xref: /qemu/include/block/block_int-common.h (revision 6894ee2b)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator block driver
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 #ifndef BLOCK_INT_COMMON_H
25 #define BLOCK_INT_COMMON_H
26 
27 #include "block/accounting.h"
28 #include "block/block.h"
29 #include "block/aio-wait.h"
30 #include "qemu/queue.h"
31 #include "qemu/coroutine.h"
32 #include "qemu/stats64.h"
33 #include "qemu/timer.h"
34 #include "qemu/hbitmap.h"
35 #include "block/snapshot.h"
36 #include "qemu/throttle.h"
37 #include "qemu/rcu.h"
38 
39 #define BLOCK_FLAG_LAZY_REFCOUNTS   8
40 
41 #define BLOCK_OPT_SIZE              "size"
42 #define BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT           "encryption"
43 #define BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT    "encrypt.format"
44 #define BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6           "compat6"
45 #define BLOCK_OPT_HWVERSION         "hwversion"
46 #define BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE      "backing_file"
47 #define BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT       "backing_fmt"
48 #define BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE      "cluster_size"
49 #define BLOCK_OPT_TABLE_SIZE        "table_size"
50 #define BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC          "preallocation"
51 #define BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT            "subformat"
52 #define BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT_LEVEL      "compat"
53 #define BLOCK_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS    "lazy_refcounts"
54 #define BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE      "adapter_type"
55 #define BLOCK_OPT_REDUNDANCY        "redundancy"
56 #define BLOCK_OPT_NOCOW             "nocow"
57 #define BLOCK_OPT_EXTENT_SIZE_HINT  "extent_size_hint"
58 #define BLOCK_OPT_OBJECT_SIZE       "object_size"
59 #define BLOCK_OPT_REFCOUNT_BITS     "refcount_bits"
60 #define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE         "data_file"
61 #define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE_RAW     "data_file_raw"
62 #define BLOCK_OPT_COMPRESSION_TYPE  "compression_type"
63 #define BLOCK_OPT_EXTL2             "extended_l2"
64 
65 #define BLOCK_PROBE_BUF_SIZE        512
66 
67 enum BdrvTrackedRequestType {
68     BDRV_TRACKED_READ,
69     BDRV_TRACKED_WRITE,
70     BDRV_TRACKED_DISCARD,
71     BDRV_TRACKED_TRUNCATE,
72 };
73 
74 /*
75  * That is not quite good that BdrvTrackedRequest structure is public,
76  * as block/io.c is very careful about incoming offset/bytes being
77  * correct. Be sure to assert bdrv_check_request() succeeded after any
78  * modification of BdrvTrackedRequest object out of block/io.c
79  */
80 typedef struct BdrvTrackedRequest {
81     BlockDriverState *bs;
82     int64_t offset;
83     int64_t bytes;
84     enum BdrvTrackedRequestType type;
85 
86     bool serialising;
87     int64_t overlap_offset;
88     int64_t overlap_bytes;
89 
90     QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvTrackedRequest) list;
91     Coroutine *co; /* owner, used for deadlock detection */
92     CoQueue wait_queue; /* coroutines blocked on this request */
93 
94     struct BdrvTrackedRequest *waiting_for;
95 } BdrvTrackedRequest;
96 
97 
98 struct BlockDriver {
99     /*
100      * These fields are initialized when this object is created,
101      * and are never changed afterwards.
102      */
103 
104     const char *format_name;
105     int instance_size;
106 
107     /*
108      * Set to true if the BlockDriver is a block filter. Block filters pass
109      * certain callbacks that refer to data (see block.c) to their bs->file
110      * or bs->backing (whichever one exists) if the driver doesn't implement
111      * them. Drivers that do not wish to forward must implement them and return
112      * -ENOTSUP.
113      * Note that filters are not allowed to modify data.
114      *
115      * Filters generally cannot have more than a single filtered child,
116      * because the data they present must at all times be the same as
117      * that on their filtered child.  That would be impossible to
118      * achieve for multiple filtered children.
119      * (And this filtered child must then be bs->file or bs->backing.)
120      */
121     bool is_filter;
122     /*
123      * Only make sense for filter drivers, for others must be false.
124      * If true, filtered child is bs->backing. Otherwise it's bs->file.
125      * Two internal filters use bs->backing as filtered child and has this
126      * field set to true: mirror_top and commit_top. There also two such test
127      * filters in tests/unit/test-bdrv-graph-mod.c.
128      *
129      * Never create any more such filters!
130      *
131      * TODO: imagine how to deprecate this behavior and make all filters work
132      * similarly using bs->file as filtered child.
133      */
134     bool filtered_child_is_backing;
135 
136     /*
137      * Set to true if the BlockDriver is a format driver.  Format nodes
138      * generally do not expect their children to be other format nodes
139      * (except for backing files), and so format probing is disabled
140      * on those children.
141      */
142     bool is_format;
143 
144     /*
145      * Drivers not implementing bdrv_parse_filename nor bdrv_open should have
146      * this field set to true, except ones that are defined only by their
147      * child's bs.
148      * An example of the last type will be the quorum block driver.
149      */
150     bool bdrv_needs_filename;
151 
152     /*
153      * Set if a driver can support backing files. This also implies the
154      * following semantics:
155      *
156      *  - Return status 0 of .bdrv_co_block_status means that corresponding
157      *    blocks are not allocated in this layer of backing-chain
158      *  - For such (unallocated) blocks, read will:
159      *    - fill buffer with zeros if there is no backing file
160      *    - read from the backing file otherwise, where the block layer
161      *      takes care of reading zeros beyond EOF if backing file is short
162      */
163     bool supports_backing;
164 
165     bool has_variable_length;
166 
167     /*
168      * Drivers setting this field must be able to work with just a plain
169      * filename with '<protocol_name>:' as a prefix, and no other options.
