xref: /qemu/hw/m68k/q800.c (revision 654d6b04)
1 /*
2  * QEMU Motorla 680x0 Macintosh hardware System Emulator
3  *
4  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
5  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
6  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
7  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
8  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
9  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
10  *
11  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
12  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
13  *
14  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
16  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
17  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
18  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
19  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
20  * THE SOFTWARE.
21  */
22 
23 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
24 #include "qemu/units.h"
25 #include "qemu-common.h"
26 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
27 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
28 #include "cpu.h"
29 #include "hw/boards.h"
30 #include "hw/or-irq.h"
31 #include "elf.h"
32 #include "hw/loader.h"
33 #include "ui/console.h"
34 #include "hw/char/escc.h"
35 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
36 #include "hw/scsi/esp.h"
37 #include "standard-headers/asm-m68k/bootinfo.h"
38 #include "standard-headers/asm-m68k/bootinfo-mac.h"
39 #include "bootinfo.h"
40 #include "hw/misc/mac_via.h"
41 #include "hw/input/adb.h"
42 #include "hw/nubus/mac-nubus-bridge.h"
43 #include "hw/display/macfb.h"
44 #include "hw/block/swim.h"
45 #include "net/net.h"
46 #include "qapi/error.h"
47 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
48 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
49 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
50 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
51 
52 #define MACROM_ADDR     0x40800000
53 #define MACROM_SIZE     0x00100000
54 
55 #define MACROM_FILENAME "MacROM.bin"
56 
57 #define IO_BASE               0x50000000
58 #define IO_SLICE              0x00040000
59 #define IO_SIZE               0x04000000
60 
61 #define VIA_BASE              (IO_BASE + 0x00000)
62 #define SONIC_PROM_BASE       (IO_BASE + 0x08000)
63 #define SONIC_BASE            (IO_BASE + 0x0a000)
64 #define SCC_BASE              (IO_BASE + 0x0c020)
65 #define ESP_BASE              (IO_BASE + 0x10000)
66 #define ESP_PDMA              (IO_BASE + 0x10100)
67 #define ASC_BASE              (IO_BASE + 0x14000)
68 #define SWIM_BASE             (IO_BASE + 0x1E000)
69 
70 #define SONIC_PROM_SIZE       0x1000
71 
72 /*
73  * the video base, whereas it a Nubus address,
74  * is needed by the kernel to have early display and
75  * thus provided by the bootloader
76  */
77 #define VIDEO_BASE            0xf9001000
78 
79 #define MAC_CLOCK  3686418
80 
81 /*
82  * Slot 0x9 is reserved for use by the in-built framebuffer whilst only
83  * slots 0xc, 0xd and 0xe physically exist on the Quadra 800
84  */
85 #define Q800_NUBUS_SLOTS_AVAILABLE    (BIT(0x9) | BIT(0xc) | BIT(0xd) | \
86                                        BIT(0xe))
87 
88 /*
89  * The GLUE (General Logic Unit) is an Apple custom integrated circuit chip
90  * that performs a variety of functions (RAM management, clock generation, ...).
91  * The GLUE chip receives interrupt requests from various devices,
92  * assign priority to each, and asserts one or more interrupt line to the
93  * CPU.
94  */
95 
96 #define TYPE_GLUE "q800-glue"
97 OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(GLUEState, GLUE)
98 
99 struct GLUEState {
100     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
101     M68kCPU *cpu;
102     uint8_t ipr;
103 };
104 
105 static void GLUE_set_irq(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
106 {
107     GLUEState *s = opaque;
108     int i;
109 
110     if (level) {
111         s->ipr |= 1 << irq;
112     } else {
113         s->ipr &= ~(1 << irq);
114     }
115 
116     for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
117         if ((s->ipr >> i) & 1) {
118             m68k_set_irq_level(s->cpu, i + 1, i + 25);
119             return;
120         }
121     }
122     m68k_set_irq_level(s->cpu, 0, 0);
123 }
124 
125 static void glue_reset(DeviceState *dev)
126 {
127     GLUEState *s = GLUE(dev);
128 
129     s->ipr = 0;
130 }
131 
132 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_glue = {
133     .name = "q800-glue",
134     .version_id = 0,
135     .minimum_version_id = 0,
136     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
137         VMSTATE_UINT8(ipr, GLUEState),
138         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST(),
139     },
140 };
141 
142 /*
143  * If the m68k CPU implemented its inbound irq lines as GPIO lines
144  * rather than via the m68k_set_irq_level() function we would not need
145  * this cpu link property and could instead provide outbound IRQ lines
146  * that the board could wire up to the CPU.
