1 /*
2  * libgit2 "merge" example - shows how to perform merges
3  *
4  * Written by the libgit2 contributors
5  *
6  * To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
7  * and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
8  * worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
9  *
10  * You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along
11  * with this software. If not, see
12  * <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
13  */
14 
15 #include "common.h"
16 #include <assert.h>
17 
18 /** The following example demonstrates how to do merges with libgit2.
19  *
20  * It will merge whatever commit-ish you pass in into the current branch.
21  *
22  * Recognized options are :
23  *  --no-commit: don't actually commit the merge.
24  *
25  */
26 
27 typedef struct {
28 	const char **heads;
29 	size_t heads_count;
30 
31 	git_annotated_commit **annotated;
32 	size_t annotated_count;
33 
34 	int no_commit : 1;
35 } merge_options;
36 
print_usage(void)37 static void print_usage(void)
38 {
39 	fprintf(stderr, "usage: merge [--no-commit] <commit...>\n");
40 	exit(1);
41 }
42 
merge_options_init(merge_options * opts)43 static void merge_options_init(merge_options *opts)
44 {
45 	memset(opts, 0, sizeof(*opts));
46 
47 	opts->heads = NULL;
48 	opts->heads_count = 0;
49 	opts->annotated = NULL;
50 	opts->annotated_count = 0;
51 }
52 
opts_add_refish(merge_options * opts,const char * refish)53 static void opts_add_refish(merge_options *opts, const char *refish)
54 {
55 	size_t sz;
56 
57 	assert(opts != NULL);
58 
59 	sz = ++opts->heads_count * sizeof(opts->heads[0]);
60 	opts->heads = xrealloc((void *) opts->heads, sz);
61 	opts->heads[opts->heads_count - 1] = refish;
62 }
63 
parse_options(const char ** repo_path,merge_options * opts,int argc,char ** argv)64 static void parse_options(const char **repo_path, merge_options *opts, int argc, char **argv)
65 {
66 	struct args_info args = ARGS_INFO_INIT;
67 
68 	if (argc <= 1)
69 		print_usage();
70 
71 	for (args.pos = 1; args.pos < argc; ++args.pos) {
72 		const char *curr = argv[args.pos];
73 
74 		if (curr[0] != '-') {
75 			opts_add_refish(opts, curr);
76 		} else if (!strcmp(curr, "--no-commit")) {
77 			opts->no_commit = 1;
78 		} else if (match_str_arg(repo_path, &args, "--git-dir")) {
79 			continue;
80 		} else {
81 			print_usage();
82 		}
83 	}
84 }
85 
resolve_heads(git_repository * repo,merge_options * opts)86 static int resolve_heads(git_repository *repo, merge_options *opts)
87 {
88 	git_annotated_commit **annotated = calloc(opts->heads_count, sizeof(git_annotated_commit *));
89 	size_t annotated_count = 0, i;
90 	int err = 0;
91 
92 	for (i = 0; i < opts->heads_count; i++) {
93 		err = resolve_refish(&annotated[annotated_count++], repo, opts->heads[i]);
94 		if (err != 0) {
95 			fprintf(stderr, "failed to resolve refish %s: %s\n", opts->heads[i], git_error_last()->message);
96 			annotated_count--;
97 			continue;
98 		}
99 	}
100 
101 	if (annotated_count != opts->heads_count) {
102 		fprintf(stderr, "unable to parse some refish\n");
103 		free(annotated);
104 		return -1;
105 	}
106 
107 	opts->annotated = annotated;
108 	opts->annotated_count = annotated_count;
109 	return 0;
110 }
111 
perform_fastforward(git_repository * repo,const git_oid * target_oid,int is_unborn)112 static int perform_fastforward(git_repository *repo, const git_oid *target_oid, int is_unborn)
113 {
114 	git_checkout_options ff_checkout_options = GIT_CHECKOUT_OPTIONS_INIT;
115 	git_reference *target_ref;
116 	git_reference *new_target_ref;
117 	git_object *target = NULL;
118 	int err = 0;
119 
120 	if (is_unborn) {
121 		const char *symbolic_ref;
122 		git_reference *head_ref;
123 
124 		/* HEAD reference is unborn, lookup manually so we don't try to resolve it */
125 		err = git_reference_lookup(&head_ref, repo, "HEAD");
126 		if (err != 0) {
127 			fprintf(stderr, "failed to lookup HEAD ref\n");
128 			return -1;
129 		}
130 
131 		/* Grab the reference HEAD should be pointing to */
132 		symbolic_ref = git_reference_symbolic_target(head_ref);
133 
134 		/* Create our master reference on the target OID */
