xref: /qemu/block/backup.c (revision bb23a736)
1 /*
2  * QEMU backup
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2013 Proxmox Server Solutions
5  *
6  * Authors:
7  *  Dietmar Maurer (dietmar@proxmox.com)
8  *
9  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
10  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11  *
12  */
13 
14 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
15 
16 #include "trace.h"
17 #include "block/block.h"
18 #include "block/block_int.h"
19 #include "block/blockjob_int.h"
20 #include "block/block_backup.h"
21 #include "qapi/error.h"
22 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
23 #include "qemu/ratelimit.h"
24 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
25 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
26 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
27 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
28 
29 #define BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE_DEFAULT (1 << 16)
30 
31 typedef struct BackupBlockJob {
32     BlockJob common;
33     BlockBackend *target;
34     /* bitmap for sync=incremental */
35     BdrvDirtyBitmap *sync_bitmap;
36     MirrorSyncMode sync_mode;
37     BlockdevOnError on_source_error;
38     BlockdevOnError on_target_error;
39     CoRwlock flush_rwlock;
40     uint64_t len;
41     uint64_t bytes_read;
42     int64_t cluster_size;
43     bool compress;
44     NotifierWithReturn before_write;
45     QLIST_HEAD(, CowRequest) inflight_reqs;
46 
47     HBitmap *copy_bitmap;
48     bool use_copy_range;
49     int64_t copy_range_size;
50 
51     bool serialize_target_writes;
52 } BackupBlockJob;
53 
54 static const BlockJobDriver backup_job_driver;
55 
56 /* See if in-flight requests overlap and wait for them to complete */
57 static void coroutine_fn wait_for_overlapping_requests(BackupBlockJob *job,
58                                                        int64_t start,
59                                                        int64_t end)
60 {
61     CowRequest *req;
62     bool retry;
63 
64     do {
65         retry = false;
66         QLIST_FOREACH(req, &job->inflight_reqs, list) {
67             if (end > req->start_byte && start < req->end_byte) {
68                 qemu_co_queue_wait(&req->wait_queue, NULL);
69                 retry = true;
70                 break;
71             }
72         }
73     } while (retry);
74 }
75 
76 /* Keep track of an in-flight request */
77 static void cow_request_begin(CowRequest *req, BackupBlockJob *job,
78                               int64_t start, int64_t end)
79 {
80     req->start_byte = start;
81     req->end_byte = end;
82     qemu_co_queue_init(&req->wait_queue);
83     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&job->inflight_reqs, req, list);
84 }
85 
86 /* Forget about a completed request */
87 static void cow_request_end(CowRequest *req)
88 {
89     QLIST_REMOVE(req, list);
90     qemu_co_queue_restart_all(&req->wait_queue);
91 }
92 
93 /* Copy range to target with a bounce buffer and return the bytes copied. If
94  * error occured, return a negative error number */
95 static int coroutine_fn backup_cow_with_bounce_buffer(BackupBlockJob *job,
96                                                       int64_t start,
97                                                       int64_t end,
98                                                       bool is_write_notifier,
99                                                       bool *error_is_read,
100                                                       void **bounce_buffer)
101 {
102     int ret;
103     struct iovec iov;
104     QEMUIOVector qiov;
105     BlockBackend *blk = job->common.blk;
106     int nbytes;
107     int read_flags = is_write_notifier ? BDRV_REQ_NO_SERIALISING : 0;
108     int write_flags = job->serialize_target_writes ? BDRV_REQ_SERIALISING : 0;
109 
110     hbitmap_reset(job->copy_bitmap, start / job->cluster_size, 1);
111     nbytes = MIN(job->cluster_size, job->len - start);
112     if (!*bounce_buffer) {
113         *bounce_buffer = blk_blockalign(blk, job->cluster_size);
114     }
115     iov.iov_base = *bounce_buffer;
116     iov.iov_len = nbytes;
117     qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
118 
119     ret = blk_co_preadv(blk, start, qiov.size, &qiov, read_flags);
