1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * parse_node.h
4  *		Internal definitions for parser
5  *
6  *
7  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
8  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
9  *
10  * src/include/parser/parse_node.h
11  *
12  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
13  */
14 #ifndef PARSE_NODE_H
15 #define PARSE_NODE_H
16 
17 #include "nodes/parsenodes.h"
18 #include "utils/queryenvironment.h"
19 #include "utils/relcache.h"
20 
21 
22 /*
23  * Expression kinds distinguished by transformExpr().  Many of these are not
24  * semantically distinct so far as expression transformation goes; rather,
25  * we distinguish them so that context-specific error messages can be printed.
26  *
27  * Note: EXPR_KIND_OTHER is not used in the core code, but is left for use
28  * by extension code that might need to call transformExpr().  The core code
29  * will not enforce any context-driven restrictions on EXPR_KIND_OTHER
30  * expressions, so the caller would have to check for sub-selects, aggregates,
31  * window functions, SRFs, etc if those need to be disallowed.
32  */
33 typedef enum ParseExprKind
34 {
35 	EXPR_KIND_NONE = 0,			/* "not in an expression" */
36 	EXPR_KIND_OTHER,			/* reserved for extensions */
37 	EXPR_KIND_JOIN_ON,			/* JOIN ON */
38 	EXPR_KIND_JOIN_USING,		/* JOIN USING */
39 	EXPR_KIND_FROM_SUBSELECT,	/* sub-SELECT in FROM clause */
40 	EXPR_KIND_FROM_FUNCTION,	/* function in FROM clause */
41 	EXPR_KIND_WHERE,			/* WHERE */
42 	EXPR_KIND_HAVING,			/* HAVING */
43 	EXPR_KIND_FILTER,			/* FILTER */
44 	EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_PARTITION, /* window definition PARTITION BY */
45 	EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_ORDER,		/* window definition ORDER BY */
46 	EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_FRAME_RANGE,	/* window frame clause with RANGE */
47 	EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_FRAME_ROWS,	/* window frame clause with ROWS */
48 	EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_FRAME_GROUPS,	/* window frame clause with GROUPS */
49 	EXPR_KIND_SELECT_TARGET,	/* SELECT target list item */
50 	EXPR_KIND_INSERT_TARGET,	/* INSERT target list item */
51 	EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_SOURCE,	/* UPDATE assignment source item */
52 	EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_TARGET,	/* UPDATE assignment target item */
53 	EXPR_KIND_GROUP_BY,			/* GROUP BY */
54 	EXPR_KIND_ORDER_BY,			/* ORDER BY */
55 	EXPR_KIND_DISTINCT_ON,		/* DISTINCT ON */
56 	EXPR_KIND_LIMIT,			/* LIMIT */
57 	EXPR_KIND_OFFSET,			/* OFFSET */
58 	EXPR_KIND_RETURNING,		/* RETURNING */
59 	EXPR_KIND_VALUES,			/* VALUES */
60 	EXPR_KIND_VALUES_SINGLE,	/* single-row VALUES (in INSERT only) */
61 	EXPR_KIND_CHECK_CONSTRAINT, /* CHECK constraint for a table */
62 	EXPR_KIND_DOMAIN_CHECK,		/* CHECK constraint for a domain */
63 	EXPR_KIND_COLUMN_DEFAULT,	/* default value for a table column */
64 	EXPR_KIND_FUNCTION_DEFAULT, /* default parameter value for function */
65 	EXPR_KIND_INDEX_EXPRESSION, /* index expression */
66 	EXPR_KIND_INDEX_PREDICATE,	/* index predicate */
67 	EXPR_KIND_ALTER_COL_TRANSFORM,	/* transform expr in ALTER COLUMN TYPE */
68 	EXPR_KIND_EXECUTE_PARAMETER,	/* parameter value in EXECUTE */
69 	EXPR_KIND_TRIGGER_WHEN,		/* WHEN condition in CREATE TRIGGER */
70 	EXPR_KIND_POLICY,			/* USING or WITH CHECK expr in policy */
71 	EXPR_KIND_PARTITION_BOUND,	/* partition bound expression */
72 	EXPR_KIND_PARTITION_EXPRESSION, /* PARTITION BY expression */
73 	EXPR_KIND_CALL_ARGUMENT,	/* procedure argument in CALL */
74 	EXPR_KIND_COPY_WHERE,		/* WHERE condition in COPY FROM */
75 	EXPR_KIND_GENERATED_COLUMN, /* generation expression for a column */
76 } ParseExprKind;
77 
78 
79 /*
80  * Function signatures for parser hooks
81  */
82 typedef struct ParseState ParseState;
83 
84 typedef Node *(*PreParseColumnRefHook) (ParseState *pstate, ColumnRef *cref);
85 typedef Node *(*PostParseColumnRefHook) (ParseState *pstate, ColumnRef *cref, Node *var);
86 typedef Node *(*ParseParamRefHook) (ParseState *pstate, ParamRef *pref);
87 typedef Node *(*CoerceParamHook) (ParseState *pstate, Param *param,
88 								  Oid targetTypeId, int32 targetTypeMod,
89 								  int location);
90 
91 
92 /*
93  * State information used during parse analysis
94  *
95  * parentParseState: NULL in a top-level ParseState.  When parsing a subquery,
96  * links to current parse state of outer query.
