xref: /qemu/hw/i386/pc.c (revision e72629e5)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/units.h"
27 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
28 #include "hw/char/serial.h"
29 #include "hw/char/parallel.h"
30 #include "hw/hyperv/hv-balloon.h"
31 #include "hw/i386/fw_cfg.h"
32 #include "hw/i386/vmport.h"
33 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
34 #include "hw/ide/internal.h"
35 #include "hw/timer/hpet.h"
36 #include "hw/loader.h"
37 #include "hw/rtc/mc146818rtc.h"
38 #include "hw/intc/i8259.h"
39 #include "hw/timer/i8254.h"
40 #include "hw/input/i8042.h"
41 #include "hw/audio/pcspk.h"
42 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
43 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
44 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
45 #include "kvm/kvm_i386.h"
46 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
47 #include "qapi/qmp/qlist.h"
48 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
49 #include "hw/acpi/cpu_hotplug.h"
50 #include "acpi-build.h"
51 #include "hw/mem/nvdimm.h"
52 #include "hw/cxl/cxl_host.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/i386/intel_iommu.h"
55 #include "hw/net/ne2000-isa.h"
56 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
57 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-md-pci.h"
58 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_overlay.h"
59 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_evtchn.h"
60 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_gnttab.h"
61 #include "hw/i386/kvm/xen_xenstore.h"
62 #include "hw/mem/memory-device.h"
63 #include "e820_memory_layout.h"
64 #include "trace.h"
65 #include CONFIG_DEVICES
66 
67 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
68 #include "hw/xen/xen-legacy-backend.h"
69 #include "hw/xen/xen-bus.h"
70 #endif
71 
72 /*
73  * Helper for setting model-id for CPU models that changed model-id
74  * depending on QEMU versions up to QEMU 2.4.
75  */
76 #define PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS(v) \
77     { "qemu32-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
78     { "qemu64-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },\
79     { "athlon-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model-id", "QEMU Virtual CPU version " v, },
80 
81 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_1[] = {};
82 const size_t pc_compat_8_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_1);
83 
84 GlobalProperty pc_compat_8_0[] = {
85     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "auto" },
86 };
87 const size_t pc_compat_8_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_8_0);
88 
89 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_2[] = {
90     { "ICH9-LPC", "noreboot", "true" },
91 };
92 const size_t pc_compat_7_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_2);
93 
94 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_1[] = {};
95 const size_t pc_compat_7_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_1);
96 
97 GlobalProperty pc_compat_7_0[] = {};
98 const size_t pc_compat_7_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_7_0);
99 
100 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_2[] = {
101     { "virtio-mem", "unplugged-inaccessible", "off" },
102 };
103 const size_t pc_compat_6_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_2);
104 
105 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_1[] = {
106     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-build", "0x1bbc" },
107     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-major", "0x0006" },
108     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "hv-version-id-minor", "0x0001" },
109     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "false" },
110 };
111 const size_t pc_compat_6_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_1);
112 
113 GlobalProperty pc_compat_6_0[] = {
114     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "6" },
115     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
116     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "3" },
117     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-vendor-cpuid-only", "off" },
118     { "ICH9-LPC", ACPI_PM_PROP_ACPI_PCIHP_BRIDGE, "off" },
119     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-keep-pci-slot-hpc", "true" },
120 };
121 const size_t pc_compat_6_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_6_0);
122 
123 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_2[] = {
124     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotunplug", "off" },
125 };
126 const size_t pc_compat_5_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_2);
127 
128 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_1[] = {
129     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-cpu-hotplug", "off" },
130     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "kvm-msi-ext-dest-id", "off" },
131 };
132 const size_t pc_compat_5_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_1);
133 
134 GlobalProperty pc_compat_5_0[] = {
135 };
136 const size_t pc_compat_5_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_5_0);
137 
138 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_2[] = {
139     { "mch", "smbase-smram", "off" },
140 };
141 const size_t pc_compat_4_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_2);
142 
143 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_1[] = {};
144 const size_t pc_compat_4_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_1);
145 
146 GlobalProperty pc_compat_4_0[] = {};
147 const size_t pc_compat_4_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_4_0);
148 
149 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_1[] = {
150     { "intel-iommu", "dma-drain", "off" },
151     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
152     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
153     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
154     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
155     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "off" },
156     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
157     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
158     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
159     { "EPYC" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
160     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "npt", "off" },
161     { "EPYC-IBPB" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "nrip-save", "off" },
162     { "Skylake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
163     { "Skylake-Client-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
164     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
165     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "mpx", "on" },
166     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,  "mpx", "on" },
167     { "Icelake-Client" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
168     { "Icelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU,      "mpx", "on" },
169     { "Cascadelake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "5" },
170     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-intel-pt-auto-level", "off" },
171 };
172 const size_t pc_compat_3_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_1);
173 
174 GlobalProperty pc_compat_3_0[] = {
175     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-synic-kvm-only", "on" },
176     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
177     { "Skylake-Server-IBRS" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "pku", "off" },
178 };
179 const size_t pc_compat_3_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_3_0);
180 
181 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_12[] = {
182     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "legacy-cache", "on" },
183     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "topoext", "off" },
184     { "EPYC-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
185     { "EPYC-IBPB-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
186 };
187 const size_t pc_compat_2_12_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_12);
188 
189 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_11[] = {
190     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-migrate-smi-count", "off" },
191     { "Skylake-Server" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "clflushopt", "off" },
192 };
193 const size_t pc_compat_2_11_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_11);
194 
195 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_10[] = {
196     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "x-hv-max-vps", "0x40" },
197     { "i440FX-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
198     { "q35-pcihost", "x-pci-hole64-fix", "off" },
199 };
200 const size_t pc_compat_2_10_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_10);
201 
202 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_9[] = {
203     { "mch", "extended-tseg-mbytes", "0" },
204 };
205 const size_t pc_compat_2_9_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_9);
206 
207 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_8[] = {
208     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "tcg-cpuid", "off" },
209     { "kvmclock", "x-mach-use-reliable-get-clock", "off" },
210     { "ICH9-LPC", "x-smi-broadcast", "off" },
211     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmware-cpuid-freq", "off" },
212     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
213 };
214 const size_t pc_compat_2_8_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_8);
215 
216 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_7[] = {
217     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "l3-cache", "off" },
218     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "full-cpuid-auto-level", "off" },
219     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "family", "15" },
220     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "model", "6" },
221     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "stepping", "1" },
222     { "isa-pcspk", "migrate", "off" },
223 };
224 const size_t pc_compat_2_7_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_7);
225 
226 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_6[] = {
227     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "cpuid-0xb", "off" },
228     { "vmxnet3", "romfile", "" },
229     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "fill-mtrr-mask", "off" },
230     { "apic-common", "legacy-instance-id", "on", }
231 };
232 const size_t pc_compat_2_6_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_6);
233 
234 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_5[] = {};
235 const size_t pc_compat_2_5_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_5);
236 
237 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_4[] = {
238     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.4.0")
239     { "Haswell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
240     { "Haswell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
241     { "Broadwell-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
242     { "Broadwell-noTSX-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "off" },