120     if (ret < 0) {
121         trace_backup_do_cow_read_fail(job, start, ret);
122         if (error_is_read) {
123             *error_is_read = true;
124         }
125         goto fail;
126     }
127 
128     if (qemu_iovec_is_zero(&qiov)) {
129         ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(job->target, start,
130                                    qiov.size, write_flags | BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
131     } else {
132         ret = blk_co_pwritev(job->target, start,
133                              qiov.size, &qiov, write_flags |
134                              (job->compress ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0));
135     }
136     if (ret < 0) {
137         trace_backup_do_cow_write_fail(job, start, ret);
138         if (error_is_read) {
139             *error_is_read = false;
140         }
141         goto fail;
142     }
143 
144     return nbytes;
145 fail:
146     hbitmap_set(job->copy_bitmap, start / job->cluster_size, 1);
147     return ret;
148 
149 }
150 
151 /* Copy range to target and return the bytes copied. If error occured, return a
152  * negative error number. */
153 static int coroutine_fn backup_cow_with_offload(BackupBlockJob *job,
154                                                 int64_t start,
155                                                 int64_t end,
156                                                 bool is_write_notifier)
157 {
158     int ret;
159     int nr_clusters;
160     BlockBackend *blk = job->common.blk;
161     int nbytes;
162     int read_flags = is_write_notifier ? BDRV_REQ_NO_SERIALISING : 0;
163     int write_flags = job->serialize_target_writes ? BDRV_REQ_SERIALISING : 0;
164 
165     assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(job->copy_range_size, job->cluster_size));
166     nbytes = MIN(job->copy_range_size, end - start);
167     nr_clusters = DIV_ROUND_UP(nbytes, job->cluster_size);
168     hbitmap_reset(job->copy_bitmap, start / job->cluster_size,
169                   nr_clusters);
170     ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, start, job->target, start, nbytes,
171                             read_flags, write_flags);
172     if (ret < 0) {
173         trace_backup_do_cow_copy_range_fail(job, start, ret);
174         hbitmap_set(job->copy_bitmap, start / job->cluster_size,
175                     nr_clusters);
176         return ret;
177     }
178 
179     return nbytes;
180 }
181 
182 static int coroutine_fn backup_do_cow(BackupBlockJob *job,
183                                       int64_t offset, uint64_t bytes,
184                                       bool *error_is_read,
185                                       bool is_write_notifier)
186 {
187     CowRequest cow_request;
188     int ret = 0;
189     int64_t start, end; /* bytes */
190     void *bounce_buffer = NULL;
191 
192     qemu_co_rwlock_rdlock(&job->flush_rwlock);
193 
194     start = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, job->cluster_size);
195     end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(bytes + offset, job->cluster_size);
196 
197     trace_backup_do_cow_enter(job, start, offset, bytes);
198 
199     wait_for_overlapping_requests(job, start, end);
200     cow_request_begin(&cow_request, job, start, end);
201 
202     while (start < end) {
203         if (!hbitmap_get(job->copy_bitmap, start / job->cluster_size)) {
204             trace_backup_do_cow_skip(job, start);
205             start += job->cluster_size;
206             continue; /* already copied */
207         }
208 
209         trace_backup_do_cow_process(job, start);
210 
211         if (job->use_copy_range) {
212             ret = backup_cow_with_offload(job, start, end, is_write_notifier);
213             if (ret < 0) {
214                 job->use_copy_range = false;
215             }
216         }
217         if (!job->use_copy_range) {
218             ret = backup_cow_with_bounce_buffer(job, start, end, is_write_notifier,
219                                                 error_is_read, &bounce_buffer);
220         }
221         if (ret < 0) {
222             break;
223         }
224 
225         /* Publish progress, guest I/O counts as progress too.  Note that the
226          * offset field is an opaque progress value, it is not a disk offset.
