have no way of getting this information, 325 SFS_USTAT (1) if you have the ustat(2) system call, 326 SFS_4ARGS (2) if you have a four-argument statfs(2) 327 system call (and the include file is <sys/statfs.h>), 328 SFS_VFS (3), SFS_MOUNT (4), SFS_STATFS (5) if you have 329 the two-argument statfs(2) system call with includes in 330 <sys/vfs.h>, <sys/mount.h>, or <sys/statfs.h> respectively, 331 or SFS_STATVFS (6) if you have the two-argument statvfs(2) 332 call. The default if nothing is defined is SFS_NONE. 333SFS_BAVAIL with SFS_4ARGS hou can also set SFS_BAVAIL to the field name 334 in the statfs structure that holds the useful information; 335 this defaults to f_bavail. 336SPT_TYPE Encodes how your system can display what a process is doing 337 on a ps(1) command (SPT stands for Set Process Title). Can 338 be set to: 339 SPT_NONE (0) -- Don't try to set the process title at all. 340 SPT_REUSEARGV (1) -- Pad out your argv with the information; 341 this is the default if none specified. 342 SPT_BUILTIN (2) -- The system library has setproctitle. 343 SPT_PSTAT (3) -- Use the PSTAT_SETCMD option to pstat(2) 344 to set the process title; this is used by HP-UX. 345 SPT_PSSTRINGS (4) -- Use the magic PS_STRINGS pointer (4.4BSD). 346SPT_PADCHAR Character used to pad the process title; if undefined, 347 the space character (0x20) is used. This is ignored if 348 SPT_TYPE != SPT_REUSEARGV 349ERRLIST_PREDEFINED 350 If set, assumes that some header file defines sys_errlist. 351 This may be needed if you get type conflicts on this 352 variable -- otherwise don't worry about it. 353WAITUNION The wait(2) routine takes a "union wait" argument instead 354 of an integer argument. This is for compatibility with 355 old versions of BSD. 356SCANF You can set this to extend the F command to accept a 357 scanf string -- this gives you a primitive parser for 358 class definitions -- BUT it can make you vulnerable to 359 core dumps if the target file is poorly formed. 360SYSLOG_BUFSIZE You can define this to be the size of the buffer that 361 syslog accepts. If it is not defined, it assumes a 362 1024-byte buffer. If the buffer is very small (under 363 256 bytes) the log message format changes -- each 364 e-mail message will log many more messages, since it 365 will log each piece of information as a separate line 366 in syslog. 367BROKEN_RES_SEARCH 368 On Ultrix (and maybe other systems?) if you use the 369 res_search routine with an unknown host name, it returns 370 -1 but sets h_errno to 0 instead of HOST_NOT_FOUND. If 371 you set this, sendmail considers 0 to be the same as 372 HOST_NOT_FOUND. 373NAMELISTMASK If defined, values returned by nlist(3) are masked 374 against this value before use -- a common value is 375 0x7fffffff to strip off the top bit. 376BSD4_4_SOCKADDR If defined, socket addresses have an sa_len field that 377 defines the length of this address. 378 379 380 381+-----------------------+ 382| COMPILE-TIME FEATURES | 383+-----------------------+ 384 385There are a bunch of features that you can decide to compile in, such 386as selecting various database packages and special protocol support. 387Several are assumed based on other compilation flags -- if you want to 388"un-assume" something, you probably need to edit conf.h. Compilation 389flags that add support for special features include: 390 391NDBM Include support for "new" DBM library for aliases and maps. 392 Normally defined in the Makefile. 393NEWDB Include support for Berkeley "db" package (hash & btree) 394 for aliases and maps. Normally defined in the Makefile. 395OLD_NEWDB If non-zero, the version of NEWDB you have is the old 396 one that does not include the "fd" call. This call was 397 added in version 1.5 of the Berkeley DB code. If you 398 use -DOLD_NEWDB=0 it forces you to use the new interface. 399NIS Define this to get NIS (YP) support for aliases and maps. 400 Normally defined in the Makefile. 401NISPLUS Define this to get NIS+ support for aliases and maps. 402 Normally defined in the Makefile. 403HESIOD Define this to get Hesiod support for aliases and maps. 404 Normally defined in the Makefile. 405NETINFO Define this to get NeXT NetInfo support for aliases and maps. 406 Normally defined in the Makefile. 407USERDB Include support for the User Information Database. Implied 408 by NEWDB in conf.h. 409IDENTPROTO Define this as 1 to get IDENT (RFC 1413) protocol support. 