xref: /qemu/tests/vm/basevm.py (revision 4305d482) 
1#!/usr/bin/env python
2#
3# VM testing base class
4#
5# Copyright 2017-2019 Red Hat Inc.
6#
7# Authors:
8#  Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
9#  Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
10#
11# This code is licensed under the GPL version 2 or later.  See
12# the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
13#
14
15from __future__ import print_function
16import os
17import re
18import sys
19import socket
20import logging
21import time
22import datetime
23sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..', 'python'))
24from qemu.accel import kvm_available
25from qemu.machine import QEMUMachine
26import subprocess
27import hashlib
28import optparse
29import atexit
30import tempfile
31import shutil
32import multiprocessing
33import traceback
34
35SSH_KEY = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
36               "..", "keys", "id_rsa")).read()
37SSH_PUB_KEY = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
38                   "..", "keys", "id_rsa.pub")).read()
39
40class BaseVM(object):
41    GUEST_USER = "qemu"
42    GUEST_PASS = "qemupass"
43    ROOT_PASS = "qemupass"
44
45    envvars = [
46        "https_proxy",
47        "http_proxy",
48        "ftp_proxy",
49        "no_proxy",
50    ]
51
52    # The script to run in the guest that builds QEMU
53    BUILD_SCRIPT = ""
54    # The guest name, to be overridden by subclasses
55    name = "#base"
56    # The guest architecture, to be overridden by subclasses
57    arch = "#arch"
58    # command to halt the guest, can be overridden by subclasses
59    poweroff = "poweroff"
60    # enable IPv6 networking
61    ipv6 = True
62    def __init__(self, debug=False, vcpus=None):
63        self._guest = None
64        self._tmpdir = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="vm-test-",
65                                                         suffix=".tmp",
66                                                         dir="."))
67        atexit.register(shutil.rmtree, self._tmpdir)
68
69        self._ssh_key_file = os.path.join(self._tmpdir, "id_rsa")
70        open(self._ssh_key_file, "w").write(SSH_KEY)
71        subprocess.check_call(["chmod", "600", self._ssh_key_file])
72
73        self._ssh_pub_key_file = os.path.join(self._tmpdir, "id_rsa.pub")
74        open(self._ssh_pub_key_file, "w").write(SSH_PUB_KEY)
75
76        self.debug = debug
77        self._stderr = sys.stderr
78        self._devnull = open(os.devnull, "w")
79        if self.debug:
80            self._stdout = sys.stdout
81        else:
82            self._stdout = self._devnull
83        self._args = [ \
84            "-nodefaults", "-m", "4G",
85            "-cpu", "max",
86            "-netdev", "user,id=vnet,hostfwd=:127.0.0.1:0-:22" +
87                       (",ipv6=no" if not self.ipv6 else ""),
88            "-device", "virtio-net-pci,netdev=vnet",
89            "-vnc", "127.0.0.1:0,to=20"]
90        if vcpus and vcpus > 1:
91            self._args += ["-smp", "%d" % vcpus]
92        if kvm_available(self.arch):
93            self._args += ["-enable-kvm"]
94        else:
95            logging.info("KVM not available, not using -enable-kvm")
96        self._data_args = []
97
98    def _download_with_cache(self, url, sha256sum=None, sha512sum=None):
99        def check_sha256sum(fname):
100            if not sha256sum:
101                return True
102            checksum = subprocess.check_output(["sha256sum", fname]).split()[0]
103            return sha256sum == checksum.decode("utf-8")
104
105        def check_sha512sum(fname):
106            if not sha512sum:
107                return True
108            checksum = subprocess.check_output(["sha512sum", fname]).split()[0]
109            return sha512sum == checksum.decode("utf-8")
110
111        cache_dir = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache/qemu-vm/download")
112        if not os.path.exists(cache_dir):
113            os.makedirs(cache_dir)
114        fname = os.path.join(cache_dir,
115                             hashlib.sha1(url.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest())
116        if os.path.exists(fname) and check_sha256sum(fname) and check_sha512sum(fname):
117            return fname
