xref: /qemu/nbd/client.c (revision a18025f9)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Red Hat, Inc.
3  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
4  *
5  *  Network Block Device Client Side
6  *
7  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
10  *
11  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
15  *
16  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18  */
19 
20 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
21 #include "qapi/error.h"
22 #include "qemu/queue.h"
23 #include "trace.h"
24 #include "nbd-internal.h"
25 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
26 
27 /* Definitions for opaque data types */
28 
29 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, NBDExport) exports = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(exports);
30 
31 /* That's all folks */
32 
33 /* Basic flow for negotiation
34 
35    Server         Client
36    Negotiate
37 
38    or
39 
40    Server         Client
41    Negotiate #1
42                   Option
43    Negotiate #2
44 
45    ----
46 
47    followed by
48 
49    Server         Client
50                   Request
51    Response
52                   Request
53    Response
54                   ...
55    ...
56                   Request (type == 2)
57 
58 */
59 
60 /* Send an option request.
61  *
62  * The request is for option @opt, with @data containing @len bytes of
63  * additional payload for the request (@len may be -1 to treat @data as
64  * a C string; and @data may be NULL if @len is 0).
65  * Return 0 if successful, -1 with errp set if it is impossible to
66  * continue. */
67 static int nbd_send_option_request(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t opt,
68                                    uint32_t len, const char *data,
69                                    Error **errp)
70 {
71     NBDOption req;
72     QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(req) != 16);
73 
74     if (len == -1) {
75         req.length = len = strlen(data);
76     }
77     trace_nbd_send_option_request(opt, nbd_opt_lookup(opt), len);
78 
79     stq_be_p(&req.magic, NBD_OPTS_MAGIC);
80     stl_be_p(&req.option, opt);
81     stl_be_p(&req.length, len);
82 
83     if (nbd_write(ioc, &req, sizeof(req), errp) < 0) {
84         error_prepend(errp, "Failed to send option request header: ");
85         return -1;
86     }
87 
88     if (len && nbd_write(ioc, (char *) data, len, errp) < 0) {
89         error_prepend(errp, "Failed to send option request data: ");
90         return -1;
91     }
92 
93     return 0;
94 }
95 
96 /* Send NBD_OPT_ABORT as a courtesy to let the server know that we are
97  * not going to attempt further negotiation. */
98 static void nbd_send_opt_abort(QIOChannel *ioc)
99 {
100     /* Technically, a compliant server is supposed to reply to us; but
101      * older servers disconnected instead. At any rate, we're allowed
102      * to disconnect without waiting for the server reply, so we don't
103      * even care if the request makes it to the server, let alone
104      * waiting around for whether the server replies. */
105     nbd_send_option_request(ioc, NBD_OPT_ABORT, 0, NULL, NULL);
106 }
107 
108 
109 /* Receive the header of an option reply, which should match the given
110  * opt.  Read through the length field, but NOT the length bytes of
111  * payload. Return 0 if successful, -1 with errp set if it is
112  * impossible to continue. */
113 static int nbd_receive_option_reply(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t opt,
114                                     NBDOptionReply *reply, Error **errp)
115 {
116     QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*reply) != 20);
117     if (nbd_read(ioc, reply, sizeof(*reply), "option reply", errp) < 0) {
118         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
119         return -1;
120     }
121     reply->magic = be64_to_cpu(reply->magic);
122     reply->option = be32_to_cpu(reply->option);
123     reply->type = be32_to_cpu(reply->type);
124     reply->length = be32_to_cpu(reply->length);
125 
126     trace_nbd_receive_option_reply(reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option),
127                                    reply->type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply->type),
128                                    reply->length);
129 
130     if (reply->magic != NBD_REP_MAGIC) {
131         error_setg(errp, "Unexpected option reply magic");
132         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
133         return -1;
134     }
135     if (reply->option != opt) {
136         error_setg(errp, "Unexpected option type %u (%s), expected %u (%s)",
137                    reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option),
138                    opt, nbd_opt_lookup(opt));
139         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
140         return -1;
141     }
142     return 0;
143 }
144 
145 /*
146  * If reply represents success, return 1 without further action.  If
147  * reply represents an error, consume the optional payload of the
148  * packet on ioc.  Then return 0 for unsupported (so the client can
149  * fall back to other approaches), where @strict determines if only
150  * ERR_UNSUP or all errors fit that category, or -1 with errp set for
151  * other errors.
152  */
153 static int nbd_handle_reply_err(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDOptionReply *reply,
154                                 bool strict, Error **errp)
155 {
156     g_autofree char *msg = NULL;
157 
158     if (!(reply->type & (1 << 31))) {
159         return 1;
160     }
161 
162     if (reply->length) {
163         if (reply->length > NBD_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
164             error_setg(errp, "server error %" PRIu32
165                        " (%s) message is too long",
166                        reply->type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply->type));
167             goto err;
168         }
169         msg = g_malloc(reply->length + 1);
170         if (nbd_read(ioc, msg, reply->length, NULL, errp) < 0) {
171             error_prepend(errp, "Failed to read option error %" PRIu32
172                           " (%s) message: ",
173                           reply->type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply->type));
174             goto err;
175         }
176         msg[reply->length] = '\0';
177         trace_nbd_server_error_msg(reply->type,
178                                    nbd_reply_type_lookup(reply->type), msg);
179     }
180 
181     if (reply->type == NBD_REP_ERR_UNSUP || !strict) {
182         trace_nbd_reply_err_ignored(reply->option,
183                                     nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option),
184                                     reply->type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply->type));
185         return 0;
186     }
187 
188     switch (reply->type) {
189     case NBD_REP_ERR_POLICY:
190         error_setg(errp, "Denied by server for option %" PRIu32 " (%s)",
191                    reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option));
192         break;
193 
194     case NBD_REP_ERR_INVALID:
195         error_setg(errp, "Invalid parameters for option %" PRIu32 " (%s)",
196                    reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option));
197         break;
198 
199     case NBD_REP_ERR_PLATFORM:
200         error_setg(errp, "Server lacks support for option %" PRIu32 " (%s)",
201                    reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option));
202         break;
203 
204     case NBD_REP_ERR_TLS_REQD:
205         error_setg(errp, "TLS negotiation required before option %" PRIu32
206                    " (%s)", reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option));
207         error_append_hint(errp, "Did you forget a valid tls-creds?\n");
208         break;
209 
210     case NBD_REP_ERR_UNKNOWN:
211         error_setg(errp, "Requested export not available");
212         break;
213 
214     case NBD_REP_ERR_SHUTDOWN:
215         error_setg(errp, "Server shutting down before option %" PRIu32 " (%s)",
216                    reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option));
217         break;
218 
219     case NBD_REP_ERR_BLOCK_SIZE_REQD:
220         error_setg(errp, "Server requires INFO_BLOCK_SIZE for option %" PRIu32
221                    " (%s)", reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option));
222         break;
223 
224     default:
225         error_setg(errp, "Unknown error code when asking for option %" PRIu32
226                    " (%s)", reply->option, nbd_opt_lookup(reply->option));
227         break;
228     }
229 
230     if (msg) {
231         error_append_hint(errp, "server reported: %s\n", msg);
232     }
233 
234  err:
235     nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
236     return -1;
237 }
238 
239 /* nbd_receive_list:
240  * Process another portion of the NBD_OPT_LIST reply, populating any
241  * name received into *@name. If @description is non-NULL, and the
242  * server provided a description, that is also populated. The caller
243  * must eventually call g_free() on success.