170      * Options may be extracted from the filename by implementing
171      * bdrv_parse_filename.
172      */
173     const char *protocol_name;
174 
175     /* List of options for creating images, terminated by name == NULL */
176     QemuOptsList *create_opts;
177 
178     /* List of options for image amend */
179     QemuOptsList *amend_opts;
180 
181     /*
182      * If this driver supports reopening images this contains a
183      * NULL-terminated list of the runtime options that can be
184      * modified. If an option in this list is unspecified during
185      * reopen then it _must_ be reset to its default value or return
186      * an error.
187      */
188     const char *const *mutable_opts;
189 
190     /*
191      * Pointer to a NULL-terminated array of names of strong options
192      * that can be specified for bdrv_open(). A strong option is one
193      * that changes the data of a BDS.
194      * If this pointer is NULL, the array is considered empty.
195      * "filename" and "driver" are always considered strong.
196      */
197     const char *const *strong_runtime_opts;
198 
199 
200     /*
201      * Global state (GS) API. These functions run under the BQL.
202      *
203      * See include/block/block-global-state.h for more information about
204      * the GS API.
205      */
206 
207     /*
208      * This function is invoked under BQL before .bdrv_co_amend()
209      * (which in contrast does not necessarily run under the BQL)
210      * to allow driver-specific initialization code that requires
211      * the BQL, like setting up specific permission flags.
212      */
213     int (*bdrv_amend_pre_run)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
214     /*
215      * This function is invoked under BQL after .bdrv_co_amend()
216      * to allow cleaning up what was done in .bdrv_amend_pre_run().
217      */
218     void (*bdrv_amend_clean)(BlockDriverState *bs);
219 
220     /*
221      * Return true if @to_replace can be replaced by a BDS with the
222      * same data as @bs without it affecting @bs's behavior (that is,
223      * without it being visible to @bs's parents).
224      */
225     bool (*bdrv_recurse_can_replace)(BlockDriverState *bs,
226                                      BlockDriverState *to_replace);
227 
228     int (*bdrv_probe_device)(const char *filename);
229 
230     /*
231      * Any driver implementing this callback is expected to be able to handle
232      * NULL file names in its .bdrv_open() implementation.
233      */
234     void (*bdrv_parse_filename)(const char *filename, QDict *options,
235                                 Error **errp);
236 
237     /* For handling image reopen for split or non-split files. */
238     int (*bdrv_reopen_prepare)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state,
239                                BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp);
240     void (*bdrv_reopen_commit)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
241     void (*bdrv_reopen_commit_post)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
242     void (*bdrv_reopen_abort)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
243     void (*bdrv_join_options)(QDict *options, QDict *old_options);
244 
245     int (*bdrv_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
246                      Error **errp);
247 
248     /* Protocol drivers should implement this instead of bdrv_open */
249     int (*bdrv_file_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
250                           Error **errp);
251     void (*bdrv_close)(BlockDriverState *bs);
252 
253     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_create)(BlockdevCreateOptions *opts,
254                                        Error **errp);
255     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_create_opts)(BlockDriver *drv,
256                                             const char *filename,
257                                             QemuOpts *opts,
258                                             Error **errp);
259 
260     int (*bdrv_amend_options)(BlockDriverState *bs,
261                               QemuOpts *opts,
262                               BlockDriverAmendStatusCB *status_cb,
263                               void *cb_opaque,
264                               bool force,
265                               Error **errp);
266 
267     int (*bdrv_make_empty)(BlockDriverState *bs);
268 
269     /*
270      * Refreshes the bs->exact_filename field. If that is impossible,
271      * bs->exact_filename has to be left empty.
272      */
273     void (*bdrv_refresh_filename)(BlockDriverState *bs);
274 
275     /*
276      * Gathers the open options for all children into @target.
277      * A simple format driver (without backing file support) might
278      * implement this function like this:
279      *
280      *     QINCREF(bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
281      *     qdict_put(target, "file", bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
282      *
283      * If not specified, the generic implementation will simply put
284      * all children's options under their respective name.
285      *
286      * @backing_overridden is true when bs->backing seems not to be
287      * the child that would result from opening bs->backing_file.
288      * Therefore, if it is true, the backing child's options should be
289      * gathered; otherwise, there is no need since the backing child
290      * is the one implied by the image header.
291      *
292      * Note that ideally this function would not be needed.  Every
293      * block driver which implements it is probably doing something
294      * shady regarding its runtime option structure.
295      */
296     void (*bdrv_gather_child_options)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *target,
297                                       bool backing_overridden);
298 
299     /*
300      * Returns an allocated string which is the directory name of this BDS: It
301      * will be used to make relative filenames absolute by prepending this
302      * function's return value to them.
303      */
304     char *(*bdrv_dirname)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
305 
306     /*
307      * This informs the driver that we are no longer interested in the result
308      * of in-flight requests, so don't waste the time if possible.
309      *
310      * One example usage is to avoid waiting for an nbd target node reconnect
311      * timeout during job-cancel with force=true.
312      */
313     void (*bdrv_cancel_in_flight)(BlockDriverState *bs);
314 
315     int (*bdrv_inactivate)(BlockDriverState *bs);
316 
317     int (*bdrv_snapshot_create)(BlockDriverState *bs,
318                                 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info);
319     int (*bdrv_snapshot_goto)(BlockDriverState *bs,
320                               const char *snapshot_id);
321     int (*bdrv_snapshot_delete)(BlockDriverState *bs,
322                                 const char *snapshot_id,
323                                 const char *name,
324                                 Error **errp);
325     int (*bdrv_snapshot_list)(BlockDriverState *bs,
326                               QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_info);
327     int (*bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp)(BlockDriverState *bs,
328                                   const char *snapshot_id,
329                                   const char *name,
330                                   Error **errp);
331 
332     int (*bdrv_change_backing_file)(BlockDriverState *bs,
333         const char *backing_file, const char *backing_fmt);
334 
335     /* TODO Better pass a option string/QDict/QemuOpts to add any rule? */
336     int (*bdrv_debug_breakpoint)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *event,
337         const char *tag);
338     int (*bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint)(BlockDriverState *bs,
339         const char *tag);
340     int (*bdrv_debug_resume)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *tag);
341     bool (*bdrv_debug_is_suspended)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *tag);
342 
343     void (*bdrv_refresh_limits)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
344 
345     /*
346      * Returns 1 if newly created images are guaranteed to contain only
347      * zeros, 0 otherwise.