410 This is assumed unless you are running on Ultrix or 411 HP-UX, both of which have a problem in the UDP 412 implementation. You can define it to be 0 to explicitly 413 turn off IDENT protocol support. If defined off, the code 414 is actually still compiled in, but it defaults off; you 415 can turn it on by setting the IDENT timeout to 30s in the 416 configuration file. 417IP_SRCROUTE Define this to 1 to get IP source routing information 418 displayed in the Received: header. This is assumed on 419 most systems, but some (e.g., Ultrix) apparently have a 420 broken version of getsockopt that doesn't properly 421 support the IP_OPTIONS call. You probably want this if 422 your OS can cope with it. 423LOG Set this to get syslog(3) support. Defined by default 424 in conf.h. You want this if at all possible. 425NETINET Set this to get TCP/IP support. Defined by default 426 in conf.h. You probably want this. 427NETISO Define this to get ISO networking support. 428SMTP Define this to get the SMTP code. Implied by NETINET 429 or NETISO. 430NAMED_BIND If non-zero, include DNS (name daemon) support, including 431 MX support. The specs you must use this if you run 432 SMTP. Defined by default in conf.h. 433QUEUE Define this to get queueing code. Implied by NETINET 434 or NETISO; required by SMTP. This gives you other good 435 stuff -- it should be on. 436DAEMON Define this to get general network support. Implied by 437 NETINET or NETISO. Defined by default in conf.h. You 438 almost certainly want it on. 439MATCHGECOS Permit fuzzy matching of user names against the full 440 name (GECOS) field in the /etc/passwd file. This should 441 probably be on, since you can disable it from the config 442 file if you want to. Defined by default in conf.h. 443MIME8TO7 If non-zero, include 8 to 7 bit MIME conversions. This 444 also controls advertisement of 8BITMIME in the ESMTP 445 startup dialogue. 446MIME7TO8 If non-zero, include 7 to 8 bit MIME conversions. Not yet 447 implemented. 448 449 450+---------------------+ 451| DNS/RESOLVER ISSUES | 452+---------------------+ 453 454Many systems have old versions of the resolver library. At a minimum, 455you should be running BIND 4.8.3; older versions may compile, but they 456have known bugs that should give you pause. 457 458Common problems in old versions include "undefined" errors for 459dn_skipname. 460 461Some people have had a problem with BIND 4.9; it uses some routines 462that it expects to be externally defined such as strerror(). It may 463help to link with "-l44bsd" to solve this problem. 464 465!PLEASE! be sure to link with the same version of the resolver as 466the header files you used -- some people have used the 4.9 headers 467and linked with BIND 4.8 or vice versa, and it doesn't work. 468Unfortunately, it doesn't fail in an obvious way -- things just 469subtly don't work. 470 471 472+-------------------------------------+ 473| OPERATING SYSTEM AND COMPILE QUIRKS | 474+-------------------------------------+ 475 476GCC 2.5.x problems *** IMPORTANT *** 477 Date: Mon, 29 Nov 93 19:08:44 PST 478 From: wilson@cygnus.com (Jim Wilson) 479 Message-Id: <9311300308.AA04608@cygnus.com> 480 To: kenner@vlsi1.ultra.nyu.edu 481 Subject: [cattelan@thebarn.com: gcc 2.5.4-2.5.5 -O bug] 482 Cc: cattelan@thebarn.com, rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu, sendmail@cs.berkeley.edu 483 484 This fixes a problem that occurs when gcc 2.5.5 is used to compile 485 sendmail 8.6.4 with optimization on a sparc. 486 487 Mon Nov 29 19:00:14 1993 Jim Wilson (wilson@sphagnum.cygnus.com) 488 489 * reload.c (find_reloads_toplev): Replace obsolete reference to 490 BYTE_LOADS_*_EXTEND with LOAD_EXTEND_OP. 491 492 *** clean-ss-931128/reload.c Sun Nov 14 16:20:01 1993 493 --- ss-931128/reload.c Mon Nov 29 18:52:55 1993 494 *************** find_reloads_toplev (x, opnum, type, ind 495 *** 3888,3894 **** 496 force a reload in that case. So we should not do anything here. */ 497 498 else if (regno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER 499 ! #if defined(BYTE_LOADS_ZERO_EXTEND) || defined(BYTE_LOADS_SIGN_EXTEND) 500 && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) 501 <= GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)))) 502 #endif 503 --- 3888,3894 ---- 504 force a reload in that