243     { "host" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "host-cache-info", "on" },
244     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "check", "off" },
245     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "sse4a", "on" },
246     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "abm", "on" },
247     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
248     { "qemu32" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "popcnt", "on" },
249     { "Opteron_G2" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
250     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
251     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on" },
252     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdtscp", "on", }
253 };
254 const size_t pc_compat_2_4_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_4);
255 
256 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_3[] = {
257     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.3.0")
258     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "arat", "off" },
259     { "qemu64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
260     { "kvm64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "5" },
261     { "pentium3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "2" },
262     { "n270" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "5" },
263     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
264     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
265     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-level", "4" },
266     { "n270" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
267     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
268     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
269     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
270     { "Westmere" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
271     { "SandyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
272     { "IvyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
273     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
274     { "Haswell-noTSX" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
275     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
276     { "Broadwell-noTSX" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "min-xlevel", "0x8000000a" },
277     { TYPE_X86_CPU, "kvm-no-smi-migration", "on" },
278 };
279 const size_t pc_compat_2_3_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_3);
280 
281 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_2[] = {
282     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.2.0")
283     { "kvm64" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
284     { "kvm32" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
285     { "Conroe" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
286     { "Penryn" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
287     { "Nehalem" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
288     { "Westmere" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
289     { "SandyBridge" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
290     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
291     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
292     { "Opteron_G1" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
293     { "Opteron_G2" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
294     { "Opteron_G3" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
295     { "Opteron_G4" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
296     { "Opteron_G5" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vme", "off" },
297     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "f16c", "off" },
298     { "Haswell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdrand", "off" },
299     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "f16c", "off" },
300     { "Broadwell" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "rdrand", "off" },
301 };
302 const size_t pc_compat_2_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_2);
303 
304 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_1[] = {
305     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.1.0")
306     { "coreduo" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmx", "on" },
307     { "core2duo" "-" TYPE_X86_CPU, "vmx", "on" },
308 };
309 const size_t pc_compat_2_1_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_1);
310 
311 GlobalProperty pc_compat_2_0[] = {
312     PC_CPU_MODEL_IDS("2.0.0")
313     { "virtio-scsi-pci", "any_layout", "off" },
314     { "PIIX4_PM", "memory-hotplug-support", "off" },
315     { "apic", "version", "0x11" },
316     { "nec-usb-xhci", "superspeed-ports-first", "off" },
317     { "nec-usb-xhci", "force-pcie-endcap", "on" },
318     { "pci-serial", "prog_if", "0" },
319     { "pci-serial-2x", "prog_if", "0" },
320     { "pci-serial-4x", "prog_if", "0" },
321     { "virtio-net-pci", "guest_announce", "off" },
322     { "ICH9-LPC", "memory-hotplug-support", "off" },
323 };
324 const size_t pc_compat_2_0_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(pc_compat_2_0);
325 
326 GSIState *pc_gsi_create(qemu_irq **irqs, bool pci_enabled)
327 {
328     GSIState *s;
329 
330     s = g_new0(GSIState, 1);
331     if (kvm_ioapic_in_kernel()) {
332         kvm_pc_setup_irq_routing(pci_enabled);
333     }
334     *irqs = qemu_allocate_irqs(gsi_handler, s, IOAPIC_NUM_PINS);
335 
336     return s;
337 }
338 
339 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
340                            unsigned size)
341 {
342 }
343 
344 static uint64_t ioport80_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
345 {
346     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
347 }
348 
349 /* MS-DOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
350 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
351                            unsigned size)
352 {
353     if (tcg_enabled()) {
354         cpu_set_ignne();
355     }
356 }
357 
358 static uint64_t ioportF0_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
359 {
360     return 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
361 }
362 
363 /* PC cmos mappings */
364 
365 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
366 
367 static void cmos_init_hd(MC146818RtcState *s, int type_ofs, int info_ofs,
368                          int16_t cylinders, int8_t heads, int8_t sectors)
369 {
370     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, type_ofs, 47);
371     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
372     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
373     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
374     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
375     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
376     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
377     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
378     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
379     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
380 }
381 
382 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
383 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
384 {
385     switch(boot_device) {
386     case 'a':
387     case 'b':
388         return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
389     case 'c':
390         return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
391     case 'd':
392         return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
393     case 'n':
394         return 0x04; /* Network boot */
395     }
396     return 0;
397 }
398 
399 static void set_boot_dev(MC146818RtcState *s, const char *boot_device,
400                          Error **errp)
401 {
402 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
403     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
404     int i;
405 
406     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
407     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
408         error_setg(errp, "Too many boot devices for PC");
409         return;
410     }
411     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
412         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
413         if (bds[i] == 0) {
414             error_setg(errp, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'",
415                        boot_device[i]);
416             return;
417         }
418     }
419     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
420     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ? 0x0 : 0x1));
421 }
422 
423 static void pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device, Error **errp)
424 {
425     set_boot_dev(opaque, boot_device, errp);
426 }
427 
428 static void pc_cmos_init_floppy(MC146818RtcState *rtc_state, ISADevice *floppy)
429 {
430     int val, nb, i;
431     FloppyDriveType fd_type[2] = { FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE,
432                                    FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE };
433 
434     /* floppy type */
435     if (floppy) {
436         for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
437             fd_type[i] = isa_fdc_get_drive_type(floppy, i);
438         }
439     }
440     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[0]) << 4) |
441         cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd_type[1]);
442     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, 0x10, val);
443 
444     val = mc146818rtc_get_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE);
445     nb = 0;
446     if (fd_type[0] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
447         nb++;
448     }
449     if (fd_type[1] != FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE_NONE) {
450         nb++;
451     }
452     switch (nb) {
453     case 0:
454         break;
455     case 1:
456         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
457         break;
458     case 2:
459         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
460         break;
461     }
462     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(rtc_state, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
463 }
464 
465 typedef struct pc_cmos_init_late_arg {
466     MC146818RtcState *rtc_state;
467     BusState *idebus[2];
468 } pc_cmos_init_late_arg;
469 
470 typedef struct check_fdc_state {
471     ISADevice *floppy;
472     bool multiple;
473 } CheckFdcState;
474 
475 static int check_fdc(Object *obj, void *opaque)
476 {
477     CheckFdcState *state = opaque;
478     Object *fdc;
479     uint32_t iobase;
480     Error *local_err = NULL;
481 
482     fdc = object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_ISA_FDC);
483     if (!fdc) {
484         return 0;
485     }
486 
487     iobase = object_property_get_uint(obj, "iobase", &local_err);
488     if (local_err || iobase != 0x3f0) {
489         error_free(local_err);
490         return 0;
491     }
492 
493     if (state->floppy) {
494         state->multiple = true;
495     } else {
496         state->floppy = ISA_DEVICE(obj);
497     }
498     return 0;
499 }
500 
501 static const char * const fdc_container_path[] = {
502     "/unattached", "/peripheral", "/peripheral-anon"
503 };
504 
505 /*
506  * Locate the FDC at IO address 0x3f0, in order to configure the CMOS registers
507  * and ACPI objects.