227          */
228         start += ret;
229         job->bytes_read += ret;
230         job_progress_update(&job->common.job, ret);
231         ret = 0;
232     }
233 
234     if (bounce_buffer) {
235         qemu_vfree(bounce_buffer);
236     }
237 
238     cow_request_end(&cow_request);
239 
240     trace_backup_do_cow_return(job, offset, bytes, ret);
241 
242     qemu_co_rwlock_unlock(&job->flush_rwlock);
243 
244     return ret;
245 }
246 
247 static int coroutine_fn backup_before_write_notify(
248         NotifierWithReturn *notifier,
249         void *opaque)
250 {
251     BackupBlockJob *job = container_of(notifier, BackupBlockJob, before_write);
252     BdrvTrackedRequest *req = opaque;
253 
254     assert(req->bs == blk_bs(job->common.blk));
255     assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(req->offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
256     assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(req->bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
257 
258     return backup_do_cow(job, req->offset, req->bytes, NULL, true);
259 }
260 
261 static void backup_cleanup_sync_bitmap(BackupBlockJob *job, int ret)
262 {
263     BdrvDirtyBitmap *bm;
264     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(job->common.blk);
265 
266     if (ret < 0) {
267         /* Merge the successor back into the parent, delete nothing. */
268         bm = bdrv_reclaim_dirty_bitmap(bs, job->sync_bitmap, NULL);
269         assert(bm);
270     } else {
271         /* Everything is fine, delete this bitmap and install the backup. */
272         bm = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_abdicate(bs, job->sync_bitmap, NULL);
273         assert(bm);
274     }
275 }
276 
277 static void backup_commit(Job *job)
278 {
279     BackupBlockJob *s = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common.job);
280     if (s->sync_bitmap) {
281         backup_cleanup_sync_bitmap(s, 0);
282     }
283 }
284 
285 static void backup_abort(Job *job)
286 {
287     BackupBlockJob *s = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common.job);
288     if (s->sync_bitmap) {
289         backup_cleanup_sync_bitmap(s, -1);
290     }
291 }
292 
293 static void backup_clean(Job *job)
294 {
295     BackupBlockJob *s = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common.job);
296     assert(s->target);
297     blk_unref(s->target);
298     s->target = NULL;
299 }
300 
301 static void backup_attached_aio_context(BlockJob *job, AioContext *aio_context)
302 {
303     BackupBlockJob *s = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common);
304 
305     blk_set_aio_context(s->target, aio_context);
306 }
307 
308 void backup_do_checkpoint(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
309 {
310     BackupBlockJob *backup_job = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common);
311     int64_t len;
312 
313     assert(block_job_driver(job) == &backup_job_driver);
314 
315     if (backup_job->sync_mode != MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
316         error_setg(errp, "The backup job only supports block checkpoint in"
317                    " sync=none mode");
318         return;
319     }
320 
321     len = DIV_ROUND_UP(backup_job->len, backup_job->cluster_size);
322     hbitmap_set(backup_job->copy_bitmap, 0, len);
323 }
324 
325 void backup_wait_for_overlapping_requests(BlockJob *job, int64_t offset,
326                                           uint64_t bytes)
327 {
328     BackupBlockJob *backup_job = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common);
329     int64_t start, end;
330 
331     assert(block_job_driver(job) == &backup_job_driver);
332 
333     start = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, backup_job->cluster_size);
334     end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset + bytes, backup_job->cluster_size);
335     wait_for_overlapping_requests(backup_job, start, end);
336 }
337 
338 void backup_cow_request_begin(CowRequest *req, BlockJob *job,
339                               int64_t offset, uint64_t bytes)
340 {
341     BackupBlockJob *backup_job = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common);
342     int64_t start, end;
343 
344     assert(block_job_driver(job) == &backup_job_driver);
345 
346     start = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, backup_job->cluster_size);
347     end = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(offset + bytes, backup_job->cluster_size);
348     cow_request_begin(req, backup_job, start, end);
349 }
350 
351 void backup_cow_request_end(CowRequest *req)
352 {
353     cow_request_end(req);
354 }
355 
356 static void backup_drain(BlockJob *job)
357 {
358     BackupBlockJob *s = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common);
359 
360     /* Need to keep a reference in case blk_drain triggers execution
361      * of backup_complete...