135 		err = git_reference_create(&target_ref, repo, symbolic_ref, target_oid, 0, NULL);
136 		if (err != 0) {
137 			fprintf(stderr, "failed to create master reference\n");
138 			return -1;
139 		}
140 
141 		git_reference_free(head_ref);
142 	} else {
143 		/* HEAD exists, just lookup and resolve */
144 		err = git_repository_head(&target_ref, repo);
145 		if (err != 0) {
146 			fprintf(stderr, "failed to get HEAD reference\n");
147 			return -1;
148 		}
149 	}
150 
151 	/* Lookup the target object */
152 	err = git_object_lookup(&target, repo, target_oid, GIT_OBJECT_COMMIT);
153 	if (err != 0) {
154 		fprintf(stderr, "failed to lookup OID %s\n", git_oid_tostr_s(target_oid));
155 		return -1;
156 	}
157 
158 	/* Checkout the result so the workdir is in the expected state */
159 	ff_checkout_options.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE;
160 	err = git_checkout_tree(repo, target, &ff_checkout_options);
161 	if (err != 0) {
162 		fprintf(stderr, "failed to checkout HEAD reference\n");
163 		return -1;
164 	}
165 
166 	/* Move the target reference to the target OID */
167 	err = git_reference_set_target(&new_target_ref, target_ref, target_oid, NULL);
168 	if (err != 0) {
169 		fprintf(stderr, "failed to move HEAD reference\n");
170 		return -1;
171 	}
172 
173 	git_reference_free(target_ref);
174 	git_reference_free(new_target_ref);
175 	git_object_free(target);
176 
177 	return 0;
178 }
179 
output_conflicts(git_index * index)180 static void output_conflicts(git_index *index)
181 {
182 	git_index_conflict_iterator *conflicts;
183 	const git_index_entry *ancestor;
184 	const git_index_entry *our;
185 	const git_index_entry *their;
186 	int err = 0;
187 
188 	check_lg2(git_index_conflict_iterator_new(&conflicts, index), "failed to create conflict iterator", NULL);
189 
190 	while ((err = git_index_conflict_next(&ancestor, &our, &their, conflicts)) == 0) {
191 		fprintf(stderr, "conflict: a:%s o:%s t:%s\n",
192 		        ancestor ? ancestor->path : "NULL",
193 		        our->path ? our->path : "NULL",
194 		        their->path ? their->path : "NULL");
195 	}
196 
197 	if (err != GIT_ITEROVER) {
198 		fprintf(stderr, "error iterating conflicts\n");
199 	}
200 
201 	git_index_conflict_iterator_free(conflicts);
202 }
203 
create_merge_commit(git_repository * repo,git_index * index,merge_options * opts)204 static int create_merge_commit(git_repository *repo, git_index *index, merge_options *opts)
205 {
206 	git_oid tree_oid, commit_oid;
207 	git_tree *tree;
208 	git_signature *sign;
209 	git_reference *merge_ref = NULL;
210 	git_annotated_commit *merge_commit;
211 	git_reference *head_ref;
212 	git_commit **parents = calloc(opts->annotated_count + 1, sizeof(git_commit *));
213 	const char *msg_target = NULL;
214 	size_t msglen = 0;
215 	char *msg;
216 	size_t i;
217 	int err;
218 
219 	/* Grab our needed references */
220 	check_lg2(git_repository_head(&head_ref, repo), "failed to get repo HEAD", NULL);
221 	if (resolve_refish(&merge_commit, repo, opts->heads[0])) {
222 		fprintf(stderr, "failed to resolve refish %s", opts->heads[0]);
223 		free(parents);
224 		return -1;
225 	}
226 
227 	/* Maybe that's a ref, so DWIM it */
228 	err = git_reference_dwim(&merge_ref, repo, opts->heads[0]);
229 	check_lg2(err, "failed to DWIM reference", git_error_last()->message);
230 
231 	/* Grab a signature */
232 	check_lg2(git_signature_now(&sign, "Me", "me@example.com"), "failed to create signature", NULL);
233 
234 #define MERGE_COMMIT_MSG "Merge %s '%s'"
235 	/* Prepare a standard merge commit message */
236 	if (merge_ref != NULL) {
237 		check_lg2(git_branch_name(&msg_target, merge_ref), "failed to get branch name of merged ref", NULL);
238 	} else {
239 		msg_target = git_oid_tostr_s(git_annotated_commit_id(merge_commit));
240 	}
241 
242 	msglen = snprintf(NULL, 0, MERGE_COMMIT_MSG, (merge_ref ? "branch" : "commit"), msg_target);
243 	if (msglen > 0) msglen++;
244 	msg = malloc(msglen);
245 	err = snprintf(msg, msglen, MERGE_COMMIT_MSG, (merge_ref ? "branch" : "commit"), msg_target);
246 
247 	/* This is only to silence the compiler */
248 	if (err < 0) goto cleanup;