508  */
509 static ISADevice *pc_find_fdc0(void)
510 {
511     int i;
512     Object *container;
513     CheckFdcState state = { 0 };
514 
515     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fdc_container_path); i++) {
516         container = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), fdc_container_path[i]);
517         object_child_foreach(container, check_fdc, &state);
518     }
519 
520     if (state.multiple) {
521         warn_report("multiple floppy disk controllers with "
522                     "iobase=0x3f0 have been found");
523         error_printf("the one being picked for CMOS setup might not reflect "
524                      "your intent");
525     }
526 
527     return state.floppy;
528 }
529 
530 static void pc_cmos_init_late(void *opaque)
531 {
532     pc_cmos_init_late_arg *arg = opaque;
533     MC146818RtcState *s = arg->rtc_state;
534     int16_t cylinders;
535     int8_t heads, sectors;
536     int val;
537     int i, trans;
538 
539     val = 0;
540     if (arg->idebus[0] && ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[0], 0,
541                                            &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
542         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x19, 0x1b, cylinders, heads, sectors);
543         val |= 0xf0;
544     }
545     if (arg->idebus[0] && ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[0], 1,
546                                            &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
547         cmos_init_hd(s, 0x1a, 0x24, cylinders, heads, sectors);
548         val |= 0x0f;
549     }
550     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x12, val);
551 
552     val = 0;
553     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
554         /* NOTE: ide_get_geometry() returns the physical
555            geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
556            <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
557            geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
558         if (arg->idebus[i / 2] &&
559             ide_get_geometry(arg->idebus[i / 2], i % 2,
560                              &cylinders, &heads, &sectors) >= 0) {
561             trans = ide_get_bios_chs_trans(arg->idebus[i / 2], i % 2) - 1;
562             assert((trans & ~3) == 0);
563             val |= trans << (i * 2);
564         }
565     }
566     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x39, val);
567 
568     pc_cmos_init_floppy(s, pc_find_fdc0());
569 
570     qemu_unregister_reset(pc_cmos_init_late, opaque);
571 }
572 
573 void pc_cmos_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
574                   BusState *idebus0, BusState *idebus1,
575                   ISADevice *rtc)
576 {
577     int val;
578     static pc_cmos_init_late_arg arg;
579     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
580     MC146818RtcState *s = MC146818_RTC(rtc);
581 
582     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
583 
584     /* memory size */
585     /* base memory (first MiB) */
586     val = MIN(x86ms->below_4g_mem_size / KiB, 640);
587     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x15, val);
588     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
589     /* extended memory (next 64MiB) */
590     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 1 * MiB) {
591         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 1 * MiB) / KiB;
592     } else {
593         val = 0;
594     }
595     if (val > 65535)
596         val = 65535;
597     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x17, val);
598     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
599     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x30, val);
600     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
601     /* memory between 16MiB and 4GiB */
602     if (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size > 16 * MiB) {
603         val = (x86ms->below_4g_mem_size - 16 * MiB) / (64 * KiB);
604     } else {
605         val = 0;
606     }
607     if (val > 65535)
608         val = 65535;
609     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x34, val);
610     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
611     /* memory above 4GiB */
612     val = x86ms->above_4g_mem_size / 65536;
613     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5b, val);
614     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5c, val >> 8);
615     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, 0x5d, val >> 16);
616 
617     object_property_add_link(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc_state",
618                              TYPE_ISA_DEVICE,
619                              (Object **)&x86ms->rtc,
620                              object_property_allow_set_link,
621                              OBJ_PROP_LINK_STRONG);
622     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc_state", OBJECT(s),
623                              &error_abort);
624 
625     set_boot_dev(s, MACHINE(pcms)->boot_config.order, &error_fatal);
626 
627     val = 0;
628     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
629     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
630     mc146818rtc_set_cmos_data(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
631 
632     /* hard drives and FDC */
633     arg.rtc_state = s;
634     arg.idebus[0] = idebus0;
635     arg.idebus[1] = idebus1;
636     qemu_register_reset(pc_cmos_init_late, &arg);
637 }
638 
639 static void handle_a20_line_change(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
640 {
641     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
642 
643     /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
644     /* XXX: add logic to handle multiple A20 line sources */
645     x86_cpu_set_a20(cpu, level);
646 }
647 
648 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
649 
650 static const int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360,
651                                               0x280, 0x380 };
652 static const int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
653 
654 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(ISABus *bus, NICInfo *nd)
655 {
656     static int nb_ne2k = 0;
657 
658     if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
659         return;
660     isa_ne2000_init(bus, ne2000_io[nb_ne2k],
661                     ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd);
662     nb_ne2k++;
663 }
664 
665 void pc_acpi_smi_interrupt(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
666 {
667     X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
668 
669     if (level) {
670         cpu_interrupt(CPU(cpu), CPU_INTERRUPT_SMI);
671     }
672 }
673 
674 static
675 void pc_machine_done(Notifier *notifier, void *data)
676 {
677     PCMachineState *pcms = container_of(notifier,
678                                         PCMachineState, machine_done);
679     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
680 
681     cxl_hook_up_pxb_registers(pcms->bus, &pcms->cxl_devices_state,
682                               &error_fatal);
683 
684     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
685         cxl_fmws_link_targets(&pcms->cxl_devices_state, &error_fatal);
686     }
687 
688     /* set the number of CPUs */
689     x86_rtc_set_cpus_count(x86ms->rtc, x86ms->boot_cpus);
690 
691     fw_cfg_add_extra_pci_roots(pcms->bus, x86ms->fw_cfg);
692 
693     acpi_setup();
694     if (x86ms->fw_cfg) {
695         fw_cfg_build_smbios(MACHINE(pcms), x86ms->fw_cfg);
696         fw_cfg_build_feature_control(MACHINE(pcms), x86ms->fw_cfg);
697         /* update FW_CFG_NB_CPUS to account for -device added CPUs */
698         fw_cfg_modify_i16(x86ms->fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
699     }
700 }
701 
702 void pc_guest_info_init(PCMachineState *pcms)
703 {
704     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
705 
706     x86ms->apic_xrupt_override = true;
707     pcms->machine_done.notify = pc_machine_done;
708     qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&pcms->machine_done);
709 }
710 
711 /* setup pci memory address space mapping into system address space */
712 void pc_pci_as_mapping_init(MemoryRegion *system_memory,
713                             MemoryRegion *pci_address_space)
714 {
715     /* Set to lower priority than RAM */
716     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(system_memory, 0x0,
717                                         pci_address_space, -1);
718 }
719 
720 void xen_load_linux(PCMachineState *pcms)
721 {
722     int i;
723     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
724     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
725     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
726 
727     assert(MACHINE(pcms)->kernel_filename != NULL);
728 
729     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io(FW_CFG_IO_BASE);
730     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
731     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
732 
733     x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, pcmc->acpi_data_size,
734                    pcmc->pvh_enabled);
735     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
736         assert(!strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot.bin") ||
737                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "linuxboot_dma.bin") ||
738                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "pvh.bin") ||
739                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot.bin") ||
740                !strcmp(option_rom[i].name, "multiboot_dma.bin"));
741         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
742     }
743     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
744 }
745 
746 #define PC_ROM_MIN_VGA     0xc0000
747 #define PC_ROM_MIN_OPTION  0xc8000
748 #define PC_ROM_MAX         0xe0000
749 #define PC_ROM_ALIGN       0x800
750 #define PC_ROM_SIZE        (PC_ROM_MAX - PC_ROM_MIN_VGA)
751 
752 static hwaddr pc_above_4g_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
753 {
754     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
755 
756     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
757         return sgx_epc_above_4g_end(&pcms->sgx_epc);
758     }
759 
760     return x86ms->above_4g_mem_start + x86ms->above_4g_mem_size;
761 }
762 
763 static void pc_get_device_memory_range(PCMachineState *pcms,
764                                        hwaddr *base,
765                                        ram_addr_t *device_mem_size)
766 {
767     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
768     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
769     ram_addr_t size;
770     hwaddr addr;
771 
772     size = machine->maxram_size - machine->ram_size;
773     addr = ROUND_UP(pc_above_4g_end(pcms), 1 * GiB);
774 
775     if (pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm) {
776         /* size device region assuming 1G page max alignment per slot */
777         size += (1 * GiB) * machine->ram_slots;
778     }
779 
780     *base = addr;
781     *device_mem_size = size;
782 }
783 
784 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_start(PCMachineState *pcms)
785 {
786     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
787     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
788     hwaddr cxl_base;
789     ram_addr_t size;
790 
791     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
792         (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
793         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &cxl_base, &size);
794         cxl_base += size;
795     } else {
796         cxl_base = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
797     }
798 
799     return cxl_base;
800 }
801 
802 static uint64_t pc_get_cxl_range_end(PCMachineState *pcms)
803 {
804     uint64_t start = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms) + MiB;
805 
806     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
807         GList *it;
808 
809         start = ROUND_UP(start, 256 * MiB);
810         for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
811             CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
812             start += fw->size;
813         }
814     }
815 
816     return start;
817 }
818 
819 static hwaddr pc_max_used_gpa(PCMachineState *pcms, uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
820 {
821     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
822     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
823     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
824 
825     if (cpu->env.features[FEAT_8000_0001_EDX] & CPUID_EXT2_LM) {
826         /* 64-bit systems */
827         return pc_pci_hole64_start() + pci_hole64_size - 1;
828     }
829 
830     /* 32-bit systems */
831     if (pcmc->broken_32bit_mem_addr_check) {
832         /* old value for compatibility reasons */
833         return ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
834     }
835 
836     /*
837      * 32-bit systems don't have hole64 but they might have a region for
838      * memory devices. Even if additional hotplugged memory devices might
839      * not be usable by most guest OSes, we need to still consider them for
840      * calculating the highest possible GPA so that we can properly report
841      * if someone configures them on a CPU that cannot possibly address them.