147  */
148 static Property glue_properties[] = {
149     DEFINE_PROP_LINK("cpu", GLUEState, cpu, TYPE_M68K_CPU, M68kCPU *),
150     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
151 };
152 
153 static void glue_init(Object *obj)
154 {
155     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
156 
157     qdev_init_gpio_in(dev, GLUE_set_irq, 8);
158 }
159 
160 static void glue_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
161 {
162     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
163 
164     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_glue;
165     dc->reset = glue_reset;
166     device_class_set_props(dc, glue_properties);
167 }
168 
169 static const TypeInfo glue_info = {
170     .name = TYPE_GLUE,
171     .parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
172     .instance_size = sizeof(GLUEState),
173     .instance_init = glue_init,
174     .class_init = glue_class_init,
175 };
176 
177 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
178 {
179     M68kCPU *cpu = opaque;
180     CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
181 
182     cpu_reset(cs);
183     cpu->env.aregs[7] = ldl_phys(cs->as, 0);
184     cpu->env.pc = ldl_phys(cs->as, 4);
185 }
186 
187 static uint8_t fake_mac_rom[] = {
188     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
189 
190     /* offset: 0xa - mac_reset */
191 
192     /* via2[vDirB] |= VIA2B_vPower */
193     0x20, 0x7C, 0x50, 0xF0, 0x24, 0x00, /* moveal VIA2_BASE+vDirB,%a0 */
194     0x10, 0x10,                         /* moveb %a0@,%d0 */
195     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,             /* orib #4,%d0 */
196     0x10, 0x80,                         /* moveb %d0,%a0@ */
197 
198     /* via2[vBufB] &= ~VIA2B_vPower */
199     0x20, 0x7C, 0x50, 0xF0, 0x20, 0x00, /* moveal VIA2_BASE+vBufB,%a0 */
200     0x10, 0x10,                         /* moveb %a0@,%d0 */
201     0x02, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFB,             /* andib #-5,%d0 */
202     0x10, 0x80,                         /* moveb %d0,%a0@ */
203 
204     /* while (true) ; */
205     0x60, 0xFE                          /* bras [self] */
206 };
207 
208 static void q800_init(MachineState *machine)
209 {
210     M68kCPU *cpu = NULL;
211     int linux_boot;
212     int32_t kernel_size;
213     uint64_t elf_entry;
214     char *filename;
215     int bios_size;
216     ram_addr_t initrd_base;
217     int32_t initrd_size;
218     MemoryRegion *rom;
219     MemoryRegion *io;
220     MemoryRegion *dp8393x_prom = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
221     uint8_t *prom;
222     const int io_slice_nb = (IO_SIZE / IO_SLICE) - 1;
223     int i, checksum;
224     ram_addr_t ram_size = machine->ram_size;
225     const char *kernel_filename = machine->kernel_filename;
226     const char *initrd_filename = machine->initrd_filename;
227     const char *kernel_cmdline = machine->kernel_cmdline;
228     const char *bios_name = machine->firmware ?: MACROM_FILENAME;
229     hwaddr parameters_base;
230     CPUState *cs;
231     DeviceState *dev;
232     DeviceState *via1_dev, *via2_dev;
233     DeviceState *escc_orgate;
234     SysBusESPState *sysbus_esp;
