1------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2--                                                                          --
3--                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         --
4--                                                                          --
5--                     S Y S T E M . T R A C E B A C K                      --
6--                             (HP/UX Version)                              --
7--                                                                          --
8--                                 B o d y                                  --
9--                                                                          --
10--           Copyright (C) 1999-2003 Ada Core Technologies, Inc.            --
11--                                                                          --
12-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
13-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
14-- ware  Foundation;  either version 2,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
15-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
16-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
17-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License --
18-- for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General --
19-- Public License  distributed with GNAT;  see file COPYING.  If not, write --
20-- to  the Free Software Foundation,  59 Temple Place - Suite 330,  Boston, --
21-- MA 02111-1307, USA.                                                      --
22--                                                                          --
23-- As a special exception,  if other files  instantiate  generics from this --
24-- unit, or you link  this unit with other files  to produce an executable, --
25-- this  unit  does not  by itself cause  the resulting  executable  to  be --
26-- covered  by the  GNU  General  Public  License.  This exception does not --
27-- however invalidate  any other reasons why  the executable file  might be --
28-- covered by the  GNU Public License.                                      --
29--                                                                          --
30-- GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. --
31-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      --
32--                                                                          --
33------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34
35with Ada.Unchecked_Conversion;
36
37package body System.Traceback is
38
39   --  This package implements the backtracing facility by way of a dedicated
40   --  HP library for stack unwinding described in the "Runtime Architecture
41   --  Document".
42
43   pragma Linker_Options ("/usr/lib/libcl.a");
44
45   --  The library basically offers services to fetch information about a
46   --  "previous" frame based on information about a "current" one.
47
48   type Current_Frame_Descriptor is record
49      cur_fsz : Address;  --  Frame size of current routine.
50      cur_sp  : Address;  --  The current value of stack pointer.
51      cur_rls : Address;  --  PC-space of the caller.
52      cur_rlo : Address;  --  PC-offset of the caller.
53      cur_dp  : Address;  --  Data Pointer of the current routine.
54      top_rp  : Address;  --  Initial value of RP.
55      top_mrp : Address;  --  Initial value of MRP.
56      top_sr0 : Address;  --  Initial value of sr0.
57      top_sr4 : Address;  --  Initial value of sr4.
58      top_r3  : Address;  --  Initial value of gr3.
59      cur_r19 : Address;  --  GR19 value of the calling routine.
60      top_r4  : Address;  --  Initial value of gr4.
61      dummy   : Address;  --  Reserved.
62      out_rlo : Address;  --  PC-offset of the caller after get_previous.
63   end record;
64
65   type Previous_Frame_Descriptor is record
66      prev_fsz : Address;  --  frame size of calling routine.
67      prev_sp  : Address;  --  SP of calling routine.
68      prev_rls : Address;  --  PC_space of calling routine's caller.
69      prev_rlo : Address;  --  PC_offset of calling routine's caller.
70      prev_dp  : Address;  --  DP of calling routine.
71      udescr0  : Address;  --  low word of calling routine's unwind desc.
72      udescr1  : Address;  --  high word of calling routine's unwind desc.
73      ustart   : Address;  --  start of the unwind region.
74      uend     : Address;  --  end of the unwind region.
75      uw_index : Address;  --  index into the unwind table.
76      prev_r19 : Address;  --  GR19 value of the caller's caller.
77      top_r3   : Address;  --  Caller's initial gr3.
78      top_r4   : Address;  --  Caller's initial gr4.
79   end record;
80
81   --  Provide useful shortcuts for the names
82
83   subtype CFD is Current_Frame_Descriptor;
84   subtype PFD is Previous_Frame_Descriptor;
85
86   --  Frames with dynamic stack allocation are handled using the associated
87   --  frame pointer, but HP compilers and GCC setup this pointer differently.