348      */
349     int (*bdrv_has_zero_init)(BlockDriverState *bs);
350 
351     /*
352      * Remove fd handlers, timers, and other event loop callbacks so the event
353      * loop is no longer in use.  Called with no in-flight requests and in
354      * depth-first traversal order with parents before child nodes.
355      */
356     void (*bdrv_detach_aio_context)(BlockDriverState *bs);
357 
358     /*
359      * Add fd handlers, timers, and other event loop callbacks so I/O requests
360      * can be processed again.  Called with no in-flight requests and in
361      * depth-first traversal order with child nodes before parent nodes.
362      */
363     void (*bdrv_attach_aio_context)(BlockDriverState *bs,
364                                     AioContext *new_context);
365 
366     /**
367      * Try to get @bs's logical and physical block size.
368      * On success, store them in @bsz and return zero.
369      * On failure, return negative errno.
370      */
371     int (*bdrv_probe_blocksizes)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockSizes *bsz);
372     /**
373      * Try to get @bs's geometry (cyls, heads, sectors)
374      * On success, store them in @geo and return 0.
375      * On failure return -errno.
376      * Only drivers that want to override guest geometry implement this
377      * callback; see hd_geometry_guess().
378      */
379     int (*bdrv_probe_geometry)(BlockDriverState *bs, HDGeometry *geo);
380 
381     void (*bdrv_add_child)(BlockDriverState *parent, BlockDriverState *child,
382                            Error **errp);
383     void (*bdrv_del_child)(BlockDriverState *parent, BdrvChild *child,
384                            Error **errp);
385 
386     /**
387      * Informs the block driver that a permission change is intended. The
388      * driver checks whether the change is permissible and may take other
389      * preparations for the change (e.g. get file system locks). This operation
390      * is always followed either by a call to either .bdrv_set_perm or
391      * .bdrv_abort_perm_update.
392      *
393      * Checks whether the requested set of cumulative permissions in @perm
394      * can be granted for accessing @bs and whether no other users are using
395      * permissions other than those given in @shared (both arguments take
396      * BLK_PERM_* bitmasks).
397      *
398      * If both conditions are met, 0 is returned. Otherwise, -errno is returned
399      * and errp is set to an error describing the conflict.
400      */
401     int (*bdrv_check_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm,
402                            uint64_t shared, Error **errp);
403 
404     /**
405      * Called to inform the driver that the set of cumulative set of used
406      * permissions for @bs has changed to @perm, and the set of sharable
407      * permission to @shared. The driver can use this to propagate changes to
408      * its children (i.e. request permissions only if a parent actually needs
409      * them).
410      *
411      * This function is only invoked after bdrv_check_perm(), so block drivers
412      * may rely on preparations made in their .bdrv_check_perm implementation.
413      */
414     void (*bdrv_set_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared);
415 
416     /*
417      * Called to inform the driver that after a previous bdrv_check_perm()
418      * call, the permission update is not performed and any preparations made
419      * for it (e.g. taken file locks) need to be undone.
420      *
421      * This function can be called even for nodes that never saw a
422      * bdrv_check_perm() call. It is a no-op then.
423      */
424     void (*bdrv_abort_perm_update)(BlockDriverState *bs);
425 
426     /**
427      * Returns in @nperm and @nshared the permissions that the driver for @bs
428      * needs on its child @c, based on the cumulative permissions requested by
429      * the parents in @parent_perm and @parent_shared.
430      *
431      * If @c is NULL, return the permissions for attaching a new child for the
432      * given @child_class and @role.
433      *
434      * If @reopen_queue is non-NULL, don't return the currently needed
435      * permissions, but those that will be needed after applying the
436      * @reopen_queue.
437      */
438      void (*bdrv_child_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
439                              BdrvChildRole role,
440                              BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
441                              uint64_t parent_perm, uint64_t parent_shared,
442                              uint64_t *nperm, uint64_t *nshared);
443 
444     /**
445      * Register/unregister a buffer for I/O. For example, when the driver is
446      * interested to know the memory areas that will later be used in iovs, so
447      * that it can do IOMMU mapping with VFIO etc., in order to get better
448      * performance. In the case of VFIO drivers, this callback is used to do
449      * DMA mapping for hot buffers.
450      */
451     void (*bdrv_register_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host, size_t size);
452     void (*bdrv_unregister_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host);
453 
454     /*
455      * This field is modified only under the BQL, and is part of
456      * the global state.
457      */
458     QLIST_ENTRY(BlockDriver) list;
459 
460     /*
461      * I/O API functions. These functions are thread-safe.
462      *
463      * See include/block/block-io.h for more information about
464      * the I/O API.
465      */
466 
467     int (*bdrv_probe)(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename);
468 
469     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_amend)(BlockDriverState *bs,
470                                       BlockdevAmendOptions *opts,
471                                       bool force,
472                                       Error **errp);
473 
474     /* aio */
475     BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_preadv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
476         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
477         BdrvRequestFlags flags, BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
478     BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_pwritev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
479         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
480         BdrvRequestFlags flags, BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
481     BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_flush)(BlockDriverState *bs,
482         BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
483     BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_pdiscard)(BlockDriverState *bs,
484         int64_t offset, int bytes,
485         BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
486 
487     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_readv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
488         int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
489 
490     /**
491      * @offset: position in bytes to read at
492      * @bytes: number of bytes to read
493      * @qiov: the buffers to fill with read data
494      * @flags: currently unused, always 0
495      *
496      * @offset and @bytes will be a multiple of 'request_alignment',
497      * but the length of individual @qiov elements does not have to
498      * be a multiple.