244  * Returns 1 if name and description were set and iteration must continue,
245  *         0 if iteration is complete (including if OPT_LIST unsupported),
246  *         -1 with @errp set if an unrecoverable error occurred.
247  */
248 static int nbd_receive_list(QIOChannel *ioc, char **name, char **description,
249                             Error **errp)
250 {
251     NBDOptionReply reply;
252     uint32_t len;
253     uint32_t namelen;
254     g_autofree char *local_name = NULL;
255     g_autofree char *local_desc = NULL;
256     int error;
257 
258     if (nbd_receive_option_reply(ioc, NBD_OPT_LIST, &reply, errp) < 0) {
259         return -1;
260     }
261     error = nbd_handle_reply_err(ioc, &reply, true, errp);
262     if (error <= 0) {
263         return error;
264     }
265     len = reply.length;
266 
267     if (reply.type == NBD_REP_ACK) {
268         if (len != 0) {
269             error_setg(errp, "length too long for option end");
270             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
271             return -1;
272         }
273         return 0;
274     } else if (reply.type != NBD_REP_SERVER) {
275         error_setg(errp, "Unexpected reply type %u (%s), expected %u (%s)",
276                    reply.type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply.type),
277                    NBD_REP_SERVER, nbd_rep_lookup(NBD_REP_SERVER));
278         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
279         return -1;
280     }
281 
282     if (len < sizeof(namelen) || len > NBD_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
283         error_setg(errp, "incorrect option length %" PRIu32, len);
284         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
285         return -1;
286     }
287     if (nbd_read32(ioc, &namelen, "option name length", errp) < 0) {
288         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
289         return -1;
290     }
291     len -= sizeof(namelen);
292     if (len < namelen) {
293         error_setg(errp, "incorrect option name length");
294         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
295         return -1;
296     }
297 
298     local_name = g_malloc(namelen + 1);
299     if (nbd_read(ioc, local_name, namelen, "export name", errp) < 0) {
300         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
301         return -1;
302     }
303     local_name[namelen] = '\0';
304     len -= namelen;
305     if (len) {
306         local_desc = g_malloc(len + 1);
307         if (nbd_read(ioc, local_desc, len, "export description", errp) < 0) {
308             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
309             return -1;
310         }
311         local_desc[len] = '\0';
312     }
313 
314     trace_nbd_receive_list(local_name, local_desc ?: "");
315     *name = g_steal_pointer(&local_name);
316     if (description) {
317         *description = g_steal_pointer(&local_desc);
318     }
319     return 1;
320 }
321 
322 
323 /*
324  * nbd_opt_info_or_go:
325  * Send option for NBD_OPT_INFO or NBD_OPT_GO and parse the reply.
326  * Returns -1 if the option proves the export @info->name cannot be
327  * used, 0 if the option is unsupported (fall back to NBD_OPT_LIST and
328  * NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME in that case), and > 0 if the export is good to
329  * go (with the rest of @info populated).
330  */
331 static int nbd_opt_info_or_go(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t opt,
332                               NBDExportInfo *info, Error **errp)
333 {
334     NBDOptionReply reply;
335     uint32_t len = strlen(info->name);
336     uint16_t type;
337     int error;
338     char *buf;
339 
340     /* The protocol requires that the server send NBD_INFO_EXPORT with
341      * a non-zero flags (at least NBD_FLAG_HAS_FLAGS must be set); so
342      * flags still 0 is a witness of a broken server. */
343     info->flags = 0;
344 
345     assert(opt == NBD_OPT_GO || opt == NBD_OPT_INFO);
346     trace_nbd_opt_info_go_start(nbd_opt_lookup(opt), info->name);
347     buf = g_malloc(4 + len + 2 + 2 * info->request_sizes + 1);
348     stl_be_p(buf, len);
349     memcpy(buf + 4, info->name, len);
350     /* At most one request, everything else up to server */
351     stw_be_p(buf + 4 + len, info->request_sizes);
352     if (info->request_sizes) {
353         stw_be_p(buf + 4 + len + 2, NBD_INFO_BLOCK_SIZE);
354     }
355     error = nbd_send_option_request(ioc, opt,
356                                     4 + len + 2 + 2 * info->request_sizes,
357                                     buf, errp);
358     g_free(buf);
359     if (error < 0) {
360         return -1;
361     }
362 
363     while (1) {
364         if (nbd_receive_option_reply(ioc, opt, &reply, errp) < 0) {
365             return -1;
366         }
367         error = nbd_handle_reply_err(ioc, &reply, true, errp);
368         if (error <= 0) {
369             return error;
370         }
371         len = reply.length;
372 
373         if (reply.type == NBD_REP_ACK) {
374             /*
375              * Server is done sending info, and moved into transmission
376              * phase for NBD_OPT_GO, but make sure it sent flags
377              */
378             if (len) {
379                 error_setg(errp, "server sent invalid NBD_REP_ACK");
380                 return -1;
381             }
382             if (!info->flags) {
383                 error_setg(errp, "broken server omitted NBD_INFO_EXPORT");
384                 return -1;
385             }
386             trace_nbd_opt_info_go_success(nbd_opt_lookup(opt));
387             return 1;
388         }
389         if (reply.type != NBD_REP_INFO) {
390             error_setg(errp, "unexpected reply type %u (%s), expected %u (%s)",
391                        reply.type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply.type),
392                        NBD_REP_INFO, nbd_rep_lookup(NBD_REP_INFO));
393             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
394             return -1;
395         }
396         if (len < sizeof(type)) {
397             error_setg(errp, "NBD_REP_INFO length %" PRIu32 " is too short",
398                        len);
399             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
400             return -1;
401         }
402         if (nbd_read16(ioc, &type, "info type", errp) < 0) {
403             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
404             return -1;
405         }
406         len -= sizeof(type);
407         switch (type) {
408         case NBD_INFO_EXPORT:
409             if (len != sizeof(info->size) + sizeof(info->flags)) {
410                 error_setg(errp, "remaining export info len %" PRIu32
411                            " is unexpected size", len);
412                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
413                 return -1;
414             }
415             if (nbd_read64(ioc, &info->size, "info size", errp) < 0) {
416                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
417                 return -1;
418             }
419             if (nbd_read16(ioc, &info->flags, "info flags", errp) < 0) {
420                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
421                 return -1;
422             }
423             if (info->min_block &&
424                 !QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(info->size, info->min_block)) {
425                 error_setg(errp, "export size %" PRIu64 " is not multiple of "
426                            "minimum block size %" PRIu32, info->size,
427                            info->min_block);
428                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
429                 return -1;
430             }
431             trace_nbd_receive_negotiate_size_flags(info->size, info->flags);