88   --  HP compilers set it to point at the top (highest address) of the static
89   --  part of the frame, wheras GCC sets it to point at the bottom of this
90   --  region. We have to fake the unwinder to compensate for this difference,
91   --  for which we'll need to access some subprograms unwind descriptors.
92
93   type Bits_2_Value is mod 2 ** 2;
94   for Bits_2_Value'Size use 2;
95
96   type Bits_4_Value  is mod 2 ** 4;
97   for Bits_4_Value'Size use 4;
98
99   type Bits_5_Value  is mod 2 ** 5;
100   for Bits_5_Value'Size use 5;
101
102   type Bits_27_Value is mod 2 ** 27;
103   for Bits_27_Value'Size use 27;
104
105   type Unwind_Descriptor is record
106      cannot_unwind         : Boolean;
107      mcode                 : Boolean;
108      mcode_save_restore    : Boolean;
109      region_desc           : Bits_2_Value;
110      reserved0             : Boolean;
111      entry_sr              : Boolean;
112      entry_fr              : Bits_4_Value;
113      entry_gr              : Bits_5_Value;
114
115      args_stored           : Boolean;
116      variable_frame        : Boolean;
117      separate_package_body : Boolean;
118      frame_extension_mcode : Boolean;
119
120      stack_overflow_check  : Boolean;
121      two_steps_sp_adjust   : Boolean;
122      sr4_export            : Boolean;
123      cxx_info              : Boolean;
124
125      cxx_try_catch         : Boolean;
126      sched_entry_seq       : Boolean;
127      reserved1             : Boolean;
128      save_sp               : Boolean;
129
130      save_rp               : Boolean;
131      save_mrp              : Boolean;
132      save_r19              : Boolean;
133      cleanups              : Boolean;
134
135      hpe_interrupt_marker  : Boolean;
136      hpux_interrupt_marker : Boolean;
137      large_frame           : Boolean;
138      alloca_frame          : Boolean;
139
140      reserved2             : Boolean;
141      frame_size            : Bits_27_Value;
142   end record;
143
144   for Unwind_Descriptor'Size use 64;
145
146   for Unwind_Descriptor use record
147      cannot_unwind         at 0 range 0 .. 0;
148      mcode                 at 0 range 1 .. 1;
149      mcode_save_restore    at 0 range 2 .. 2;
150      region_desc           at 0 range 3 .. 4;
151      reserved0             at 0 range 5 .. 5;
152      entry_sr              at 0 range 6 .. 6;
153      entry_fr              at 0 range 7 .. 10;
154
155      entry_gr              at 1 range 3 .. 7;
156
157      args_stored           at 2 range 0 .. 0;
158      variable_frame        at 2 range 1 .. 1;
159      separate_package_body at 2 range 2 .. 2;
160      frame_extension_mcode at 2 range 3 .. 3;
161      stack_overflow_check  at 2 range 4 .. 4;
162      two_steps_sp_adjust   at 2 range 5 .. 5;
163      sr4_export            at 2 range 6 .. 6;
164      cxx_info              at 2 range 7 .. 7;
165
166      cxx_try_catch         at 3 range 0 .. 0;
167      sched_entry_seq       at 3 range 1 .. 1;
168      reserved1             at 3 range 2 .. 2;
169      save_sp               at 3 range 3 .. 3;
170      save_rp               at 3 range 4 .. 4;
171      save_mrp              at 3 range 5 .. 5;
172      save_r19              at 3 range 6 .. 6;
173      cleanups              at 3 range 7 .. 7;
174
175      hpe_interrupt_marker  at 4 range 0 .. 0;
176      hpux_interrupt_marker at 4 range 1 .. 1;
177      large_frame           at 4 range 2 .. 2;
178      alloca_frame          at 4 range 3 .. 3;
179
180      reserved2             at 4 range 4 .. 4;
181      frame_size            at 4 range 5 .. 31;
182   end record;
183
184   subtype UWD is Unwind_Descriptor;
185   type UWD_Ptr is access all UWD;
186
187   function To_UWD_Access is new Ada.Unchecked_Conversion (Address, UWD_Ptr);
188
189   --  The descriptor associated with a given code location is retrieved
190   --  using functions imported from the HP library, requiring the definition
191   --  of additional structures.