499      *
500      * @bytes will always equal the total size of @qiov, and will be
501      * no larger than 'max_transfer'.
502      *
503      * The buffer in @qiov may point directly to guest memory.
504      */
505     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_preadv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
506         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
507         BdrvRequestFlags flags);
508 
509     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_preadv_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
510         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
511         QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
512         BdrvRequestFlags flags);
513 
514     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_writev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
515         int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
516         int flags);
517     /**
518      * @offset: position in bytes to write at
519      * @bytes: number of bytes to write
520      * @qiov: the buffers containing data to write
521      * @flags: zero or more bits allowed by 'supported_write_flags'
522      *
523      * @offset and @bytes will be a multiple of 'request_alignment',
524      * but the length of individual @qiov elements does not have to
525      * be a multiple.
526      *
527      * @bytes will always equal the total size of @qiov, and will be
528      * no larger than 'max_transfer'.
529      *
530      * The buffer in @qiov may point directly to guest memory.
531      */
532     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
533         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
534         BdrvRequestFlags flags);
535     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
536         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
537         BdrvRequestFlags flags);
538 
539     /*
540      * Efficiently zero a region of the disk image.  Typically an image format
541      * would use a compact metadata representation to implement this.  This
542      * function pointer may be NULL or return -ENOSUP and .bdrv_co_writev()
543      * will be called instead.
544      */
545     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes)(BlockDriverState *bs,
546         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
547     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pdiscard)(BlockDriverState *bs,
548         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
549 
550     /*
551      * Map [offset, offset + nbytes) range onto a child of @bs to copy from,
552      * and invoke bdrv_co_copy_range_from(child, ...), or invoke
553      * bdrv_co_copy_range_to() if @bs is the leaf child to copy data from.
554      *
555      * See the comment of bdrv_co_copy_range for the parameter and return value
556      * semantics.
557      */
558     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_copy_range_from)(BlockDriverState *bs,
559                                                 BdrvChild *src,
560                                                 int64_t offset,
561                                                 BdrvChild *dst,
562                                                 int64_t dst_offset,
563                                                 int64_t bytes,
564                                                 BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
565                                                 BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
566 
567     /*
568      * Map [offset, offset + nbytes) range onto a child of bs to copy data to,
569      * and invoke bdrv_co_copy_range_to(child, src, ...), or perform the copy
570      * operation if @bs is the leaf and @src has the same BlockDriver.  Return
571      * -ENOTSUP if @bs is the leaf but @src has a different BlockDriver.
572      *
573      * See the comment of bdrv_co_copy_range for the parameter and return value
574      * semantics.
575      */
576     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_copy_range_to)(BlockDriverState *bs,
577                                               BdrvChild *src,
578                                               int64_t src_offset,
579                                               BdrvChild *dst,
580                                               int64_t dst_offset,
581                                               int64_t bytes,
582                                               BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
583                                               BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
584 
585     /*
586      * Building block for bdrv_block_status[_above] and
587      * bdrv_is_allocated[_above].  The driver should answer only
588      * according to the current layer, and should only need to set
589      * BDRV_BLOCK_DATA, BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO, BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID,
590      * and/or BDRV_BLOCK_RAW; if the current layer defers to a backing
591      * layer, the result should be 0 (and not BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO).  See
592      * block.h for the overall meaning of the bits.  As a hint, the
593      * flag want_zero is true if the caller cares more about precise
594      * mappings (favor accurate _OFFSET_VALID/_ZERO) or false for
595      * overall allocation (favor larger *pnum, perhaps by reporting
596      * _DATA instead of _ZERO).  The block layer guarantees input
597      * clamped to bdrv_getlength() and aligned to request_alignment,
598      * as well as non-NULL pnum, map, and file; in turn, the driver
599      * must return an error or set pnum to an aligned non-zero value.
600      *
601      * Note that @bytes is just a hint on how big of a region the
602      * caller wants to inspect.  It is not a limit on *pnum.
603      * Implementations are free to return larger values of *pnum if
604      * doing so does not incur a performance penalty.
605      *
606      * block/io.c's bdrv_co_block_status() will utilize an unclamped
607      * *pnum value for the block-status cache on protocol nodes, prior
608      * to clamping *pnum for return to its caller.
609      */
610     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_block_status)(BlockDriverState *bs,
611         bool want_zero, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum,
612         int64_t *map, BlockDriverState **file);
613 
614     /*
615      * Snapshot-access API.
616      *
617      * Block-driver may provide snapshot-access API: special functions to access
618      * some internal "snapshot". The functions are similar with normal
619      * read/block_status/discard handler, but don't have any specific handling
620      * in generic block-layer: no serializing, no alignment, no tracked
621      * requests. So, block-driver that realizes these APIs is fully responsible
622      * for synchronization between snapshot-access API and normal IO requests.
623      *
624      * TODO: To be able to support qcow2's internal snapshots, this API will
625      * need to be extended to:
626      * - be able to select a specific snapshot
627      * - receive the snapshot's actual length (which may differ from bs's
628      *   length)
629      */
630     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_preadv_snapshot)(BlockDriverState *bs,
631         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset);
632     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_snapshot_block_status)(BlockDriverState *bs,
633         bool want_zero, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum,
634         int64_t *map, BlockDriverState **file);
635     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pdiscard_snapshot)(BlockDriverState *bs,
636         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
637 
638     /*
639      * Invalidate any cached meta-data.