case. So we should not do anything here. */ 505 506 else if (regno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER 507 ! #ifdef LOAD_EXTEND_OP 508 && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) 509 <= GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)))) 510 #endif 511 512 513SunOS 4.x (Solaris 1.x) 514 You may have to use -lresolv on SunOS. However, beware that 515 this links in a new version of gethostbyname that does not 516 understand NIS, so you must have all of your hosts in DNS. 517 518 Some people have reported problems with the SunOS version of 519 -lresolv and/or in.named, and suggest that you get a newer 520 version. The symptoms are delays when you connect to the 521 SMTP server on a SunOS machine or having your domain added to 522 addresses inappropriately. There is a version of BIND 523 version 4.9 on gatekeeper.DEC.COM in pub/BSD/bind/4.9. 524 525 There is substantial disagreement about whether you can make 526 this work with resolv+, which allows you to specify a search-path 527 of services. Some people report that it works fine, others 528 claim it doesn't work at all (including causing sendmail to 529 drop core when it tries to do multiple resolv+ lookups for a 530 single job). I haven't tried resolv+, as we use DNS exclusively. 531 532 Should you want to try resolv+, it is on ftp.uu.net in 533 /networking/ip/dns. 534 535 Apparently getservbyname() can fail under moderate to high 536 load under some circumstances. This will exhibit itself as 537 the message ``554 makeconnection: service "smtp" unknown''. 538 The problem has been traced to one or more blank lines in 539 /etc/services on the NIS server machine. Delete these 540 and it should work. This info is thanks to Brian Bartholomew 541 <bb@math.ufl.edu> of I-Kinetics, Inc. 542 543Solaris 2.x (SunOS 5.x) 544 To compile for Solaris, be sure you use -DSOLARIS. 545 546 To the best of my knowledge, Solaris does not have the 547 gethostbyname problem described above. However, it does 548 have another one: 549 550 From a correspondent: 551 552 For solaris 2.2, I have 553 554 hosts: files dns 555 556 in /etc/nsswitch.conf and /etc/hosts has to have the fully 557 qualified host name. I think "files" has to be before "dns" 558 in /etc/nsswitch.conf during bootup. 559 560 From another correspondent: 561 562 When running sendmail under Solaris, the gethostbyname() 563 hack in conf.c which should perform proper canonicalization 564 of host names could fail. Result: the host name is not 565 canonicalized despite the hack, and you'll have to define $j 566 and $m in sendmail.cf somewhere. 567 568 The reason could be that /etc/nsswitch.conf is improperly 569 configured (at least from sendmail's point of view). For 570 example, the line 571 572 hosts: files nisplus dns 573 574 will make gethostbyname() look in /etc/hosts first, then ask 575 nisplus, then dns. However, if /etc/hosts does not contain 576 the full canonicalized hostname, then no amount of 577 gethostbyname()s will work. 578 579 Solution (or rather, a workaround): Ask nisplus first, then 580 dns, then local files: 581 582 hosts: nisplus dns [NOTFOUND=return] files 583 584 The Solaris "syslog" function is apparently limited to something 585 about 90 characters because of a kernel limitation. If you have 586 source code, you can probably up this number. You can get patches 587 that fix this problem: the patch ids are: 588 589 Solaris 2.1 100834 590 Solaris 2.2 100999 591 Solaris 2.3 101318 592 593 Be sure you have the appropriate patch installed or you won't 594 see system logging. 595 596Ultrix 597 By default, the IDENT protocol is turned off on Ultrix. If you 598 are running Ultrix 4.4 or later, or if you have gotten a patch 599 the TCP problem for an earlier version of Ultrix, you can turn 600 IDENT on in the configuration file by setting the "ident" timeout 601 to 30 seconds. 602 603OSF/1 604 If you are compiling on OSF/1 (DEC Alpha), you must use 605 -L/usr/shlib (otherwise it core dumps on startup). You may also 606 need -mld to get the nlist() function, although some versions 607 apparently don't need this. 608 609 Also, the enclosed makefile removed /usr/sbin/smtpd; if you need 610 it, just create the link to the sendmail binary. 