192
193   type Unwind_Table_Region is record
194      Table_Start : Address;
195      Table_End   : Address;
196   end record;
197   --  An Unwind Table region, which is a memory area containing Unwind
198   --  Descriptors.
199
200   subtype UWT is Unwind_Table_Region;
201
202   --  The subprograms imported below are provided by the HP library
203
204   function U_get_unwind_table return UWT;
205   pragma Import (C, U_get_unwind_table, "U_get_unwind_table");
206   --  Get the unwind table region associated with the current executable.
207   --  This function is actually documented as having an argument, but which
208   --  is only used for the MPE/iX targets.
209
210   function U_get_shLib_unwind_table (r19 : Address) return UWT;
211   pragma Import (C, U_get_shLib_unwind_table, "U_get_shLib_unw_tbl");
212   --  Return the unwind table region associated with a possible shared
213   --  library, as determined by the provided r19 value.
214
215   function U_get_shLib_text_addr (r19 : Address) return Address;
216   pragma Import (C, U_get_shLib_text_addr, "U_get_shLib_text_addr");
217   --  Return the address at which the code for a shared library begins, or
218   --  -1 if the value provided for r19 does not identify shared library code.
219
220   function U_get_unwind_entry
221     (Pc          : Address;
222      Space       : Address;
223      Table_Start : Address;
224      Table_End   : Address) return Address;
225   pragma Import (C, U_get_unwind_entry, "U_get_unwind_entry");
226   --  Given the bounds of an unwind table, return the address of the
227   --  unwind descriptor associated with a code location/space. In the case
228   --  of shared library code, the offset from the beginning of the library
229   --  is expected as Pc.
230
231   procedure U_init_frame_record (Frame : access CFD);
232   pragma Import (C, U_init_frame_record, "U_init_frame_record");
233
234   procedure U_prep_frame_rec_for_unwind (Frame : access CFD);
235   pragma Import (C, U_prep_frame_rec_for_unwind,
236                    "U_prep_frame_rec_for_unwind");
237
238   --  Fetch the description data of the frame in which these two procedures
239   --  are called.
240
241   function U_get_u_rlo (Cur : access CFD; Prev : access PFD) return Integer;
242   pragma Import (C, U_get_u_rlo, "U_IS_STUB_OR_CALLX");
243   --  From a complete current frame with a return location possibly located
244   --  into a linker generated stub, and basic information about the previous
245   --  frame, place the first non stub return location into the current frame.
246   --  Return -1 if something went wrong during the computation.
247
248   function U_is_shared_pc (rlo : Address; r19 : Address) return Address;
249   pragma Import (C, U_is_shared_pc, "U_is_shared_pc");
250   --  Return 0 if the provided return location does not correspond to code
251   --  in a shared library, or something non null otherwise.
252
253   function U_get_previous_frame_x
254     (current_frame  : access CFD;
255      previous_frame : access PFD;
256      previous_size  : Integer) return Integer;
257   pragma Import (C, U_get_previous_frame_x, "U_get_previous_frame_x");
258   --  Fetch the data describing the "previous" frame relatively to the
259   --  "current" one. "previous_size" should be the size of the "previous"
260   --  frame descriptor provided.
261   --
262   --  The library provides a simpler interface without the size parameter
263   --  but it is not usable when frames with dynamically allocated space are
264   --  on the way.