235     ESPState *esp;
236     SysBusDevice *sysbus;
237     BusState *adb_bus;
238     NubusBus *nubus;
239     DeviceState *glue;
240     DriveInfo *dinfo;
241 
242     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
243 
244     if (ram_size > 1 * GiB) {
245         error_report("Too much memory for this machine: %" PRId64 " MiB, "
246                      "maximum 1024 MiB", ram_size / MiB);
247         exit(1);
248     }
249 
250     /* init CPUs */
251     cpu = M68K_CPU(cpu_create(machine->cpu_type));
252     qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, cpu);
253 
254     /* RAM */
255     memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0, machine->ram);
256 
257     /*
258      * Memory from IO_BASE to IO_BASE + IO_SLICE is repeated
259      * from IO_BASE + IO_SLICE to IO_BASE + IO_SIZE
260      */
261     io = g_new(MemoryRegion, io_slice_nb);
262     for (i = 0; i < io_slice_nb; i++) {
263         char *name = g_strdup_printf("mac_m68k.io[%d]", i + 1);
264 
265         memory_region_init_alias(&io[i], NULL, name, get_system_memory(),
266                                  IO_BASE, IO_SLICE);
267         memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(),
268                                     IO_BASE + (i + 1) * IO_SLICE, &io[i]);
269         g_free(name);
270     }
271 
272     /* IRQ Glue */
273     glue = qdev_new(TYPE_GLUE);
274     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(glue), "cpu", OBJECT(cpu), &error_abort);
275     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(glue), &error_fatal);
276 
277     /* VIA 1 */
278     via1_dev = qdev_new(TYPE_MOS6522_Q800_VIA1);
279     dinfo = drive_get(IF_MTD, 0, 0);
280     if (dinfo) {
281         qdev_prop_set_drive(via1_dev, "drive", blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo));
282     }
283     sysbus = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(via1_dev);
284     sysbus_realize_and_unref(sysbus, &error_fatal);
285     sysbus_mmio_map(sysbus, 1, VIA_BASE);
286     sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(glue, 0));
287 
288     adb_bus = qdev_get_child_bus(via1_dev, "adb.0");
289     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_ADB_KEYBOARD);
290     qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, adb_bus, &error_fatal);
291     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_ADB_MOUSE);
292     qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, adb_bus, &error_fatal);
293 
294     /* VIA 2 */
295     via2_dev = qdev_new(TYPE_MOS6522_Q800_VIA2);
296     sysbus = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(via2_dev);
297     sysbus_realize_and_unref(sysbus, &error_fatal);
298     sysbus_mmio_map(sysbus, 1, VIA_BASE + VIA_SIZE);
299     sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(glue, 1));
300 
301     /* MACSONIC */
302 
303     if (nb_nics > 1) {
304         error_report("q800 can only have one ethernet interface");
305         exit(1);
306     }
307 
308     qemu_check_nic_model(&nd_table[0], "dp83932");
309 
310     /*
311      * MacSonic driver needs an Apple MAC address
312      * Valid prefix are:
313      * 00:05:02 Apple
314      * 00:80:19 Dayna Communications, Inc.