249 
250 	/* Setup our parent commits */
251 	err = git_reference_peel((git_object **)&parents[0], head_ref, GIT_OBJECT_COMMIT);
252 	check_lg2(err, "failed to peel head reference", NULL);
253 	for (i = 0; i < opts->annotated_count; i++) {
254 		git_commit_lookup(&parents[i + 1], repo, git_annotated_commit_id(opts->annotated[i]));
255 	}
256 
257 	/* Prepare our commit tree */
258 	check_lg2(git_index_write_tree(&tree_oid, index), "failed to write merged tree", NULL);
259 	check_lg2(git_tree_lookup(&tree, repo, &tree_oid), "failed to lookup tree", NULL);
260 
261 	/* Commit time ! */
262 	err = git_commit_create(&commit_oid,
263 	                        repo, git_reference_name(head_ref),
264 	                        sign, sign,
265 	                        NULL, msg,
266 	                        tree,
267 	                        opts->annotated_count + 1, (const git_commit **)parents);
268 	check_lg2(err, "failed to create commit", NULL);
269 
270 	/* We're done merging, cleanup the repository state */
271 	git_repository_state_cleanup(repo);
272 
273 cleanup:
274 	free(parents);
275 	return err;
276 }
277 
lg2_merge(git_repository * repo,int argc,char ** argv)278 int lg2_merge(git_repository *repo, int argc, char **argv)
279 {
280 	merge_options opts;
281 	git_index *index;
282 	git_repository_state_t state;
283 	git_merge_analysis_t analysis;
284 	git_merge_preference_t preference;
285 	const char *path = ".";
286 	int err = 0;
287 
288 	merge_options_init(&opts);
289 	parse_options(&path, &opts, argc, argv);
290 
291 	state = git_repository_state(repo);
292 	if (state != GIT_REPOSITORY_STATE_NONE) {
293 		fprintf(stderr, "repository is in unexpected state %d\n", state);
294 		goto cleanup;
295 	}
296 
297 	err = resolve_heads(repo, &opts);
298 	if (err != 0)
299 		goto cleanup;
300 
301 	err = git_merge_analysis(&analysis, &preference,
302 	                         repo,
303 	                         (const git_annotated_commit **)opts.annotated,
304 	                         opts.annotated_count);
305 	check_lg2(err, "merge analysis failed", NULL);
306 
307 	if (analysis & GIT_MERGE_ANALYSIS_UP_TO_DATE) {
308 		printf("Already up-to-date\n");
309 		return 0;
310 	} else if (analysis & GIT_MERGE_ANALYSIS_UNBORN ||
311 	          (analysis & GIT_MERGE_ANALYSIS_FASTFORWARD &&
312 	          !(preference & GIT_MERGE_PREFERENCE_NO_FASTFORWARD))) {
313 		const git_oid *target_oid;
314 		if (analysis & GIT_MERGE_ANALYSIS_UNBORN) {
315 			printf("Unborn\n");
316 		} else {
317 			printf("Fast-forward\n");
318 		}
319 
320 		/* Since this is a fast-forward, there can be only one merge head */
321 		target_oid = git_annotated_commit_id(opts.annotated[0]);
322 		assert(opts.annotated_count == 1);
323 
324 		return perform_fastforward(repo, target_oid, (analysis & GIT_MERGE_ANALYSIS_UNBORN));
325 	} else if (analysis & GIT_MERGE_ANALYSIS_NORMAL) {
326 		git_merge_options merge_opts = GIT_MERGE_OPTIONS_INIT;
327 		git_checkout_options checkout_opts = GIT_CHECKOUT_OPTIONS_INIT;
328 
329 		merge_opts.flags = 0;
330 		merge_opts.file_flags = GIT_MERGE_FILE_STYLE_DIFF3;
331 
332 		checkout_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_FORCE|GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS;
333 
334 		if (preference & GIT_MERGE_PREFERENCE_FASTFORWARD_ONLY) {
335 			printf("Fast-forward is preferred, but only a merge is possible\n");
336 			return -1;
337 		}
338 
339 		err = git_merge(repo,
340 		                (const git_annotated_commit **)opts.annotated, opts.annotated_count,
341 		                &merge_opts, &checkout_opts);
342 		check_lg2(err, "merge failed", NULL);
343 	}
344 
345 	/* If we get here, we actually performed the merge above */
346 
347 	check_lg2(git_repository_index(&index, repo), "failed to get repository index", NULL);
348 
349 	if (git_index_has_conflicts(index)) {
350 		/* Handle conflicts */
351 		output_conflicts(index);
352 	} else if (!opts.no_commit) {
353 		create_merge_commit(repo, index, &opts);
354 		printf("Merge made\n");
355 	}
356 
357 cleanup:
358 	free((char **)opts.heads);
359 	free(opts.annotated);
360 
361 	return 0;
362 }
363