432             break;
433 
434         case NBD_INFO_BLOCK_SIZE:
435             if (len != sizeof(info->min_block) * 3) {
436                 error_setg(errp, "remaining export info len %" PRIu32
437                            " is unexpected size", len);
438                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
439                 return -1;
440             }
441             if (nbd_read32(ioc, &info->min_block, "info minimum block size",
442                            errp) < 0) {
443                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
444                 return -1;
445             }
446             if (!is_power_of_2(info->min_block)) {
447                 error_setg(errp, "server minimum block size %" PRIu32
448                            " is not a power of two", info->min_block);
449                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
450                 return -1;
451             }
452             if (nbd_read32(ioc, &info->opt_block, "info preferred block size",
453                            errp) < 0)
454             {
455                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
456                 return -1;
457             }
458             if (!is_power_of_2(info->opt_block) ||
459                 info->opt_block < info->min_block) {
460                 error_setg(errp, "server preferred block size %" PRIu32
461                            " is not valid", info->opt_block);
462                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
463                 return -1;
464             }
465             if (nbd_read32(ioc, &info->max_block, "info maximum block size",
466                            errp) < 0)
467             {
468                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
469                 return -1;
470             }
471             if (info->max_block < info->min_block) {
472                 error_setg(errp, "server maximum block size %" PRIu32
473                            " is not valid", info->max_block);
474                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
475                 return -1;
476             }
477             trace_nbd_opt_info_block_size(info->min_block, info->opt_block,
478                                           info->max_block);
479             break;
480 
481         default:
482             trace_nbd_opt_info_unknown(type, nbd_info_lookup(type));
483             if (nbd_drop(ioc, len, errp) < 0) {
484                 error_prepend(errp, "Failed to read info payload: ");
485                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
486                 return -1;
487             }
488             break;
489         }
490     }
491 }
492 
493 /* Return -1 on failure, 0 if wantname is an available export. */
494 static int nbd_receive_query_exports(QIOChannel *ioc,
495                                      const char *wantname,
496                                      Error **errp)
497 {
498     bool list_empty = true;
499     bool found_export = false;
500 
501     trace_nbd_receive_query_exports_start(wantname);
502     if (nbd_send_option_request(ioc, NBD_OPT_LIST, 0, NULL, errp) < 0) {
503         return -1;
504     }
505 
506     while (1) {
507         char *name;
508         int ret = nbd_receive_list(ioc, &name, NULL, errp);
509 
510         if (ret < 0) {
511             /* Server gave unexpected reply */
512             return -1;
513         } else if (ret == 0) {
514             /* Done iterating. */
515             if (list_empty) {
516                 /*
517                  * We don't have enough context to tell a server that
518                  * sent an empty list apart from a server that does
519                  * not support the list command; but as this function
520                  * is just used to trigger a nicer error message
521                  * before trying NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME, assume the
522                  * export is available.
523                  */
524                 return 0;
525             } else if (!found_export) {
526                 error_setg(errp, "No export with name '%s' available",
527                            wantname);
528                 nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
529                 return -1;
530             }
531             trace_nbd_receive_query_exports_success(wantname);
532             return 0;
533         }
534         list_empty = false;
535         if (!strcmp(name, wantname)) {
536             found_export = true;
537         }
538         g_free(name);
539     }
540 }
541 
542 /*
543  * nbd_request_simple_option: Send an option request, and parse the reply.
544  * @strict controls whether ERR_UNSUP or all errors produce 0 status.
545  * return 1 for successful negotiation,
546  *        0 if operation is unsupported,
547  *        -1 with errp set for any other error
548  */
549 static int nbd_request_simple_option(QIOChannel *ioc, int opt, bool strict,
550                                      Error **errp)
551 {
552     NBDOptionReply reply;
553     int error;
554 
555     if (nbd_send_option_request(ioc, opt, 0, NULL, errp) < 0) {
556         return -1;
557     }
558 
559     if (nbd_receive_option_reply(ioc, opt, &reply, errp) < 0) {
560         return -1;
561     }
562     error = nbd_handle_reply_err(ioc, &reply, strict, errp);
563     if (error <= 0) {
564         return error;
565     }
566 
567     if (reply.type != NBD_REP_ACK) {
568         error_setg(errp, "Server answered option %d (%s) with unexpected "
569                    "reply %" PRIu32 " (%s)", opt, nbd_opt_lookup(opt),
570                    reply.type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply.type));
571         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
572         return -1;
573     }
574 
575     if (reply.length != 0) {
576         error_setg(errp, "Option %d ('%s') response length is %" PRIu32
577                    " (it should be zero)", opt, nbd_opt_lookup(opt),
578                    reply.length);
579         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
580         return -1;
581     }
582 
583     return 1;
584 }
585 
586 static QIOChannel *nbd_receive_starttls(QIOChannel *ioc,
587                                         QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
588                                         const char *hostname, Error **errp)
589 {
590     int ret;
591     QIOChannelTLS *tioc;
592     struct NBDTLSHandshakeData data = { 0 };
593 
594     ret = nbd_request_simple_option(ioc, NBD_OPT_STARTTLS, true, errp);
595     if (ret <= 0) {
596         if (ret == 0) {
597             error_setg(errp, "Server don't support STARTTLS option");
598             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
599         }
600         return NULL;
601     }
602 
603     trace_nbd_receive_starttls_new_client();
604     tioc = qio_channel_tls_new_client(ioc, tlscreds, hostname, errp);
605     if (!tioc) {
606         return NULL;
607     }
608     qio_channel_set_name(QIO_CHANNEL(tioc), "nbd-client-tls");
609     data.loop = g_main_loop_new(g_main_context_default(), FALSE);
610     trace_nbd_receive_starttls_tls_handshake();
611     qio_channel_tls_handshake(tioc,
612                               nbd_tls_handshake,
613                               &data,
614                               NULL,
615                               NULL);
616 
617     if (!data.complete) {
618         g_main_loop_run(data.loop);
619     }
620     g_main_loop_unref(data.loop);
621     if (data.error) {
622         error_propagate(errp, data.error);
623         object_unref(OBJECT(tioc));
624         return NULL;
625     }
626 
627     return QIO_CHANNEL(tioc);
628 }
629 
630 /*
631  * nbd_send_meta_query:
632  * Send 0 or 1 set/list meta context queries.