265
266   ------------------
267   -- C_Call_Chain --
268   ------------------
269
270   function C_Call_Chain
271     (Traceback : System.Address;
272      Max_Len   : Natural) return Natural
273   is
274      Val : Natural;
275
276   begin
277      Call_Chain (Traceback, Max_Len, Val);
278      return Val;
279   end C_Call_Chain;
280
281   ----------------
282   -- Call_Chain --
283   ----------------
284
285   procedure Call_Chain
286     (Traceback   : System.Address;
287      Max_Len     : Natural;
288      Len         : out Natural;
289      Exclude_Min : System.Address := System.Null_Address;
290      Exclude_Max : System.Address := System.Null_Address;
291      Skip_Frames : Natural := 1)
292   is
293      type Tracebacks_Array is array (1 .. Max_Len) of System.Address;
294      pragma Suppress_Initialization (Tracebacks_Array);
295
296      --  The code location returned by the unwinder is a return location but
297      --  what we need is a call point. Under HP-UX call instructions are 4
298      --  bytes long and the return point they specify is 4 bytes beyond the
299      --  next instruction because of the delay slot.
300
301      Call_Size  : constant := 4;
302      DSlot_Size : constant := 4;
303      Rlo_Offset : constant := Call_Size + DSlot_Size;
304
305      --  Moreover, the return point is passed via a register which two least
306      --  significant bits specify a privilege level that we will have to mask.
307
308      Priv_Mask  : constant := 16#00000003#;
309
310      Frame       : aliased CFD;
311      Code        : System.Address;
312      J           : Natural := 1;
313      Pop_Success : Boolean;
314      Trace       : Tracebacks_Array;
315      for Trace'Address use Traceback;
316
317      --  The backtracing process needs a set of subprograms :
318
319      function UWD_For_RLO_Of (Frame : access CFD) return UWD_Ptr;
320      --  Return an access to the unwind descriptor for the caller of
321      --  a given frame, using only the provided return location.
322
323      function UWD_For_Caller_Of (Frame : access CFD) return UWD_Ptr;
324      --  Return an access to the unwind descriptor for the user code caller
325      --  of a given frame, or null if the information is not available.
326
327      function Pop_Frame (Frame : access CFD) return Boolean;
328      --  Update the provided machine state structure so that it reflects
329      --  the state one call frame "above" the initial one.
330      --
331      --  Return True if the operation has been successful, False otherwise.
332      --  Failure typically occurs when the top of the call stack has been
333      --  reached.
334
335      function Prepare_For_Unwind_Of (Frame : access CFD) return Boolean;
336      --  Perform the necessary adaptations to the machine state before
337      --  calling the unwinder. Currently used for the specific case of
338      --  dynamically sized previous frames.
339      --
340      --  Return True if everything went fine, or False otherwise.
341
342      Program_UWT : constant UWT := U_get_unwind_table;
343
344      ---------------
345      -- Pop_Frame --
346      ---------------
347
348      function Pop_Frame (Frame : access CFD) return Boolean is
349         Up_Frame    : aliased PFD;
350         State_Ready : Boolean;
351
352      begin
353         --  Check/adapt the state before calling the unwinder and return
354         --  if anything went wrong.
355
356         State_Ready := Prepare_For_Unwind_Of (Frame);
357
358         if not State_Ready then
359            return False;
360         end if;
361
362         --  Now, safely call the unwinder and use the results.
363
364         if U_get_previous_frame_x (Frame,
365                                    Up_Frame'Access,
366                                    Up_Frame'Size) /= 0
367         then
368            return False;
369         end if;
370
371         --  In case a stub is on the way, the usual previous return location
372         --  (the one in prev_rlo) is the one in the stub and the "real" one
373         --  is placed in the "current" record, so let's take this one into
374         --  account.