118        logging.debug("Downloading %s to %s...", url, fname)
119        subprocess.check_call(["wget", "-c", url, "-O", fname + ".download"],
120                              stdout=self._stdout, stderr=self._stderr)
121        os.rename(fname + ".download", fname)
122        return fname
123
124    def _ssh_do(self, user, cmd, check):
125        ssh_cmd = ["ssh", "-q", "-t",
126                   "-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=no",
127                   "-o", "UserKnownHostsFile=" + os.devnull,
128                   "-o", "ConnectTimeout=1",
129                   "-p", self.ssh_port, "-i", self._ssh_key_file]
130        for var in self.envvars:
131            ssh_cmd += ['-o', "SendEnv=%s" % var ]
132        assert not isinstance(cmd, str)
133        ssh_cmd += ["%s@127.0.0.1" % user] + list(cmd)
134        logging.debug("ssh_cmd: %s", " ".join(ssh_cmd))
135        r = subprocess.call(ssh_cmd)
136        if check and r != 0:
137            raise Exception("SSH command failed: %s" % cmd)
138        return r
139
140    def ssh(self, *cmd):
141        return self._ssh_do(self.GUEST_USER, cmd, False)
142
143    def ssh_root(self, *cmd):
144        return self._ssh_do("root", cmd, False)
145
146    def ssh_check(self, *cmd):
147        self._ssh_do(self.GUEST_USER, cmd, True)
148
149    def ssh_root_check(self, *cmd):
150        self._ssh_do("root", cmd, True)
151
152    def build_image(self, img):
153        raise NotImplementedError
154
155    def exec_qemu_img(self, *args):
156        cmd = [os.environ.get("QEMU_IMG", "qemu-img")]
157        cmd.extend(list(args))
158        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
159
160    def add_source_dir(self, src_dir):
161        name = "data-" + hashlib.sha1(src_dir.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()[:5]
162        tarfile = os.path.join(self._tmpdir, name + ".tar")
163        logging.debug("Creating archive %s for src_dir dir: %s", tarfile, src_dir)
164        subprocess.check_call(["./scripts/archive-source.sh", tarfile],
165                              cwd=src_dir, stdin=self._devnull,
166                              stdout=self._stdout, stderr=self._stderr)
167        self._data_args += ["-drive",
168                            "file=%s,if=none,id=%s,cache=writeback,format=raw" % \
169                                    (tarfile, name),
170                            "-device",
171                            "virtio-blk,drive=%s,serial=%s,bootindex=1" % (name, name)]
172
173    def boot(self, img, extra_args=[]):
174        args = self._args + [
175            "-device", "VGA",
176            "-drive", "file=%s,if=none,id=drive0,cache=writeback" % img,
177            "-device", "virtio-blk,drive=drive0,bootindex=0"]
178        args += self._data_args + extra_args
179        logging.debug("QEMU args: %s", " ".join(args))
180        qemu_bin = os.environ.get("QEMU", "qemu-system-" + self.arch)
181        guest = QEMUMachine(binary=qemu_bin, args=args)
182        guest.set_machine('pc')
183        guest.set_console()
184        try:
185            guest.launch()
186        except:
187            logging.error("Failed to launch QEMU, command line:")
188            logging.error(" ".join([qemu_bin] + args))
189            logging.error("Log:")
190            logging.error(guest.get_log())
191            logging.error("QEMU version >= 2.10 is required")
192            raise
193        atexit.register(self.shutdown)
194        self._guest = guest
195        usernet_info = guest.qmp("human-monitor-command",
196                                 command_line="info usernet")
197        self.ssh_port = None
198        for l in usernet_info["return"].splitlines():
199            fields = l.split()
200            if "TCP[HOST_FORWARD]" in fields and "22" in fields:
201                self.ssh_port = l.split()[3]
202        if not self.ssh_port:
203            raise Exception("Cannot find ssh port from 'info usernet':\n%s" % \
204                            usernet_info)
205
206    def console_init(self, timeout = 120):
207        vm = self._guest
208        vm.console_socket.settimeout(timeout)
209
210    def console_log(self, text):
211        for line in re.split("[\r\n]", text):
212            # filter out terminal escape sequences
