xref: /dports/editors/neovim/neovim-0.6.1/src/nvim/spellfile.c

// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check
// it. PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com

// spellfile.c: code for reading and writing spell files.
//
// See spell.c for information about spell checking.

// Vim spell file format: <HEADER>
//                        <SECTIONS>
//                        <LWORDTREE>
//                        <KWORDTREE>
//                        <PREFIXTREE>
//
// <HEADER>: <fileID> <versionnr>
//
// <fileID>     8 bytes    "VIMspell"
// <versionnr>  1 byte      VIMSPELLVERSION
//
//
// Sections make it possible to add information to the .spl file without
// making it incompatible with previous versions.  There are two kinds of
// sections:
// 1. Not essential for correct spell checking.  E.g. for making suggestions.
//    These are skipped when not supported.
// 2. Optional information, but essential for spell checking when present.
//    E.g. conditions for affixes.  When this section is present but not
//    supported an error message is given.
//
// <SECTIONS>: <section> ... <sectionend>
//
// <section>: <sectionID> <sectionflags> <sectionlen> (section contents)
//
// <sectionID>    1 byte    number from 0 to 254 identifying the section
//
// <sectionflags> 1 byte    SNF_REQUIRED: this section is required for correct
//                                          spell checking
//
// <sectionlen>   4 bytes   length of section contents, MSB first
//
// <sectionend>   1 byte    SN_END
//
//
// sectionID == SN_INFO: <infotext>
// <infotext>    N bytes    free format text with spell file info (version,
//                          website, etc)
//
// sectionID == SN_REGION: <regionname> ...
// <regionname>  2 bytes    Up to MAXREGIONS region names: ca, au, etc.
//                          Lower case.
//                          First <regionname> is region 1.
//
// sectionID == SN_CHARFLAGS: <charflagslen> <charflags>
//                              <folcharslen> <folchars>
// <charflagslen> 1 byte    Number of bytes in <charflags> (should be 128).
// <charflags>  N bytes     List of flags (first one is for character 128):
//                          0x01  word character        CF_WORD
//                          0x02  upper-case character  CF_UPPER
// <folcharslen>  2 bytes   Number of bytes in <folchars>.
// <folchars>     N bytes   Folded characters, first one is for character 128.
//
// sectionID == SN_MIDWORD: <midword>
// <midword>     N bytes    Characters that are word characters only when used
//                          in the middle of a word.
//
// sectionID == SN_PREFCOND: <prefcondcnt> <prefcond> ...
// <prefcondcnt> 2 bytes    Number of <prefcond> items following.
// <prefcond> : <condlen> <condstr>
// <condlen>    1 byte      Length of <condstr>.
// <condstr>    N bytes     Condition for the prefix.
//
// sectionID == SN_REP: <repcount> <rep> ...
// <repcount>    2 bytes    number of <rep> items, MSB first.
// <rep> : <repfromlen> <repfrom> <reptolen> <repto>
// <repfromlen>  1 byte     length of <repfrom>
// <repfrom>     N bytes    "from" part of replacement
// <reptolen>    1 byte     length of <repto>
// <repto>       N bytes    "to" part of replacement
//
// sectionID == SN_REPSAL: <repcount> <rep> ...
//   just like SN_REP but for soundfolded words
//
// sectionID == SN_SAL: <salflags> <salcount> <sal> ...
// <salflags>    1 byte     flags for soundsalike conversion:
//                          SAL_F0LLOWUP
//                          SAL_COLLAPSE
//                          SAL_REM_ACCENTS
// <salcount>    2 bytes    number of <sal> items following
// <sal> : <salfromlen> <salfrom> <saltolen> <salto>
// <salfromlen>  1 byte     length of <salfrom>
// <salfrom>     N bytes    "from" part of soundsalike
// <saltolen>    1 byte     length of <salto>
// <salto>       N bytes    "to" part of soundsalike
//
// sectionID == SN_SOFO: <sofofromlen> <sofofrom> <sofotolen> <sofoto>
// <sofofromlen> 2 bytes    length of <sofofrom>
// <sofofrom>    N bytes    "from" part of soundfold
// <sofotolen>   2 bytes    length of <sofoto>
// <sofoto>      N bytes    "to" part of soundfold
//
// sectionID == SN_SUGFILE: <timestamp>
// <timestamp>   8 bytes    time in seconds that must match with .sug file
//
// sectionID == SN_NOSPLITSUGS: nothing
//
// sectionID == SN_NOCOMPOUNDSUGS: nothing
//
// sectionID == SN_WORDS: <word> ...
// <word>        N bytes    NUL terminated common word
//
// sectionID == SN_MAP: <mapstr>
// <mapstr>      N bytes    String with sequences of similar characters,
//                          separated by slashes.
//
// sectionID == SN_COMPOUND: <compmax> <compminlen> <compsylmax> <compoptions>
//                              <comppatcount> <comppattern> ... <compflags>
// <compmax>     1 byte     Maximum nr of words in compound word.
// <compminlen>  1 byte     Minimal word length for compounding.
// <compsylmax>  1 byte     Maximum nr of syllables in compound word.
// <compoptions> 2 bytes    COMP_ flags.
// <comppatcount> 2 bytes   number of <comppattern> following
// <compflags>   N bytes    Flags from COMPOUNDRULE items, separated by
//                          slashes.
//
// <comppattern>: <comppatlen> <comppattext>
// <comppatlen>  1 byte     length of <comppattext>
// <comppattext> N bytes    end or begin chars from CHECKCOMPOUNDPATTERN
//
// sectionID == SN_NOBREAK: (empty, its presence is what matters)
//
// sectionID == SN_SYLLABLE: <syllable>
// <syllable>    N bytes    String from SYLLABLE item.
//
// <LWORDTREE>: <wordtree>
//
// <KWORDTREE>: <wordtree>
//
// <PREFIXTREE>: <wordtree>
//
//
// <wordtree>: <nodecount> <nodedata> ...
//
// <nodecount>  4 bytes     Number of nodes following.  MSB first.
//
// <nodedata>: <siblingcount> <sibling> ...
//
// <siblingcount> 1 byte    Number of siblings in this node.  The siblings
//                          follow in sorted order.
//
// <sibling>: <byte> [ <nodeidx> <xbyte>
//                    | <flags> [<flags2>] [<region>] [<affixID>]
//                    | [<pflags>] <affixID> <prefcondnr> ]
//
// <byte>       1 byte      Byte value of the sibling.  Special cases:
//                          BY_NOFLAGS: End of word without flags and for all
//                                      regions.
//                                      For PREFIXTREE <affixID> and
//                                      <prefcondnr> follow.
//                          BY_FLAGS:   End of word, <flags> follow.
//                                      For PREFIXTREE <pflags>, <affixID>
//                                      and <prefcondnr> follow.
//                          BY_FLAGS2:  End of word, <flags> and <flags2>
//                                      follow.  Not used in PREFIXTREE.
//                          BY_INDEX:   Child of sibling is shared, <nodeidx>
//                                      and <xbyte> follow.
//
// <nodeidx>    3 bytes     Index of child for this sibling, MSB first.
//
// <xbyte>      1 byte      Byte value of the sibling.
//
// <flags>      1 byte      Bitmask of:
//                          WF_ALLCAP   word must have only capitals
//                          WF_ONECAP   first char of word must be capital
//                          WF_KEEPCAP  keep-case word
//                          WF_FIXCAP   keep-case word, all caps not allowed
//                          WF_RARE     rare word
//                          WF_BANNED   bad word
//                          WF_REGION   <region> follows
//                          WF_AFX      <affixID> follows
//
// <flags2>     1 byte      Bitmask of:
//                          WF_HAS_AFF >> 8   word includes affix
//                          WF_NEEDCOMP >> 8  word only valid in compound
//                          WF_NOSUGGEST >> 8  word not used for suggestions
//                          WF_COMPROOT >> 8  word already a compound
//                          WF_NOCOMPBEF >> 8 no compounding before this word
//                          WF_NOCOMPAFT >> 8 no compounding after this word
//
// <pflags>     1 byte      Bitmask of:
//                          WFP_RARE    rare prefix
//                          WFP_NC      non-combining prefix
//                          WFP_UP      letter after prefix made upper case
//
// <region>     1 byte      Bitmask for regions in which word is valid.  When
//                          omitted it's valid in all regions.
//                          Lowest bit is for region 1.
//
// <affixID>    1 byte      ID of affix that can be used with this word.  In
//                          PREFIXTREE used for the required prefix ID.
//
// <prefcondnr> 2 bytes     Prefix condition number, index in <prefcond> list
//                          from HEADER.
//
// All text characters are in 'encoding', but stored as single bytes.

// Vim .sug file format:  <SUGHEADER>
//                        <SUGWORDTREE>
//                        <SUGTABLE>
//
// <SUGHEADER>: <fileID> <versionnr> <timestamp>
//
// <fileID>     6 bytes     "VIMsug"
// <versionnr>  1 byte      VIMSUGVERSION
// <timestamp>  8 bytes     timestamp that must match with .spl file
//
//
// <SUGWORDTREE>: <wordtree>  (see above, no flags or region used)
//
//
// <SUGTABLE>: <sugwcount> <sugline> ...
//
// <sugwcount>  4 bytes     number of <sugline> following
//
// <sugline>: <sugnr> ... NUL
//
// <sugnr>:     X bytes     word number that results in this soundfolded word,
//                          stored as an offset to the previous number in as
//                          few bytes as possible, see offset2bytes())

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wctype.h>

#include "nvim/ascii.h"
#include "nvim/buffer.h"
#include "nvim/charset.h"
#include "nvim/ex_cmds2.h"
#include "nvim/fileio.h"
#include "nvim/memline.h"
#include "nvim/memory.h"
#include "nvim/misc1.h"
#include "nvim/option.h"
#include "nvim/os/os.h"
#include "nvim/path.h"
#include "nvim/regexp.h"
#include "nvim/screen.h"
#include "nvim/spell.h"
#include "nvim/spell_defs.h"
#include "nvim/spellfile.h"
#include "nvim/ui.h"
#include "nvim/undo.h"
#include "nvim/vim.h"

#ifndef UNIX            // it's in os/unix_defs.h for Unix
# include <time.h>      // for time_t
#endif

// Special byte values for <byte>.  Some are only used in the tree for
// postponed prefixes, some only in the other trees.  This is a bit messy...
#define BY_NOFLAGS      0       // end of word without flags or region; for
                                // postponed prefix: no <pflags>
#define BY_INDEX        1       // child is shared, index follows
#define BY_FLAGS        2       // end of word, <flags> byte follows; for
                                // postponed prefix: <pflags> follows
#define BY_FLAGS2       3       // end of word, <flags> and <flags2> bytes
                                // follow; never used in prefix tree
#define BY_SPECIAL  BY_FLAGS2   // highest special byte value

#define ZERO_FLAG   65009       // used when flag is zero: "0"

// Flags used in .spl file for soundsalike flags.
#define SAL_F0LLOWUP            1
#define SAL_COLLAPSE            2
#define SAL_REM_ACCENTS         4

#define VIMSPELLMAGIC "VIMspell"  // string at start of Vim spell file
#define VIMSPELLMAGICL (sizeof(VIMSPELLMAGIC) - 1)
#define VIMSPELLVERSION 50

// Section IDs.  Only renumber them when VIMSPELLVERSION changes!
#define SN_REGION       0       // <regionname> section
#define SN_CHARFLAGS    1       // charflags section
#define SN_MIDWORD      2       // <midword> section
#define SN_PREFCOND     3       // <prefcond> section
#define SN_REP          4       // REP items section
#define SN_SAL          5       // SAL items section
#define SN_SOFO         6       // soundfolding section
#define SN_MAP          7       // MAP items section
#define SN_COMPOUND     8       // compound words section
#define SN_SYLLABLE     9       // syllable section
#define SN_NOBREAK      10      // NOBREAK section
#define SN_SUGFILE      11      // timestamp for .sug file
#define SN_REPSAL       12      // REPSAL items section
#define SN_WORDS        13      // common words
#define SN_NOSPLITSUGS  14      // don't split word for suggestions
#define SN_INFO         15      // info section
#define SN_NOCOMPOUNDSUGS 16    // don't compound for suggestions
#define SN_END          255     // end of sections