842      */
843     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
844         (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
845         hwaddr devmem_start;
846         ram_addr_t devmem_size;
847 
848         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &devmem_start, &devmem_size);
849         devmem_start += devmem_size;
850         return devmem_start - 1;
851     }
852 
853     /* configuration without any memory hotplug */
854     return pc_above_4g_end(pcms) - 1;
855 }
856 
857 /*
858  * AMD systems with an IOMMU have an additional hole close to the
859  * 1Tb, which are special GPAs that cannot be DMA mapped. Depending
860  * on kernel version, VFIO may or may not let you DMA map those ranges.
861  * Starting Linux v5.4 we validate it, and can't create guests on AMD machines
862  * with certain memory sizes. It's also wrong to use those IOVA ranges
863  * in detriment of leading to IOMMU INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST or worse.
864  * The ranges reserved for Hyper-Transport are:
865  *
866  * FD_0000_0000h - FF_FFFF_FFFFh
867  *
868  * The ranges represent the following:
869  *
870  * Base Address   Top Address  Use
871  *
872  * FD_0000_0000h FD_F7FF_FFFFh Reserved interrupt address space
873  * FD_F800_0000h FD_F8FF_FFFFh Interrupt/EOI IntCtl
874  * FD_F900_0000h FD_F90F_FFFFh Legacy PIC IACK
875  * FD_F910_0000h FD_F91F_FFFFh System Management
876  * FD_F920_0000h FD_FAFF_FFFFh Reserved Page Tables
877  * FD_FB00_0000h FD_FBFF_FFFFh Address Translation
878  * FD_FC00_0000h FD_FDFF_FFFFh I/O Space
879  * FD_FE00_0000h FD_FFFF_FFFFh Configuration
880  * FE_0000_0000h FE_1FFF_FFFFh Extended Configuration/Device Messages
881  * FE_2000_0000h FF_FFFF_FFFFh Reserved
882  *
883  * See AMD IOMMU spec, section 2.1.2 "IOMMU Logical Topology",
884  * Table 3: Special Address Controls (GPA) for more information.
885  */
886 #define AMD_HT_START         0xfd00000000UL
887 #define AMD_HT_END           0xffffffffffUL
888 #define AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START  (AMD_HT_END + 1)
889 #define AMD_HT_SIZE          (AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START - AMD_HT_START)
890 
891 void pc_memory_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
892                     MemoryRegion *system_memory,
893                     MemoryRegion *rom_memory,
894                     uint64_t pci_hole64_size)
895 {
896     int linux_boot, i;
897     MemoryRegion *option_rom_mr;
898     MemoryRegion *ram_below_4g, *ram_above_4g;
899     FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
900     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(pcms);
901     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
902     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
903     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
904     hwaddr maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr;
905     hwaddr cxl_base, cxl_resv_end = 0;
906     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
907 
908     assert(machine->ram_size == x86ms->below_4g_mem_size +
909                                 x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
910 
911     linux_boot = (machine->kernel_filename != NULL);
912 
913     /*
914      * The HyperTransport range close to the 1T boundary is unique to AMD
915      * hosts with IOMMUs enabled. Restrict the ram-above-4g relocation
916      * to above 1T to AMD vCPUs only. @enforce_amd_1tb_hole is only false in
917      * older machine types (<= 7.0) for compatibility purposes.
918      */
919     if (IS_AMD_CPU(&cpu->env) && pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole) {
920         /* Bail out if max possible address does not cross HT range */
921         if (pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size) >= AMD_HT_START) {
922             x86ms->above_4g_mem_start = AMD_ABOVE_1TB_START;
923         }
924 
925         /*
926          * Advertise the HT region if address space covers the reserved
927          * region or if we relocate.
928          */
929         if (cpu->phys_bits >= 40) {
930             e820_add_entry(AMD_HT_START, AMD_HT_SIZE, E820_RESERVED);
931         }
932     }
933 
934     /*
935      * phys-bits is required to be appropriately configured
936      * to make sure max used GPA is reachable.
937      */
938     maxusedaddr = pc_max_used_gpa(pcms, pci_hole64_size);
939     maxphysaddr = ((hwaddr)1 << cpu->phys_bits) - 1;
940     if (maxphysaddr < maxusedaddr) {
941         error_report("Address space limit 0x%"PRIx64" < 0x%"PRIx64
942                      " phys-bits too low (%u)",
943                      maxphysaddr, maxusedaddr, cpu->phys_bits);
944         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
945     }
946 
947     /*
948      * Split single memory region and use aliases to address portions of it,
949      * done for backwards compatibility with older qemus.