315      * 00:A0:40 Apple
316      * 08:00:07 Apple
317      * (Q800 use the last one)
318      */
319     nd_table[0].macaddr.a[0] = 0x08;
320     nd_table[0].macaddr.a[1] = 0x00;
321     nd_table[0].macaddr.a[2] = 0x07;
322 
323     dev = qdev_new("dp8393x");
324     qdev_set_nic_properties(dev, &nd_table[0]);
325     qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "it_shift", 2);
326     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "big_endian", true);
327     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), "dma_mr",
328                              OBJECT(get_system_memory()), &error_abort);
329     sysbus = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
330     sysbus_realize_and_unref(sysbus, &error_fatal);
331     sysbus_mmio_map(sysbus, 0, SONIC_BASE);
332     sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(glue, 2));
333 
334     memory_region_init_rom(dp8393x_prom, NULL, "dp8393x-q800.prom",
335                            SONIC_PROM_SIZE, &error_fatal);
336     memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), SONIC_PROM_BASE,
337                                 dp8393x_prom);
338 
339     /* Add MAC address with valid checksum to PROM */
340     prom = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(dp8393x_prom);
341     checksum = 0;
342     for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
343         prom[i] = revbit8(nd_table[0].macaddr.a[i]);
344         checksum ^= prom[i];
345     }
346     prom[7] = 0xff - checksum;
347 
348     /* SCC */
349 
350     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_ESCC);
351     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "disabled", 0);
352     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "frequency", MAC_CLOCK);
353     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "it_shift", 1);
354     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "bit_swap", true);
355     qdev_prop_set_chr(dev, "chrA", serial_hd(0));
356     qdev_prop_set_chr(dev, "chrB", serial_hd(1));
357     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "chnBtype", 0);
358     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "chnAtype", 0);
359     sysbus = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
360     sysbus_realize_and_unref(sysbus, &error_fatal);
361 
362     /* Logically OR both its IRQs together */
363     escc_orgate = DEVICE(object_new(TYPE_OR_IRQ));
364     object_property_set_int(OBJECT(escc_orgate), "num-lines", 2, &error_fatal);
365     qdev_realize_and_unref(escc_orgate, NULL, &error_fatal);
366     sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(escc_orgate, 0));
367     sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus, 1, qdev_get_gpio_in(escc_orgate, 1));
368     qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(escc_orgate), 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(glue, 3));
369     sysbus_mmio_map(sysbus, 0, SCC_BASE);
370 
371     /* SCSI */
372 
373     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_SYSBUS_ESP);
374     sysbus_esp = SYSBUS_ESP(dev);
375     esp = &sysbus_esp->esp;
376     esp->dma_memory_read = NULL;
377     esp->dma_memory_write = NULL;
378     esp->dma_opaque = NULL;
379     sysbus_esp->it_shift = 4;
380     esp->dma_enabled = 1;
381 
382     sysbus = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
383     sysbus_realize_and_unref(sysbus, &error_fatal);
384     sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(via2_dev,
385                                                    VIA2_IRQ_SCSI_BIT));
386     sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus, 1, qdev_get_gpio_in(via2_dev,
387                                                    VIA2_IRQ_SCSI_DATA_BIT));
388     sysbus_mmio_map(sysbus, 0, ESP_BASE);
389     sysbus_mmio_map(sysbus, 1, ESP_PDMA);
390 
391     scsi_bus_legacy_handle_cmdline(&esp->bus);
392 
393     /* SWIM floppy controller */
394 
395     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_SWIM);
396     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
397     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0, SWIM_BASE);
398 
399     /* NuBus */
400 
401     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_MAC_NUBUS_BRIDGE);
402     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "slot-available-mask",
403                          Q800_NUBUS_SLOTS_AVAILABLE);
404     sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
405     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 0,
406                     MAC_NUBUS_FIRST_SLOT * NUBUS_SUPER_SLOT_SIZE);
407     sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), 1, NUBUS_SLOT_BASE +
408                     MAC_NUBUS_FIRST_SLOT * NUBUS_SLOT_SIZE);
409 
410     for (i = 0; i < VIA2_NUBUS_IRQ_NB; i++) {
411         qdev_connect_gpio_out(dev, 9 + i,
412                               qdev_get_gpio_in_named(via2_dev, "nubus-irq",
413                                                      VIA2_NUBUS_IRQ_9 + i));
414     }
415 
416     nubus = &NUBUS_BRIDGE(dev)->bus;
417 
418     /* framebuffer in nubus slot #9 */
419 
420     dev = qdev_new(TYPE_NUBUS_MACFB);
421     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "width", graphic_width);
422     qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "height", graphic_height);
423     qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "depth", graphic_depth);