362      */
363     if (s->target) {
364         BlockBackend *target = s->target;
365         blk_ref(target);
366         blk_drain(target);
367         blk_unref(target);
368     }
369 }
370 
371 static BlockErrorAction backup_error_action(BackupBlockJob *job,
372                                             bool read, int error)
373 {
374     if (read) {
375         return block_job_error_action(&job->common, job->on_source_error,
376                                       true, error);
377     } else {
378         return block_job_error_action(&job->common, job->on_target_error,
379                                       false, error);
380     }
381 }
382 
383 typedef struct {
384     int ret;
385 } BackupCompleteData;
386 
387 static void backup_complete(Job *job, void *opaque)
388 {
389     BackupCompleteData *data = opaque;
390 
391     job_completed(job, data->ret, NULL);
392     g_free(data);
393 }
394 
395 static bool coroutine_fn yield_and_check(BackupBlockJob *job)
396 {
397     uint64_t delay_ns;
398 
399     if (job_is_cancelled(&job->common.job)) {
400         return true;
401     }
402 
403     /* We need to yield even for delay_ns = 0 so that bdrv_drain_all() can
404      * return. Without a yield, the VM would not reboot. */
405     delay_ns = block_job_ratelimit_get_delay(&job->common, job->bytes_read);
406     job->bytes_read = 0;
407     job_sleep_ns(&job->common.job, delay_ns);
408 
409     if (job_is_cancelled(&job->common.job)) {
410         return true;
411     }
412 
413     return false;
414 }
415 
416 static int coroutine_fn backup_run_incremental(BackupBlockJob *job)
417 {
418     int ret;
419     bool error_is_read;
420     int64_t cluster;
421     HBitmapIter hbi;
422 
423     hbitmap_iter_init(&hbi, job->copy_bitmap, 0);
424     while ((cluster = hbitmap_iter_next(&hbi, true)) != -1) {
425         do {
426             if (yield_and_check(job)) {
427                 return 0;
428             }
429             ret = backup_do_cow(job, cluster * job->cluster_size,
430                                 job->cluster_size, &error_is_read, false);
431             if (ret < 0 && backup_error_action(job, error_is_read, -ret) ==
432                            BLOCK_ERROR_ACTION_REPORT)
433             {
434                 return ret;
435             }
436         } while (ret < 0);
437     }
438 
439     return 0;
440 }
441 
442 /* init copy_bitmap from sync_bitmap */
443 static void backup_incremental_init_copy_bitmap(BackupBlockJob *job)
444 {
445     BdrvDirtyBitmapIter *dbi;
446     int64_t offset;
447     int64_t end = DIV_ROUND_UP(bdrv_dirty_bitmap_size(job->sync_bitmap),
448                                job->cluster_size);
449 
450     dbi = bdrv_dirty_iter_new(job->sync_bitmap);
451     while ((offset = bdrv_dirty_iter_next(dbi)) != -1) {
452         int64_t cluster = offset / job->cluster_size;
453         int64_t next_cluster;
454 
455         offset += bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(job->sync_bitmap);
456         if (offset >= bdrv_dirty_bitmap_size(job->sync_bitmap)) {
457             hbitmap_set(job->copy_bitmap, cluster, end - cluster);
458             break;
459         }
460 
461         offset = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_next_zero(job->sync_bitmap, offset);
462         if (offset == -1) {
463             hbitmap_set(job->copy_bitmap, cluster, end - cluster);
464             break;
465         }
466 
467         next_cluster = DIV_ROUND_UP(offset, job->cluster_size);
468         hbitmap_set(job->copy_bitmap, cluster, next_cluster - cluster);
469         if (next_cluster >= end) {
470             break;
471         }
472 
473         bdrv_set_dirty_iter(dbi, next_cluster * job->cluster_size);
474     }
475 
476     /* TODO job_progress_set_remaining() would make more sense */
477     job_progress_update(&job->common.job,
478         job->len - hbitmap_count(job->copy_bitmap) * job->cluster_size);
479 
480     bdrv_dirty_iter_free(dbi);
481 }
482 
483 static void coroutine_fn backup_run(void *opaque)
484 {
485     BackupBlockJob *job = opaque;
486     BackupCompleteData *data;
487     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(job->common.blk);
488     int64_t offset, nb_clusters;
489     int ret = 0;
490 
491     QLIST_INIT(&job->inflight_reqs);
492     qemu_co_rwlock_init(&job->flush_rwlock);
493 
494     nb_clusters = DIV_ROUND_UP(job->len, job->cluster_size);
495     job_progress_set_remaining(&job->common.job, job->len);
496 
497     job->copy_bitmap = hbitmap_alloc(nb_clusters, 0);
498     if (job->sync_mode == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_INCREMENTAL) {
499         backup_incremental_init_copy_bitmap(job);
500     } else {
501         hbitmap_set(job->copy_bitmap, 0, nb_clusters);
502     }
503 
504 
505     job->before_write.notify = backup_before_write_notify;
506     bdrv_add_before_write_notifier(bs, &job->before_write);
507 
508     if (job->sync_mode == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
509         /* All bits are set in copy_bitmap to allow any cluster to be copied.