950      */
951     ram_below_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_below_4g));
952     memory_region_init_alias(ram_below_4g, NULL, "ram-below-4g", machine->ram,
953                              0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size);
954     memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, 0, ram_below_4g);
955     e820_add_entry(0, x86ms->below_4g_mem_size, E820_RAM);
956     if (x86ms->above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
957         ram_above_4g = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram_above_4g));
958         memory_region_init_alias(ram_above_4g, NULL, "ram-above-4g",
959                                  machine->ram,
960                                  x86ms->below_4g_mem_size,
961                                  x86ms->above_4g_mem_size);
962         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, x86ms->above_4g_mem_start,
963                                     ram_above_4g);
964         e820_add_entry(x86ms->above_4g_mem_start, x86ms->above_4g_mem_size,
965                        E820_RAM);
966     }
967 
968     if (pcms->sgx_epc.size != 0) {
969         e820_add_entry(pcms->sgx_epc.base, pcms->sgx_epc.size, E820_RESERVED);
970     }
971 
972     if (!pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
973         (machine->ram_slots ||
974          (machine->maxram_size > machine->ram_size))) {
975 
976         error_report("\"-memory 'slots|maxmem'\" is not supported by: %s",
977                      mc->name);
978         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
979     }
980 
981     /* initialize device memory address space */
982     if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory &&
983         (machine->ram_size < machine->maxram_size)) {
984         ram_addr_t device_mem_size;
985         hwaddr device_mem_base;
986 
987         if (machine->ram_slots > ACPI_MAX_RAM_SLOTS) {
988             error_report("unsupported amount of memory slots: %"PRIu64,
989                          machine->ram_slots);
990             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
991         }
992 
993         if (QEMU_ALIGN_UP(machine->maxram_size,
994                           TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) != machine->maxram_size) {
995             error_report("maximum memory size must by aligned to multiple of "
996                          "%d bytes", TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
997             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
998         }
999 
1000         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &device_mem_base, &device_mem_size);
1001 
1002         if (device_mem_base + device_mem_size < device_mem_size) {
1003             error_report("unsupported amount of maximum memory: " RAM_ADDR_FMT,
1004                          machine->maxram_size);
1005             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1006         }
1007         machine_memory_devices_init(machine, device_mem_base, device_mem_size);
1008     }
1009 
1010     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1011         MemoryRegion *mr = &pcms->cxl_devices_state.host_mr;
1012         hwaddr cxl_size = MiB;
1013 
1014         cxl_base = pc_get_cxl_range_start(pcms);
1015         memory_region_init(mr, OBJECT(machine), "cxl_host_reg", cxl_size);
1016         memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, cxl_base, mr);
1017         cxl_resv_end = cxl_base + cxl_size;
1018         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows) {
1019             hwaddr cxl_fmw_base;
1020             GList *it;
1021 
1022             cxl_fmw_base = ROUND_UP(cxl_base + cxl_size, 256 * MiB);
1023             for (it = pcms->cxl_devices_state.fixed_windows; it; it = it->next) {
1024                 CXLFixedWindow *fw = it->data;
1025 
1026                 fw->base = cxl_fmw_base;
1027                 memory_region_init_io(&fw->mr, OBJECT(machine), &cfmws_ops, fw,
1028                                       "cxl-fixed-memory-region", fw->size);
1029                 memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, fw->base, &fw->mr);
1030                 cxl_fmw_base += fw->size;
1031                 cxl_resv_end = cxl_fmw_base;
1032             }
1033         }
1034     }
1035 
1036     /* Initialize PC system firmware */
1037     pc_system_firmware_init(pcms, rom_memory);
1038 
1039     option_rom_mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*option_rom_mr));
1040     memory_region_init_ram(option_rom_mr, NULL, "pc.rom", PC_ROM_SIZE,
1041                            &error_fatal);
1042     if (pcmc->pci_enabled) {
1043         memory_region_set_readonly(option_rom_mr, true);
1044     }
1045     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(rom_memory,
1046                                         PC_ROM_MIN_VGA,
1047                                         option_rom_mr,
1048                                         1);
1049 
1050     fw_cfg = fw_cfg_arch_create(machine,
1051                                 x86ms->boot_cpus, x86ms->apic_id_limit);
1052 
1053     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
1054 
1055     if (machine->device_memory) {
1056         uint64_t *val = g_malloc(sizeof(*val));
1057         uint64_t res_mem_end = machine->device_memory->base;
1058 
1059         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
1060             res_mem_end += memory_region_size(&machine->device_memory->mr);
1061         }
1062 
1063         if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1064             res_mem_end = cxl_resv_end;
1065         }
1066         *val = cpu_to_le64(ROUND_UP(res_mem_end, 1 * GiB));
1067         fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, "etc/reserved-memory-end", val, sizeof(*val));
1068     }
1069 
1070     if (linux_boot) {
1071         x86_load_linux(x86ms, fw_cfg, pcmc->acpi_data_size,
1072                        pcmc->pvh_enabled);
1073     }
1074 
1075     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
1076         rom_add_option(option_rom[i].name, option_rom[i].bootindex);
1077     }
1078     x86ms->fw_cfg = fw_cfg;
1079 
1080     /* Init default IOAPIC address space */
1081     x86ms->ioapic_as = &address_space_memory;
1082 
1083     /* Init ACPI memory hotplug IO base address */
1084     pcms->memhp_io_base = ACPI_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_BASE;
1085 }
1086 
1087 /*
1088  * The 64bit pci hole starts after "above 4G RAM" and
1089  * potentially the space reserved for memory hotplug.
1090  */
1091 uint64_t pc_pci_hole64_start(void)
1092 {
1093     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
1094     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1095     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(pcms);
1096     uint64_t hole64_start = 0;
1097     ram_addr_t size = 0;
1098 
1099     if (pcms->cxl_devices_state.is_enabled) {
1100         hole64_start = pc_get_cxl_range_end(pcms);
1101     } else if (pcmc->has_reserved_memory && (ms->ram_size < ms->maxram_size)) {
1102         pc_get_device_memory_range(pcms, &hole64_start, &size);
1103         if (!pcmc->broken_reserved_end) {
1104             hole64_start += size;
1105         }
1106     } else {
1107         hole64_start = pc_above_4g_end(pcms);
1108     }
1109 
1110     return ROUND_UP(hole64_start, 1 * GiB);
1111 }
1112 
1113 DeviceState *pc_vga_init(ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
1114 {
1115     DeviceState *dev = NULL;
1116 
1117     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_VGA);
1118     if (pci_bus) {
1119         PCIDevice *pcidev = pci_vga_init(pci_bus);
1120         dev = pcidev ? &pcidev->qdev : NULL;
1121     } else if (isa_bus) {
1122         ISADevice *isadev = isa_vga_init(isa_bus);
1123         dev = isadev ? DEVICE(isadev) : NULL;
1124     }
1125     rom_reset_order_override();
1126     return dev;
1127 }
1128 
1129 static const MemoryRegionOps ioport80_io_ops = {
1130     .write = ioport80_write,
1131     .read = ioport80_read,
1132     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1133     .impl = {
1134         .min_access_size = 1,
1135         .max_access_size = 1,
1136     },
1137 };
1138 
1139 static const MemoryRegionOps ioportF0_io_ops = {
1140     .write = ioportF0_write,
1141     .read = ioportF0_read,
1142     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1143     .impl = {
1144         .min_access_size = 1,
1145         .max_access_size = 1,
1146     },
1147 };
1148 
1149 static void pc_superio_init(ISABus *isa_bus, bool create_fdctrl,
1150                             bool create_i8042, bool no_vmport)
1151 {
1152     int i;
1153     DriveInfo *fd[MAX_FD];
1154     qemu_irq *a20_line;
1155     ISADevice *fdc, *i8042, *port92, *vmmouse;
1156 
1157     serial_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, 0, MAX_ISA_SERIAL_PORTS);
1158     parallel_hds_isa_init(isa_bus, MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS);
1159 
1160     for (i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1161         fd[i] = drive_get(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1162         create_fdctrl |= !!fd[i];
1163     }
1164     if (create_fdctrl) {
1165         fdc = isa_new(TYPE_ISA_FDC);
1166         if (fdc) {
1167             isa_realize_and_unref(fdc, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1168             isa_fdc_init_drives(fdc, fd);
1169         }
1170     }
1171 
1172     if (!create_i8042) {
1173         return;
1174     }
1175 
1176     i8042 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_I8042);
1177     if (!no_vmport) {
1178         isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_VMPORT);
1179         vmmouse = isa_try_new("vmmouse");
1180     } else {
1181         vmmouse = NULL;
1182     }
1183     if (vmmouse) {
1184         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(vmmouse), TYPE_I8042, OBJECT(i8042),
1185                                  &error_abort);
1186         isa_realize_and_unref(vmmouse, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1187     }
1188     port92 = isa_create_simple(isa_bus, TYPE_PORT92);
1189 
1190     a20_line = qemu_allocate_irqs(handle_a20_line_change, first_cpu, 2);
1191     i8042_setup_a20_line(i8042, a20_line[0]);
1192     qdev_connect_gpio_out_named(DEVICE(port92),
1193                                 PORT92_A20_LINE, 0, a20_line[1]);
1194     g_free(a20_line);
1195 }
1196 
1197 void pc_basic_device_init(struct PCMachineState *pcms,
1198                           ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
1199                           ISADevice *rtc_state,
1200                           bool create_fdctrl,
1201                           uint32_t hpet_irqs)
1202 {
1203     int i;
1204     DeviceState *hpet = NULL;
1205     int pit_isa_irq = 0;
1206     qemu_irq pit_alt_irq = NULL;
1207     ISADevice *pit = NULL;
1208     MemoryRegion *ioport80_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1209     MemoryRegion *ioportF0_io = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
1210     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(pcms);
1211 
1212     memory_region_init_io(ioport80_io, NULL, &ioport80_io_ops, NULL, "ioport80", 1);
1213     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0x80, ioport80_io);
1214 
1215     memory_region_init_io(ioportF0_io, NULL, &ioportF0_io_ops, NULL, "ioportF0", 1);
1216     memory_region_add_subregion(isa_bus->address_space_io, 0xf0, ioportF0_io);
1217 
1218     /*
1219      * Check if an HPET shall be created.