#define SNF_REQUIRED    1       // <sectionflags>: required section

#define CF_WORD         0x01
#define CF_UPPER        0x02

static char *e_spell_trunc = N_("E758: Truncated spell file");
static char *e_afftrailing = N_("Trailing text in %s line %d: %s");
static char *e_affname = N_("Affix name too long in %s line %d: %s");
static char *msg_compressing = N_("Compressing word tree...");

#define MAXLINELEN  500         // Maximum length in bytes of a line in a .aff
                                // and .dic file.
// Main structure to store the contents of a ".aff" file.
typedef struct afffile_S {
  char_u *af_enc;          // "SET", normalized, alloc'ed string or NULL
  int af_flagtype;              // AFT_CHAR, AFT_LONG, AFT_NUM or AFT_CAPLONG
  unsigned af_rare;             // RARE ID for rare word
  unsigned af_keepcase;         // KEEPCASE ID for keep-case word
  unsigned af_bad;              // BAD ID for banned word
  unsigned af_needaffix;        // NEEDAFFIX ID
  unsigned af_circumfix;        // CIRCUMFIX ID
  unsigned af_needcomp;         // NEEDCOMPOUND ID
  unsigned af_comproot;         // COMPOUNDROOT ID
  unsigned af_compforbid;       // COMPOUNDFORBIDFLAG ID
  unsigned af_comppermit;       // COMPOUNDPERMITFLAG ID
  unsigned af_nosuggest;        // NOSUGGEST ID
  int af_pfxpostpone;           // postpone prefixes without chop string and
                                // without flags
  bool af_ignoreextra;          // IGNOREEXTRA present
  hashtab_T af_pref;            // hashtable for prefixes, affheader_T
  hashtab_T af_suff;            // hashtable for suffixes, affheader_T
  hashtab_T af_comp;            // hashtable for compound flags, compitem_T
} afffile_T;

#define AFT_CHAR        0       // flags are one character
#define AFT_LONG        1       // flags are two characters
#define AFT_CAPLONG     2       // flags are one or two characters
#define AFT_NUM         3       // flags are numbers, comma separated

typedef struct affentry_S affentry_T;
// Affix entry from ".aff" file.  Used for prefixes and suffixes.
struct affentry_S {
  affentry_T *ae_next;         // next affix with same name/number
  char_u *ae_chop;         // text to chop off basic word (can be NULL)
  char_u *ae_add;          // text to add to basic word (can be NULL)
  char_u *ae_flags;        // flags on the affix (can be NULL)
  char_u *ae_cond;         // condition (NULL for ".")
  regprog_T *ae_prog;         // regexp program for ae_cond or NULL
  char ae_compforbid;           // COMPOUNDFORBIDFLAG found
  char ae_comppermit;           // COMPOUNDPERMITFLAG found
};

#define AH_KEY_LEN 17          // 2 x 8 bytes + NUL

// Affix header from ".aff" file.  Used for af_pref and af_suff.
typedef struct affheader_S {
  char_u ah_key[AH_KEY_LEN];    // key for hashtab == name of affix
  unsigned ah_flag;             // affix name as number, uses "af_flagtype"
  int ah_newID;                 // prefix ID after renumbering; 0 if not used
  int ah_combine;               // suffix may combine with prefix
  int ah_follows;               // another affix block should be following
  affentry_T *ah_first;        // first affix entry
} affheader_T;

#define HI2AH(hi)   ((affheader_T *)(hi)->hi_key)

// Flag used in compound items.
typedef struct compitem_S {
  char_u ci_key[AH_KEY_LEN];    // key for hashtab == name of compound
  unsigned ci_flag;             // affix name as number, uses "af_flagtype"
  int ci_newID;                 // affix ID after renumbering.
} compitem_T;

#define HI2CI(hi)   ((compitem_T *)(hi)->hi_key)

// Structure that is used to store the items in the word tree.  This avoids
// the need to keep track of each allocated thing, everything is freed all at
// once after ":mkspell" is done.
// Note: "sb_next" must be just before "sb_data" to make sure the alignment of
// "sb_data" is correct for systems where pointers must be aligned on
// pointer-size boundaries and sizeof(pointer) > sizeof(int) (e.g., Sparc).
#define  SBLOCKSIZE 16000       // size of sb_data
typedef struct sblock_S sblock_T;
struct sblock_S {
  int sb_used;                  // nr of bytes already in use
  sblock_T *sb_next;         // next block in list
  char_u sb_data[1];            // data, actually longer
};

// A node in the tree.
typedef struct wordnode_S wordnode_T;
struct wordnode_S {
  union {   // shared to save space
    char_u hashkey[6];          // the hash key, only used while compressing
    int index;                  // index in written nodes (valid after first
                                // round)
  } wn_u1;
  union {   // shared to save space
    wordnode_T *next;           // next node with same hash key
    wordnode_T *wnode;          // parent node that will write this node
  } wn_u2;
  wordnode_T *wn_child;        // child (next byte in word)
  wordnode_T *wn_sibling;      // next sibling (alternate byte in word,
                               //   always sorted)
  int wn_refs;                  // Nr. of references to this node.  Only
                                //   relevant for first node in a list of
                                //   siblings, in following siblings it is
                                //   always one.
  char_u wn_byte;               // Byte for this node. NUL for word end

  // Info for when "wn_byte" is NUL.
  // In PREFIXTREE "wn_region" is used for the prefcondnr.
  // In the soundfolded word tree "wn_flags" has the MSW of the wordnr and
  // "wn_region" the LSW of the wordnr.
  char_u wn_affixID;            // supported/required prefix ID or 0
  uint16_t wn_flags;            // WF_ flags
  short wn_region;              // region mask

#ifdef SPELL_PRINTTREE
  int wn_nr;                    // sequence nr for printing
#endif
};

#define WN_MASK  0xffff         // mask relevant bits of "wn_flags"

#define HI2WN(hi)    (wordnode_T *)((hi)->hi_key)

// Info used while reading the spell files.
typedef struct spellinfo_S {
  wordnode_T *si_foldroot;     // tree with case-folded words
  long si_foldwcount;           // nr of words in si_foldroot

  wordnode_T *si_keeproot;     // tree with keep-case words
  long si_keepwcount;           // nr of words in si_keeproot

  wordnode_T *si_prefroot;     // tree with postponed prefixes

  long si_sugtree;              // creating the soundfolding trie

  sblock_T *si_blocks;       // memory blocks used
  long si_blocks_cnt;           // memory blocks allocated
  int si_did_emsg;              // TRUE when ran out of memory

  long si_compress_cnt;         // words to add before lowering
                                // compression limit
  wordnode_T *si_first_free;   // List of nodes that have been freed during
                               // compression, linked by "wn_child" field.
  long si_free_count;           // number of nodes in si_first_free
#ifdef SPELL_PRINTTREE
  int si_wordnode_nr;           // sequence nr for nodes
#endif
  buf_T *si_spellbuf;     // buffer used to store soundfold word table

  int si_ascii;                 // handling only ASCII words
  int si_add;                   // addition file
  int si_clear_chartab;             // when TRUE clear char tables
  int si_region;                // region mask
  vimconv_T si_conv;            // for conversion to 'encoding'
  int si_memtot;                // runtime memory used
  int si_verbose;               // verbose messages
  int si_msg_count;             // number of words added since last message
  char_u *si_info;         // info text chars or NULL
  int si_region_count;          // number of regions supported (1 when there
                                // are no regions)
  char_u si_region_name[MAXREGIONS * 2 + 1];
  // region names; used only if
  // si_region_count > 1)

  garray_T si_rep;              // list of fromto_T entries from REP lines
  garray_T si_repsal;           // list of fromto_T entries from REPSAL lines
  garray_T si_sal;              // list of fromto_T entries from SAL lines
  char_u *si_sofofr;       // SOFOFROM text
  char_u *si_sofoto;       // SOFOTO text
  int si_nosugfile;             // NOSUGFILE item found
  int si_nosplitsugs;           // NOSPLITSUGS item found
  int si_nocompoundsugs;        // NOCOMPOUNDSUGS item found
  int si_followup;              // soundsalike: ?
  int si_collapse;              // soundsalike: ?
  hashtab_T si_commonwords;     // hashtable for common words
  time_t si_sugtime;            // timestamp for .sug file
  int si_rem_accents;           // soundsalike: remove accents
  garray_T si_map;              // MAP info concatenated
  char_u *si_midword;      // MIDWORD chars or NULL
  int si_compmax;               // max nr of words for compounding
  int si_compminlen;            // minimal length for compounding
  int si_compsylmax;            // max nr of syllables for compounding
  int si_compoptions;           // COMP_ flags
  garray_T si_comppat;          // CHECKCOMPOUNDPATTERN items, each stored as
                                // a string
  char_u *si_compflags;    // flags used for compounding
  char_u si_nobreak;            // NOBREAK
  char_u *si_syllable;     // syllable string
  garray_T si_prefcond;         // table with conditions for postponed
                                // prefixes, each stored as a string
  int si_newprefID;             // current value for ah_newID
  int si_newcompID;             // current value for compound ID
} spellinfo_T;

#ifdef INCLUDE_GENERATED_DECLARATIONS
# include "spellfile.c.generated.h"
#endif

/// Read n bytes from fd to buf, returning on errors
///
/// @param[out]  buf  Buffer to read to, must be at least n bytes long.
/// @param[in]  n  Amount of bytes to read.
/// @param  fd  FILE* to read from.
/// @param  exit_code  Code to run before returning.
///
/// @return Allows to proceed if everything is OK, returns SP_TRUNCERROR if
///         there are not enough bytes, returns SP_OTHERERROR if reading failed.
#define SPELL_READ_BYTES(buf, n, fd, exit_code) \
  do { \
    const size_t n__SPRB = (n); \
    FILE *const fd__SPRB = (fd); \
    char *const buf__SPRB = (buf); \
    const size_t read_bytes__SPRB = fread(buf__SPRB, 1, n__SPRB, fd__SPRB); \
    if (read_bytes__SPRB != n__SPRB) { \
      exit_code; \
      return feof(fd__SPRB) ? SP_TRUNCERROR : SP_OTHERERROR; \
    } \
  } while (0)

/// Like #SPELL_READ_BYTES, but also error out if NUL byte was read
///
/// @return Allows to proceed if everything is OK, returns SP_TRUNCERROR if
///         there are not enough bytes, returns SP_OTHERERROR if reading failed,
///         returns SP_FORMERROR if read out a NUL byte.
#define SPELL_READ_NONNUL_BYTES(buf, n, fd, exit_code) \
  do { \
    const size_t n__SPRNB = (n); \
    FILE *const fd__SPRNB = (fd); \
    char *const buf__SPRNB = (buf); \
    SPELL_READ_BYTES(buf__SPRNB, n__SPRNB, fd__SPRNB, exit_code); \
    if (memchr(buf__SPRNB, NUL, (size_t)n__SPRNB)) { \
      exit_code; \
      return SP_FORMERROR; \
    } \
  } while (0)

/// Check that spell file starts with a magic string
///
/// Does not check for version of the file.
///
/// @param  fd  File to check.
///
/// @return 0 in case of success, SP_TRUNCERROR if file contains not enough
///         bytes, SP_FORMERROR if it does not match magic string and
///         SP_OTHERERROR if reading file failed.
static inline int spell_check_magic_string(FILE *const fd)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT FUNC_ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE
{
  char buf[VIMSPELLMAGICL];
  SPELL_READ_BYTES(buf, VIMSPELLMAGICL, fd,; );
  if (memcmp(buf, VIMSPELLMAGIC, VIMSPELLMAGICL) != 0) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }
  return 0;
}