611 612IRIX 613 The header files on SGI IRIX are completely prototyped, and as 614 a result you can sometimes get some warning messages during 615 compilation. These can be ignored. There are two errors in 616 deliver only if you are using gcc, both of the form ``warning: 617 passing arg N of `execve' from incompatible pointer type''. 618 Also, if you compile with -DNIS, you will get a complaint 619 about a declaration of struct dom_binding in a prototype 620 when compiling map.c; this is not important because the 621 function being prototyped is not used in that file. 622 623 In order to compile sendmail you will have had to install 624 the developers' option in order to get the necessary include 625 files. 626 627NeXT 628 If you are compiling on NeXT, you will have to create an empty 629 file "unistd.h" and create a file "dirent.h" containing: 630 631 #include <sys/dir.h> 632 #define dirent direct 633 634 (The Makefile.NeXT should try to do both of these for you.) 635 636 Apparently, there is a bug in getservbyname on Nextstep 3.0 637 that causes it to fail under some circumstances with the 638 message "SYSERR: service "smtp" unknown" logged. You should 639 be able to work around this by including the line: 640 641 OOPort=25 642 643 in your .cf file. 644 645 You may have to use -DNeXT. 646 647BSDI (BSD/386) 1.0, NetBSD 0.9, FreeBSD 1.0 648 The "m4" from BSDI won't handle the config files properly. 649 I haven't had a chance to test this myself. 650 651 The M4 shipped in FreeBSD and NetBSD 0.9 don't handle the config 652 files properly. One must use either GNU m4 1.1 or the PD-M4 653 recently posted in comp.os.386bsd.bugs (and maybe others). 654 NetBSD-current includes the PD-M4 (as stated in the NetBSD file 655 CHANGES). 656 657 FreeBSD 1.0 RELEASE has uname(2) now. Use -DUSEUNAME in order to 658 use it (look into Makefile.FreeBSD). NetBSD-current may have 659 it too but it has not been verified. 660 661 You cannot port the latest version of the Berkeley db library 662 and use it with sendmail without recompiling the world. This 663 is because C library routines use the older version which have 664 incompatible header files -- the result is that it can't read 665 other system files, such as /etc/passwd, unless you use the 666 new db format throughout your system. You should normally just 667 use the version of db supplied in your release. You may need 668 to use -DOLD_NEWDB=1 to make this work -- this turns off some 669 new interface calls (for file locking) that are not in older 670 versions of db. You'll get compile errors if you need this 671 flag and don't have it set. 672 6734.3BSD 674 If you are running a "virgin" version of 4.3BSD, you'll have 675 a very old resolver and be missing some header files. The 676 header files are simple -- create empty versions and everything 677 will work fine. For the resolver you should really port a new 678 version (4.8.3 or later) of the resolver; 4.9 is available on 679 gatekeeper.DEC.COM in pub/BSD/bind/4.9. If you are really 680 determined to continue to use your old, buggy version (or as 681 a shortcut to get sendmail working -- I'm sure you have the 682 best intentions to port a modern version of BIND), you can 683 copy ../contrib/oldbind.compat.c into src and add 684 oldbind.compat.o to OBJADD in the Makefile. 685 686A/UX 687 Date: Tue, 12 Oct 1993 18:28:28 -0400 (EDT) 688 From: "Eric C. Hagberg" <hagberg@med.cornell.edu> 689 Subject: Fix for A/UX ndbm 690 691 I guess this isn't really a sendmail bug, however, it is something 692 that A/UX users should be aware of when compiling sendmail 8.6. 693 694 Apparently, the calls that sendmail is using to the ndbm routines 695 in A/UX 3.0.x contain calls to "broken" routines, in that the 696 aliases database will break when it gets "just a little big" 697 (sorry I don't have exact numbers here, but it broke somewhere 698 around 20-25 aliases for me.), making all aliases non-functional 699 after exceeding this point. 700 701 What I did was to get the gnu-dbm-1.6 package, compile it, and 702 then re-compile sendmail with "-lgdbm", "-DNDBM", and using the 703 ndbm.h header file that comes with the gnu-package. This makes 704 things behave properly. 705 706 I suppose porting the New Berkeley db package is another route, 707 however, I made a quick attempt at it, and found it difficult 708 (not easy at least); the gnu-dbm package "configured" and 709 compiled easily. 