1220      */
1221     if (pcms->hpet_enabled) {
1222         qemu_irq rtc_irq;
1223 
1224         hpet = qdev_try_new(TYPE_HPET);
1225         if (!hpet) {
1226             error_report("couldn't create HPET device");
1227             exit(1);
1228         }
1229         /*
1230          * For pc-piix-*, hpet's intcap is always IRQ2. For pc-q35-*,
1231          * use IRQ16~23, IRQ8 and IRQ2.  If the user has already set
1232          * the property, use whatever mask they specified.
1233          */
1234         uint8_t compat = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(hpet),
1235                 HPET_INTCAP, NULL);
1236         if (!compat) {
1237             qdev_prop_set_uint32(hpet, HPET_INTCAP, hpet_irqs);
1238         }
1239         sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), &error_fatal);
1240         sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), 0, HPET_BASE);
1241 
1242         for (i = 0; i < IOAPIC_NUM_PINS; i++) {
1243             sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(hpet), i, gsi[i]);
1244         }
1245         pit_isa_irq = -1;
1246         pit_alt_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_PIT_INT);
1247         rtc_irq = qdev_get_gpio_in(hpet, HPET_LEGACY_RTC_INT);
1248 
1249         /* overwrite connection created by south bridge */
1250         qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(rtc_state), 0, rtc_irq);
1251     }
1252 
1253     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "rtc-time", OBJECT(rtc_state),
1254                               "date");
1255 
1256 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_EMU
1257     if (xen_mode == XEN_EMULATE) {
1258         xen_overlay_create();
1259         xen_evtchn_create(IOAPIC_NUM_PINS, gsi);
1260         xen_gnttab_create();
1261         xen_xenstore_create();
1262         if (pcms->bus) {
1263             pci_create_simple(pcms->bus, -1, "xen-platform");
1264         }
1265         pcms->xenbus = xen_bus_init();
1266         xen_be_init();
1267     }
1268 #endif
1269 
1270     qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set, rtc_state);
1271 
1272     if (!xen_enabled() &&
1273         (x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO || x86ms->pit == ON_OFF_AUTO_ON)) {
1274         if (kvm_pit_in_kernel()) {
1275             pit = kvm_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40);
1276         } else {
1277             pit = i8254_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40, pit_isa_irq, pit_alt_irq);
1278         }
1279         if (hpet) {
1280             /* connect PIT to output control line of the HPET */
1281             qdev_connect_gpio_out(hpet, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(pit), 0));
1282         }
1283         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "pit",
1284                                  OBJECT(pit), &error_fatal);
1285         isa_realize_and_unref(pcms->pcspk, isa_bus, &error_fatal);
1286     }
1287 
1288     /* Super I/O */
1289     pc_superio_init(isa_bus, create_fdctrl, pcms->i8042_enabled,
1290                     pcms->vmport != ON_OFF_AUTO_ON);
1291 }
1292 
1293 void pc_nic_init(PCMachineClass *pcmc, ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus,
1294                  BusState *xen_bus)
1295 {
1296     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(pcmc);
1297     int i;
1298 
1299     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_NIC);
1300     for (i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
1301         NICInfo *nd = &nd_table[i];
1302         const char *model = nd->model ? nd->model : mc->default_nic;
1303 
1304         if (xen_bus && (!nd->model || g_str_equal(model, "xen-net-device"))) {
1305             DeviceState *dev = qdev_new("xen-net-device");
1306             qdev_set_nic_properties(dev, nd);
1307             qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, xen_bus, &error_fatal);
1308         } else if (g_str_equal(model, "ne2k_isa")) {
1309             pc_init_ne2k_isa(isa_bus, nd);
1310         } else {
1311             pci_nic_init_nofail(nd, pci_bus, model, NULL);
1312         }
1313     }
1314     rom_reset_order_override();
1315 }
1316 
1317 void pc_i8259_create(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *i8259_irqs)
1318 {
1319     qemu_irq *i8259;
1320 
1321     if (kvm_pic_in_kernel()) {
1322         i8259 = kvm_i8259_init(isa_bus);
1323     } else if (xen_enabled()) {
1324         i8259 = xen_interrupt_controller_init();
1325     } else {
1326         i8259 = i8259_init(isa_bus, x86_allocate_cpu_irq());
1327     }
1328 
1329     for (size_t i = 0; i < ISA_NUM_IRQS; i++) {
1330         i8259_irqs[i] = i8259[i];
1331     }
1332 
1333     g_free(i8259);
1334 }
1335 
1336 static void pc_memory_pre_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev, DeviceState *dev,
1337                                Error **errp)
1338 {
1339     const PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1340     const X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1341     const PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1342     const MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1343     const bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1344     const uint64_t legacy_align = TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
1345     Error *local_err = NULL;
1346 
1347     /*
1348      * When -no-acpi is used with Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1349      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1350      * addition to cover this case.
1351      */
1352     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1353         error_setg(errp,
1354                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1355         return;
1356     }
1357 
1358     if (is_nvdimm && !ms->nvdimms_state->is_enabled) {
1359         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm is not enabled: missing 'nvdimm' in '-M'");
1360         return;
1361     }
1362 
1363     hotplug_handler_pre_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1364     if (local_err) {
1365         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1366         return;
1367     }
1368 
1369     pc_dimm_pre_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev),
1370                      pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm ? NULL : &legacy_align, errp);
1371 }
1372 
1373 static void pc_memory_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1374                            DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1375 {
1376     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1377     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1378     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1379     bool is_nvdimm = object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM);
1380 
1381     pc_dimm_plug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1382 
1383     if (is_nvdimm) {
1384         nvdimm_plug(ms->nvdimms_state);
1385     }
1386 
1387     hotplug_handler_plug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &error_abort);
1388 }
1389 
1390 static void pc_memory_unplug_request(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1391                                      DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1392 {
1393     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1394 
1395     /*
1396      * When -no-acpi is used with Q35 machine type, no ACPI is built,
1397      * but pcms->acpi_dev is still created. Check !acpi_enabled in
1398      * addition to cover this case.