375
376         Frame.out_rlo := Frame.cur_rlo;
377
378         Frame.cur_fsz := Up_Frame.prev_fsz;
379         Frame.cur_sp  := Up_Frame.prev_sp;
380         Frame.cur_rls := Up_Frame.prev_rls;
381         Frame.cur_rlo := Up_Frame.prev_rlo;
382         Frame.cur_dp  := Up_Frame.prev_dp;
383         Frame.cur_r19 := Up_Frame.prev_r19;
384         Frame.top_r3  := Up_Frame.top_r3;
385         Frame.top_r4  := Up_Frame.top_r4;
386
387         return True;
388      end Pop_Frame;
389
390      ---------------------------------
391      -- Prepare_State_For_Unwind_Of --
392      ---------------------------------
393
394      function Prepare_For_Unwind_Of (Frame : access CFD) return Boolean
395      is
396         Caller_UWD    : UWD_Ptr;
397         FP_Adjustment : Integer;
398
399      begin
400         --  No need to bother doing anything if the stack is already fully
401         --  unwound.
402
403         if Frame.cur_rlo = 0 then
404            return False;
405         end if;
406
407         --  When ALLOCA_FRAME is set in an unwind descriptor, the unwinder
408         --  uses the value provided in current.top_r3 or current.top_r4 as
409         --  a frame pointer to compute the size of the frame. What decides
410         --  between r3 or r4 is the unwind descriptor LARGE_FRAME bit, with
411         --  r4 chosen if the bit is set.
412
413         --  The size computed by the unwinder is STATIC_PART + (SP - FP),
414         --  which is correct with HP's frame pointer convention, but not
415         --  with GCC's one since we end up with the static part accounted
416         --  for twice.
417
418         --  We have to compute r4 when it is required because the unwinder
419         --  has looked for it at a place where it was not if we went through
420         --  GCC frames.
421
422         --  The size of the static part of a frame can be found in the
423         --  associated unwind descriptor.
424
425         Caller_UWD := UWD_For_Caller_Of (Frame);
426
427         --  If we cannot get it, we are unable to compute the potentially
428         --  necessary adjustments. We'd better not try to go on then.
429
430         if Caller_UWD = null then
431            return False;
432         end if;
433
434         --  If the caller frame is a GCC one, r3 is its frame pointer and
435         --  points to the bottom of the frame. The value to provide for r4
436         --  can then be computed directly from the one of r3, compensating
437         --  for the static part of the frame.
438
439         --  If the caller frame is an HP one, r3 is used to locate the
440         --  previous frame marker, that is it also points to the bottom of
441         --  the frame (this is why r3 cannot be used as the frame pointer in
442         --  the HP sense for large frames). The value to provide for r4 can
443         --  then also be computed from the one of r3 with the compensation
444         --  for the static part of the frame.
445
446         FP_Adjustment := Integer (Caller_UWD.frame_size * 8);
447         Frame.top_r4  := Address (Integer (Frame.top_r3) + FP_Adjustment);
448
449         return True;
450      end Prepare_For_Unwind_Of;
451
452      -----------------------
453      -- UWD_For_Caller_Of --
454      -----------------------
455
456      function UWD_For_Caller_Of (Frame : access CFD) return UWD_Ptr
457      is
458         UWD_Access : UWD_Ptr;
459
460      begin
461         --  First try the most direct path, using the return location data
462         --  associated with the frame.
463
464         UWD_Access := UWD_For_RLO_Of (Frame);
465
466         if UWD_Access /= null then
467            return UWD_Access;
468         end if;
469
470         --  If we did not get a result, we might face an in-stub return
471         --  address. In this case U_get_previous_frame can tell us what the
472         --  first not-in-stub return point is. We cannot call it directly,
473         --  though, because we haven't computed the potentially necessary
474         --  frame pointer adjustments, which might lead to SEGV in some
475         --  circumstances. Instead, we directly call the libcl routine which
476         --  is called by U_get_previous_frame and which only requires few
477         --  information. Take care, however, that the information is provided
478         --  in the "current" argument, so we need to work on a copy to avoid
479         --  disturbing our caller.