633  * Return 0 on success, -1 with errp set for any error
634  */
635 static int nbd_send_meta_query(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t opt,
636                                const char *export, const char *query,
637                                Error **errp)
638 {
639     int ret;
640     uint32_t export_len = strlen(export);
641     uint32_t queries = !!query;
642     uint32_t query_len = 0;
643     uint32_t data_len;
644     char *data;
645     char *p;
646 
647     data_len = sizeof(export_len) + export_len + sizeof(queries);
648     if (query) {
649         query_len = strlen(query);
650         data_len += sizeof(query_len) + query_len;
651     } else {
652         assert(opt == NBD_OPT_LIST_META_CONTEXT);
653     }
654     p = data = g_malloc(data_len);
655 
656     trace_nbd_opt_meta_request(nbd_opt_lookup(opt), query ?: "(all)", export);
657     stl_be_p(p, export_len);
658     memcpy(p += sizeof(export_len), export, export_len);
659     stl_be_p(p += export_len, queries);
660     if (query) {
661         stl_be_p(p += sizeof(queries), query_len);
662         memcpy(p += sizeof(query_len), query, query_len);
663     }
664 
665     ret = nbd_send_option_request(ioc, opt, data_len, data, errp);
666     g_free(data);
667     return ret;
668 }
669 
670 /*
671  * nbd_receive_one_meta_context:
672  * Called in a loop to receive and trace one set/list meta context reply.
673  * Pass non-NULL @name or @id to collect results back to the caller, which
674  * must eventually call g_free().
675  * return 1 if name is set and iteration must continue,
676  *        0 if iteration is complete (including if option is unsupported),
677  *        -1 with errp set for any error
678  */
679 static int nbd_receive_one_meta_context(QIOChannel *ioc,
680                                         uint32_t opt,
681                                         char **name,
682                                         uint32_t *id,
683                                         Error **errp)
684 {
685     int ret;
686     NBDOptionReply reply;
687     char *local_name = NULL;
688     uint32_t local_id;
689 
690     if (nbd_receive_option_reply(ioc, opt, &reply, errp) < 0) {
691         return -1;
692     }
693 
694     ret = nbd_handle_reply_err(ioc, &reply, false, errp);
695     if (ret <= 0) {
696         return ret;
697     }
698 
699     if (reply.type == NBD_REP_ACK) {
700         if (reply.length != 0) {
701             error_setg(errp, "Unexpected length to ACK response");
702             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
703             return -1;
704         }
705         return 0;
706     } else if (reply.type != NBD_REP_META_CONTEXT) {
707         error_setg(errp, "Unexpected reply type %u (%s), expected %u (%s)",
708                    reply.type, nbd_rep_lookup(reply.type),
709                    NBD_REP_META_CONTEXT, nbd_rep_lookup(NBD_REP_META_CONTEXT));
710         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
711         return -1;
712     }
713 
714     if (reply.length <= sizeof(local_id) ||
715         reply.length > NBD_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
716         error_setg(errp, "Failed to negotiate meta context, server "
717                    "answered with unexpected length %" PRIu32,
718                    reply.length);
719         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
720         return -1;
721     }
722 
723     if (nbd_read32(ioc, &local_id, "context id", errp) < 0) {
724         return -1;
725     }
726 
727     reply.length -= sizeof(local_id);
728     local_name = g_malloc(reply.length + 1);
729     if (nbd_read(ioc, local_name, reply.length, "context name", errp) < 0) {
730         g_free(local_name);
731         return -1;
732     }
733     local_name[reply.length] = '\0';
734     trace_nbd_opt_meta_reply(nbd_opt_lookup(opt), local_name, local_id);
735 
736     if (name) {
737         *name = local_name;
738     } else {
739         g_free(local_name);
740     }
741     if (id) {
742         *id = local_id;
743     }
744     return 1;
745 }
746 
747 /*
748  * nbd_negotiate_simple_meta_context:
749  * Request the server to set the meta context for export @info->name
750  * using @info->x_dirty_bitmap with a fallback to "base:allocation",
751  * setting @info->context_id to the resulting id. Fail if the server
752  * responds with more than one context or with a context different
753  * than the query.
754  * return 1 for successful negotiation,
755  *        0 if operation is unsupported,
756  *        -1 with errp set for any other error
757  */
758 static int nbd_negotiate_simple_meta_context(QIOChannel *ioc,
759                                              NBDExportInfo *info,
760                                              Error **errp)
761 {
762     /*
763      * TODO: Removing the x_dirty_bitmap hack will mean refactoring
764      * this function to request and store ids for multiple contexts
765      * (both base:allocation and a dirty bitmap), at which point this
766      * function should lose the term _simple.