710 711SCO Unix 712 From: Thomas Essebier <tom@stallion.oz.au> 713 Organisation: Stallion Technologies Pty Ltd. 714 715 It will probably help those who are trying to configure sendmail 8.6.9 716 to know that if they are on SCO, they had better set 717 OI-dnsrch 718 or they will core dump as soon as they try to use the resolver. 719 ie. although SCO has _res.dnsrch defined, and is kinda BIND 4.8.3, it 720 does not inititialise it, nor does it understand 'search' in 721 /etc/named.boot. 722 - sigh - 723 724DG/UX 725 Doug Anderson <dlander@afterlife.ncsc.mil> has successfully run 726 V8 on the DG/UX 5.4.2 and 5.4R3.x platforms under heavy usage. 727 Originally, the DG /bin/mail program wasn't compatible with 728 the V8 sendmail, since the DG /bin/mail requires the environment 729 variable "_FORCE_MAIL_LOCAL_=yes" be set. Version 8.7 now includes 730 this in the environment before invoking the local mailer. Some 731 have used procmail to avoid this problem in the past. It works 732 but some have experienced file locking problems with their DG/UX 733 ports of procmail. 734 735Apollo DomainOS 736 If you are compiling on Apollo, you will have to create an empty 737 file "unistd.h" and create a file "dirent.h" containing: 738 739 #include <sys/dir.h> 740 #define dirent direct 741 742 (The Makefile.DomainOS will attempt to do both of these for you.) 743 744HP-UX 8.00 745 Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 13:25:45 +0200 746 From: Kimmo Suominen <Kimmo.Suominen@lut.fi> 747 Subject: 8.6.5 w/ HP-UX 8.00 on s300 748 749 Just compiled and fought with sendmail 8.6.5 on a HP9000/360 (ie. a 750 series 300 machine) running HP-UX 8.00. 751 752 I was getting segmentation fault when delivering to a local user. 753 With debugging I saw it was faulting when doing _free@libc... *sigh* 754 It seems the new implementation of malloc on s300 is buggy as of 8.0, 755 so I tried out the one in -lmalloc (malloc(3X)). With that it seems 756 to work just dandy. 757 758 When linking, you will get the following error: 759 760 ld: multiply defined symbol _freespace in file /usr/lib/libmalloc.a 761 762 but you can just ignore it. You might want to add this info to the 763 README file for the future... 764 765Linux 766 Something broke between versions 0.99.13 and 0.99.14 of Linux: 767 the flock() system call gives errors. If you are running .14, 768 you must not use flock. You can do this with -DHASFLOCK=0. 769 770 Around the inclusion of bind-4.9.3 & linux libc-4.6.20, the 771 initialization of the _res structure changed. If /etc/hosts.conf 772 was configured as "hosts, bind" the resolver code could return 773 "Name server failure" errors. This is supposedly fixed in 774 later versions of libc (>= 4.6.29?), and later versions of 775 sendmail (> 8.6.10) try to work around the problem. 776 777 Some older versions (< 4.6.20?) of the libc/include files conflict 778 with sendmail's version of cdefs.h. Deleting sendmail's version 779 on those systems should be non-harmful, and new versions don't care. 780 781AIX 782 This version of sendmail does not support MB, MG, and MR resource 783 records, which are supported by AIX sendmail. 784 785RISC/os 786 RISC/os from MIPS is a merged AT&T/Berkeley system. When you 787 compile on that platform you will get duplicate definitions 788 on many files. You can ignore these. 789 790System V Release 4 Based Systems 791 There is a single Makefile that is intended for all SVR4-based 792 systems (called Makefile.SVR4). It defines __svr4__, which is 793 predefined by some compilers. If your compiler already defines 794 this compile variable, you can delete the definition from the 795 Makefile. 796 797 It's been tested on Dell Issue 2.2. 798 799DELL SVR4 800 Date: Mon, 06 Dec 1993 10:42:29 EST 801 From: "Kimmo Suominen" <kim@grendel.lut.fi> 802 Message-ID: <2d0352f9.lento29@lento29.UUCP> 803 To: eric@cs.berkeley.edu 804 Cc: sendmail@cs.berkeley.edu 805 Subject: Notes for DELL SVR4 806 807 Eric, 808 809 Here are some notes for compiling Sendmail 8.6.4 on DELL SVR4. I ran 810 across these things when helping out some people who contacted me by 811 e-mail. 812 813 1) Use gcc 2.4.5 (or later?). Dell distributes gcc 2.1 with their 814 Issue 2.2 Unix. It is too old, and gives you problems with 815 clock.c, because sigset_t won't get defined in <sys/signal.h>. 816 This is due to a problematic protection rule in there, and is 817 fixed with gcc 2.4.5. 