480
481         declare
482            U_Current  : aliased CFD := Frame.all;
483            U_Previous : aliased PFD;
484
485         begin
486            U_Previous.prev_dp  := U_Current.cur_dp;
487            U_Previous.prev_rls := U_Current.cur_rls;
488            U_Previous.prev_sp  := U_Current.cur_sp - U_Current.cur_fsz;
489
490            if U_get_u_rlo (U_Current'Access, U_Previous'Access) /= -1 then
491               UWD_Access := UWD_For_RLO_Of (U_Current'Access);
492            end if;
493         end;
494
495         return UWD_Access;
496      end UWD_For_Caller_Of;
497
498      --------------------
499      -- UWD_For_RLO_Of --
500      --------------------
501
502      function UWD_For_RLO_Of (Frame : access CFD) return UWD_Ptr
503      is
504         UWD_Address : Address;
505
506         --  The addresses returned by the library point to full descriptors
507         --  including the frame information bits but also the applicable PC
508         --  range. We need to account for this.
509
510         Frame_Info_Offset  : constant := 8;
511
512      begin
513         --  First try to locate the descriptor in the program's unwind table.
514
515         UWD_Address := U_get_unwind_entry (Frame.cur_rlo,
516                                            Frame.cur_rls,
517                                            Program_UWT.Table_Start,
518                                            Program_UWT.Table_End);
519
520         --  If we did not get it, we might have a frame from code in a
521         --  stub or shared library. For code in stub we would have to
522         --  compute the first non-stub return location but this is not
523         --  the role of this subprogram, so let's just try to see if we
524         --  can get a result from the tables in shared libraries.
525
526         if UWD_Address = -1
527           and then U_is_shared_pc (Frame.cur_rlo, Frame.cur_r19) /= 0
528         then
529            declare
530               Shlib_UWT   : constant UWT     :=
531                               U_get_shLib_unwind_table (Frame.cur_r19);
532               Shlib_Start : constant Address :=
533                               U_get_shLib_text_addr (Frame.cur_r19);
534               Rlo_Offset  : constant Address :=
535                               Frame.cur_rlo - Shlib_Start;
536            begin
537               UWD_Address := U_get_unwind_entry (Rlo_Offset,
538                                                  Frame.cur_rls,
539                                                  Shlib_UWT.Table_Start,
540                                                  Shlib_UWT.Table_End);
541            end;
542         end if;
543
544         if UWD_Address /= -1 then
545            return To_UWD_Access (UWD_Address + Frame_Info_Offset);
546         else
547            return null;
548         end if;
549      end UWD_For_RLO_Of;
550
551   --  Start of processing for Call_Chain
552
553   begin
554      --  Fetch the state for this subprogram's frame and pop it so that we
555      --  start with an initial out_rlo "here".
556
557      U_init_frame_record (Frame'Access);
558      Frame.top_sr0 := 0;
559      Frame.top_sr4 := 0;
560
561      U_prep_frame_rec_for_unwind (Frame'Access);
562
563      Pop_Success := Pop_Frame (Frame'Access);
564
565      --  Skip the requested number of frames.
566
567      for I in 1 .. Skip_Frames loop
568         Pop_Success := Pop_Frame (Frame'Access);
569      end loop;
570
571      --  Loop popping frames and storing locations until either a problem
572      --  occurs, or the top of the call chain is reached, or the provided
573      --  array is full.
574
575      loop
576         --  We have to test some conditions against the return location
577         --  as it is returned, so get it as is first.
578
579         Code := Frame.out_rlo;
580
581         exit when not Pop_Success or else Code = 0 or else J = Max_Len + 1;
582
583         --  Compute the call point from the retrieved return location :
584         --  Mask the privilege bits and account for the delta between the
585         --  call site and the return point.
586
587         Code := (Code and not Priv_Mask) - Rlo_Offset;
588
589         if Code < Exclude_Min or else Code > Exclude_Max then
590            Trace (J) := Code;
591            J := J + 1;
592         end if;
593
594         Pop_Success := Pop_Frame (Frame'Access);
595      end loop;
596
597      Len := J - 1;
598   end Call_Chain;
599
600end System.Traceback;
601