/// Load one spell file and store the info into a slang_T.
///
/// This is invoked in three ways:
/// - From spell_load_cb() to load a spell file for the first time.  "lang" is
///   the language name, "old_lp" is NULL.  Will allocate an slang_T.
/// - To reload a spell file that was changed.  "lang" is NULL and "old_lp"
///   points to the existing slang_T.
/// - Just after writing a .spl file; it's read back to produce the .sug file.
///   "old_lp" is NULL and "lang" is NULL.  Will allocate an slang_T.
///
/// @param silent  no error if file doesn't exist
///
/// @return  the slang_T the spell file was loaded into.  NULL for error.
slang_T *spell_load_file(char_u *fname, char_u *lang, slang_T *old_lp, bool silent)
{
  FILE *fd;
  char_u *p;
  int n;
  int len;
  char_u *save_sourcing_name = sourcing_name;
  linenr_T save_sourcing_lnum = sourcing_lnum;
  slang_T *lp = NULL;
  int c = 0;
  int res;

  fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
  if (fd == NULL) {
    if (!silent) {
      semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
    } else if (p_verbose > 2) {
      verbose_enter();
      smsg((char *)e_notopen, fname);
      verbose_leave();
    }
    goto endFAIL;
  }
  if (p_verbose > 2) {
    verbose_enter();
    smsg(_("Reading spell file \"%s\""), fname);
    verbose_leave();
  }

  if (old_lp == NULL) {
    lp = slang_alloc(lang);

    // Remember the file name, used to reload the file when it's updated.
    lp->sl_fname = vim_strsave(fname);

    // Check for .add.spl.
    lp->sl_add = strstr((char *)path_tail(fname), SPL_FNAME_ADD) != NULL;
  } else {
    lp = old_lp;
  }

  // Set sourcing_name, so that error messages mention the file name.
  sourcing_name = fname;
  sourcing_lnum = 0;

  // <HEADER>: <fileID>
  const int scms_ret = spell_check_magic_string(fd);
  switch (scms_ret) {
  case SP_FORMERROR:
  case SP_TRUNCERROR:
    semsg("%s", _("E757: This does not look like a spell file"));
    goto endFAIL;
  case SP_OTHERERROR:
    semsg(_("E5042: Failed to read spell file %s: %s"),
          fname, strerror(ferror(fd)));
    goto endFAIL;
  case 0:
    break;
  }
  c = getc(fd);                                         // <versionnr>
  if (c < VIMSPELLVERSION) {
    emsg(_("E771: Old spell file, needs to be updated"));
    goto endFAIL;
  } else if (c > VIMSPELLVERSION) {
    emsg(_("E772: Spell file is for newer version of Vim"));
    goto endFAIL;
  }


  // <SECTIONS>: <section> ... <sectionend>
  // <section>: <sectionID> <sectionflags> <sectionlen> (section contents)
  for (;;) {
    n = getc(fd);                           // <sectionID> or <sectionend>
    if (n == SN_END) {
      break;
    }
    c = getc(fd);                                       // <sectionflags>
    len = get4c(fd);                                    // <sectionlen>
    if (len < 0) {
      goto truncerr;
    }

    res = 0;
    switch (n) {
    case SN_INFO:
      lp->sl_info = READ_STRING(fd, len);               // <infotext>
      if (lp->sl_info == NULL) {
        goto endFAIL;
      }
      break;

    case SN_REGION:
      res = read_region_section(fd, lp, len);
      break;

    case SN_CHARFLAGS:
      res = read_charflags_section(fd);
      break;

    case SN_MIDWORD:
      lp->sl_midword = READ_STRING(fd, len);            // <midword>
      if (lp->sl_midword == NULL) {
        goto endFAIL;
      }
      break;

    case SN_PREFCOND:
      res = read_prefcond_section(fd, lp);
      break;

    case SN_REP:
      res = read_rep_section(fd, &lp->sl_rep, lp->sl_rep_first);
      break;

    case SN_REPSAL:
      res = read_rep_section(fd, &lp->sl_repsal, lp->sl_repsal_first);
      break;

    case SN_SAL:
      res = read_sal_section(fd, lp);
      break;

    case SN_SOFO:
      res = read_sofo_section(fd, lp);
      break;

    case SN_MAP:
      p = READ_STRING(fd, len);                         // <mapstr>
      if (p == NULL) {
        goto endFAIL;
      }
      set_map_str(lp, p);
      xfree(p);
      break;

    case SN_WORDS:
      res = read_words_section(fd, lp, len);
      break;

    case SN_SUGFILE:
      lp->sl_sugtime = get8ctime(fd);                   // <timestamp>
      break;

    case SN_NOSPLITSUGS:
      lp->sl_nosplitsugs = true;
      break;

    case SN_NOCOMPOUNDSUGS:
      lp->sl_nocompoundsugs = true;
      break;

    case SN_COMPOUND:
      res = read_compound(fd, lp, len);
      break;

    case SN_NOBREAK:
      lp->sl_nobreak = true;
      break;

    case SN_SYLLABLE:
      lp->sl_syllable = READ_STRING(fd, len);           // <syllable>
      if (lp->sl_syllable == NULL) {
        goto endFAIL;
      }
      if (init_syl_tab(lp) == FAIL) {
        goto endFAIL;
      }
      break;

    default:
      // Unsupported section.  When it's required give an error
      // message.  When it's not required skip the contents.
      if (c & SNF_REQUIRED) {
        emsg(_("E770: Unsupported section in spell file"));
        goto endFAIL;
      }
      while (--len >= 0) {
        if (getc(fd) < 0) {
          goto truncerr;
        }
      }
      break;
    }
someerror:
    if (res == SP_FORMERROR) {
      emsg(_(e_format));
      goto endFAIL;
    }
    if (res == SP_TRUNCERROR) {
truncerr:
      emsg(_(e_spell_trunc));
      goto endFAIL;
    }
    if (res == SP_OTHERERROR) {
      goto endFAIL;
    }
  }

  // <LWORDTREE>
  res = spell_read_tree(fd, &lp->sl_fbyts, &lp->sl_fbyts_len,
                        &lp->sl_fidxs, false, 0);
  if (res != 0) {
    goto someerror;
  }

  // <KWORDTREE>
  res = spell_read_tree(fd, &lp->sl_kbyts, NULL, &lp->sl_kidxs, false, 0);
  if (res != 0) {
    goto someerror;
  }

  // <PREFIXTREE>
  res = spell_read_tree(fd, &lp->sl_pbyts, NULL, &lp->sl_pidxs, true,
                        lp->sl_prefixcnt);
  if (res != 0) {
    goto someerror;
  }

  // For a new file link it in the list of spell files.
  if (old_lp == NULL && lang != NULL) {
    lp->sl_next = first_lang;
    first_lang = lp;
  }

  goto endOK;

endFAIL:
  if (lang != NULL) {
    // truncating the name signals the error to spell_load_lang()
    *lang = NUL;
  }
  if (lp != NULL && old_lp == NULL) {
    slang_free(lp);
  }
  lp = NULL;

endOK:
  if (fd != NULL) {
    fclose(fd);
  }
  sourcing_name = save_sourcing_name;
  sourcing_lnum = save_sourcing_lnum;

  return lp;
}

// Fill in the wordcount fields for a trie.
// Returns the total number of words.
static void tree_count_words(char_u *byts, idx_T *idxs)
{
  int depth;
  idx_T arridx[MAXWLEN];
  int curi[MAXWLEN];
  int c;
  idx_T n;
  int wordcount[MAXWLEN];

  arridx[0] = 0;
  curi[0] = 1;
  wordcount[0] = 0;
  depth = 0;
  while (depth >= 0 && !got_int) {
    if (curi[depth] > byts[arridx[depth]]) {
      // Done all bytes at this node, go up one level.
      idxs[arridx[depth]] = wordcount[depth];
      if (depth > 0) {
        wordcount[depth - 1] += wordcount[depth];
      }

      --depth;
      fast_breakcheck();
    } else {
      // Do one more byte at this node.
      n = arridx[depth] + curi[depth];
      ++curi[depth];

      c = byts[n];
      if (c == 0) {
        // End of word, count it.
        ++wordcount[depth];

        // Skip over any other NUL bytes (same word with different
        // flags).
        while (byts[n + 1] == 0) {
          ++n;
          ++curi[depth];
        }
      } else {
        // Normal char, go one level deeper to count the words.
        ++depth;
        arridx[depth] = idxs[n];
        curi[depth] = 1;
        wordcount[depth] = 0;
      }
    }
  }
}

// Load the .sug files for languages that have one and weren't loaded yet.
void suggest_load_files(void)
{
  langp_T *lp;
  slang_T *slang;
  char_u *dotp;
  FILE *fd;
  char_u buf[MAXWLEN];
  int i;
  time_t timestamp;
  int wcount;
  int wordnr;
  garray_T ga;
  int c;

  // Do this for all languages that support sound folding.
  for (int lpi = 0; lpi < curwin->w_s->b_langp.ga_len; ++lpi) {
    lp = LANGP_ENTRY(curwin->w_s->b_langp, lpi);
    slang = lp->lp_slang;
    if (slang->sl_sugtime != 0 && !slang->sl_sugloaded) {
      // Change ".spl" to ".sug" and open the file.  When the file isn't
      // found silently skip it.  Do set "sl_sugloaded" so that we
      // don't try again and again.
      slang->sl_sugloaded = true;

      dotp = STRRCHR(slang->sl_fname, '.');
      if (dotp == NULL || fnamecmp(dotp, ".spl") != 0) {
        continue;
      }
      STRCPY(dotp, ".sug");
      fd = os_fopen((char *)slang->sl_fname, "r");
      if (fd == NULL) {
        goto nextone;
      }

      // <SUGHEADER>: <fileID> <versionnr> <timestamp>
      for (i = 0; i < VIMSUGMAGICL; ++i) {
        buf[i] = getc(fd);                              // <fileID>
      }
      if (STRNCMP(buf, VIMSUGMAGIC, VIMSUGMAGICL) != 0) {
        semsg(_("E778: This does not look like a .sug file: %s"),
              slang->sl_fname);
        goto nextone;
      }
      c = getc(fd);                                     // <versionnr>
      if (c < VIMSUGVERSION) {
        semsg(_("E779: Old .sug file, needs to be updated: %s"),
              slang->sl_fname);
        goto nextone;
      } else if (c > VIMSUGVERSION) {
        semsg(_("E780: .sug file is for newer version of Vim: %s"),
              slang->sl_fname);
        goto nextone;
      }

      // Check the timestamp, it must be exactly the same as the one in
      // the .spl file.  Otherwise the word numbers won't match.
      timestamp = get8ctime(fd);                        // <timestamp>
      if (timestamp != slang->sl_sugtime) {
        semsg(_("E781: .sug file doesn't match .spl file: %s"),
              slang->sl_fname);
        goto nextone;
      }

      // <SUGWORDTREE>: <wordtree>
      // Read the trie with the soundfolded words.
      if (spell_read_tree(fd, &slang->sl_sbyts, NULL, &slang->sl_sidxs,
                          false, 0) != 0) {
someerror:
        semsg(_("E782: error while reading .sug file: %s"),
              slang->sl_fname);
        slang_clear_sug(slang);
        goto nextone;
      }

      // <SUGTABLE>: <sugwcount> <sugline> ...
      //
      // Read the table with word numbers.  We use a file buffer for
      // this, because it's so much like a file with lines.  Makes it
      // possible to swap the info and save on memory use.
      slang->sl_sugbuf = open_spellbuf();

      // <sugwcount>
      wcount = get4c(fd);
      if (wcount < 0) {
        goto someerror;
      }

      // Read all the wordnr lists into the buffer, one NUL terminated
      // list per line.
      ga_init(&ga, 1, 100);
      for (wordnr = 0; wordnr < wcount; ++wordnr) {
        ga.ga_len = 0;
        for (;;) {
          c = getc(fd);                                     // <sugline>
          if (c < 0) {
            goto someerror;
          }
          GA_APPEND(char_u, &ga, c);
          if (c == NUL) {
            break;
          }
        }
        if (ml_append_buf(slang->sl_sugbuf, (linenr_T)wordnr,
                          ga.ga_data, ga.ga_len, true) == FAIL) {
          goto someerror;
        }
      }
      ga_clear(&ga);