1399      */
1400     if (!x86ms->acpi_dev || !x86_machine_is_acpi_enabled(x86ms)) {
1401         error_setg(errp,
1402                    "memory hotplug is not enabled: missing acpi device or acpi disabled");
1403         return;
1404     }
1405 
1406     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_NVDIMM)) {
1407         error_setg(errp, "nvdimm device hot unplug is not supported yet.");
1408         return;
1409     }
1410 
1411     hotplug_handler_unplug_request(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev,
1412                                    errp);
1413 }
1414 
1415 static void pc_memory_unplug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1416                              DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1417 {
1418     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1419     X86MachineState *x86ms = X86_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1420     Error *local_err = NULL;
1421 
1422     hotplug_handler_unplug(x86ms->acpi_dev, dev, &local_err);
1423     if (local_err) {
1424         goto out;
1425     }
1426 
1427     pc_dimm_unplug(PC_DIMM(dev), MACHINE(pcms));
1428     qdev_unrealize(dev);
1429  out:
1430     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1431 }
1432 
1433 static void pc_hv_balloon_pre_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1434                                    DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1435 {
1436     /* The vmbus handler has no hotplug handler; we should never end up here. */
1437     g_assert(!dev->hotplugged);
1438     memory_device_pre_plug(MEMORY_DEVICE(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), NULL,
1439                            errp);
1440 }
1441 
1442 static void pc_hv_balloon_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1443                                DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1444 {
1445     memory_device_plug(MEMORY_DEVICE(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev));
1446 }
1447 
1448 static void pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1449                                           DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1450 {
1451     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1452         pc_memory_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1453     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1454         x86_cpu_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1455     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1456         virtio_md_pci_pre_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1457     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1458         /* Declare the APIC range as the reserved MSI region */
1459         char *resv_prop_str = g_strdup_printf("0xfee00000:0xfeefffff:%d",
1460                                               VIRTIO_IOMMU_RESV_MEM_T_MSI);
1461         QList *reserved_regions = qlist_new();
1462 
1463         qlist_append_str(reserved_regions, resv_prop_str);
1464         qdev_prop_set_array(dev, "reserved-regions", reserved_regions);
1465 
1466         g_free(resv_prop_str);
1467     }
1468 
1469     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE) ||
1470         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI)) {
1471         PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
1472 
1473         if (pcms->iommu) {
1474             error_setg(errp, "QEMU does not support multiple vIOMMUs "
1475                        "for x86 yet.");
1476             return;
1477         }
1478         pcms->iommu = dev;
1479     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON)) {
1480         pc_hv_balloon_pre_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1481     }
1482 }
1483 
1484 static void pc_machine_device_plug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1485                                       DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1486 {
1487     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1488         pc_memory_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1489     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1490         x86_cpu_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1491     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1492         virtio_md_pci_plug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1493     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON)) {
1494         pc_hv_balloon_plug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1495     }
1496 }
1497 
1498 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1499                                                 DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1500 {
1501     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1502         pc_memory_unplug_request(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1503     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1504         x86_cpu_unplug_request_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1505     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1506         virtio_md_pci_unplug_request(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev),
1507                                      errp);
1508     } else {
1509         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug request for not supported device"
1510                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1511     }
1512 }
1513 
1514 static void pc_machine_device_unplug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
1515                                         DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1516 {
1517     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM)) {
1518         pc_memory_unplug(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1519     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU)) {
1520         x86_cpu_unplug_cb(hotplug_dev, dev, errp);
1521     } else if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI)) {
1522         virtio_md_pci_unplug(VIRTIO_MD_PCI(dev), MACHINE(hotplug_dev), errp);
1523     } else {
1524         error_setg(errp, "acpi: device unplug for not supported device"
1525                    " type: %s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
1526     }
1527 }
1528 
1529 static HotplugHandler *pc_get_hotplug_handler(MachineState *machine,
1530                                              DeviceState *dev)
1531 {
1532     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_PC_DIMM) ||
1533         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_CPU) ||
1534         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_MD_PCI) ||
1535         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_VIRTIO_IOMMU_PCI) ||
1536         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_HV_BALLOON) ||
1537         object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev), TYPE_X86_IOMMU_DEVICE)) {
1538         return HOTPLUG_HANDLER(machine);
1539     }
1540 
1541     return NULL;
1542 }
1543 
1544 static void pc_machine_get_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1545                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1546 {
1547     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1548     OnOffAuto vmport = pcms->vmport;
1549 
1550     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &vmport, errp);
1551 }
1552 
1553 static void pc_machine_set_vmport(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1554                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
1555 {
1556     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1557 
1558     visit_type_OnOffAuto(v, name, &pcms->vmport, errp);
1559 }
1560 
1561 static bool pc_machine_get_smbus(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1562 {
1563     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1564 
1565     return pcms->smbus_enabled;
1566 }
1567 
1568 static void pc_machine_set_smbus(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1569 {
1570     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1571 
1572     pcms->smbus_enabled = value;
1573 }
1574 
1575 static bool pc_machine_get_sata(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1576 {
1577     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1578 
1579     return pcms->sata_enabled;
1580 }
1581 
1582 static void pc_machine_set_sata(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1583 {
1584     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1585 
1586     pcms->sata_enabled = value;
1587 }
1588 
1589 static bool pc_machine_get_hpet(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1590 {
1591     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1592 
1593     return pcms->hpet_enabled;
1594 }
1595 
1596 static void pc_machine_set_hpet(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1597 {
1598     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1599 
1600     pcms->hpet_enabled = value;
1601 }
1602 
1603 static bool pc_machine_get_i8042(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1604 {
1605     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1606 
1607     return pcms->i8042_enabled;
1608 }
1609 
1610 static void pc_machine_set_i8042(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
1611 {
1612     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1613 
1614     pcms->i8042_enabled = value;
1615 }
1616 
1617 static bool pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, Error **errp)
1618 {
1619     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1620 
1621     return pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu;
1622 }
1623 
1624 static void pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu(Object *obj, bool value,
1625                                                     Error **errp)
1626 {
1627     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1628 
1629     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = value;
1630 }
1631 
1632 static void pc_machine_get_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1633                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1634 {
1635     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1636     SmbiosEntryPointType smbios_entry_point_type = pcms->smbios_entry_point_type;
1637 
1638     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1639 }
1640 
1641 static void pc_machine_set_smbios_ep(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
1642                                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
1643 {
1644     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1645 
1646     visit_type_SmbiosEntryPointType(v, name, &pcms->smbios_entry_point_type, errp);
1647 }
1648 
1649 static void pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1650                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1651                                             Error **errp)
1652 {
1653     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1654     uint64_t value = pcms->max_ram_below_4g;
1655 
1656     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1657 }
1658 
1659 static void pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1660                                             const char *name, void *opaque,
1661                                             Error **errp)
1662 {
1663     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1664     uint64_t value;
1665 
1666     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1667         return;
1668     }
1669     if (value > 4 * GiB) {
1670         error_setg(errp,
1671                    "Machine option 'max-ram-below-4g=%"PRIu64
1672                    "' expects size less than or equal to 4G", value);
1673         return;
1674     }
1675 
1676     if (value < 1 * MiB) {
1677         warn_report("Only %" PRIu64 " bytes of RAM below the 4GiB boundary,"
1678                     "BIOS may not work with less than 1MiB", value);
1679     }
1680 
1681     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = value;
1682 }
1683 
1684 static void pc_machine_get_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1685                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1686                                        Error **errp)
1687 {
1688     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1689     uint64_t value = pcms->max_fw_size;
1690 
1691     visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
1692 }
1693 
1694 static void pc_machine_set_max_fw_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
1695                                        const char *name, void *opaque,
1696                                        Error **errp)
1697 {
1698     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1699     uint64_t value;
1700 
1701     if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
1702         return;
1703     }
1704 
1705     /*
1706      * We don't have a theoretically justifiable exact lower bound on the base
1707      * address of any flash mapping. In practice, the IO-APIC MMIO range is
1708      * [0xFEE00000..0xFEE01000] -- see IO_APIC_DEFAULT_ADDRESS --, leaving free
1709      * only 18MiB-4KiB below 4GiB. For now, restrict the cumulative mapping to
1710      * 16MiB in size.