640      */
641     void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_invalidate_cache)(BlockDriverState *bs,
642                                                   Error **errp);
643 
644     /*
645      * Flushes all data for all layers by calling bdrv_co_flush for underlying
646      * layers, if needed. This function is needed for deterministic
647      * synchronization of the flush finishing callback.
648      */
649     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush)(BlockDriverState *bs);
650 
651     /* Delete a created file. */
652     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_delete_file)(BlockDriverState *bs,
653                                             Error **errp);
654 
655     /*
656      * Flushes all data that was already written to the OS all the way down to
657      * the disk (for example file-posix.c calls fsync()).
658      */
659     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush_to_disk)(BlockDriverState *bs);
660 
661     /*
662      * Flushes all internal caches to the OS. The data may still sit in a
663      * writeback cache of the host OS, but it will survive a crash of the qemu
664      * process.
665      */
666     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush_to_os)(BlockDriverState *bs);
667 
668     /*
669      * Truncate @bs to @offset bytes using the given @prealloc mode
670      * when growing.  Modes other than PREALLOC_MODE_OFF should be
671      * rejected when shrinking @bs.
672      *
673      * If @exact is true, @bs must be resized to exactly @offset.
674      * Otherwise, it is sufficient for @bs (if it is a host block
675      * device and thus there is no way to resize it) to be at least
676      * @offset bytes in length.
677      *
678      * If @exact is true and this function fails but would succeed
679      * with @exact = false, it should return -ENOTSUP.
680      */
681     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_truncate)(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
682                                          bool exact, PreallocMode prealloc,
683                                          BdrvRequestFlags flags, Error **errp);
684     int64_t (*bdrv_getlength)(BlockDriverState *bs);
685     int64_t (*bdrv_get_allocated_file_size)(BlockDriverState *bs);
686     BlockMeasureInfo *(*bdrv_measure)(QemuOpts *opts, BlockDriverState *in_bs,
687                                       Error **errp);
688 
689     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed)(BlockDriverState *bs,
690         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
691     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
692         int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
693         size_t qiov_offset);
694 
695     int (*bdrv_get_info)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi);
696 
697     ImageInfoSpecific *(*bdrv_get_specific_info)(BlockDriverState *bs,
698                                                  Error **errp);
699     BlockStatsSpecific *(*bdrv_get_specific_stats)(BlockDriverState *bs);
700 
701     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_save_vmstate)(BlockDriverState *bs,
702                                           QEMUIOVector *qiov,
703                                           int64_t pos);
704     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_load_vmstate)(BlockDriverState *bs,
705                                           QEMUIOVector *qiov,
706                                           int64_t pos);
707 
708     /* removable device specific */
709     bool (*bdrv_is_inserted)(BlockDriverState *bs);
710     void (*bdrv_eject)(BlockDriverState *bs, bool eject_flag);
711     void (*bdrv_lock_medium)(BlockDriverState *bs, bool locked);
712 
713     /* to control generic scsi devices */
714     BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_ioctl)(BlockDriverState *bs,
715         unsigned long int req, void *buf,
716         BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
717     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_ioctl)(BlockDriverState *bs,
718                                       unsigned long int req, void *buf);
719 
720     /*
721      * Returns 0 for completed check, -errno for internal errors.
722      * The check results are stored in result.
723      */
724     int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_check)(BlockDriverState *bs,
725                                       BdrvCheckResult *result,
726                                       BdrvCheckMode fix);
727 
728     void (*bdrv_debug_event)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlkdebugEvent event);
729 
730     /* io queue for linux-aio */
731     void (*bdrv_io_plug)(BlockDriverState *bs);
732     void (*bdrv_io_unplug)(BlockDriverState *bs);
733 
734     /**
735      * bdrv_co_drain_begin is called if implemented in the beginning of a
736      * drain operation to drain and stop any internal sources of requests in
737      * the driver.
738      * bdrv_co_drain_end is called if implemented at the end of the drain.
739      *
740      * They should be used by the driver to e.g. manage scheduled I/O
741      * requests, or toggle an internal state. After the end of the drain new
742      * requests will continue normally.
743      */
744     void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_drain_begin)(BlockDriverState *bs);
745     void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_drain_end)(BlockDriverState *bs);
746 
747     bool (*bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs);
748     bool (*bdrv_co_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs,
749                                                const char *name,
750                                                uint32_t granularity,
751                                                Error **errp);
752     int (*bdrv_co_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs,
753                                                   const char *name,
754                                                   Error **errp);
755 };
756 
757 static inline bool block_driver_can_compress(BlockDriver *drv)
758 {
759     return drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed ||
760            drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed_part;
761 }
762 
763 typedef struct BlockLimits {
764     /*
765      * Alignment requirement, in bytes, for offset/length of I/O
766      * requests. Must be a power of 2 less than INT_MAX; defaults to
767      * 1 for drivers with modern byte interfaces, and to 512
768      * otherwise.
769      */
770     uint32_t request_alignment;
771 
772     /*
773      * Maximum number of bytes that can be discarded at once. Must be multiple
774      * of pdiscard_alignment, but need not be power of 2. May be 0 if no
775      * inherent 64-bit limit.
776      */
777     int64_t max_pdiscard;
778 
779     /*
780      * Optimal alignment for discard requests in bytes. A power of 2
781      * is best but not mandatory.  Must be a multiple of
782      * bl.request_alignment, and must be less than max_pdiscard if
783      * that is set. May be 0 if bl.request_alignment is good enough
784      */
785     uint32_t pdiscard_alignment;
786 
787     /*
788      * Maximum number of bytes that can zeroized at once. Must be multiple of
789      * pwrite_zeroes_alignment. 0 means no limit.