      // Need to put word counts in the word tries, so that we can find
      // a word by its number.
      tree_count_words(slang->sl_fbyts, slang->sl_fidxs);
      tree_count_words(slang->sl_sbyts, slang->sl_sidxs);

nextone:
      if (fd != NULL) {
        fclose(fd);
      }
      STRCPY(dotp, ".spl");
    }
  }
}


// Read a length field from "fd" in "cnt_bytes" bytes.
// Allocate memory, read the string into it and add a NUL at the end.
// Returns NULL when the count is zero.
// Sets "*cntp" to SP_*ERROR when there is an error, length of the result
// otherwise.
static char_u *read_cnt_string(FILE *fd, int cnt_bytes, int *cntp)
{
  int cnt = 0;
  char_u *str;

  // read the length bytes, MSB first
  for (int i = 0; i < cnt_bytes; i++) {
    const int c = getc(fd);

    if (c == EOF) {
      *cntp = SP_TRUNCERROR;
      return NULL;
    }
    cnt = (cnt << 8) + (unsigned)c;
  }
  *cntp = cnt;
  if (cnt == 0) {
    return NULL;            // nothing to read, return NULL
  }
  str = READ_STRING(fd, cnt);
  if (str == NULL) {
    *cntp = SP_OTHERERROR;
  }
  return str;
}

// Read SN_REGION: <regionname> ...
// Return SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_region_section(FILE *fd, slang_T *lp, int len)
{
  if (len > MAXREGIONS * 2) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }
  SPELL_READ_NONNUL_BYTES((char *)lp->sl_regions, (size_t)len, fd,; );
  lp->sl_regions[len] = NUL;
  return 0;
}

// Read SN_CHARFLAGS section: <charflagslen> <charflags>
//                              <folcharslen> <folchars>
// Return SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_charflags_section(FILE *fd)
{
  char_u *flags;
  char_u *fol;
  int flagslen, follen;

  // <charflagslen> <charflags>
  flags = read_cnt_string(fd, 1, &flagslen);
  if (flagslen < 0) {
    return flagslen;
  }

  // <folcharslen> <folchars>
  fol = read_cnt_string(fd, 2, &follen);
  if (follen < 0) {
    xfree(flags);
    return follen;
  }

  // Set the word-char flags and fill SPELL_ISUPPER() table.
  if (flags != NULL && fol != NULL) {
    set_spell_charflags(flags, flagslen, fol);
  }

  xfree(flags);
  xfree(fol);

  // When <charflagslen> is zero then <fcharlen> must also be zero.
  if ((flags == NULL) != (fol == NULL)) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }
  return 0;
}

// Read SN_PREFCOND section.
// Return SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_prefcond_section(FILE *fd, slang_T *lp)
{
  // <prefcondcnt> <prefcond> ...
  const int cnt = get2c(fd);  // <prefcondcnt>
  if (cnt <= 0) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }

  lp->sl_prefprog = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(regprog_T *));
  lp->sl_prefixcnt = cnt;

  for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
    // <prefcond> : <condlen> <condstr>
    const int n = getc(fd);  // <condlen>
    if (n < 0 || n >= MAXWLEN) {
      return SP_FORMERROR;
    }

    // When <condlen> is zero we have an empty condition.  Otherwise
    // compile the regexp program used to check for the condition.
    if (n > 0) {
      char buf[MAXWLEN + 1];
      buf[0] = '^';  // always match at one position only
      SPELL_READ_NONNUL_BYTES(buf + 1, (size_t)n, fd,; );
      buf[n + 1] = NUL;
      lp->sl_prefprog[i] = vim_regcomp((char_u *)buf, RE_MAGIC | RE_STRING);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

// Read REP or REPSAL items section from "fd": <repcount> <rep> ...
// Return SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_rep_section(FILE *fd, garray_T *gap, int16_t *first)
{
  int cnt;
  fromto_T *ftp;

  cnt = get2c(fd);                                      // <repcount>
  if (cnt < 0) {
    return SP_TRUNCERROR;
  }

  ga_grow(gap, cnt);

  // <rep> : <repfromlen> <repfrom> <reptolen> <repto>
  for (; gap->ga_len < cnt; ++gap->ga_len) {
    int c;
    ftp = &((fromto_T *)gap->ga_data)[gap->ga_len];
    ftp->ft_from = read_cnt_string(fd, 1, &c);
    if (c < 0) {
      return c;
    }
    if (c == 0) {
      return SP_FORMERROR;
    }
    ftp->ft_to = read_cnt_string(fd, 1, &c);
    if (c <= 0) {
      xfree(ftp->ft_from);
      if (c < 0) {
        return c;
      }
      return SP_FORMERROR;
    }
  }

  // Fill the first-index table.
  for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
    first[i] = -1;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < gap->ga_len; ++i) {
    ftp = &((fromto_T *)gap->ga_data)[i];
    if (first[*ftp->ft_from] == -1) {
      first[*ftp->ft_from] = i;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

// Read SN_SAL section: <salflags> <salcount> <sal> ...
// Return SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_sal_section(FILE *fd, slang_T *slang)
{
  int cnt;
  garray_T *gap;
  salitem_T *smp;
  int ccnt;
  char_u *p;

  slang->sl_sofo = false;

  const int flags = getc(fd);                   // <salflags>
  if (flags & SAL_F0LLOWUP) {
    slang->sl_followup = true;
  }
  if (flags & SAL_COLLAPSE) {
    slang->sl_collapse = true;
  }
  if (flags & SAL_REM_ACCENTS) {
    slang->sl_rem_accents = true;
  }

  cnt = get2c(fd);                              // <salcount>
  if (cnt < 0) {
    return SP_TRUNCERROR;
  }

  gap = &slang->sl_sal;
  ga_init(gap, sizeof(salitem_T), 10);
  ga_grow(gap, cnt + 1);

  // <sal> : <salfromlen> <salfrom> <saltolen> <salto>
  for (; gap->ga_len < cnt; gap->ga_len++) {
    int c = NUL;

    smp = &((salitem_T *)gap->ga_data)[gap->ga_len];
    ccnt = getc(fd);                            // <salfromlen>
    if (ccnt < 0) {
      return SP_TRUNCERROR;
    }
    p = xmalloc(ccnt + 2);
    smp->sm_lead = p;

    // Read up to the first special char into sm_lead.
    int i = 0;
    for (; i < ccnt; ++i) {
      c = getc(fd);                             // <salfrom>
      if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"0123456789(-<^$", c) != NULL) {
        break;
      }
      *p++ = c;
    }
    smp->sm_leadlen = (int)(p - smp->sm_lead);
    *p++ = NUL;

    // Put (abc) chars in sm_oneof, if any.
    if (c == '(') {
      smp->sm_oneof = p;
      for (++i; i < ccnt; ++i) {
        c = getc(fd);                           // <salfrom>
        if (c == ')') {
          break;
        }
        *p++ = c;
      }
      *p++ = NUL;
      if (++i < ccnt) {
        c = getc(fd);
      }
    } else {
      smp->sm_oneof = NULL;
    }

    // Any following chars go in sm_rules.
    smp->sm_rules = p;
    if (i < ccnt) {
      // store the char we got while checking for end of sm_lead
      *p++ = c;
    }
    i++;
    if (i < ccnt) {
      SPELL_READ_NONNUL_BYTES(                  // <salfrom>
                                                (char *)p, (size_t)(ccnt - i), fd,
                                                xfree(smp->sm_lead));
      p += (ccnt - i);
    }
    *p++ = NUL;

    // <saltolen> <salto>
    smp->sm_to = read_cnt_string(fd, 1, &ccnt);
    if (ccnt < 0) {
      xfree(smp->sm_lead);
      return ccnt;
    }

    // convert the multi-byte strings to wide char strings
    smp->sm_lead_w = mb_str2wide(smp->sm_lead);
    smp->sm_leadlen = mb_charlen(smp->sm_lead);
    if (smp->sm_oneof == NULL) {
      smp->sm_oneof_w = NULL;
    } else {
      smp->sm_oneof_w = mb_str2wide(smp->sm_oneof);
    }
    if (smp->sm_to == NULL) {
      smp->sm_to_w = NULL;
    } else {
      smp->sm_to_w = mb_str2wide(smp->sm_to);
    }
  }

  if (!GA_EMPTY(gap)) {
    // Add one extra entry to mark the end with an empty sm_lead.  Avoids
    // that we need to check the index every time.
    smp = &((salitem_T *)gap->ga_data)[gap->ga_len];
    p = xmalloc(1);
    p[0] = NUL;
    smp->sm_lead = p;
    smp->sm_lead_w = mb_str2wide(smp->sm_lead);
    smp->sm_leadlen = 0;
    smp->sm_oneof = NULL;
    smp->sm_oneof_w = NULL;
    smp->sm_rules = p;
    smp->sm_to = NULL;
    smp->sm_to_w = NULL;
    gap->ga_len++;
  }

  // Fill the first-index table.
  set_sal_first(slang);

  return 0;
}

// Read SN_WORDS: <word> ...
// Return SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_words_section(FILE *fd, slang_T *lp, int len)
{
  int done = 0;
  int i;
  int c;
  char_u word[MAXWLEN];

  while (done < len) {
    // Read one word at a time.
    for (i = 0;; ++i) {
      c = getc(fd);
      if (c == EOF) {
        return SP_TRUNCERROR;
      }
      word[i] = c;
      if (word[i] == NUL) {
        break;
      }
      if (i == MAXWLEN - 1) {
        return SP_FORMERROR;
      }
    }

    // Init the count to 10.
    count_common_word(lp, word, -1, 10);
    done += i + 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

// SN_SOFO: <sofofromlen> <sofofrom> <sofotolen> <sofoto>
// Return SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_sofo_section(FILE *fd, slang_T *slang)
{
  int cnt;
  char_u *from, *to;
  int res;

  slang->sl_sofo = true;

  // <sofofromlen> <sofofrom>
  from = read_cnt_string(fd, 2, &cnt);
  if (cnt < 0) {
    return cnt;
  }

  // <sofotolen> <sofoto>
  to = read_cnt_string(fd, 2, &cnt);
  if (cnt < 0) {
    xfree(from);
    return cnt;
  }

  // Store the info in slang->sl_sal and/or slang->sl_sal_first.
  if (from != NULL && to != NULL) {
    res = set_sofo(slang, from, to);
  } else if (from != NULL || to != NULL) {
    res = SP_FORMERROR;        // only one of two strings is an error
  } else {
    res = 0;
  }

  xfree(from);
  xfree(to);
  return res;
}

// Read the compound section from the .spl file:
//      <compmax> <compminlen> <compsylmax> <compoptions> <compflags>
// Returns SP_*ERROR flags.
static int read_compound(FILE *fd, slang_T *slang, int len)
{
  int todo = len;
  int c;
  int atstart;
  char_u *pat;
  char_u *pp;
  char_u *cp;
  char_u *ap;
  char_u *crp;
  int cnt;
  garray_T *gap;

  if (todo < 2) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;        // need at least two bytes
  }
  --todo;
  c = getc(fd);                                         // <compmax>
  if (c < 2) {
    c = MAXWLEN;
  }
  slang->sl_compmax = c;

  --todo;
  c = getc(fd);                                         // <compminlen>
  if (c < 1) {
    c = 0;
  }
  slang->sl_compminlen = c;

  --todo;
  c = getc(fd);                                         // <compsylmax>
  if (c < 1) {
    c = MAXWLEN;
  }
  slang->sl_compsylmax = c;

  c = getc(fd);                                         // <compoptions>
  if (c != 0) {
    ungetc(c, fd);          // be backwards compatible with Vim 7.0b
  } else {
    --todo;
    c = getc(fd);           // only use the lower byte for now
    --todo;
    slang->sl_compoptions = c;

    gap = &slang->sl_comppat;
    c = get2c(fd);                                      // <comppatcount>
    if (c < 0) {
      return SP_TRUNCERROR;
    }
    todo -= 2;
    ga_init(gap, sizeof(char_u *), c);
    ga_grow(gap, c);
    while (--c >= 0) {
      ((char_u **)(gap->ga_data))[gap->ga_len++] =
        read_cnt_string(fd, 1, &cnt);
      // <comppatlen> <comppattext>
      if (cnt < 0) {
        return cnt;
      }
      todo -= cnt + 1;
    }
  }
  if (todo < 0) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }

  // Turn the COMPOUNDRULE items into a regexp pattern:
  // "a[bc]/a*b+" -> "^\(a[bc]\|a*b\+\)$".
  // Inserting backslashes may double the length, "^\(\)$<Nul>" is 7 bytes.
  // Conversion to utf-8 may double the size.
  c = todo * 2 + 7;
  c += todo * 2;
  pat = xmalloc(c);

  // We also need a list of all flags that can appear at the start and one
  // for all flags.
  cp = xmalloc(todo + 1);
  slang->sl_compstartflags = cp;
  *cp = NUL;

  ap = xmalloc(todo + 1);
  slang->sl_compallflags = ap;
  *ap = NUL;

  // And a list of all patterns in their original form, for checking whether
  // compounding may work in match_compoundrule().  This is freed when we
  // encounter a wildcard, the check doesn't work then.
  crp = xmalloc(todo + 1);
  slang->sl_comprules = crp;

  pp = pat;
  *pp++ = '^';
  *pp++ = '\\';
  *pp++ = '(';

  atstart = 1;
  while (todo-- > 0) {
    c = getc(fd);                                       // <compflags>
    if (c == EOF) {
      xfree(pat);
      return SP_TRUNCERROR;
    }

    // Add all flags to "sl_compallflags".
    if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"?*+[]/", c) == NULL
        && !byte_in_str(slang->sl_compallflags, c)) {
      *ap++ = c;
      *ap = NUL;
    }

    if (atstart != 0) {
      // At start of item: copy flags to "sl_compstartflags".  For a
      // [abc] item set "atstart" to 2 and copy up to the ']'.
      if (c == '[') {
        atstart = 2;
      } else if (c == ']') {
        atstart = 0;
      } else {
        if (!byte_in_str(slang->sl_compstartflags, c)) {
          *cp++ = c;
          *cp = NUL;
        }
        if (atstart == 1) {
          atstart = 0;
        }
      }
    }

    // Copy flag to "sl_comprules", unless we run into a wildcard.
    if (crp != NULL) {
      if (c == '?' || c == '+' || c == '*') {
        XFREE_CLEAR(slang->sl_comprules);
        crp = NULL;
      } else {
        *crp++ = c;
      }
    }

    if (c == '/') {         // slash separates two items
      *pp++ = '\\';
      *pp++ = '|';
      atstart = 1;
    } else {              // normal char, "[abc]" and '*' are copied as-is
      if (c == '?' || c == '+' || c == '~') {
        *pp++ = '\\';               // "a?" becomes "a\?", "a+" becomes "a\+"
      }
      pp += utf_char2bytes(c, pp);
    }
  }

  *pp++ = '\\';
  *pp++ = ')';
  *pp++ = '$';
  *pp = NUL;

  if (crp != NULL) {
    *crp = NUL;
  }

  slang->sl_compprog = vim_regcomp(pat, RE_MAGIC + RE_STRING + RE_STRICT);
  xfree(pat);
  if (slang->sl_compprog == NULL) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }

  return 0;
}

// Set the SOFOFROM and SOFOTO items in language "lp".
// Returns SP_*ERROR flags when there is something wrong.
static int set_sofo(slang_T *lp, char_u *from, char_u *to)
{
  char_u *s;
  char_u *p;

  // Use "sl_sal" as an array with 256 pointers to a list of wide
  // characters.  The index is the low byte of the character.
  // The list contains from-to pairs with a terminating NUL.
  // sl_sal_first[] is used for latin1 "from" characters.
  garray_T *gap = &lp->sl_sal;
  ga_init(gap, sizeof(int *), 1);
  ga_grow(gap, 256);
  memset(gap->ga_data, 0, sizeof(int *) * 256);
  gap->ga_len = 256;

  // First count the number of items for each list.  Temporarily use
  // sl_sal_first[] for this.
  for (p = from, s = to; *p != NUL && *s != NUL;) {
    const int c = mb_cptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p);
    MB_CPTR_ADV(s);
    if (c >= 256) {
      lp->sl_sal_first[c & 0xff]++;
    }
  }
  if (*p != NUL || *s != NUL) {  // lengths differ
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }

  // Allocate the lists.
  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
    if (lp->sl_sal_first[i] > 0) {
      p = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (lp->sl_sal_first[i] * 2 + 1));
      ((int **)gap->ga_data)[i] = (int *)p;
      *(int *)p = 0;
    }
  }

  // Put the characters up to 255 in sl_sal_first[] the rest in a sl_sal
  // list.
  memset(lp->sl_sal_first, 0, sizeof(salfirst_T) * 256);
  for (p = from, s = to; *p != NUL && *s != NUL;) {
    const int c = mb_cptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p);
    const int i = mb_cptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&s);
    if (c >= 256) {
      // Append the from-to chars at the end of the list with
      // the low byte.
      int *inp = ((int **)gap->ga_data)[c & 0xff];
      while (*inp != 0) {
        inp++;
      }
      *inp++ = c;                     // from char
      *inp++ = i;                     // to char
      *inp++ = NUL;                   // NUL at the end
    } else {
      // mapping byte to char is done in sl_sal_first[]
      lp->sl_sal_first[c] = i;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

// Fill the first-index table for "lp".
static void set_sal_first(slang_T *lp)
{
  salfirst_T *sfirst;
  salitem_T *smp;
  int c;
  garray_T *gap = &lp->sl_sal;

  sfirst = lp->sl_sal_first;
  for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
    sfirst[i] = -1;
  }
  smp = (salitem_T *)gap->ga_data;
  for (int i = 0; i < gap->ga_len; i++) {
    // Use the lowest byte of the first character.  For latin1 it's
    // the character, for other encodings it should differ for most
    // characters.
    c = *smp[i].sm_lead_w & 0xff;
    if (sfirst[c] == -1) {
      sfirst[c] = i;

      // Make sure all entries with this byte are following each
      // other.  Move the ones that are in the wrong position.  Do
      // keep the same ordering!
      while (i + 1 < gap->ga_len
             && (*smp[i + 1].sm_lead_w & 0xff) == c) {
        // Skip over entry with same index byte.
        i++;
      }

      for (int n = 1; i + n < gap->ga_len; n++) {
        if ((*smp[i + n].sm_lead_w & 0xff) == c) {
          salitem_T tsal;

          // Move entry with same index byte after the entries
          // we already found.
          i++;
          n--;
          tsal = smp[i + n];
          memmove(smp + i + 1, smp + i, sizeof(salitem_T) * n);
          smp[i] = tsal;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// Turn a multi-byte string into a wide character string.
// Return it in allocated memory.
static int *mb_str2wide(char_u *s)
{
  int i = 0;

  int *res = xmalloc((mb_charlen(s) + 1) * sizeof(int));
  for (char_u *p = s; *p != NUL;) {
    res[i++] = mb_ptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p);
  }
  res[i] = NUL;

  return res;
}

/// Reads a tree from the .spl or .sug file.
/// Allocates the memory and stores pointers in "bytsp" and "idxsp".
/// This is skipped when the tree has zero length.
///
/// @param prefixtree  true for the prefix tree
/// @param prefixcnt  when "prefixtree" is true: prefix count
///
/// @return  zero when OK, SP_ value for an error.
static int spell_read_tree(FILE *fd, char_u **bytsp, long *bytsp_len, idx_T **idxsp,
                           bool prefixtree, int prefixcnt)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ARG(1, 2, 4)
{
  int idx;
  char_u *bp;
  idx_T *ip;

  // The tree size was computed when writing the file, so that we can
  // allocate it as one long block. <nodecount>
  long len = get4c(fd);
  if (len < 0) {
    return SP_TRUNCERROR;
  }
  if ((size_t)len >= SIZE_MAX / sizeof(int)) {  // -V547
    // Invalid length, multiply with sizeof(int) would overflow.
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }
  if (len > 0) {
    // Allocate the byte array.
    bp = xmalloc(len);
    *bytsp = bp;
    if (bytsp_len != NULL) {
      *bytsp_len = len;
    }

    // Allocate the index array.
    ip = xcalloc(len, sizeof(*ip));
    *idxsp = ip;

    // Recursively read the tree and store it in the array.
    idx = read_tree_node(fd, bp, ip, len, 0, prefixtree, prefixcnt);
    if (idx < 0) {
      return idx;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/// Read one row of siblings from the spell file and store it in the byte array
/// "byts" and index array "idxs".  Recursively read the children.
///
/// NOTE: The code here must match put_node()!
///
/// Returns the index (>= 0) following the siblings.
/// Returns SP_TRUNCERROR if the file is shorter than expected.
/// Returns SP_FORMERROR if there is a format error.
///
/// @param maxidx  size of arrays
/// @param startidx  current index in "byts" and "idxs"
/// @param prefixtree  true for reading PREFIXTREE
/// @param maxprefcondnr  maximum for <prefcondnr>
static idx_T read_tree_node(FILE *fd, char_u *byts, idx_T *idxs, int maxidx, idx_T startidx,
                            bool prefixtree, int maxprefcondnr)
{
  int len;
  int i;
  int n;
  idx_T idx = startidx;
  int c;
  int c2;
#define SHARED_MASK     0x8000000

  len = getc(fd);                                       // <siblingcount>
  if (len <= 0) {
    return SP_TRUNCERROR;
  }

  if (startidx + len >= maxidx) {
    return SP_FORMERROR;
  }
  byts[idx++] = len;

  // Read the byte values, flag/region bytes and shared indexes.
  for (i = 1; i <= len; ++i) {
    c = getc(fd);                                       // <byte>
    if (c < 0) {
      return SP_TRUNCERROR;
    }
    if (c <= BY_SPECIAL) {
      if (c == BY_NOFLAGS && !prefixtree) {
        // No flags, all regions.
        idxs[idx] = 0;
      } else if (c != BY_INDEX) {
        if (prefixtree) {
          // Read the optional pflags byte, the prefix ID and the
          // condition nr.  In idxs[] store the prefix ID in the low
          // byte, the condition index shifted up 8 bits, the flags
          // shifted up 24 bits.
          if (c == BY_FLAGS) {
            c = getc(fd) << 24;                         // <pflags>
          } else {
            c = 0;
          }

          c |= getc(fd);                                // <affixID>

          n = get2c(fd);                                // <prefcondnr>
          if (n >= maxprefcondnr) {
            return SP_FORMERROR;
          }
          c |= (n << 8);
        } else {    // c must be BY_FLAGS or BY_FLAGS2
                    // Read flags and optional region and prefix ID.  In
                    // idxs[] the flags go in the low two bytes, region above
                    // that and prefix ID above the region.
          c2 = c;
          c = getc(fd);                                 // <flags>
          if (c2 == BY_FLAGS2) {
            c = (getc(fd) << 8) + c;                    // <flags2>
          }
          if (c & WF_REGION) {
            c = (getc(fd) << 16) + c;                   // <region>
          }
          if (c & WF_AFX) {
            c = (getc(fd) << 24) + c;                   // <affixID>
          }
        }

        idxs[idx] = c;
        c = 0;
      } else {  // c == BY_INDEX
        // <nodeidx>
        n = get3c(fd);
        if (n < 0 || n >= maxidx) {
          return SP_FORMERROR;
        }
        idxs[idx] = n + SHARED_MASK;
        c = getc(fd);                                   // <xbyte>
      }
    }
    byts[idx++] = c;
  }

  // Recursively read the children for non-shared siblings.
  // Skip the end-of-word ones (zero byte value) and the shared ones (and
  // remove SHARED_MASK)
  for (i = 1; i <= len; ++i) {
    if (byts[startidx + i] != 0) {
      if (idxs[startidx + i] & SHARED_MASK) {
        idxs[startidx + i] &= ~SHARED_MASK;
      } else {
        idxs[startidx + i] = idx;
        idx = read_tree_node(fd, byts, idxs, maxidx, idx,
                             prefixtree, maxprefcondnr);
        if (idx < 0) {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return idx;
}

/// Reload the spell file "fname" if it's loaded.
///
/// @param added_word  invoked through "zg"
static void spell_reload_one(char_u *fname, bool added_word)
{
  slang_T *slang;
  bool didit = false;

  for (slang = first_lang; slang != NULL; slang = slang->sl_next) {
    if (path_full_compare(fname, slang->sl_fname, false, true) == kEqualFiles) {
      slang_clear(slang);
      if (spell_load_file(fname, NULL, slang, false) == NULL) {
        // reloading failed, clear the language
        slang_clear(slang);
      }
      redraw_all_later(SOME_VALID);
      didit = true;
    }
  }

  // When "zg" was used and the file wasn't loaded yet, should redo
  // 'spelllang' to load it now.
  if (added_word && !didit) {
    did_set_spelllang(curwin);
  }
}

// Functions for ":mkspell".