1711      */
1712     if (value > 16 * MiB) {
1713         error_setg(errp,
1714                    "User specified max allowed firmware size %" PRIu64 " is "
1715                    "greater than 16MiB. If combined firmware size exceeds "
1716                    "16MiB the system may not boot, or experience intermittent"
1717                    "stability issues.",
1718                    value);
1719         return;
1720     }
1721 
1722     pcms->max_fw_size = value;
1723 }
1724 
1725 
1726 static void pc_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
1727 {
1728     PCMachineState *pcms = PC_MACHINE(obj);
1729     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(pcms);
1730 
1731 #ifdef CONFIG_VMPORT
1732     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO;
1733 #else
1734     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_OFF;
1735 #endif /* CONFIG_VMPORT */
1736     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = 0; /* use default */
1737     pcms->smbios_entry_point_type = pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type;
1738     pcms->south_bridge = pcmc->default_south_bridge;
1739 
1740     /* acpi build is enabled by default if machine supports it */
1741     pcms->acpi_build_enabled = pcmc->has_acpi_build;
1742     pcms->smbus_enabled = true;
1743     pcms->sata_enabled = true;
1744     pcms->i8042_enabled = true;
1745     pcms->max_fw_size = 8 * MiB;
1746 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET
1747     pcms->hpet_enabled = true;
1748 #endif
1749     pcms->default_bus_bypass_iommu = false;
1750 
1751     pc_system_flash_create(pcms);
1752     pcms->pcspk = isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER);
1753     object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "pcspk-audiodev",
1754                               OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "audiodev");
1755     cxl_machine_init(obj, &pcms->cxl_devices_state);
1756 }
1757 
1758 int pc_machine_kvm_type(MachineState *machine, const char *kvm_type)
1759 {
1760     return 0;
1761 }
1762 
1763 static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
1764 {
1765     CPUState *cs;
1766     X86CPU *cpu;
1767 
1768     qemu_devices_reset(reason);
1769 
1770     /* Reset APIC after devices have been reset to cancel
1771      * any changes that qemu_devices_reset() might have done.
1772      */
1773     CPU_FOREACH(cs) {
1774         cpu = X86_CPU(cs);
1775 
1776         x86_cpu_after_reset(cpu);
1777     }
1778 }
1779 
1780 static void pc_machine_wakeup(MachineState *machine)
1781 {
1782     cpu_synchronize_all_states();
1783     pc_machine_reset(machine, SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
1784     cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
1785 }
1786 
1787 static bool pc_hotplug_allowed(MachineState *ms, DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
1788 {
1789     X86IOMMUState *iommu = x86_iommu_get_default();
1790     IntelIOMMUState *intel_iommu;
1791 
1792     if (iommu &&
1793         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)iommu, TYPE_INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE) &&
1794         object_dynamic_cast((Object *)dev, "vfio-pci")) {
1795         intel_iommu = INTEL_IOMMU_DEVICE(iommu);
1796         if (!intel_iommu->caching_mode) {
1797             error_setg(errp, "Device assignment is not allowed without "
1798                        "enabling caching-mode=on for Intel IOMMU.");
1799             return false;
1800         }
1801     }
1802 
1803     return true;
1804 }
1805 
1806 static void pc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
1807 {
1808     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1809     PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1810     HotplugHandlerClass *hc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_CLASS(oc);
1811 
1812     pcmc->pci_enabled = true;
1813     pcmc->has_acpi_build = true;
1814     pcmc->rsdp_in_ram = true;
1815     pcmc->smbios_defaults = true;
1816     pcmc->smbios_uuid_encoded = true;
1817     pcmc->gigabyte_align = true;
1818     pcmc->has_reserved_memory = true;
1819     pcmc->kvmclock_enabled = true;
1820     pcmc->enforce_aligned_dimm = true;
1821     pcmc->enforce_amd_1tb_hole = true;
1822     /* BIOS ACPI tables: 128K. Other BIOS datastructures: less than 4K reported
1823      * to be used at the moment, 32K should be enough for a while.  */
1824     pcmc->acpi_data_size = 0x20000 + 0x8000;
1825     pcmc->pvh_enabled = true;
1826     pcmc->kvmclock_create_always = true;
1827     pcmc->resizable_acpi_blob = true;
1828     assert(!mc->get_hotplug_handler);
1829     mc->get_hotplug_handler = pc_get_hotplug_handler;
1830     mc->hotplug_allowed = pc_hotplug_allowed;
1831     mc->cpu_index_to_instance_props = x86_cpu_index_to_props;
1832     mc->get_default_cpu_node_id = x86_get_default_cpu_node_id;
1833     mc->possible_cpu_arch_ids = x86_possible_cpu_arch_ids;
1834     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memhp = true;
1835     mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memdev = true;
1836     mc->has_hotpluggable_cpus = true;
1837     mc->default_boot_order = "cad";
1838     mc->block_default_type = IF_IDE;
1839     mc->max_cpus = 255;
1840     mc->reset = pc_machine_reset;
1841     mc->wakeup = pc_machine_wakeup;
1842     hc->pre_plug = pc_machine_device_pre_plug_cb;
1843     hc->plug = pc_machine_device_plug_cb;
1844     hc->unplug_request = pc_machine_device_unplug_request_cb;
1845     hc->unplug = pc_machine_device_unplug_cb;
1846     mc->default_cpu_type = TARGET_DEFAULT_CPU_TYPE;
1847     mc->nvdimm_supported = true;
1848     mc->smp_props.dies_supported = true;
1849     mc->default_ram_id = "pc.ram";
1850     pcmc->default_smbios_ep_type = SMBIOS_ENTRY_POINT_TYPE_64;
1851 
1852     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G, "size",
1853         pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g, pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g,
1854         NULL, NULL);
1855     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G,
1856         "Maximum ram below the 4G boundary (32bit boundary)");
1857 
1858     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT, "OnOffAuto",
1859         pc_machine_get_vmport, pc_machine_set_vmport,
1860         NULL, NULL);
1861     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT,
1862         "Enable vmport (pc & q35)");
1863 
1864     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1865         pc_machine_get_smbus, pc_machine_set_smbus);
1866     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBUS,
1867         "Enable/disable system management bus");
1868 
1869     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1870         pc_machine_get_sata, pc_machine_set_sata);
1871     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SATA,
1872         "Enable/disable Serial ATA bus");
1873 
1874     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "hpet",
1875         pc_machine_get_hpet, pc_machine_set_hpet);
1876     object_class_property_set_description(oc, "hpet",
1877         "Enable/disable high precision event timer emulation");
1878 
1879     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, PC_MACHINE_I8042,
1880         pc_machine_get_i8042, pc_machine_set_i8042);
1881 
1882     object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "default-bus-bypass-iommu",
1883         pc_machine_get_default_bus_bypass_iommu,
1884         pc_machine_set_default_bus_bypass_iommu);
1885 
1886     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE, "size",
1887         pc_machine_get_max_fw_size, pc_machine_set_max_fw_size,
1888         NULL, NULL);
1889     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_MAX_FW_SIZE,
1890         "Maximum combined firmware size");
1891 
1892     object_class_property_add(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP, "str",
1893         pc_machine_get_smbios_ep, pc_machine_set_smbios_ep,
1894         NULL, NULL);
1895     object_class_property_set_description(oc, PC_MACHINE_SMBIOS_EP,
1896         "SMBIOS Entry Point type [32, 64]");
1897 }
1898 
1899 static const TypeInfo pc_machine_info = {
1900     .name = TYPE_PC_MACHINE,
1901     .parent = TYPE_X86_MACHINE,
1902     .abstract = true,
1903     .instance_size = sizeof(PCMachineState),
1904     .instance_init = pc_machine_initfn,
1905     .class_size = sizeof(PCMachineClass),
1906     .class_init = pc_machine_class_init,
1907     .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
1908          { TYPE_HOTPLUG_HANDLER },
1909          { }
1910     },
1911 };
1912 
1913 static void pc_machine_register_types(void)
1914 {
1915     type_register_static(&pc_machine_info);
1916 }
1917 
1918 type_init(pc_machine_register_types)
1919