790      */
791     int64_t max_pwrite_zeroes;
792 
793     /*
794      * Optimal alignment for write zeroes requests in bytes. A power
795      * of 2 is best but not mandatory.  Must be a multiple of
796      * bl.request_alignment, and must be less than max_pwrite_zeroes
797      * if that is set. May be 0 if bl.request_alignment is good
798      * enough
799      */
800     uint32_t pwrite_zeroes_alignment;
801 
802     /*
803      * Optimal transfer length in bytes.  A power of 2 is best but not
804      * mandatory.  Must be a multiple of bl.request_alignment, or 0 if
805      * no preferred size
806      */
807     uint32_t opt_transfer;
808 
809     /*
810      * Maximal transfer length in bytes.  Need not be power of 2, but
811      * must be multiple of opt_transfer and bl.request_alignment, or 0
812      * for no 32-bit limit.  For now, anything larger than INT_MAX is
813      * clamped down.
814      */
815     uint32_t max_transfer;
816 
817     /*
818      * Maximal hardware transfer length in bytes.  Applies whenever
819      * transfers to the device bypass the kernel I/O scheduler, for
820      * example with SG_IO.  If larger than max_transfer or if zero,
821      * blk_get_max_hw_transfer will fall back to max_transfer.
822      */
823     uint64_t max_hw_transfer;
824 
825     /*
826      * Maximal number of scatter/gather elements allowed by the hardware.
827      * Applies whenever transfers to the device bypass the kernel I/O
828      * scheduler, for example with SG_IO.  If larger than max_iov
829      * or if zero, blk_get_max_hw_iov will fall back to max_iov.
830      */
831     int max_hw_iov;
832 
833 
834     /* memory alignment, in bytes so that no bounce buffer is needed */
835     size_t min_mem_alignment;
836 
837     /* memory alignment, in bytes, for bounce buffer */
838     size_t opt_mem_alignment;
839 
840     /* maximum number of iovec elements */
841     int max_iov;
842 } BlockLimits;
843 
844 typedef struct BdrvOpBlocker BdrvOpBlocker;
845 
846 typedef struct BdrvAioNotifier {
847     void (*attached_aio_context)(AioContext *new_context, void *opaque);
848     void (*detach_aio_context)(void *opaque);
849 
850     void *opaque;
851     bool deleted;
852 
853     QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvAioNotifier) list;
854 } BdrvAioNotifier;
855 
856 struct BdrvChildClass {
857     /*
858      * If true, bdrv_replace_node() doesn't change the node this BdrvChild
859      * points to.
860      */
861     bool stay_at_node;
862 
863     /*
864      * If true, the parent is a BlockDriverState and bdrv_next_all_states()
865      * will return it. This information is used for drain_all, where every node
866      * will be drained separately, so the drain only needs to be propagated to
867      * non-BDS parents.
868      */
869     bool parent_is_bds;
870 
871     /*
872      * Global state (GS) API. These functions run under the BQL.
873      *
874      * See include/block/block-global-state.h for more information about
875      * the GS API.
876      */
877     void (*inherit_options)(BdrvChildRole role, bool parent_is_format,
878                             int *child_flags, QDict *child_options,
879                             int parent_flags, QDict *parent_options);
880     void (*change_media)(BdrvChild *child, bool load);
881 
882     /*
883      * Returns a malloced string that describes the parent of the child for a
884      * human reader. This could be a node-name, BlockBackend name, qdev ID or
885      * QOM path of the device owning the BlockBackend, job type and ID etc. The
886      * caller is responsible for freeing the memory.
887      */
888     char *(*get_parent_desc)(BdrvChild *child);
889 
890     /*
891      * Notifies the parent that the child has been activated/inactivated (e.g.
892      * when migration is completing) and it can start/stop requesting
893      * permissions and doing I/O on it.
894      */
895     void (*activate)(BdrvChild *child, Error **errp);
896     int (*inactivate)(BdrvChild *child);
897 
898     void (*attach)(BdrvChild *child);
899     void (*detach)(BdrvChild *child);
900 
901     /*
902      * Notifies the parent that the filename of its child has changed (e.g.
903      * because the direct child was removed from the backing chain), so that it
904      * can update its reference.
905      */
906     int (*update_filename)(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *new_base,
907                            const char *filename, Error **errp);
908 
909     bool (*change_aio_ctx)(BdrvChild *child, AioContext *ctx,
910                            GHashTable *visited, Transaction *tran,
911                            Error **errp);
912 
913     AioContext *(*get_parent_aio_context)(BdrvChild *child);
914 
915     /*
916      * I/O API functions. These functions are thread-safe.
917      *
918      * See include/block/block-io.h for more information about
919      * the I/O API.
920      */
921 
922     void (*resize)(BdrvChild *child);
923 
924     /*
925      * Returns a name that is supposedly more useful for human users than the
926      * node name for identifying the node in question (in particular, a BB
927      * name), or NULL if the parent can't provide a better name.
928      */
929     const char *(*get_name)(BdrvChild *child);
930 
931     /*
932      * If this pair of functions is implemented, the parent doesn't issue new
933      * requests after returning from .drained_begin() until .drained_end() is
934      * called.
935      *
936      * These functions must not change the graph (and therefore also must not
937      * call aio_poll(), which could change the graph indirectly).
938      *
939      * If drained_end() schedules background operations, it must atomically
940      * increment *drained_end_counter for each such operation and atomically
941      * decrement it once the operation has settled.
942      *
943      * Note that this can be nested. If drained_begin() was called twice, new
944      * I/O is allowed only after drained_end() was called twice, too.
945      */
946     void (*drained_begin)(BdrvChild *child);
947     void (*drained_end)(BdrvChild *child, int *drained_end_counter);
948 
949     /*
950      * Returns whether the parent has pending requests for the child. This
951      * callback is polled after .drained_begin() has been called until all
952      * activity on the child has stopped.