818 819 2) If you don't use the new Berkeley DB (-DNEWDB), then you need 820 to add "-lc -lucb" to the libraries to link with. This is because 821 the -ldbm distributed by Dell needs the bcopy, bcmp and bzero 822 functions. It is important that you specify both libraries in 823 the given order to be sure you only get the BSTRING functions 824 from the UCB library (and not the signal routines etc.). 825 826 3) Don't leave out "-lelf" even if compiling with "-lc -lucb". 827 The UCB library also has another copy of the nlist routines, 828 but we do want the ones from "-lelf". 829 830 If anyone needs a compiled gcc 2.4.5 and/or a ported DB library, they 831 can use anonymous ftp to fetch them from lut.fi in the /kim directory. 832 They are copies of what I use on grendel.lut.fi, and offering them 833 does not imply that I would also support them. I have sent the DB 834 port for SVR4 back to Keith Bostic for inclusion in the official 835 distribution, but I haven't heard anything from him as of today. 836 837 - gcc-2.4.5-svr4.tar.gz (gcc 2.4.5 and the corresponding libg++) 838 - db-1.72.tar.gz (with source, objects and a installed copy) 839 840 Cheers 841 + Kim 842 -- 843 * Kimmo.Suominen@lut.fi * SysVr4 enthusiast at GRENDEL.LUT.FI * 844 * KIM@FINFILES.BITNET * Postmaster and Hostmaster at LUT.FI * 845 * + 358 200 865 718 * Unix area moderator at NIC.FUNET.FI * 846 847ConvexOS 10.1 and below 848 In order to use the name server, you must create the file 849 /etc/use_nameserver. If this file does not exist, the call 850 to res_init() will fail and you will have absolutely no 851 access to DNS, including MX records. 852 853Amdahl UTS 2.1.5 854 In order to get UTS to work, you will have to port BIND 4.9. 855 The vendor's BIND is reported to be ``totally inadequate.'' 856 See sendmail/contrib/AmdahlUTS.patch for the patches necessary 857 to get BIND 4.9 compiled for UTS. 858 859UnixWare 2.0 860 According to Alexander Kolbasov <sasha@unitech.gamma.ru>, 861 the m4 on UnixWare 2.0 (still in Beta) will core dump on the 862 config files. GNU m4 and the m4 from UnixWare 1.x both work. 863 864Non-DNS based sites 865 This version of sendmail always tries to connect to the Domain 866 Name System (DNS) to resolve names, regardless of the setting 867 of the `I' option. On most systems that are not running DNS, 868 this will fail quickly and sendmail will continue, but on some 869 systems it has a long timeout. If you have this problem, you 870 will have to recompile without NAMED_BIND. Some people have 871 claimed that they have successfully used "OI+USEVC" to force 872 sendmail to use a virtual circuit -- this will always time out 873 quickly, but also tells sendmail that a failed connection 874 should requeue the message (probably not what you intended). 875 A future release of sendmail will correct this problem. 876 877Both NEWDB and NDBM 878 If you use both -DNDBM and -DNEWDB, you must delete the module 879 ndbm.o from libdb.a and delete the file "ndbm.h" from the files 880 that get installed (that is, use the OLD ndbm.h, not the new 881 ndbm.h). This compatibility module maps ndbm calls into DB 882 calls, and breaks things rather badly. 883 884GNU getopt 885 I'm told that GNU getopt has a problem in that it gets confused 886 by the double call. Use the version in conf.c instead. 887 888BIND 4.9.2 and Ultrix 889 If you are running on Ultrix, be sure you read conf/Info.Ultrix 890 in the BIND distribution very carefully -- there is information 891 in there that you need to know in order to avoid errors of the 892 form: 893 894 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): sethostent: multiply defined 895 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): endhostent: multiply defined 896 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): gethostbyname: multiply defined 897 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): gethostbyaddr: multiply defined 898 899 during the link stage. 900 901strtoul 902 Some compilers (notably gcc) claim to be ANSI C but do not 903 include the ANSI-required routine "strtoul". If your compiler 904 has this problem, you will get an error in srvrsmtp.c on the 905 code: 906 907 # ifdef defined(__STDC__) && !defined(BROKEN_ANSI_LIBRARY) 908 e->e_msgsize = strtoul(vp, (char **) NULL, 10); 909 # else 910 e->e_msgsize = strtol(vp, (char **) NULL, 10); 911 # endif 912 913 You can use -DBROKEN_ANSI_LIBRARY to get around this problem. 