424     qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, BUS(nubus), &error_fatal);
425 
426     cs = CPU(cpu);
427     if (linux_boot) {
428         uint64_t high;
429         kernel_size = load_elf(kernel_filename, NULL, NULL, NULL,
430                                &elf_entry, NULL, &high, NULL, 1,
431                                EM_68K, 0, 0);
432         if (kernel_size < 0) {
433             error_report("could not load kernel '%s'", kernel_filename);
434             exit(1);
435         }
436         stl_phys(cs->as, 4, elf_entry); /* reset initial PC */
437         parameters_base = (high + 1) & ~1;
438 
439         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MACHTYPE, MACH_MAC);
440         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_FPUTYPE, FPU_68040);
441         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MMUTYPE, MMU_68040);
442         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_CPUTYPE, CPU_68040);
443         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MAC_CPUID, CPUB_68040);
444         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MAC_MODEL, MAC_MODEL_Q800);
445         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base,
446                   BI_MAC_MEMSIZE, ram_size >> 20); /* in MB */
447         BOOTINFO2(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MEMCHUNK, 0, ram_size);
448         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MAC_VADDR, VIDEO_BASE);
449         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MAC_VDEPTH, graphic_depth);
450         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MAC_VDIM,
451                   (graphic_height << 16) | graphic_width);
452         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MAC_VROW,
453                   (graphic_width * graphic_depth + 7) / 8);
454         BOOTINFO1(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_MAC_SCCBASE, SCC_BASE);
455 
456         rom = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom));
457         memory_region_init_ram_ptr(rom, NULL, "m68k_fake_mac.rom",
458                                    sizeof(fake_mac_rom), fake_mac_rom);
459         memory_region_set_readonly(rom, true);
460         memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), MACROM_ADDR, rom);
461 
462         if (kernel_cmdline) {
463             BOOTINFOSTR(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_COMMAND_LINE,
464                         kernel_cmdline);
465         }
466 
467         /* load initrd */
468         if (initrd_filename) {
469             initrd_size = get_image_size(initrd_filename);
470             if (initrd_size < 0) {
471                 error_report("could not load initial ram disk '%s'",
472                              initrd_filename);
473                 exit(1);
474             }
475 
476             initrd_base = (ram_size - initrd_size) & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
477             load_image_targphys(initrd_filename, initrd_base,
478                                 ram_size - initrd_base);
479             BOOTINFO2(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_RAMDISK, initrd_base,
480                       initrd_size);
481         } else {
482             initrd_base = 0;
483             initrd_size = 0;
484         }
485         BOOTINFO0(cs->as, parameters_base, BI_LAST);
486     } else {
487         uint8_t *ptr;
488         /* allocate and load BIOS */
489         rom = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom));
490         memory_region_init_rom(rom, NULL, "m68k_mac.rom", MACROM_SIZE,
491                                &error_abort);
492         filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, bios_name);
493         memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), MACROM_ADDR, rom);
494 
495         /* Load MacROM binary */
496         if (filename) {
497             bios_size = load_image_targphys(filename, MACROM_ADDR, MACROM_SIZE);
498             g_free(filename);
499         } else {
500             bios_size = -1;
501         }
502 
503         /* Remove qtest_enabled() check once firmware files are in the tree */
504         if (!qtest_enabled()) {
505             if (bios_size < 0 || bios_size > MACROM_SIZE) {
506                 error_report("could not load MacROM '%s'", bios_name);
507                 exit(1);
508             }
509 
510             ptr = rom_ptr(MACROM_ADDR, MACROM_SIZE);
511             stl_phys(cs->as, 0, ldl_p(ptr));    /* reset initial SP */
512             stl_phys(cs->as, 4,
513                      MACROM_ADDR + ldl_p(ptr + 4)); /* reset initial PC */
514         }
515     }
516 }
517 
518 static void q800_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
519 {
520     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
521     mc->desc = "Macintosh Quadra 800";
522     mc->init = q800_init;
523     mc->default_cpu_type = M68K_CPU_TYPE_NAME("m68040");
524     mc->max_cpus = 1;
525     mc->block_default_type = IF_SCSI;
526     mc->default_ram_id = "m68k_mac.ram";
527 }
528 
529 static const TypeInfo q800_machine_typeinfo = {
530     .name       = MACHINE_TYPE_NAME("q800"),
531     .parent     = TYPE_MACHINE,
532     .class_init = q800_machine_class_init,
533 };
534 
535 static void q800_machine_register_types(void)
536 {
537     type_register_static(&q800_machine_typeinfo);
538     type_register_static(&glue_info);
539 }
540 
541 type_init(q800_machine_register_types)
542