767      */
768     int ret;
769     const char *context = info->x_dirty_bitmap ?: "base:allocation";
770     bool received = false;
771     char *name = NULL;
772 
773     if (nbd_send_meta_query(ioc, NBD_OPT_SET_META_CONTEXT,
774                             info->name, context, errp) < 0) {
775         return -1;
776     }
777 
778     ret = nbd_receive_one_meta_context(ioc, NBD_OPT_SET_META_CONTEXT,
779                                        &name, &info->context_id, errp);
780     if (ret < 0) {
781         return -1;
782     }
783     if (ret == 1) {
784         if (strcmp(context, name)) {
785             error_setg(errp, "Failed to negotiate meta context '%s', server "
786                        "answered with different context '%s'", context,
787                        name);
788             g_free(name);
789             nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
790             return -1;
791         }
792         g_free(name);
793         received = true;
794 
795         ret = nbd_receive_one_meta_context(ioc, NBD_OPT_SET_META_CONTEXT,
796                                            NULL, NULL, errp);
797         if (ret < 0) {
798             return -1;
799         }
800     }
801     if (ret != 0) {
802         error_setg(errp, "Server answered with more than one context");
803         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
804         return -1;
805     }
806     return received;
807 }
808 
809 /*
810  * nbd_list_meta_contexts:
811  * Request the server to list all meta contexts for export @info->name.
812  * return 0 if list is complete (even if empty),
813  *        -1 with errp set for any error
814  */
815 static int nbd_list_meta_contexts(QIOChannel *ioc,
816                                   NBDExportInfo *info,
817                                   Error **errp)
818 {
819     int ret;
820     int seen_any = false;
821     int seen_qemu = false;
822 
823     if (nbd_send_meta_query(ioc, NBD_OPT_LIST_META_CONTEXT,
824                             info->name, NULL, errp) < 0) {
825         return -1;
826     }
827 
828     while (1) {
829         char *context;
830 
831         ret = nbd_receive_one_meta_context(ioc, NBD_OPT_LIST_META_CONTEXT,
832                                            &context, NULL, errp);
833         if (ret == 0 && seen_any && !seen_qemu) {
834             /*
835              * Work around qemu 3.0 bug: the server forgot to send
836              * "qemu:" replies to 0 queries. If we saw at least one
837              * reply (probably base:allocation), but none of them were
838              * qemu:, then run a more specific query to make sure.
839              */
840             seen_qemu = true;
841             if (nbd_send_meta_query(ioc, NBD_OPT_LIST_META_CONTEXT,
842                                     info->name, "qemu:", errp) < 0) {
843                 return -1;
844             }
845             continue;
846         }
847         if (ret <= 0) {
848             return ret;
849         }
850         seen_any = true;
851         seen_qemu |= strstart(context, "qemu:", NULL);
852         info->contexts = g_renew(char *, info->contexts, ++info->n_contexts);
853         info->contexts[info->n_contexts - 1] = context;
854     }
855 }
856 
857 /*
858  * nbd_start_negotiate:
859  * Start the handshake to the server.  After a positive return, the server
860  * is ready to accept additional NBD_OPT requests.
861  * Returns: negative errno: failure talking to server
862  *          0: server is oldstyle, must call nbd_negotiate_finish_oldstyle
863  *          1: server is newstyle, but can only accept EXPORT_NAME
864  *          2: server is newstyle, but lacks structured replies
865  *          3: server is newstyle and set up for structured replies
866  */
867 static int nbd_start_negotiate(AioContext *aio_context, QIOChannel *ioc,
868                                QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
869                                const char *hostname, QIOChannel **outioc,
870                                bool structured_reply, bool *zeroes,
871                                Error **errp)
872 {
873     uint64_t magic;
874 
875     trace_nbd_start_negotiate(tlscreds, hostname ? hostname : "<null>");
876 
877     if (zeroes) {
878         *zeroes = true;
879     }
880     if (outioc) {
881         *outioc = NULL;
882     }
883     if (tlscreds && !outioc) {
884         error_setg(errp, "Output I/O channel required for TLS");
885         return -EINVAL;
886     }
887 
888     if (nbd_read64(ioc, &magic, "initial magic", errp) < 0) {
889         return -EINVAL;
890     }
891     trace_nbd_receive_negotiate_magic(magic);
892 
893     if (magic != NBD_INIT_MAGIC) {
894         error_setg(errp, "Bad initial magic received: 0x%" PRIx64, magic);
895         return -EINVAL;
896     }
897 
898     if (nbd_read64(ioc, &magic, "server magic", errp) < 0) {
899         return -EINVAL;
900     }
901     trace_nbd_receive_negotiate_magic(magic);
902 
903     if (magic == NBD_OPTS_MAGIC) {
904         uint32_t clientflags = 0;
905         uint16_t globalflags;
906         bool fixedNewStyle = false;
907 
908         if (nbd_read16(ioc, &globalflags, "server flags", errp) < 0) {
909             return -EINVAL;
910         }
911         trace_nbd_receive_negotiate_server_flags(globalflags);
912         if (globalflags & NBD_FLAG_FIXED_NEWSTYLE) {
913             fixedNewStyle = true;
914             clientflags |= NBD_FLAG_C_FIXED_NEWSTYLE;
915         }
916         if (globalflags & NBD_FLAG_NO_ZEROES) {
917             if (zeroes) {
918                 *zeroes = false;
919             }
920             clientflags |= NBD_FLAG_C_NO_ZEROES;
921         }
922         /* client requested flags */
923         clientflags = cpu_to_be32(clientflags);
924         if (nbd_write(ioc, &clientflags, sizeof(clientflags), errp) < 0) {
925             error_prepend(errp, "Failed to send clientflags field: ");
926             return -EINVAL;
927         }
928         if (tlscreds) {
929             if (fixedNewStyle) {
930                 *outioc = nbd_receive_starttls(ioc, tlscreds, hostname, errp);
931                 if (!*outioc) {
932                     return -EINVAL;
933                 }
934                 ioc = *outioc;
935                 if (aio_context) {
936                     qio_channel_set_blocking(ioc, false, NULL);
937                     qio_channel_attach_aio_context(ioc, aio_context);
938                 }
939             } else {
940                 error_setg(errp, "Server does not support STARTTLS");
941                 return -EINVAL;
942             }
943         }
944         if (fixedNewStyle) {
945             int result = 0;
946 
947             if (structured_reply) {
948                 result = nbd_request_simple_option(ioc,
949                                                    NBD_OPT_STRUCTURED_REPLY,
950                                                    false, errp);
951                 if (result < 0) {
952                     return -EINVAL;
953                 }
954             }
955             return 2 + result;
956         } else {
957             return 1;
958         }
959     } else if (magic == NBD_CLIENT_MAGIC) {
960         if (tlscreds) {
961             error_setg(errp, "Server does not support STARTTLS");
962             return -EINVAL;
963         }
964         return 0;
965     } else {
966         error_setg(errp, "Bad server magic received: 0x%" PRIx64, magic);
967         return -EINVAL;
968     }
969 }
970 
971 /*
972  * nbd_negotiate_finish_oldstyle:
973  * Populate @info with the size and export flags from an oldstyle server,
974  * but does not consume 124 bytes of reserved zero padding.