510          * This does not actually require them to be copied. */
511         while (!job_is_cancelled(&job->common.job)) {
512             /* Yield until the job is cancelled.  We just let our before_write
513              * notify callback service CoW requests. */
514             job_yield(&job->common.job);
515         }
516     } else if (job->sync_mode == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_INCREMENTAL) {
517         ret = backup_run_incremental(job);
518     } else {
519         /* Both FULL and TOP SYNC_MODE's require copying.. */
520         for (offset = 0; offset < job->len;
521              offset += job->cluster_size) {
522             bool error_is_read;
523             int alloced = 0;
524 
525             if (yield_and_check(job)) {
526                 break;
527             }
528 
529             if (job->sync_mode == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
530                 int i;
531                 int64_t n;
532 
533                 /* Check to see if these blocks are already in the
534                  * backing file. */
535 
536                 for (i = 0; i < job->cluster_size;) {
537                     /* bdrv_is_allocated() only returns true/false based
538                      * on the first set of sectors it comes across that
539                      * are are all in the same state.
540                      * For that reason we must verify each sector in the
541                      * backup cluster length.  We end up copying more than
542                      * needed but at some point that is always the case. */
543                     alloced =
544                         bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset + i,
545                                           job->cluster_size - i, &n);
546                     i += n;
547 
548                     if (alloced || n == 0) {
549                         break;
550                     }
551                 }
552 
553                 /* If the above loop never found any sectors that are in
554                  * the topmost image, skip this backup. */
555                 if (alloced == 0) {
556                     continue;
557                 }
558             }
559             /* FULL sync mode we copy the whole drive. */
560             if (alloced < 0) {
561                 ret = alloced;
562             } else {
563                 ret = backup_do_cow(job, offset, job->cluster_size,
564                                     &error_is_read, false);
565             }
566             if (ret < 0) {
567                 /* Depending on error action, fail now or retry cluster */
568                 BlockErrorAction action =
569                     backup_error_action(job, error_is_read, -ret);
570                 if (action == BLOCK_ERROR_ACTION_REPORT) {
571                     break;
572                 } else {
573                     offset -= job->cluster_size;
574                     continue;
575                 }
576             }
577         }
578     }
579 
580     notifier_with_return_remove(&job->before_write);
581 
582     /* wait until pending backup_do_cow() calls have completed */
583     qemu_co_rwlock_wrlock(&job->flush_rwlock);
584     qemu_co_rwlock_unlock(&job->flush_rwlock);
585     hbitmap_free(job->copy_bitmap);
586 
587     data = g_malloc(sizeof(*data));
588     data->ret = ret;
589     job_defer_to_main_loop(&job->common.job, backup_complete, data);
590 }
591 
592 static const BlockJobDriver backup_job_driver = {
593     .job_driver = {
594         .instance_size          = sizeof(BackupBlockJob),
595         .job_type               = JOB_TYPE_BACKUP,
596         .free                   = block_job_free,
597         .user_resume            = block_job_user_resume,
598         .drain                  = block_job_drain,
599         .start                  = backup_run,
600         .commit                 = backup_commit,
601         .abort                  = backup_abort,
602         .clean                  = backup_clean,
603     },
604     .attached_aio_context   = backup_attached_aio_context,
605     .drain                  = backup_drain,
606 };
607 
608 BlockJob *backup_job_create(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
609                   BlockDriverState *target, int64_t speed,
610                   MirrorSyncMode sync_mode, BdrvDirtyBitmap *sync_bitmap,
611                   bool compress,
612                   BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
613                   BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
614                   int creation_flags,
615                   BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque,
616                   JobTxn *txn, Error **errp)
617 {
618     int64_t len;
619     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
620     BackupBlockJob *job = NULL;
621     int ret;
622 
623     assert(bs);
624     assert(target);
625 
626     if (bs == target) {
627         error_setg(errp, "Source and target cannot be the same");
628         return NULL;
629     }
630 
631     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
632         error_setg(errp, "Device is not inserted: %s",
633                    bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
634         return NULL;
635     }
636 
637     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(target)) {
638         error_setg(errp, "Device is not inserted: %s",
639                    bdrv_get_device_name(target));
640         return NULL;
641     }
642 