213            line = re.sub("\x1b\[[0-9;?]*[a-zA-Z]", "", line)
214            line = re.sub("\x1b\([0-9;?]*[a-zA-Z]", "", line)
215            # replace unprintable chars
216            line = re.sub("\x1b", "<esc>", line)
217            line = re.sub("[\x00-\x1f]", ".", line)
218            line = re.sub("[\x80-\xff]", ".", line)
219            if line == "":
220                continue
221            # log console line
222            sys.stderr.write("con recv: %s\n" % line)
223
224    def console_wait(self, expect, expectalt = None):
225        vm = self._guest
226        output = ""
227        while True:
228            try:
229                chars = vm.console_socket.recv(1)
230            except socket.timeout:
231                sys.stderr.write("console: *** read timeout ***\n")
232                sys.stderr.write("console: waiting for: '%s'\n" % expect)
233                if not expectalt is None:
234                    sys.stderr.write("console: waiting for: '%s' (alt)\n" % expectalt)
235                sys.stderr.write("console: line buffer:\n")
236                sys.stderr.write("\n")
237                self.console_log(output.rstrip())
238                sys.stderr.write("\n")
239                raise
240            output += chars.decode("latin1")
241            if expect in output:
242                break
243            if not expectalt is None and expectalt in output:
244                break
245            if "\r" in output or "\n" in output:
246                lines = re.split("[\r\n]", output)
247                output = lines.pop()
248                if self.debug:
249                    self.console_log("\n".join(lines))
250        if self.debug:
251            self.console_log(output)
252        if not expectalt is None and expectalt in output:
253            return False
254        return True
255
256    def console_consume(self):
257        vm = self._guest
258        output = ""
259        vm.console_socket.setblocking(0)
260        while True:
261            try:
262                chars = vm.console_socket.recv(1)
263            except:
264                break
265            output += chars.decode("latin1")
266            if "\r" in output or "\n" in output:
267                lines = re.split("[\r\n]", output)
268                output = lines.pop()
269                if self.debug:
270                    self.console_log("\n".join(lines))
271        if self.debug:
272            self.console_log(output)
273        vm.console_socket.setblocking(1)
274
275    def console_send(self, command):
276        vm = self._guest
277        if self.debug:
278            logline = re.sub("\n", "<enter>", command)
279            logline = re.sub("[\x00-\x1f]", ".", logline)
280            sys.stderr.write("con send: %s\n" % logline)
281        for char in list(command):
282            vm.console_socket.send(char.encode("utf-8"))
283            time.sleep(0.01)
284
285    def console_wait_send(self, wait, command):
286        self.console_wait(wait)
287        self.console_send(command)
288
289    def console_ssh_init(self, prompt, user, pw):
290        sshkey_cmd = "echo '%s' > .ssh/authorized_keys\n" % SSH_PUB_KEY.rstrip()
291        self.console_wait_send("login:",    "%s\n" % user)
292        self.console_wait_send("Password:", "%s\n" % pw)
293        self.console_wait_send(prompt,      "mkdir .ssh\n")
294        self.console_wait_send(prompt,      sshkey_cmd)
295        self.console_wait_send(prompt,      "chmod 755 .ssh\n")
296        self.console_wait_send(prompt,      "chmod 644 .ssh/authorized_keys\n")
297
298    def console_sshd_config(self, prompt):
299        self.console_wait(prompt)
300        self.console_send("echo 'PermitRootLogin yes' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n")
301        for var in self.envvars:
302            self.console_wait(prompt)
303            self.console_send("echo 'AcceptEnv %s' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n" % var)
304
305    def print_step(self, text):
306        sys.stderr.write("### %s ...\n" % text)
307
308    def wait_ssh(self, seconds=300):
309        starttime = datetime.datetime.now()
310        endtime = starttime + datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds)
311        guest_up = False