975  * Returns 0 on success, -1 with @errp set on failure
976  */
977 static int nbd_negotiate_finish_oldstyle(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDExportInfo *info,
978                                          Error **errp)
979 {
980     uint32_t oldflags;
981 
982     if (nbd_read64(ioc, &info->size, "export length", errp) < 0) {
983         return -EINVAL;
984     }
985 
986     if (nbd_read32(ioc, &oldflags, "export flags", errp) < 0) {
987         return -EINVAL;
988     }
989     if (oldflags & ~0xffff) {
990         error_setg(errp, "Unexpected export flags %0x" PRIx32, oldflags);
991         return -EINVAL;
992     }
993     info->flags = oldflags;
994     return 0;
995 }
996 
997 /*
998  * nbd_receive_negotiate:
999  * Connect to server, complete negotiation, and move into transmission phase.
1000  * Returns: negative errno: failure talking to server
1001  *          0: server is connected
1002  */
1003 int nbd_receive_negotiate(AioContext *aio_context, QIOChannel *ioc,
1004                           QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
1005                           const char *hostname, QIOChannel **outioc,
1006                           NBDExportInfo *info, Error **errp)
1007 {
1008     int result;
1009     bool zeroes;
1010     bool base_allocation = info->base_allocation;
1011 
1012     assert(info->name);
1013     trace_nbd_receive_negotiate_name(info->name);
1014 
1015     result = nbd_start_negotiate(aio_context, ioc, tlscreds, hostname, outioc,
1016                                  info->structured_reply, &zeroes, errp);
1017 
1018     info->structured_reply = false;
1019     info->base_allocation = false;
1020     if (tlscreds && *outioc) {
1021         ioc = *outioc;
1022     }
1023 
1024     switch (result) {
1025     case 3: /* newstyle, with structured replies */
1026         info->structured_reply = true;
1027         if (base_allocation) {
1028             result = nbd_negotiate_simple_meta_context(ioc, info, errp);
1029             if (result < 0) {
1030                 return -EINVAL;
1031             }
1032             info->base_allocation = result == 1;
1033         }
1034         /* fall through */
1035     case 2: /* newstyle, try OPT_GO */
1036         /* Try NBD_OPT_GO first - if it works, we are done (it
1037          * also gives us a good message if the server requires
1038          * TLS).  If it is not available, fall back to
1039          * NBD_OPT_LIST for nicer error messages about a missing
1040          * export, then use NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME.  */
1041         result = nbd_opt_info_or_go(ioc, NBD_OPT_GO, info, errp);
1042         if (result < 0) {
1043             return -EINVAL;
1044         }
1045         if (result > 0) {
1046             return 0;
1047         }
1048         /* Check our desired export is present in the
1049          * server export list. Since NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME
1050          * cannot return an error message, running this
1051          * query gives us better error reporting if the
1052          * export name is not available.
1053          */
1054         if (nbd_receive_query_exports(ioc, info->name, errp) < 0) {
1055             return -EINVAL;
1056         }
1057         /* fall through */
1058     case 1: /* newstyle, but limited to EXPORT_NAME */
1059         /* write the export name request */
1060         if (nbd_send_option_request(ioc, NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME, -1, info->name,
1061                                     errp) < 0) {
1062             return -EINVAL;
1063         }
1064 
1065         /* Read the response */
1066         if (nbd_read64(ioc, &info->size, "export length", errp) < 0) {
1067             return -EINVAL;
1068         }
1069 
1070         if (nbd_read16(ioc, &info->flags, "export flags", errp) < 0) {
1071             return -EINVAL;
1072         }
1073         break;
1074     case 0: /* oldstyle, parse length and flags */
1075         if (*info->name) {
1076             error_setg(errp, "Server does not support non-empty export names");
1077             return -EINVAL;
1078         }
1079         if (nbd_negotiate_finish_oldstyle(ioc, info, errp) < 0) {
1080             return -EINVAL;
1081         }
1082         break;
1083     default:
1084         return result;
1085     }
1086 
1087     trace_nbd_receive_negotiate_size_flags(info->size, info->flags);
1088     if (zeroes && nbd_drop(ioc, 124, errp) < 0) {
1089         error_prepend(errp, "Failed to read reserved block: ");
1090         return -EINVAL;
1091     }
1092     return 0;
1093 }
1094 
1095 /* Clean up result of nbd_receive_export_list */
1096 void nbd_free_export_list(NBDExportInfo *info, int count)
1097 {
1098     int i, j;
1099 
1100     if (!info) {
1101         return;
1102     }
1103 
1104     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1105         g_free(info[i].name);
1106         g_free(info[i].description);
1107         for (j = 0; j < info[i].n_contexts; j++) {
1108             g_free(info[i].contexts[j]);
1109         }
1110         g_free(info[i].contexts);
1111     }
1112     g_free(info);
1113 }
1114 
1115 /*
1116  * nbd_receive_export_list:
1117  * Query details about a server's exports, then disconnect without
1118  * going into transmission phase. Return a count of the exports listed
1119  * in @info by the server, or -1 on error. Caller must free @info using
1120  * nbd_free_export_list().