953      */
954     bool (*drained_poll)(BdrvChild *child);
955 };
956 
957 extern const BdrvChildClass child_of_bds;
958 
959 struct BdrvChild {
960     BlockDriverState *bs;
961     char *name;
962     const BdrvChildClass *klass;
963     BdrvChildRole role;
964     void *opaque;
965 
966     /**
967      * Granted permissions for operating on this BdrvChild (BLK_PERM_* bitmask)
968      */
969     uint64_t perm;
970 
971     /**
972      * Permissions that can still be granted to other users of @bs while this
973      * BdrvChild is still attached to it. (BLK_PERM_* bitmask)
974      */
975     uint64_t shared_perm;
976 
977     /*
978      * This link is frozen: the child can neither be replaced nor
979      * detached from the parent.
980      */
981     bool frozen;
982 
983     /*
984      * How many times the parent of this child has been drained
985      * (through klass->drained_*).
986      * Usually, this is equal to bs->quiesce_counter (potentially
987      * reduced by bdrv_drain_all_count).  It may differ while the
988      * child is entering or leaving a drained section.
989      */
990     int parent_quiesce_counter;
991 
992     QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next;
993     QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next_parent;
994 };
995 
996 /*
997  * Allows bdrv_co_block_status() to cache one data region for a
998  * protocol node.
999  *
1000  * @valid: Whether the cache is valid (should be accessed with atomic
1001  *         functions so this can be reset by RCU readers)
1002  * @data_start: Offset where we know (or strongly assume) is data
1003  * @data_end: Offset where the data region ends (which is not necessarily
1004  *            the start of a zeroed region)
1005  */
1006 typedef struct BdrvBlockStatusCache {
1007     struct rcu_head rcu;
1008 
1009     bool valid;
1010     int64_t data_start;
1011     int64_t data_end;
1012 } BdrvBlockStatusCache;
1013 
1014 struct BlockDriverState {
1015     /*
1016      * Protected by big QEMU lock or read-only after opening.  No special
1017      * locking needed during I/O...
1018      */
1019     int open_flags; /* flags used to open the file, re-used for re-open */
1020     bool encrypted; /* if true, the media is encrypted */
1021     bool sg;        /* if true, the device is a /dev/sg* */
1022     bool probed;    /* if true, format was probed rather than specified */
1023     bool force_share; /* if true, always allow all shared permissions */
1024     bool implicit;  /* if true, this filter node was automatically inserted */
1025 
1026     BlockDriver *drv; /* NULL means no media */
1027     void *opaque;
1028 
1029     AioContext *aio_context; /* event loop used for fd handlers, timers, etc */
1030     /*
1031      * long-running tasks intended to always use the same AioContext as this
1032      * BDS may register themselves in this list to be notified of changes
1033      * regarding this BDS's context
1034      */
1035     QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvAioNotifier) aio_notifiers;
1036     bool walking_aio_notifiers; /* to make removal during iteration safe */
1037 
1038     char filename[PATH_MAX];
1039     /*
1040      * If not empty, this image is a diff in relation to backing_file.
1041      * Note that this is the name given in the image header and
1042      * therefore may or may not be equal to .backing->bs->filename.
1043      * If this field contains a relative path, it is to be resolved
1044      * relatively to the overlay's location.
1045      */
1046     char backing_file[PATH_MAX];
1047     /*
1048      * The backing filename indicated by the image header.  Contrary
1049      * to backing_file, if we ever open this file, auto_backing_file
1050      * is replaced by the resulting BDS's filename (i.e. after a
1051      * bdrv_refresh_filename() run).
1052      */
1053     char auto_backing_file[PATH_MAX];
1054     char backing_format[16]; /* if non-zero and backing_file exists */
1055 
1056     QDict *full_open_options;
1057     char exact_filename[PATH_MAX];
1058 
1059     /* I/O Limits */
1060     BlockLimits bl;
1061 
1062     /*
1063      * Flags honored during pread
1064      */
1065     unsigned int supported_read_flags;
1066     /*
1067      * Flags honored during pwrite (so far: BDRV_REQ_FUA,
1068      * BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED).
1069      * If a driver does not support BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED, those
1070      * writes will be issued as normal writes without the flag set.
1071      * This is important to note for drivers that do not explicitly
1072      * request a WRITE permission for their children and instead take
1073      * the same permissions as their parent did (this is commonly what
1074      * block filters do).  Such drivers have to be aware that the
1075      * parent may have taken a WRITE_UNCHANGED permission only and is
1076      * issuing such requests.  Drivers either must make sure that
1077      * these requests do not result in plain WRITE accesses (usually
1078      * by supporting BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED, and then forwarding
1079      * every incoming write request as-is, including potentially that
1080      * flag), or they have to explicitly take the WRITE permission for
1081      * their children.
1082      */
1083     unsigned int supported_write_flags;
1084     /*
1085      * Flags honored during pwrite_zeroes (so far: BDRV_REQ_FUA,
1086      * BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP, BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED)
1087      */
1088     unsigned int supported_zero_flags;
1089     /*
1090      * Flags honoured during truncate (so far: BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE).
1091      *
1092      * If BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE is given, the truncate operation must make sure
1093      * that any added space reads as all zeros. If this can't be guaranteed,
1094      * the operation must fail.
1095      */
1096     unsigned int supported_truncate_flags;
1097 
1098     /* the following member gives a name to every node on the bs graph. */
1099     char node_name[32];
1100     /* element of the list of named nodes building the graph */
1101     QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) node_list;
1102     /* element of the list of all BlockDriverStates (all_bdrv_states) */
1103     QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) bs_list;
1104     /* element of the list of monitor-owned BDS */
1105     QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) monitor_list;
1106     int refcnt;
1107 
1108     /* operation blockers. Protected by BQL. */
1109     QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvOpBlocker) op_blockers[BLOCK_OP_TYPE_MAX];
1110 
1111     /*
1112      * The node that this node inherited default options from (and a reopen on
1113      * which can affect this node by changing these defaults). This is always a
1114      * parent node of this node.