312        while datetime.datetime.now() < endtime:
313            if self.ssh("exit 0") == 0:
314                guest_up = True
315                break
316            seconds = (endtime - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()
317            logging.debug("%ds before timeout", seconds)
318            time.sleep(1)
319        if not guest_up:
320            raise Exception("Timeout while waiting for guest ssh")
321
322    def shutdown(self):
323        self._guest.shutdown()
324
325    def wait(self):
326        self._guest.wait()
327
328    def graceful_shutdown(self):
329        self.ssh_root(self.poweroff)
330        self._guest.wait()
331
332    def qmp(self, *args, **kwargs):
333        return self._guest.qmp(*args, **kwargs)
334
335def parse_args(vmcls):
336
337    def get_default_jobs():
338        if kvm_available(vmcls.arch):
339            return multiprocessing.cpu_count() // 2
340        else:
341            return 1
342
343    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
344        description="VM test utility.  Exit codes: "
345                    "0 = success, "
346                    "1 = command line error, "
347                    "2 = environment initialization failed, "
348                    "3 = test command failed")
349    parser.add_option("--debug", "-D", action="store_true",
350                      help="enable debug output")
351    parser.add_option("--image", "-i", default="%s.img" % vmcls.name,
352                      help="image file name")
353    parser.add_option("--force", "-f", action="store_true",
354                      help="force build image even if image exists")
355    parser.add_option("--jobs", type=int, default=get_default_jobs(),
356                      help="number of virtual CPUs")
357    parser.add_option("--verbose", "-V", action="store_true",
358                      help="Pass V=1 to builds within the guest")
359    parser.add_option("--build-image", "-b", action="store_true",
360                      help="build image")
361    parser.add_option("--build-qemu",
362                      help="build QEMU from source in guest")
363    parser.add_option("--build-target",
364                      help="QEMU build target", default="check")
365    parser.add_option("--interactive", "-I", action="store_true",
366                      help="Interactively run command")
367    parser.add_option("--snapshot", "-s", action="store_true",
368                      help="run tests with a snapshot")
369    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
370    return parser.parse_args()
371
372def main(vmcls):
373    try:
374        args, argv = parse_args(vmcls)
375        if not argv and not args.build_qemu and not args.build_image:
376            print("Nothing to do?")
377            return 1
378        logging.basicConfig(level=(logging.DEBUG if args.debug
379                                   else logging.WARN))
380        vm = vmcls(debug=args.debug, vcpus=args.jobs)
381        if args.build_image:
382            if os.path.exists(args.image) and not args.force:
383                sys.stderr.writelines(["Image file exists: %s\n" % args.image,
384                                      "Use --force option to overwrite\n"])
385                return 1
386            return vm.build_image(args.image)
387        if args.build_qemu:
388            vm.add_source_dir(args.build_qemu)
389            cmd = [vm.BUILD_SCRIPT.format(
390                   configure_opts = " ".join(argv),
391                   jobs=int(args.jobs),
392                   target=args.build_target,
393                   verbose = "V=1" if args.verbose else "")]
394        else:
395            cmd = argv
396        img = args.image
397        if args.snapshot:
398            img += ",snapshot=on"
399        vm.boot(img)
400        vm.wait_ssh()
401    except Exception as e:
402        if isinstance(e, SystemExit) and e.code == 0:
403            return 0
404        sys.stderr.write("Failed to prepare guest environment\n")
405        traceback.print_exc()
406        return 2
407
408    exitcode = 0
409    if vm.ssh(*cmd) != 0:
410        exitcode = 3
411    if args.interactive:
412        vm.ssh()
413
414    if not args.snapshot:
415        vm.graceful_shutdown()
416
417    return exitcode
418