// In the postponed prefixes tree wn_flags is used to store the WFP_ flags,
// but it must be negative to indicate the prefix tree to tree_add_word().
// Use a negative number with the lower 8 bits zero.
#define PFX_FLAGS       -256

// flags for "condit" argument of store_aff_word()
#define CONDIT_COMB     1       // affix must combine
#define CONDIT_CFIX     2       // affix must have CIRCUMFIX flag
#define CONDIT_SUF      4       // add a suffix for matching flags
#define CONDIT_AFF      8       // word already has an affix

// Tunable parameters for when the tree is compressed.  Filled from the
// 'mkspellmem' option.
static long compress_start = 30000;     // memory / SBLOCKSIZE
static long compress_inc = 100;         // memory / SBLOCKSIZE
static long compress_added = 500000;    // word count

// Check the 'mkspellmem' option.  Return FAIL if it's wrong.
// Sets "sps_flags".
int spell_check_msm(void)
{
  char_u *p = p_msm;
  long start = 0;
  long incr = 0;
  long added = 0;

  if (!ascii_isdigit(*p)) {
    return FAIL;
  }
  // block count = (value * 1024) / SBLOCKSIZE (but avoid overflow)
  start = (getdigits_long(&p, true, 0) * 10) / (SBLOCKSIZE / 102);
  if (*p != ',') {
    return FAIL;
  }
  p++;
  if (!ascii_isdigit(*p)) {
    return FAIL;
  }
  incr = (getdigits_long(&p, true, 0) * 102) / (SBLOCKSIZE / 10);
  if (*p != ',') {
    return FAIL;
  }
  p++;
  if (!ascii_isdigit(*p)) {
    return FAIL;
  }
  added = getdigits_long(&p, true, 0) * 1024;
  if (*p != NUL) {
    return FAIL;
  }

  if (start == 0 || incr == 0 || added == 0 || incr > start) {
    return FAIL;
  }

  compress_start = start;
  compress_inc = incr;
  compress_added = added;
  return OK;
}

#ifdef SPELL_PRINTTREE
// For debugging the tree code: print the current tree in a (more or less)
// readable format, so that we can see what happens when adding a word and/or
// compressing the tree.
// Based on code from Olaf Seibert.
# define PRINTLINESIZE   1000
# define PRINTWIDTH      6

# define PRINTSOME(l, depth, fmt, a1, a2) vim_snprintf(l + depth * PRINTWIDTH, \
                                                       PRINTLINESIZE - PRINTWIDTH * depth, fmt, a1, \
                                                       a2)

static char line1[PRINTLINESIZE];
static char line2[PRINTLINESIZE];
static char line3[PRINTLINESIZE];

static void spell_clear_flags(wordnode_T *node)
{
  wordnode_T *np;

  for (np = node; np != NULL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
    np->wn_u1.index = FALSE;
    spell_clear_flags(np->wn_child);
  }
}

static void spell_print_node(wordnode_T *node, int depth)
{
  if (node->wn_u1.index) {
    // Done this node before, print the reference.
    PRINTSOME(line1, depth, "(%d)", node->wn_nr, 0);
    PRINTSOME(line2, depth, "    ", 0, 0);
    PRINTSOME(line3, depth, "    ", 0, 0);
    msg((char_u *)line1);
    msg((char_u *)line2);
    msg((char_u *)line3);
  } else {
    node->wn_u1.index = TRUE;

    if (node->wn_byte != NUL) {
      if (node->wn_child != NULL) {
        PRINTSOME(line1, depth, " %c -> ", node->wn_byte, 0);
      } else {
        // Cannot happen?
        PRINTSOME(line1, depth, " %c ???", node->wn_byte, 0);
      }
    } else {
      PRINTSOME(line1, depth, " $    ", 0, 0);
    }

    PRINTSOME(line2, depth, "%d/%d    ", node->wn_nr, node->wn_refs);

    if (node->wn_sibling != NULL) {
      PRINTSOME(line3, depth, " |    ", 0, 0);
    } else {
      PRINTSOME(line3, depth, "      ", 0, 0);
    }

    if (node->wn_byte == NUL) {
      msg((char_u *)line1);
      msg((char_u *)line2);
      msg((char_u *)line3);
    }

    // do the children
    if (node->wn_byte != NUL && node->wn_child != NULL) {
      spell_print_node(node->wn_child, depth + 1);
    }

    // do the siblings
    if (node->wn_sibling != NULL) {
      // get rid of all parent details except |
      STRCPY(line1, line3);
      STRCPY(line2, line3);
      spell_print_node(node->wn_sibling, depth);
    }
  }
}

static void spell_print_tree(wordnode_T *root)
{
  if (root != NULL) {
    // Clear the "wn_u1.index" fields, used to remember what has been
    // done.
    spell_clear_flags(root);

    // Recursively print the tree.
    spell_print_node(root, 0);
  }
}

#endif // SPELL_PRINTTREE

// Reads the affix file "fname".
// Returns an afffile_T, NULL for complete failure.
static afffile_T *spell_read_aff(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
{
  FILE *fd;
  char_u rline[MAXLINELEN];
  char_u *line;
  char_u *pc = NULL;
#define MAXITEMCNT  30
  char_u *(items[MAXITEMCNT]);
  int itemcnt;
  char_u *p;
  int lnum = 0;
  affheader_T *cur_aff = NULL;
  bool did_postpone_prefix = false;
  int aff_todo = 0;
  hashtab_T *tp;
  char_u *low = NULL;
  char_u *fol = NULL;
  char_u *upp = NULL;
  int do_rep;
  int do_repsal;
  int do_sal;
  int do_mapline;
  bool found_map = false;
  hashitem_T *hi;
  int l;
  int compminlen = 0;                   // COMPOUNDMIN value
  int compsylmax = 0;                   // COMPOUNDSYLMAX value
  int compoptions = 0;                  // COMP_ flags
  int compmax = 0;                      // COMPOUNDWORDMAX value
  char_u *compflags = NULL;        // COMPOUNDFLAG and COMPOUNDRULE
                                   // concatenated
  char_u *midword = NULL;          // MIDWORD value
  char_u *syllable = NULL;         // SYLLABLE value
  char_u *sofofrom = NULL;         // SOFOFROM value
  char_u *sofoto = NULL;           // SOFOTO value

  // Open the file.
  fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
  if (fd == NULL) {
    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
    return NULL;
  }

  vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE, _("Reading affix file %s..."), fname);
  spell_message(spin, IObuff);

  // Only do REP lines when not done in another .aff file already.
  do_rep = GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_rep);

  // Only do REPSAL lines when not done in another .aff file already.
  do_repsal = GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_repsal);

  // Only do SAL lines when not done in another .aff file already.
  do_sal = GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_sal);

  // Only do MAP lines when not done in another .aff file already.
  do_mapline = GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_map);

  // Allocate and init the afffile_T structure.
  afffile_T *aff = getroom(spin, sizeof(*aff), true);
  hash_init(&aff->af_pref);
  hash_init(&aff->af_suff);
  hash_init(&aff->af_comp);

  // Read all the lines in the file one by one.
  while (!vim_fgets(rline, MAXLINELEN, fd) && !got_int) {
    line_breakcheck();
    ++lnum;

    // Skip comment lines.
    if (*rline == '#') {
      continue;
    }

    // Convert from "SET" to 'encoding' when needed.
    xfree(pc);
    if (spin->si_conv.vc_type != CONV_NONE) {
      pc = string_convert(&spin->si_conv, rline, NULL);
      if (pc == NULL) {
        smsg(_("Conversion failure for word in %s line %d: %s"),
             fname, lnum, rline);
        continue;
      }
      line = pc;
    } else {
      pc = NULL;
      line = rline;
    }

    // Split the line up in white separated items.  Put a NUL after each
    // item.
    itemcnt = 0;
    for (p = line;;) {
      while (*p != NUL && *p <= ' ') {  // skip white space and CR/NL
        ++p;
      }
      if (*p == NUL) {
        break;
      }
      if (itemcnt == MAXITEMCNT) {          // too many items
        break;
      }
      items[itemcnt++] = p;
      // A few items have arbitrary text argument, don't split them.
      if (itemcnt == 2 && spell_info_item(items[0])) {
        while (*p >= ' ' || *p == TAB) {  // skip until CR/NL
          ++p;
        }
      } else {
        while (*p > ' ') {  // skip until white space or CR/NL
          ++p;
        }
      }
      if (*p == NUL) {
        break;
      }
      *p++ = NUL;
    }