1121  */
1122 int nbd_receive_export_list(QIOChannel *ioc, QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
1123                             const char *hostname, NBDExportInfo **info,
1124                             Error **errp)
1125 {
1126     int result;
1127     int count = 0;
1128     int i;
1129     int rc;
1130     int ret = -1;
1131     NBDExportInfo *array = NULL;
1132     QIOChannel *sioc = NULL;
1133 
1134     *info = NULL;
1135     result = nbd_start_negotiate(NULL, ioc, tlscreds, hostname, &sioc, true,
1136                                  NULL, errp);
1137     if (tlscreds && sioc) {
1138         ioc = sioc;
1139     }
1140 
1141     switch (result) {
1142     case 2:
1143     case 3:
1144         /* newstyle - use NBD_OPT_LIST to populate array, then try
1145          * NBD_OPT_INFO on each array member. If structured replies
1146          * are enabled, also try NBD_OPT_LIST_META_CONTEXT. */
1147         if (nbd_send_option_request(ioc, NBD_OPT_LIST, 0, NULL, errp) < 0) {
1148             goto out;
1149         }
1150         while (1) {
1151             char *name;
1152             char *desc;
1153 
1154             rc = nbd_receive_list(ioc, &name, &desc, errp);
1155             if (rc < 0) {
1156                 goto out;
1157             } else if (rc == 0) {
1158                 break;
1159             }
1160             array = g_renew(NBDExportInfo, array, ++count);
1161             memset(&array[count - 1], 0, sizeof(*array));
1162             array[count - 1].name = name;
1163             array[count - 1].description = desc;
1164             array[count - 1].structured_reply = result == 3;
1165         }
1166 
1167         for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1168             array[i].request_sizes = true;
1169             rc = nbd_opt_info_or_go(ioc, NBD_OPT_INFO, &array[i], errp);
1170             if (rc < 0) {
1171                 goto out;
1172             } else if (rc == 0) {
1173                 /*
1174                  * Pointless to try rest of loop. If OPT_INFO doesn't work,
1175                  * it's unlikely that meta contexts work either
1176                  */
1177                 break;
1178             }
1179 
1180             if (result == 3 &&
1181                 nbd_list_meta_contexts(ioc, &array[i], errp) < 0) {
1182                 goto out;
1183             }
1184         }
1185 
1186         /* Send NBD_OPT_ABORT as a courtesy before hanging up */
1187         nbd_send_opt_abort(ioc);
1188         break;
1189     case 1: /* newstyle, but limited to EXPORT_NAME */
1190         error_setg(errp, "Server does not support export lists");
1191         /* We can't even send NBD_OPT_ABORT, so merely hang up */
1192         goto out;
1193     case 0: /* oldstyle, parse length and flags */
1194         array = g_new0(NBDExportInfo, 1);
1195         array->name = g_strdup("");
1196         count = 1;
1197 
1198         if (nbd_negotiate_finish_oldstyle(ioc, array, errp) < 0) {
1199             goto out;
1200         }
1201 
1202         /* Send NBD_CMD_DISC as a courtesy to the server, but ignore all
1203          * errors now that we have the information we wanted. */
1204         if (nbd_drop(ioc, 124, NULL) == 0) {
1205             NBDRequest request = { .type = NBD_CMD_DISC };
1206 
1207             nbd_send_request(ioc, &request);
1208         }
1209         break;
1210     default:
1211         goto out;
1212     }
1213 
1214     *info = array;
1215     array = NULL;
1216     ret = count;
1217 
1218  out:
1219     qio_channel_shutdown(ioc, QIO_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN_BOTH, NULL);
1220     qio_channel_close(ioc, NULL);
1221     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
1222     nbd_free_export_list(array, count);
1223     return ret;
1224 }
1225 
1226 #ifdef __linux__
1227 int nbd_init(int fd, QIOChannelSocket *sioc, NBDExportInfo *info,
1228              Error **errp)
1229 {
1230     unsigned long sector_size = MAX(BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, info->min_block);
1231     unsigned long sectors = info->size / sector_size;
1232 
1233     /* FIXME: Once the kernel module is patched to honor block sizes,
1234      * and to advertise that fact to user space, we should update the
1235      * hand-off to the kernel to use any block sizes we learned. */
1236     assert(!info->request_sizes);
1237     if (info->size / sector_size != sectors) {
1238         error_setg(errp, "Export size %" PRIu64 " too large for 32-bit kernel",
1239                    info->size);
1240         return -E2BIG;
1241     }
1242 
1243     trace_nbd_init_set_socket();
1244 
1245     if (ioctl(fd, NBD_SET_SOCK, (unsigned long) sioc->fd) < 0) {
1246         int serrno = errno;
1247         error_setg(errp, "Failed to set NBD socket");
1248         return -serrno;
1249     }
1250 
1251     trace_nbd_init_set_block_size(sector_size);
1252 
1253     if (ioctl(fd, NBD_SET_BLKSIZE, sector_size) < 0) {
1254         int serrno = errno;
1255         error_setg(errp, "Failed setting NBD block size");
1256         return -serrno;
1257     }
1258 
1259     trace_nbd_init_set_size(sectors);
1260     if (info->size % sector_size) {
1261         trace_nbd_init_trailing_bytes(info->size % sector_size);
1262     }
1263 
1264     if (ioctl(fd, NBD_SET_SIZE_BLOCKS, sectors) < 0) {
1265         int serrno = errno;
1266         error_setg(errp, "Failed setting size (in blocks)");
1267         return -serrno;
1268     }
1269 
1270     if (ioctl(fd, NBD_SET_FLAGS, (unsigned long) info->flags) < 0) {
1271         if (errno == ENOTTY) {
1272             int read_only = (info->flags & NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY) != 0;
1273             trace_nbd_init_set_readonly();
1274 
1275             if (ioctl(fd, BLKROSET, (unsigned long) &read_only) < 0) {
1276                 int serrno = errno;
1277                 error_setg(errp, "Failed setting read-only attribute");
1278                 return -serrno;
1279             }
1280         } else {
1281             int serrno = errno;
1282             error_setg(errp, "Failed setting flags");
1283             return -serrno;
1284         }
1285     }
1286 
1287     trace_nbd_init_finish();
1288 
1289     return 0;
1290 }
1291 
1292 int nbd_client(int fd)
1293 {
1294     int ret;
1295     int serrno;
1296 
1297     trace_nbd_client_loop();
1298 
1299     ret = ioctl(fd, NBD_DO_IT);
1300     if (ret < 0 && errno == EPIPE) {
1301         /* NBD_DO_IT normally returns EPIPE when someone has disconnected
1302          * the socket via NBD_DISCONNECT.  We do not want to return 1 in
1303          * that case.