914 915 916+--------------+ 917| MANUAL PAGES | 918+--------------+ 919 920The manual pages have been written against the -mandoc macros 921instead of the -man macros. The latest version of groff has them 922included. You can also get a copy from FTP.UU.NET in directory 923/systems/unix/bsd-sources/share/tmac. 924 925 926+-----------------+ 927| DEBUGGING HOOKS | 928+-----------------+ 929 930As of 8.6.5, sendmail daemons will catch a SIGUSR1 signal and log 931some debugging output (logged at LOG_DEBUG severity). The 932information dumped is: 933 934 * The value of the $j macro. 935 * A warning if $j is not in the set $=w. 936 * A list of the open file descriptors. 937 * The contents of the connection cache. 938 * If ruleset 89 is defined, it is evaluated and the results printed. 939 940This allows you to get information regarding the runtime state of the 941daemon on the fly. This should not be done too frequently, since 942the process of rewriting may lose memory which will not be recovered. 943Also, ruleset 89 may call non-reentrant routines, so there is a small 944non-zero probability that this will cause other problems. It is 945really only for debugging serious problems. 946 947A typical formulation of ruleset 89 would be: 948 949 R$* $@ $>0 some test address 950 951 952+-----------------------------+ 953| DESCRIPTION OF SOURCE FILES | 954+-----------------------------+ 955 956The following list describes the files in this directory: 957 958Makefile The makefile used here; this version only works with 959 the new Berkeley make. 960Makefile.dist A trimmed down version of the makefile that works with 961 the old make. 962READ_ME This file. 963TRACEFLAGS My own personal list of the trace flags -- not guaranteed 964 to be particularly up to date. 965alias.c Does name aliasing in all forms. 966arpadate.c A subroutine which creates ARPANET standard dates. 967clock.c Routines to implement real-time oriented functions 968 in sendmail -- e.g., timeouts. 969collect.c The routine that actually reads the mail into a temp 970 file. It also does a certain amount of parsing of 971 the header, etc. 972conf.c The configuration file. This contains information 973 that is presumed to be quite static and non- 974 controversial, or code compiled in for efficiency 975 reasons. Most of the configuration is in sendmail.cf. 976conf.h Configuration that must be known everywhere. 977convtime.c A routine to sanely process times. 978daemon.c Routines to implement daemon mode. This version is 979 specifically for Berkeley 4.1 IPC. 980deliver.c Routines to deliver mail. 981domain.c Routines that interface with DNS (the Domain Name 982 System). 983err.c Routines to print error messages. 984envelope.c Routines to manipulate the envelope structure. 985headers.c Routines to process message headers. 986macro.c The macro expander. This is used internally to 987 insert information from the configuration file. 988main.c The main routine to sendmail. This file also 989 contains some miscellaneous routines. 990map.c Support for database maps. 991mci.c Routines that handle mail connection information caching. 992parseaddr.c The routines which do address parsing. 993queue.c Routines to implement message queueing. 994readcf.c The routine that reads the configuration file and 995 translates it to internal form. 996recipient.c Routines that manipulate the recipient list. 997savemail.c Routines which save the letter on processing errors. 998sendmail.h Main header file for sendmail. 999srvrsmtp.c Routines to implement server SMTP. 1000stab.c Routines to manage the symbol table. 1001stats.c Routines to collect and post the statistics. 1002sysexits.c List of error messages associated with error codes 1003 in sysexits.h. 1004trace.c The trace package. These routines allow setting and 1005 testing of trace flags with a high granularity. 1006udb.c The user database interface module. 1007usersmtp.c Routines to implement user SMTP. 1008util.c Some general purpose routines used by sendmail. 1009version.c The version number and information about this 1010 version of sendmail. Theoretically, this gets 1011 modified on every change. 1012 1013Eric Allman 1014 1015(Version 8.87, last update 05/22/95 08:29:55) 1016