643     if (compress && target->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed == NULL) {
644         error_setg(errp, "Compression is not supported for this drive %s",
645                    bdrv_get_device_name(target));
646         return NULL;
647     }
648 
649     if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(bs, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_BACKUP_SOURCE, errp)) {
650         return NULL;
651     }
652 
653     if (bdrv_op_is_blocked(target, BLOCK_OP_TYPE_BACKUP_TARGET, errp)) {
654         return NULL;
655     }
656 
657     if (sync_mode == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_INCREMENTAL) {
658         if (!sync_bitmap) {
659             error_setg(errp, "must provide a valid bitmap name for "
660                              "\"incremental\" sync mode");
661             return NULL;
662         }
663 
664         /* Create a new bitmap, and freeze/disable this one. */
665         if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_create_successor(bs, sync_bitmap, errp) < 0) {
666             return NULL;
667         }
668     } else if (sync_bitmap) {
669         error_setg(errp,
670                    "a sync_bitmap was provided to backup_run, "
671                    "but received an incompatible sync_mode (%s)",
672                    MirrorSyncMode_str(sync_mode));
673         return NULL;
674     }
675 
676     len = bdrv_getlength(bs);
677     if (len < 0) {
678         error_setg_errno(errp, -len, "unable to get length for '%s'",
679                          bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
680         goto error;
681     }
682 
683     /* job->len is fixed, so we can't allow resize */
684     job = block_job_create(job_id, &backup_job_driver, txn, bs,
685                            BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
686                            BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | BLK_PERM_WRITE |
687                            BLK_PERM_WRITE_UNCHANGED | BLK_PERM_GRAPH_MOD,
688                            speed, creation_flags, cb, opaque, errp);
689     if (!job) {
690         goto error;
691     }
692 
693     /* The target must match the source in size, so no resize here either */
694     job->target = blk_new(BLK_PERM_WRITE,
695                           BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ | BLK_PERM_WRITE |
696                           BLK_PERM_WRITE_UNCHANGED | BLK_PERM_GRAPH_MOD);
697     ret = blk_insert_bs(job->target, target, errp);
698     if (ret < 0) {
699         goto error;
700     }
701 
702     job->on_source_error = on_source_error;
703     job->on_target_error = on_target_error;
704     job->sync_mode = sync_mode;
705     job->sync_bitmap = sync_mode == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_INCREMENTAL ?
706                        sync_bitmap : NULL;
707     job->compress = compress;
708 
709     /* Detect image-fleecing (and similar) schemes */
710     job->serialize_target_writes = bdrv_chain_contains(target, bs);
711 
712     /* If there is no backing file on the target, we cannot rely on COW if our
713      * backup cluster size is smaller than the target cluster size. Even for
714      * targets with a backing file, try to avoid COW if possible. */
715     ret = bdrv_get_info(target, &bdi);
716     if (ret == -ENOTSUP && !target->backing) {
717         /* Cluster size is not defined */
718         warn_report("The target block device doesn't provide "
719                     "information about the block size and it doesn't have a "
720                     "backing file. The default block size of %u bytes is "
721                     "used. If the actual block size of the target exceeds "
722                     "this default, the backup may be unusable",
723                     BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE_DEFAULT);
724         job->cluster_size = BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE_DEFAULT;
725     } else if (ret < 0 && !target->backing) {
726         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
727             "Couldn't determine the cluster size of the target image, "
728             "which has no backing file");
729         error_append_hint(errp,
730             "Aborting, since this may create an unusable destination image\n");
731         goto error;
732     } else if (ret < 0 && target->backing) {
733         /* Not fatal; just trudge on ahead. */
734         job->cluster_size = BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE_DEFAULT;
735     } else {
736         job->cluster_size = MAX(BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE_DEFAULT, bdi.cluster_size);
737     }
738     job->use_copy_range = true;
739     job->copy_range_size = MIN_NON_ZERO(blk_get_max_transfer(job->common.blk),
740                                         blk_get_max_transfer(job->target));
741     job->copy_range_size = MAX(job->cluster_size,
742                                QEMU_ALIGN_UP(job->copy_range_size,
743                                              job->cluster_size));
744 
745     /* Required permissions are already taken with target's blk_new() */
746     block_job_add_bdrv(&job->common, "target", target, 0, BLK_PERM_ALL,
747                        &error_abort);
748     job->len = len;
749 
750     return &job->common;
751 
752  error:
753     if (sync_bitmap) {
754         bdrv_reclaim_dirty_bitmap(bs, sync_bitmap, NULL);
755     }
756     if (job) {
757         backup_clean(&job->common.job);
758         job_early_fail(&job->common.job);
759     }
760 
761     return NULL;
762 }
763