1304          */
1305         ret = 0;
1306     }
1307     serrno = errno;
1308 
1309     trace_nbd_client_loop_ret(ret, strerror(serrno));
1310 
1311     trace_nbd_client_clear_queue();
1312     ioctl(fd, NBD_CLEAR_QUE);
1313 
1314     trace_nbd_client_clear_socket();
1315     ioctl(fd, NBD_CLEAR_SOCK);
1316 
1317     errno = serrno;
1318     return ret;
1319 }
1320 
1321 int nbd_disconnect(int fd)
1322 {
1323     ioctl(fd, NBD_CLEAR_QUE);
1324     ioctl(fd, NBD_DISCONNECT);
1325     ioctl(fd, NBD_CLEAR_SOCK);
1326     return 0;
1327 }
1328 
1329 #endif /* __linux__ */
1330 
1331 int nbd_send_request(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDRequest *request)
1332 {
1333     uint8_t buf[NBD_REQUEST_SIZE];
1334 
1335     trace_nbd_send_request(request->from, request->len, request->handle,
1336                            request->flags, request->type,
1337                            nbd_cmd_lookup(request->type));
1338 
1339     stl_be_p(buf, NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC);
1340     stw_be_p(buf + 4, request->flags);
1341     stw_be_p(buf + 6, request->type);
1342     stq_be_p(buf + 8, request->handle);
1343     stq_be_p(buf + 16, request->from);
1344     stl_be_p(buf + 24, request->len);
1345 
1346     return nbd_write(ioc, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL);
1347 }
1348 
1349 /* nbd_receive_simple_reply
1350  * Read simple reply except magic field (which should be already read).
1351  * Payload is not read (payload is possible for CMD_READ, but here we even
1352  * don't know whether it take place or not).
1353  */
1354 static int nbd_receive_simple_reply(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDSimpleReply *reply,
1355                                     Error **errp)
1356 {
1357     int ret;
1358 
1359     assert(reply->magic == NBD_SIMPLE_REPLY_MAGIC);
1360 
1361     ret = nbd_read(ioc, (uint8_t *)reply + sizeof(reply->magic),
1362                    sizeof(*reply) - sizeof(reply->magic), "reply", errp);
1363     if (ret < 0) {
1364         return ret;
1365     }
1366 
1367     reply->error = be32_to_cpu(reply->error);
1368     reply->handle = be64_to_cpu(reply->handle);
1369 
1370     return 0;
1371 }
1372 
1373 /* nbd_receive_structured_reply_chunk
1374  * Read structured reply chunk except magic field (which should be already
1375  * read).
1376  * Payload is not read.
1377  */
1378 static int nbd_receive_structured_reply_chunk(QIOChannel *ioc,
1379                                               NBDStructuredReplyChunk *chunk,
1380                                               Error **errp)
1381 {
1382     int ret;
1383 
1384     assert(chunk->magic == NBD_STRUCTURED_REPLY_MAGIC);
1385 
1386     ret = nbd_read(ioc, (uint8_t *)chunk + sizeof(chunk->magic),
1387                    sizeof(*chunk) - sizeof(chunk->magic), "structured chunk",
1388                    errp);
1389     if (ret < 0) {
1390         return ret;
1391     }
1392 
1393     chunk->flags = be16_to_cpu(chunk->flags);
1394     chunk->type = be16_to_cpu(chunk->type);
1395     chunk->handle = be64_to_cpu(chunk->handle);
1396     chunk->length = be32_to_cpu(chunk->length);
1397 
1398     return 0;
1399 }
1400 
1401 /* nbd_read_eof
1402  * Tries to read @size bytes from @ioc.
1403  * Returns 1 on success
1404  *         0 on eof, when no data was read (errp is not set)
1405  *         negative errno on failure (errp is set)
1406  */
1407 static inline int coroutine_fn
1408 nbd_read_eof(BlockDriverState *bs, QIOChannel *ioc, void *buffer, size_t size,
1409              Error **errp)
1410 {
1411     bool partial = false;
1412 
1413     assert(size);
1414     while (size > 0) {
1415         struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = buffer, .iov_len = size };
1416         ssize_t len;
1417 
1418         len = qio_channel_readv(ioc, &iov, 1, errp);
1419         if (len == QIO_CHANNEL_ERR_BLOCK) {
1420             bdrv_dec_in_flight(bs);
1421             qio_channel_yield(ioc, G_IO_IN);
1422             bdrv_inc_in_flight(bs);
1423             continue;
1424         } else if (len < 0) {
1425             return -EIO;
1426         } else if (len == 0) {
1427             if (partial) {
1428                 error_setg(errp,
1429                            "Unexpected end-of-file before all bytes were read");
1430                 return -EIO;
1431             } else {
1432                 return 0;
1433             }
1434         }
1435 
1436         partial = true;
1437         size -= len;
1438         buffer = (uint8_t*) buffer + len;
1439     }
1440     return 1;
1441 }
1442 
1443 /* nbd_receive_reply
1444  *
1445  * Decreases bs->in_flight while waiting for a new reply. This yield is where
1446  * we wait indefinitely and the coroutine must be able to be safely reentered
1447  * for nbd_client_attach_aio_context().
1448  *
1449  * Returns 1 on success
1450  *         0 on eof, when no data was read (errp is not set)
1451  *         negative errno on failure (errp is set)
1452  */
1453 int coroutine_fn nbd_receive_reply(BlockDriverState *bs, QIOChannel *ioc,
1454                                    NBDReply *reply, Error **errp)
1455 {
1456     int ret;
1457     const char *type;
1458 
1459     ret = nbd_read_eof(bs, ioc, &reply->magic, sizeof(reply->magic), errp);
1460     if (ret <= 0) {
1461         return ret;
1462     }
1463 
1464     reply->magic = be32_to_cpu(reply->magic);
1465 
1466     switch (reply->magic) {
1467     case NBD_SIMPLE_REPLY_MAGIC:
1468         ret = nbd_receive_simple_reply(ioc, &reply->simple, errp);
1469         if (ret < 0) {
1470             break;
1471         }
1472         trace_nbd_receive_simple_reply(reply->simple.error,
1473                                        nbd_err_lookup(reply->simple.error),
1474                                        reply->handle);
1475         break;
1476     case NBD_STRUCTURED_REPLY_MAGIC:
1477         ret = nbd_receive_structured_reply_chunk(ioc, &reply->structured, errp);
1478         if (ret < 0) {
1479             break;
1480         }
1481         type = nbd_reply_type_lookup(reply->structured.type);
1482         trace_nbd_receive_structured_reply_chunk(reply->structured.flags,
1483                                                  reply->structured.type, type,
1484                                                  reply->structured.handle,
1485                                                  reply->structured.length);
1486         break;
1487     default:
1488         error_setg(errp, "invalid magic (got 0x%" PRIx32 ")", reply->magic);
1489         return -EINVAL;
1490     }
1491     if (ret < 0) {
1492         return ret;
1493     }
1494 
1495     return 1;
1496 }
1497 
1498