lint: clean up comments, add a test for the '?:' operator

lint: warn about extern declarations outside headers

https://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-userlevel/2023/03/15/msg013727.html

tests/lint: make 'expect+-' comments stricter

Previously, the expectations from these comments were already satisfied
if the expectation occurred somewhere in the actual message from lint.
This mean

tests/lint: make 'expect+-' comments stricter

Previously, the expectations from these comments were already satisfied
if the expectation occurred somewhere in the actual message from lint.
This meant that the prefix 'error:' or 'warning:' could be omitted from
the 'expect' comment. These omissions were hard to see in a manual
review. Now any omissions must be visually marked with '...'.

The test msg_342 now reports its messages properly as being in the file
msg_342.c, rather than msg_341.c. This had been a copy-and-paste
mistake.

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tests/lint: re-add the test for __uint128_t

tests/lint: fully cover the usual arithmetic conversions

lint: fix usual arithmetic conversions for 128-bit integer types

lint: demonstrate wrong integer conversion for __uint128_t

tests/lint: test the usual arithmetic conversions

The function 'balance' does not mention __uint128_t and nevertheless
works as expected. Need to investigate further.