    // Handle non-empty lines.
    if (itemcnt > 0) {
      if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "SET", 2) && aff->af_enc == NULL) {
        // Setup for conversion from "ENC" to 'encoding'.
        aff->af_enc = enc_canonize(items[1]);
        if (!spin->si_ascii
            && convert_setup(&spin->si_conv, aff->af_enc,
                             p_enc) == FAIL) {
          smsg(_("Conversion in %s not supported: from %s to %s"),
               fname, aff->af_enc, p_enc);
        }
        spin->si_conv.vc_fail = true;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "FLAG", 2)
                 && aff->af_flagtype == AFT_CHAR) {
        if (STRCMP(items[1], "long") == 0) {
          aff->af_flagtype = AFT_LONG;
        } else if (STRCMP(items[1], "num") == 0) {
          aff->af_flagtype = AFT_NUM;
        } else if (STRCMP(items[1], "caplong") == 0) {
          aff->af_flagtype = AFT_CAPLONG;
        } else {
          smsg(_("Invalid value for FLAG in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[1]);
        }
        if (aff->af_rare != 0
            || aff->af_keepcase != 0
            || aff->af_bad != 0
            || aff->af_needaffix != 0
            || aff->af_circumfix != 0
            || aff->af_needcomp != 0
            || aff->af_comproot != 0
            || aff->af_nosuggest != 0
            || compflags != NULL
            || aff->af_suff.ht_used > 0
            || aff->af_pref.ht_used > 0) {
          smsg(_("FLAG after using flags in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[1]);
        }
      } else if (spell_info_item(items[0]) && itemcnt > 1) {
        p = getroom(spin,
                    (spin->si_info == NULL ? 0 : STRLEN(spin->si_info))
                    + STRLEN(items[0])
                    + STRLEN(items[1]) + 3, false);
        if (spin->si_info != NULL) {
          STRCPY(p, spin->si_info);
          STRCAT(p, "\n");
        }
        STRCAT(p, items[0]);
        STRCAT(p, " ");
        STRCAT(p, items[1]);
        spin->si_info = p;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "MIDWORD", 2)
                 && midword == NULL) {
        midword = getroom_save(spin, items[1]);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "TRY", 2)) {
        // ignored, we look in the tree for what chars may appear
      }
      // TODO: remove "RAR" later
      else if ((is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "RAR", 2)
                || is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "RARE", 2))
               && aff->af_rare == 0) {
        aff->af_rare = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                    fname, lnum);
      }
      // TODO: remove "KEP" later
      else if ((is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "KEP", 2)
                || is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "KEEPCASE", 2))
               && aff->af_keepcase == 0) {
        aff->af_keepcase = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                        fname, lnum);
      } else if ((is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "BAD", 2)
                  || is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "FORBIDDENWORD", 2))
                 && aff->af_bad == 0) {
        aff->af_bad = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                   fname, lnum);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "NEEDAFFIX", 2)
                 && aff->af_needaffix == 0) {
        aff->af_needaffix = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                         fname, lnum);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "CIRCUMFIX", 2)
                 && aff->af_circumfix == 0) {
        aff->af_circumfix = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                         fname, lnum);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "NOSUGGEST", 2)
                 && aff->af_nosuggest == 0) {
        aff->af_nosuggest = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                         fname, lnum);
      } else if ((is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "NEEDCOMPOUND", 2)
                  || is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "ONLYINCOMPOUND", 2))
                 && aff->af_needcomp == 0) {
        aff->af_needcomp = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                        fname, lnum);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDROOT", 2)
                 && aff->af_comproot == 0) {
        aff->af_comproot = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                        fname, lnum);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDFORBIDFLAG", 2)
                 && aff->af_compforbid == 0) {
        aff->af_compforbid = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                          fname, lnum);
        if (aff->af_pref.ht_used > 0) {
          smsg(_("Defining COMPOUNDFORBIDFLAG after PFX item may give wrong results in %s line %d"),
               fname, lnum);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDPERMITFLAG", 2)
                 && aff->af_comppermit == 0) {
        aff->af_comppermit = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                          fname, lnum);
        if (aff->af_pref.ht_used > 0) {
          smsg(_("Defining COMPOUNDPERMITFLAG after PFX item may give wrong results in %s line %d"),
               fname, lnum);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDFLAG", 2)
                 && compflags == NULL) {
        // Turn flag "c" into COMPOUNDRULE compatible string "c+",
        // "Na" into "Na+", "1234" into "1234+".
        p = getroom(spin, STRLEN(items[1]) + 2, false);
        STRCPY(p, items[1]);
        STRCAT(p, "+");
        compflags = p;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDRULES", 2)) {
        // We don't use the count, but do check that it's a number and
        // not COMPOUNDRULE mistyped.
        if (atoi((char *)items[1]) == 0) {
          smsg(_("Wrong COMPOUNDRULES value in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[1]);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDRULE", 2)) {
        // Don't use the first rule if it is a number.
        if (compflags != NULL || *skipdigits(items[1]) != NUL) {
          // Concatenate this string to previously defined ones,
          // using a slash to separate them.
          l = (int)STRLEN(items[1]) + 1;
          if (compflags != NULL) {
            l += (int)STRLEN(compflags) + 1;
          }
          p = getroom(spin, l, false);
          if (compflags != NULL) {
            STRCPY(p, compflags);
            STRCAT(p, "/");
          }
          STRCAT(p, items[1]);
          compflags = p;
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDWORDMAX", 2)
                 && compmax == 0) {
        compmax = atoi((char *)items[1]);
        if (compmax == 0) {
          smsg(_("Wrong COMPOUNDWORDMAX value in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[1]);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDMIN", 2)
                 && compminlen == 0) {
        compminlen = atoi((char *)items[1]);
        if (compminlen == 0) {
          smsg(_("Wrong COMPOUNDMIN value in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[1]);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "COMPOUNDSYLMAX", 2)
                 && compsylmax == 0) {
        compsylmax = atoi((char *)items[1]);
        if (compsylmax == 0) {
          smsg(_("Wrong COMPOUNDSYLMAX value in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[1]);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "CHECKCOMPOUNDDUP", 1)) {
        compoptions |= COMP_CHECKDUP;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "CHECKCOMPOUNDREP", 1)) {
        compoptions |= COMP_CHECKREP;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "CHECKCOMPOUNDCASE", 1)) {
        compoptions |= COMP_CHECKCASE;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "CHECKCOMPOUNDTRIPLE", 1)) {
        compoptions |= COMP_CHECKTRIPLE;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "CHECKCOMPOUNDPATTERN", 2)) {
        if (atoi((char *)items[1]) == 0) {
          smsg(_("Wrong CHECKCOMPOUNDPATTERN value in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[1]);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "CHECKCOMPOUNDPATTERN", 3)) {
        garray_T *gap = &spin->si_comppat;
        int i;

        // Only add the couple if it isn't already there.
        for (i = 0; i < gap->ga_len - 1; i += 2) {
          if (STRCMP(((char_u **)(gap->ga_data))[i], items[1]) == 0
              && STRCMP(((char_u **)(gap->ga_data))[i + 1],
                        items[2]) == 0) {
            break;
          }
        }
        if (i >= gap->ga_len) {
          ga_grow(gap, 2);
          ((char_u **)(gap->ga_data))[gap->ga_len++]
            = getroom_save(spin, items[1]);
          ((char_u **)(gap->ga_data))[gap->ga_len++]
            = getroom_save(spin, items[2]);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "SYLLABLE", 2)
                 && syllable == NULL) {
        syllable = getroom_save(spin, items[1]);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "NOBREAK", 1)) {
        spin->si_nobreak = true;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "NOSPLITSUGS", 1)) {
        spin->si_nosplitsugs = true;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "NOCOMPOUNDSUGS", 1)) {
        spin->si_nocompoundsugs = true;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "NOSUGFILE", 1)) {
        spin->si_nosugfile = true;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "PFXPOSTPONE", 1)) {
        aff->af_pfxpostpone = true;
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "IGNOREEXTRA", 1)) {
        aff->af_ignoreextra = true;
      } else if ((STRCMP(items[0], "PFX") == 0
                  || STRCMP(items[0], "SFX") == 0)
                 && aff_todo == 0
                 && itemcnt >= 4) {
        int lasti = 4;
        char_u key[AH_KEY_LEN];

        if (*items[0] == 'P') {
          tp = &aff->af_pref;
        } else {
          tp = &aff->af_suff;
        }

        // Myspell allows the same affix name to be used multiple
        // times.  The affix files that do this have an undocumented
        // "S" flag on all but the last block, thus we check for that
        // and store it in ah_follows.
        STRLCPY(key, items[1], AH_KEY_LEN);
        hi = hash_find(tp, key);
        if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
          cur_aff = HI2AH(hi);
          if (cur_aff->ah_combine != (*items[2] == 'Y')) {
            smsg(_("Different combining flag in continued affix block in %s line %d: %s"),
                 fname, lnum, items[1]);
          }
          if (!cur_aff->ah_follows) {
            smsg(_("Duplicate affix in %s line %d: %s"),
                 fname, lnum, items[1]);
          }
        } else {
          // New affix letter.
          cur_aff = getroom(spin, sizeof(*cur_aff), true);
          cur_aff->ah_flag = affitem2flag(aff->af_flagtype, items[1],
                                          fname, lnum);
          if (cur_aff->ah_flag == 0 || STRLEN(items[1]) >= AH_KEY_LEN) {
            break;
          }
          if (cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_bad
              || cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_rare
              || cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_keepcase
              || cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_needaffix
              || cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_circumfix
              || cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_nosuggest
              || cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_needcomp
              || cur_aff->ah_flag == aff->af_comproot) {
            smsg(_("Affix also used for "
                   "BAD/RARE/KEEPCASE/NEEDAFFIX/NEEDCOMPOUND/NOSUGGEST"
                   "in %s line %d: %s"),
                 fname, lnum, items[1]);
          }
          STRCPY(cur_aff->ah_key, items[1]);
          hash_add(tp, cur_aff->ah_key);

          cur_aff->ah_combine = (*items[2] == 'Y');
        }

        // Check for the "S" flag, which apparently means that another
        // block with the same affix name is following.
        if (itemcnt > lasti && STRCMP(items[lasti], "S") == 0) {
          ++lasti;
          cur_aff->ah_follows = true;
        } else {
          cur_aff->ah_follows = false;
        }

        // Myspell allows extra text after the item, but that might
        // mean mistakes go unnoticed.  Require a comment-starter,
        // unless IGNOREEXTRA is used.  Hunspell uses a "-" item.
        if (itemcnt > lasti
            && !aff->af_ignoreextra
            && *items[lasti] != '#') {
          smsg(_(e_afftrailing), fname, lnum, items[lasti]);
        }

        if (STRCMP(items[2], "Y") != 0 && STRCMP(items[2], "N") != 0) {
          smsg(_("Expected Y or N in %s line %d: %s"),
               fname, lnum, items[2]);
        }

        if (*items[0] == 'P' && aff->af_pfxpostpone) {
          if (cur_aff->ah_newID == 0) {
            // Use a new number in the .spl file later, to be able
            // to handle multiple .aff files.
            check_renumber(spin);
            cur_aff->ah_newID = ++spin->si_newprefID;

            // We only really use ah_newID if the prefix is
            // postponed.  We know that only after handling all
            // the items.
            did_postpone_prefix = false;
          } else {
            // Did use the ID in a previous block.
            did_postpone_prefix = true;
          }
        }

        aff_todo = atoi((char *)items[3]);
      } else if ((STRCMP(items[0], "PFX") == 0
                  || STRCMP(items[0], "SFX") == 0)
                 && aff_todo > 0
                 && STRCMP(cur_aff->ah_key, items[1]) == 0
                 && itemcnt >= 5) {
        affentry_T *aff_entry;
        bool upper = false;
        int lasti = 5;

        // Myspell allows extra text after the item, but that might
        // mean mistakes go unnoticed.  Require a comment-starter.
        // Hunspell uses a "-" item.
        if (itemcnt > lasti && *items[lasti] != '#'
            && (STRCMP(items[lasti], "-") != 0
                || itemcnt != lasti + 1)) {
          smsg(_(e_afftrailing), fname, lnum, items[lasti]);
        }

        // New item for an affix letter.
        aff_todo--;
        aff_entry = getroom(spin, sizeof(*aff_entry), true);

        if (STRCMP(items[2], "0") != 0) {
          aff_entry->ae_chop = getroom_save(spin, items[2]);
        }
        if (STRCMP(items[3], "0") != 0) {
          aff_entry->ae_add = getroom_save(spin, items[3]);

          // Recognize flags on the affix: abcd/XYZ
          aff_entry->ae_flags = vim_strchr(aff_entry->ae_add, '/');
          if (aff_entry->ae_flags != NULL) {
            *aff_entry->ae_flags++ = NUL;
            aff_process_flags(aff, aff_entry);
          }
        }

        // Don't use an affix entry with non-ASCII characters when
        // "spin->si_ascii" is true.
        if (!spin->si_ascii || !(has_non_ascii(aff_entry->ae_chop)
                                 || has_non_ascii(aff_entry->ae_add))) {
          aff_entry->ae_next = cur_aff->ah_first;
          cur_aff->ah_first = aff_entry;

          if (STRCMP(items[4], ".") != 0) {
            char_u buf[MAXLINELEN];

            aff_entry->ae_cond = getroom_save(spin, items[4]);
            if (*items[0] == 'P') {
              sprintf((char *)buf, "^%s", items[4]);
            } else {
              sprintf((char *)buf, "%s$", items[4]);
            }
            aff_entry->ae_prog = vim_regcomp(buf,
                                             RE_MAGIC + RE_STRING + RE_STRICT);
            if (aff_entry->ae_prog == NULL) {
              smsg(_("Broken condition in %s line %d: %s"),
                   fname, lnum, items[4]);
            }
          }

          // For postponed prefixes we need an entry in si_prefcond
          // for the condition.  Use an existing one if possible.
          // Can't be done for an affix with flags, ignoring
          // COMPOUNDFORBIDFLAG and COMPOUNDPERMITFLAG.
          if (*items[0] == 'P' && aff->af_pfxpostpone
              && aff_entry->ae_flags == NULL) {
            // When the chop string is one lower-case letter and
            // the add string ends in the upper-case letter we set
            // the "upper" flag, clear "ae_chop" and remove the
            // letters from "ae_add".  The condition must either
            // be empty or start with the same letter.
            if (aff_entry->ae_chop != NULL
                && aff_entry->ae_add != NULL
                && aff_entry->ae_chop[utfc_ptr2len(aff_entry->ae_chop)] ==
                NUL) {
              int c, c_up;

              c = utf_ptr2char(aff_entry->ae_chop);
              c_up = SPELL_TOUPPER(c);
              if (c_up != c
                  && (aff_entry->ae_cond == NULL
                      || utf_ptr2char(aff_entry->ae_cond) == c)) {
                p = aff_entry->ae_add
                    + STRLEN(aff_entry->ae_add);
                MB_PTR_BACK(aff_entry->ae_add, p);
                if (utf_ptr2char(p) == c_up) {
                  upper = true;
                  aff_entry->ae_chop = NULL;
                  *p = NUL;