97  *
98  * p_sourcetext: source string that generated the raw parsetree being
99  * analyzed, or NULL if not available.  (The string is used only to
100  * generate cursor positions in error messages: we need it to convert
101  * byte-wise locations in parse structures to character-wise cursor
102  * positions.)
103  *
104  * p_rtable: list of RTEs that will become the rangetable of the query.
105  * Note that neither relname nor refname of these entries are necessarily
106  * unique; searching the rtable by name is a bad idea.
107  *
108  * p_joinexprs: list of JoinExpr nodes associated with p_rtable entries.
109  * This is one-for-one with p_rtable, but contains NULLs for non-join
110  * RTEs, and may be shorter than p_rtable if the last RTE(s) aren't joins.
111  *
112  * p_joinlist: list of join items (RangeTblRef and JoinExpr nodes) that
113  * will become the fromlist of the query's top-level FromExpr node.
114  *
115  * p_namespace: list of ParseNamespaceItems that represents the current
116  * namespace for table and column lookup.  (The RTEs listed here may be just
117  * a subset of the whole rtable.  See ParseNamespaceItem comments below.)
118  *
119  * p_lateral_active: true if we are currently parsing a LATERAL subexpression
120  * of this parse level.  This makes p_lateral_only namespace items visible,
121  * whereas they are not visible when p_lateral_active is FALSE.
122  *
123  * p_ctenamespace: list of CommonTableExprs (WITH items) that are visible
124  * at the moment.  This is entirely different from p_namespace because a CTE
125  * is not an RTE, rather "visibility" means you could make an RTE from it.
126  *
127  * p_future_ctes: list of CommonTableExprs (WITH items) that are not yet
128  * visible due to scope rules.  This is used to help improve error messages.
129  *
130  * p_parent_cte: CommonTableExpr that immediately contains the current query,
131  * if any.
132  *
133  * p_target_relation: target relation, if query is INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.
134  *
135  * p_target_rangetblentry: target relation's entry in the rtable list.
136  *
137  * p_is_insert: true to process assignment expressions like INSERT, false
138  * to process them like UPDATE.  (Note this can change intra-statement, for
139  * cases like INSERT ON CONFLICT UPDATE.)
140  *
141  * p_windowdefs: list of WindowDefs representing WINDOW and OVER clauses.
142  * We collect these while transforming expressions and then transform them
143  * afterwards (so that any resjunk tlist items needed for the sort/group
144  * clauses end up at the end of the query tlist).  A WindowDef's location in
145  * this list, counting from 1, is the winref number to use to reference it.
146  *
147  * p_expr_kind: kind of expression we're currently parsing, as per enum above;
148  * EXPR_KIND_NONE when not in an expression.
149  *
150  * p_next_resno: next TargetEntry.resno to assign, starting from 1.
151  *
152  * p_multiassign_exprs: partially-processed MultiAssignRef source expressions.
153  *
154  * p_locking_clause: query's FOR UPDATE/FOR SHARE clause, if any.
155  *
156  * p_locked_from_parent: true if parent query level applies FOR UPDATE/SHARE
157  * to this subquery as a whole.
158  *
159  * p_resolve_unknowns: resolve unknown-type SELECT output columns as type TEXT
160  * (this is true by default).
161  *
162  * p_hasAggs, p_hasWindowFuncs, etc: true if we've found any of the indicated
163  * constructs in the query.
164  *
165  * p_last_srf: the set-returning FuncExpr or OpExpr most recently found in
166  * the query, or NULL if none.
167  *
168  * p_pre_columnref_hook, etc: optional parser hook functions for modifying the
169  * interpretation of ColumnRefs and ParamRefs.
170  *
171  * p_ref_hook_state: passthrough state for the parser hook functions.
