[FREELDR] fs.c: Fix handling of file handles, (de)referencing, and direct-device access (#7414)

- The original code was just incrementing the reference counts (RefCounts)
of the device objects or

[FREELDR] fs.c: Fix handling of file handles, (de)referencing, and direct-device access (#7414)

- The original code was just incrementing the reference counts (RefCounts)
of the device objects or the device/file handles, without decrementing
them when closing the handles. This is now fixed.

Notice the following:

* When opening a file on a device (disk), the device's (and its
handle's) RefCount is incremented, and the file handle's RefCount
is incremented as well.

* When closing a file, the file handle's RefCount is decremented
(and the file closed if the RefCount reaches zero), and the file's
parent device handle is also closed, recursively.
This has the effect of decrementing the parent device handle's
RefCount, and the device's own RefCount is decremented as well.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The usefulness of handle-level RefCount is still
under question, and might be (consistently) removed in the future.

- Fix opening a device (disk) in direct access, when this device is
already opened. Indeed, we previously allowed direct access only if
the device was opened as such for the very first time (its RefCount
= 0 originally); no filesystem mounting was attempted as well.
Then for any later open-operations on this device (while keeping an
already-opened handle to it), filesystem access was assumed.

Thus, this problem would show up in two ways:

* Either the device is first opened for direct access, this succeeded
and no filesystem was mounted. Then, for any other open-operations,
the filesystem was NOT mounted, and opening files on it would fail.
Direct accesses would succeed but would create an unnecessary second
file handle.

* Or, the device is first opened for file-access: a filesystem was
mounted and file opening would succeed. Any other file opening
operation would succeed as well (if the file exists). But, a direct
access open-operation would fail, because now any open-operations on
the device would be assumed to be a file opening.

This is now correctly fixed. If direct-open is requested, just do it.
If this is a file opening, we open the device, then try to mount a
filesystem on it (if not already done), then we try to open the file.

If file opening fails, derereference the device.

- Pass the file path to the filesystem-specific Open() functions without
truncating the leading path separator, if any. This has to be handled
by the filesystem routines themselves.

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[FREELDR] Simplify some control branches in loops (#7417)

Collapse some tests; remove redundant `continue;`

Pointed out by Serge Gautherie.

[FREELDR] Support drives with 4k sector size
PR was reviewed at pull/5784

[FREELDR] Convert source files to UTF-8 without BOM

[FREELDR] Allow to boot from FATX volume using vfatfs driver

Also copy vfatfs.sys to disk in 1st stage setup.
CORE-16216 CORE-16329 CORE-16373

[FORMATTING] Remove trailing whitespace. Addendum to 34593d93.

Excluded: 3rd-party code (incl. wine) and most of the win32ss.

[FREELDR] Remove a few useless code lines (#3503)

CORE-14516

[FREELDR] Use RTL copy/zero-memory helper functions.

[FREELDR] Advance the file pointers every time a read operation is performed, in accordance with the ARC specification.

[FREELDR] Optimize and refactor the FAT driver.
Do not read the whole cluster chain for file on opening.
This removes restriction for opening files which span
within a large amount of clusters (>65k)

[FREELDR] Optimize and refactor the FAT driver.
Do not read the whole cluster chain for file on opening.
This removes restriction for opening files which span
within a large amount of clusters (>65k). That happened because
FrLdrTempAlloc cannot allocate more than about 256 KiB of memory.

Adjacent clusters for file are now read using one disk driver call.

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[FREELDR] Add FAT caching to FAT filesystem driver.
This significantly increases the reading speed

[FREELDR] Implement 'SeekRelative' mode for the *Seek() methods for disks & filesystems.

[FREELDR] Addendum / actual fix for ef76709b

According to the Advanced RISC Computing Specification v1.2, for partitions,
StartingAddress and EndingAddress are the start and end positions of the
par

[FREELDR] Addendum / actual fix for ef76709b

According to the Advanced RISC Computing Specification v1.2, for partitions,
StartingAddress and EndingAddress are the start and end positions of the
partition in terms of byte offsets from the start of the disk.
CurrentAddress is the current offset into (i.e. relative to) the partition.

Fix also the FAT filesystem in accordance.

- FIXME fix: Retrieve the size of the disk in number of sectors in DiskOpen().
- Add extra validity checks in the DiskSeek() functions.
- Explicitly call PcDisk* functions in machpc.c and pcdisk.c, and
XboxDisk* functions in machxbox.c (the code in these files is not
called cross-platform).

CORE-16216 CORE-16248

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[FREELDR] Formatting only.

[FREELDR] Diverse enhancements.

- Get rid of the FsCloseFile(), FsReadFile(), FsGetFileInformation(),
FsGetFileSize() and FsSetFilePointer() wrappers and use the ARC
functions directly instead.

[FREELDR] Diverse enhancements.

- Get rid of the FsCloseFile(), FsReadFile(), FsGetFileInformation(),
FsGetFileSize() and FsSetFilePointer() wrappers and use the ARC
functions directly instead. Make FsOpenFile() return an ARC file
descriptor ID of the correct type. Get rid of unused FS_* defines.

- Use TRACEs in the ***Mount() filesystem functions for diagnostics
purposes.

- Remove a leak in FatGetFatEntry(). Assign stuff via QuadPart where
possible in FatMount(). Remove an unused member in FAT_FILE_INFO.

- Reduce code indentation in BtrFsMount() and remove a leak there.

- Disable reading the "BootPath" parameter in the linux loader since
we don't use this parameter (yet??)

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[FREELDR] Improve some *GetFileInformation() traces.

[FREELDR] Fix remaining hwdisk and FATX bugs (#1766)

- DiskGetFileInformation() should return relative addresses -- relative to the beginning of the "device" (partition, or disk) in question.
- Fat

[FREELDR] Fix remaining hwdisk and FATX bugs (#1766)

- DiskGetFileInformation() should return relative addresses -- relative to the beginning of the "device" (partition, or disk) in question.
- FatXSearchDirectoryBufferForFile() should assign file attributes.
- Minor code style improvements in FatOpenVolume().

CORE-16216 CORE-16248

Co-authored-by: Victor Perevertkin <victor@perevertkin.ru>

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[FREELDR] FreeLdr debug.h does not care about NDEBUG. (#201)

- Remove all "#define NDEBUG".

Git conversion: Make reactos the root directory, move rosapps, rostests, wallpapers into modules, and delete rossubsys.

Create the AHCI branch for Aman's work

svn path=/branches/GSoC_2016/AHCI/; revision=71203