1115      */
1116     BlockDriverState *inherits_from;
1117 
1118     /*
1119      * @backing and @file are some of @children or NULL. All these three fields
1120      * (@file, @backing and @children) are modified only in
1121      * bdrv_child_cb_attach() and bdrv_child_cb_detach().
1122      *
1123      * See also comment in include/block/block.h, to learn how backing and file
1124      * are connected with BdrvChildRole.
1125      */
1126     QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvChild) children;
1127     BdrvChild *backing;
1128     BdrvChild *file;
1129 
1130     QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvChild) parents;
1131 
1132     QDict *options;
1133     QDict *explicit_options;
1134     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes;
1135 
1136     /* The error object in use for blocking operations on backing_hd */
1137     Error *backing_blocker;
1138 
1139     /* Protected by AioContext lock */
1140 
1141     /*
1142      * If we are reading a disk image, give its size in sectors.
1143      * Generally read-only; it is written to by load_snapshot and
1144      * save_snaphost, but the block layer is quiescent during those.
1145      */
1146     int64_t total_sectors;
1147 
1148     /* threshold limit for writes, in bytes. "High water mark". */
1149     uint64_t write_threshold_offset;
1150 
1151     /*
1152      * Writing to the list requires the BQL _and_ the dirty_bitmap_mutex.
1153      * Reading from the list can be done with either the BQL or the
1154      * dirty_bitmap_mutex.  Modifying a bitmap only requires
1155      * dirty_bitmap_mutex.
1156      */
1157     QemuMutex dirty_bitmap_mutex;
1158     QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvDirtyBitmap) dirty_bitmaps;
1159 
1160     /* Offset after the highest byte written to */
1161     Stat64 wr_highest_offset;
1162 
1163     /*
1164      * If true, copy read backing sectors into image.  Can be >1 if more
1165      * than one client has requested copy-on-read.  Accessed with atomic
1166      * ops.
1167      */
1168     int copy_on_read;
1169 
1170     /*
1171      * number of in-flight requests; overall and serialising.
1172      * Accessed with atomic ops.
1173      */
1174     unsigned int in_flight;
1175     unsigned int serialising_in_flight;
1176 
1177     /*
1178      * counter for nested bdrv_io_plug.
1179      * Accessed with atomic ops.
1180      */
1181     unsigned io_plugged;
1182 
1183     /* do we need to tell the quest if we have a volatile write cache? */
1184     int enable_write_cache;
1185 
1186     /* Accessed with atomic ops.  */
1187     int quiesce_counter;
1188     int recursive_quiesce_counter;
1189 
1190     unsigned int write_gen;               /* Current data generation */
1191 
1192     /* Protected by reqs_lock.  */
1193     CoMutex reqs_lock;
1194     QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvTrackedRequest) tracked_requests;
1195     CoQueue flush_queue;                  /* Serializing flush queue */
1196     bool active_flush_req;                /* Flush request in flight? */
1197 
1198     /* Only read/written by whoever has set active_flush_req to true.  */
1199     unsigned int flushed_gen;             /* Flushed write generation */
1200 
1201     /* BdrvChild links to this node may never be frozen */
1202     bool never_freeze;
1203 
1204     /* Lock for block-status cache RCU writers */
1205     CoMutex bsc_modify_lock;
1206     /* Always non-NULL, but must only be dereferenced under an RCU read guard */
1207     BdrvBlockStatusCache *block_status_cache;
1208 };
1209 
1210 struct BlockBackendRootState {
1211     int open_flags;
1212     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes;
1213 };
1214 
1215 typedef enum BlockMirrorBackingMode {
1216     /*
1217      * Reuse the existing backing chain from the source for the target.
1218      * - sync=full: Set backing BDS to NULL.
1219      * - sync=top:  Use source's backing BDS.
1220      * - sync=none: Use source as the backing BDS.
1221      */
1222     MIRROR_SOURCE_BACKING_CHAIN,
1223 
1224     /* Open the target's backing chain completely anew */
1225     MIRROR_OPEN_BACKING_CHAIN,
1226 
1227     /* Do not change the target's backing BDS after job completion */
1228     MIRROR_LEAVE_BACKING_CHAIN,
1229 } BlockMirrorBackingMode;
1230 
1231 
1232 /*
1233  * Essential block drivers which must always be statically linked into qemu, and
1234  * which therefore can be accessed without using bdrv_find_format()
1235  */
1236 extern BlockDriver bdrv_file;
1237 extern BlockDriver bdrv_raw;
1238 extern BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2;
1239 
1240 extern unsigned int bdrv_drain_all_count;
1241 extern QemuOptsList bdrv_create_opts_simple;
1242 
1243 /*
1244  * Common functions that are neither I/O nor Global State.
1245  *
1246  * See include/block/block-commmon.h for more information about
1247  * the Common API.
1248  */
1249 
1250 static inline BlockDriverState *child_bs(BdrvChild *child)
1251 {
1252     return child ? child->bs : NULL;
1253 }
1254 
1255 int bdrv_check_request(int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, Error **errp);
1256 char *create_tmp_file(Error **errp);
1257 void bdrv_parse_filename_strip_prefix(const char *filename, const char *prefix,
1258                                       QDict *options);
1259 
1260 
1261 int bdrv_check_qiov_request(int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
1262                             QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
1263                             Error **errp);
1264 
1265 #ifdef _WIN32
1266 int is_windows_drive(const char *filename);
1267 #endif
1268 
1269 #endif /* BLOCK_INT_COMMON_H */
1270