172  */
173 struct ParseState
174 {
175 	struct ParseState *parentParseState;	/* stack link */
176 	const char *p_sourcetext;	/* source text, or NULL if not available */
177 	List	   *p_rtable;		/* range table so far */
178 	List	   *p_joinexprs;	/* JoinExprs for RTE_JOIN p_rtable entries */
179 	List	   *p_joinlist;		/* join items so far (will become FromExpr
180 								 * node's fromlist) */
181 	List	   *p_namespace;	/* currently-referenceable RTEs (List of
182 								 * ParseNamespaceItem) */
183 	bool		p_lateral_active;	/* p_lateral_only items visible? */
184 	List	   *p_ctenamespace; /* current namespace for common table exprs */
185 	List	   *p_future_ctes;	/* common table exprs not yet in namespace */
186 	CommonTableExpr *p_parent_cte;	/* this query's containing CTE */
187 	Relation	p_target_relation;	/* INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE target rel */
188 	RangeTblEntry *p_target_rangetblentry;	/* target rel's RTE */
189 	bool		p_is_insert;	/* process assignment like INSERT not UPDATE */
190 	List	   *p_windowdefs;	/* raw representations of window clauses */
191 	ParseExprKind p_expr_kind;	/* what kind of expression we're parsing */
192 	int			p_next_resno;	/* next targetlist resno to assign */
193 	List	   *p_multiassign_exprs;	/* junk tlist entries for multiassign */
194 	List	   *p_locking_clause;	/* raw FOR UPDATE/FOR SHARE info */
195 	bool		p_locked_from_parent;	/* parent has marked this subquery
196 										 * with FOR UPDATE/FOR SHARE */
197 	bool		p_resolve_unknowns; /* resolve unknown-type SELECT outputs as
198 									 * type text */
199 
200 	QueryEnvironment *p_queryEnv;	/* curr env, incl refs to enclosing env */
201 
202 	/* Flags telling about things found in the query: */
203 	bool		p_hasAggs;
204 	bool		p_hasWindowFuncs;
205 	bool		p_hasTargetSRFs;
206 	bool		p_hasSubLinks;
207 	bool		p_hasModifyingCTE;
208 
209 	Node	   *p_last_srf;		/* most recent set-returning func/op found */
210 
211 	/*
212 	 * Optional hook functions for parser callbacks.  These are null unless
213 	 * set up by the caller of make_parsestate.
214 	 */
215 	PreParseColumnRefHook p_pre_columnref_hook;
216 	PostParseColumnRefHook p_post_columnref_hook;
217 	ParseParamRefHook p_paramref_hook;
218 	CoerceParamHook p_coerce_param_hook;
219 	void	   *p_ref_hook_state;	/* common passthrough link for above */
220 };
221 
222 /*
223  * An element of a namespace list.
224  *
225  * Namespace items with p_rel_visible set define which RTEs are accessible by
226  * qualified names, while those with p_cols_visible set define which RTEs are
227  * accessible by unqualified names.  These sets are different because a JOIN
228  * without an alias does not hide the contained tables (so they must be
229  * visible for qualified references) but it does hide their columns
230  * (unqualified references to the columns refer to the JOIN, not the member
231  * tables, so we must not complain that such a reference is ambiguous).
232  * Various special RTEs such as NEW/OLD for rules may also appear with only
233  * one flag set.
234  *
235  * While processing the FROM clause, namespace items may appear with
236  * p_lateral_only set, meaning they are visible only to LATERAL
237  * subexpressions.  (The pstate's p_lateral_active flag tells whether we are
238  * inside such a subexpression at the moment.)	If p_lateral_ok is not set,
239  * it's an error to actually use such a namespace item.  One might think it
240  * would be better to just exclude such items from visibility, but the wording
241  * of SQL:2008 requires us to do it this way.  We also use p_lateral_ok to
242  * forbid LATERAL references to an UPDATE/DELETE target table.
243  *
244  * At no time should a namespace list contain two entries that conflict
245  * according to the rules in checkNameSpaceConflicts; but note that those
246  * are more complicated than "must have different alias names", so in practice
247  * code searching a namespace list has to check for ambiguous references.
248  */
249 typedef struct ParseNamespaceItem
250 {
251 	RangeTblEntry *p_rte;		/* The relation's rangetable entry */
252 	bool		p_rel_visible;	/* Relation name is visible? */
253 	bool		p_cols_visible; /* Column names visible as unqualified refs? */
254 	bool		p_lateral_only; /* Is only visible to LATERAL expressions? */
255 	bool		p_lateral_ok;	/* If so, does join type allow use? */
256 } ParseNamespaceItem;
257 
258 /* Support for parser_errposition_callback function */
259 typedef struct ParseCallbackState
260 {
261 	ParseState *pstate;
262 	int			location;
263 	ErrorContextCallback errcallback;
264 } ParseCallbackState;
265 
266 
267 extern ParseState *make_parsestate(ParseState *parentParseState);
268 extern void free_parsestate(ParseState *pstate);
269 extern int	parser_errposition(ParseState *pstate, int location);
270 
271 extern void setup_parser_errposition_callback(ParseCallbackState *pcbstate,
272 											  ParseState *pstate, int location);
273 extern void cancel_parser_errposition_callback(ParseCallbackState *pcbstate);
274 
275 extern Var *make_var(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte, int attrno,
276 					 int location);
277 extern Oid	transformContainerType(Oid *containerType, int32 *containerTypmod);
278 
279 extern SubscriptingRef *transformContainerSubscripts(ParseState *pstate,
280 													 Node *containerBase,
281 													 Oid containerType,
282 													 Oid elementType,
283 													 int32 containerTypMod,
284 													 List *indirection,
285 													 Node *assignFrom);
286 extern Const *make_const(ParseState *pstate, Value *value, int location);
287 
288 #endif							/* PARSE_NODE_H */
289