                  // The condition is matched with the
                  // actual word, thus must check for the
                  // upper-case letter.
                  if (aff_entry->ae_cond != NULL) {
                    char_u buf[MAXLINELEN];
                    onecap_copy(items[4], buf, true);
                    aff_entry->ae_cond = getroom_save(spin, buf);
                    if (aff_entry->ae_cond != NULL) {
                      sprintf((char *)buf, "^%s",
                              aff_entry->ae_cond);
                      vim_regfree(aff_entry->ae_prog);
                      aff_entry->ae_prog = vim_regcomp(buf, RE_MAGIC + RE_STRING);
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }

            if (aff_entry->ae_chop == NULL) {
              int idx;
              char_u **pp;
              int n;

              // Find a previously used condition.
              for (idx = spin->si_prefcond.ga_len - 1; idx >= 0;
                   --idx) {
                p = ((char_u **)spin->si_prefcond.ga_data)[idx];
                if (str_equal(p, aff_entry->ae_cond)) {
                  break;
                }
              }
              if (idx < 0) {
                // Not found, add a new condition.
                idx = spin->si_prefcond.ga_len;
                pp = GA_APPEND_VIA_PTR(char_u *, &spin->si_prefcond);
                *pp = (aff_entry->ae_cond == NULL) ?
                      NULL : getroom_save(spin, aff_entry->ae_cond);
              }

              // Add the prefix to the prefix tree.
              if (aff_entry->ae_add == NULL) {
                p = (char_u *)"";
              } else {
                p = aff_entry->ae_add;
              }

              // PFX_FLAGS is a negative number, so that
              // tree_add_word() knows this is the prefix tree.
              n = PFX_FLAGS;
              if (!cur_aff->ah_combine) {
                n |= WFP_NC;
              }
              if (upper) {
                n |= WFP_UP;
              }
              if (aff_entry->ae_comppermit) {
                n |= WFP_COMPPERMIT;
              }
              if (aff_entry->ae_compforbid) {
                n |= WFP_COMPFORBID;
              }
              tree_add_word(spin, p, spin->si_prefroot, n,
                            idx, cur_aff->ah_newID);
              did_postpone_prefix = true;
            }

            // Didn't actually use ah_newID, backup si_newprefID.
            if (aff_todo == 0 && !did_postpone_prefix) {
              --spin->si_newprefID;
              cur_aff->ah_newID = 0;
            }
          }
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "FOL", 2) && fol == NULL) {
        fol = vim_strsave(items[1]);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "LOW", 2) && low == NULL) {
        low = vim_strsave(items[1]);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "UPP", 2) && upp == NULL) {
        upp = vim_strsave(items[1]);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "REP", 2)
                 || is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "REPSAL", 2)) {
        // Ignore REP/REPSAL count
        if (!isdigit(*items[1])) {
          smsg(_("Expected REP(SAL) count in %s line %d"),
               fname, lnum);
        }
      } else if ((STRCMP(items[0], "REP") == 0
                  || STRCMP(items[0], "REPSAL") == 0)
                 && itemcnt >= 3) {
        // REP/REPSAL item
        // Myspell ignores extra arguments, we require it starts with
        // # to detect mistakes.
        if (itemcnt > 3 && items[3][0] != '#') {
          smsg(_(e_afftrailing), fname, lnum, items[3]);
        }
        if (items[0][3] == 'S' ? do_repsal : do_rep) {
          // Replace underscore with space (can't include a space
          // directly).
          for (p = items[1]; *p != NUL; MB_PTR_ADV(p)) {
            if (*p == '_') {
              *p = ' ';
            }
          }
          for (p = items[2]; *p != NUL; MB_PTR_ADV(p)) {
            if (*p == '_') {
              *p = ' ';
            }
          }
          add_fromto(spin, items[0][3] == 'S'
              ? &spin->si_repsal
              : &spin->si_rep, items[1], items[2]);
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "MAP", 2)) {
        // MAP item or count
        if (!found_map) {
          // First line contains the count.
          found_map = true;
          if (!isdigit(*items[1])) {
            smsg(_("Expected MAP count in %s line %d"),
                 fname, lnum);
          }
        } else if (do_mapline) {
          int c;

          // Check that every character appears only once.
          for (p = items[1]; *p != NUL;) {
            c = mb_ptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p);
            if ((!GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_map)
                 && vim_strchr(spin->si_map.ga_data, c)
                 != NULL)
                || vim_strchr(p, c) != NULL) {
              smsg(_("Duplicate character in MAP in %s line %d"),
                   fname, lnum);
            }
          }

          // We simply concatenate all the MAP strings, separated by
          // slashes.
          ga_concat(&spin->si_map, (char *)items[1]);
          ga_append(&spin->si_map, '/');
        }
      }
      // Accept "SAL from to" and "SAL from to  #comment".
      else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "SAL", 3)) {
        if (do_sal) {
          // SAL item (sounds-a-like)
          // Either one of the known keys or a from-to pair.
          if (STRCMP(items[1], "followup") == 0) {
            spin->si_followup = sal_to_bool(items[2]);
          } else if (STRCMP(items[1], "collapse_result") == 0) {
            spin->si_collapse = sal_to_bool(items[2]);
          } else if (STRCMP(items[1], "remove_accents") == 0) {
            spin->si_rem_accents = sal_to_bool(items[2]);
          } else {
            // when "to" is "_" it means empty
            add_fromto(spin, &spin->si_sal, items[1],
                       STRCMP(items[2], "_") == 0 ? (char_u *)""
                                                  : items[2]);
          }
        }
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "SOFOFROM", 2)
                 && sofofrom == NULL) {
        sofofrom = getroom_save(spin, items[1]);
      } else if (is_aff_rule(items, itemcnt, "SOFOTO", 2)
                 && sofoto == NULL) {
        sofoto = getroom_save(spin, items[1]);
      } else if (STRCMP(items[0], "COMMON") == 0) {
        int i;

        for (i = 1; i < itemcnt; ++i) {
          if (HASHITEM_EMPTY(hash_find(&spin->si_commonwords,
                                       items[i]))) {
            p = vim_strsave(items[i]);
            hash_add(&spin->si_commonwords, p);
          }
        }
      } else {
        smsg(_("Unrecognized or duplicate item in %s line %d: %s"),
             fname, lnum, items[0]);
      }
    }
  }

  if (fol != NULL || low != NULL || upp != NULL) {
    if (spin->si_clear_chartab) {
      // Clear the char type tables, don't want to use any of the
      // currently used spell properties.
      init_spell_chartab();
      spin->si_clear_chartab = false;
    }

    xfree(fol);
    xfree(low);
    xfree(upp);
  }

  // Use compound specifications of the .aff file for the spell info.
  if (compmax != 0) {
    aff_check_number(spin->si_compmax, compmax, "COMPOUNDWORDMAX");
    spin->si_compmax = compmax;
  }

  if (compminlen != 0) {
    aff_check_number(spin->si_compminlen, compminlen, "COMPOUNDMIN");
    spin->si_compminlen = compminlen;
  }

  if (compsylmax != 0) {
    if (syllable == NULL) {
      smsg("%s", _("COMPOUNDSYLMAX used without SYLLABLE"));
    }
    aff_check_number(spin->si_compsylmax, compsylmax, "COMPOUNDSYLMAX");
    spin->si_compsylmax = compsylmax;
  }

  if (compoptions != 0) {
    aff_check_number(spin->si_compoptions, compoptions, "COMPOUND options");
    spin->si_compoptions |= compoptions;
  }

  if (compflags != NULL) {
    process_compflags(spin, aff, compflags);
  }

  // Check that we didn't use too many renumbered flags.
  if (spin->si_newcompID < spin->si_newprefID) {
    if (spin->si_newcompID == 127 || spin->si_newcompID == 255) {
      msg(_("Too many postponed prefixes"));
    } else if (spin->si_newprefID == 0 || spin->si_newprefID == 127) {
      msg(_("Too many compound flags"));
    } else {
      msg(_("Too many postponed prefixes and/or compound flags"));
    }
  }

  if (syllable != NULL) {
    aff_check_string(spin->si_syllable, syllable, "SYLLABLE");
    spin->si_syllable = syllable;
  }

  if (sofofrom != NULL || sofoto != NULL) {
    if (sofofrom == NULL || sofoto == NULL) {
      smsg(_("Missing SOFO%s line in %s"),
           sofofrom == NULL ? "FROM" : "TO", fname);
    } else if (!GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_sal)) {
      smsg(_("Both SAL and SOFO lines in %s"), fname);
    } else {
      aff_check_string(spin->si_sofofr, sofofrom, "SOFOFROM");
      aff_check_string(spin->si_sofoto, sofoto, "SOFOTO");
      spin->si_sofofr = sofofrom;
      spin->si_sofoto = sofoto;
    }
  }

  if (midword != NULL) {
    aff_check_string(spin->si_midword, midword, "MIDWORD");
    spin->si_midword = midword;
  }

  xfree(pc);
  fclose(fd);
  return aff;
}

// Returns true when items[0] equals "rulename", there are "mincount" items or
// a comment is following after item "mincount".
static bool is_aff_rule(char_u **items, int itemcnt, char *rulename, int mincount)
{
  return STRCMP(items[0], rulename) == 0
         && (itemcnt == mincount
             || (itemcnt > mincount && items[mincount][0] == '#'));
}

// For affix "entry" move COMPOUNDFORBIDFLAG and COMPOUNDPERMITFLAG from
// ae_flags to ae_comppermit and ae_compforbid.
static void aff_process_flags(afffile_T *affile, affentry_T *entry)
{
  char_u *p;
  char_u *prevp;
  unsigned flag;

  if (entry->ae_flags != NULL
      && (affile->af_compforbid != 0 || affile->af_comppermit != 0)) {
    for (p = entry->ae_flags; *p != NUL;) {
      prevp = p;
      flag = get_affitem(affile->af_flagtype, &p);
      if (flag == affile->af_comppermit || flag == affile->af_compforbid) {
        STRMOVE(prevp, p);
        p = prevp;
        if (flag == affile->af_comppermit) {
          entry->ae_comppermit = true;
        } else {
          entry->ae_compforbid = true;
        }
      }
      if (affile->af_flagtype == AFT_NUM && *p == ',') {
        ++p;
      }
    }
    if (*entry->ae_flags == NUL) {
      entry->ae_flags = NULL;           // nothing left
    }
  }
}

// Returns true if "s" is the name of an info item in the affix file.
static bool spell_info_item(char_u *s)
{
  return STRCMP(s, "NAME") == 0
         || STRCMP(s, "HOME") == 0
         || STRCMP(s, "VERSION") == 0
         || STRCMP(s, "AUTHOR") == 0
         || STRCMP(s, "EMAIL") == 0
         || STRCMP(s, "COPYRIGHT") == 0;
}

// Turn an affix flag name into a number, according to the FLAG type.
// returns zero for failure.
static unsigned affitem2flag(int flagtype, char_u *item, char_u *fname, int lnum)
{
  unsigned res;
  char_u *p = item;

  res = get_affitem(flagtype, &p);
  if (res == 0) {
    if (flagtype == AFT_NUM) {
      smsg(_("Flag is not a number in %s line %d: %s"),
           fname, lnum, item);
    } else {
      smsg(_("Illegal flag in %s line %d: %s"),
           fname, lnum, item);
    }
  }
  if (*p != NUL) {
    smsg(_(e_affname), fname, lnum, item);
    return 0;
  }

  return res;
}

// Get one affix name from "*pp" and advance the pointer.
// Returns ZERO_FLAG for "0".
// Returns zero for an error, still advances the pointer then.
static unsigned get_affitem(int flagtype, char_u **pp)
{
  int res;

  if (flagtype == AFT_NUM) {
    if (!ascii_isdigit(**pp)) {
      ++*pp;            // always advance, avoid getting stuck
      return 0;
    }
    res = getdigits_int(pp, true, 0);
    if (res == 0) {
      res = ZERO_FLAG;
    }
  } else {
    res = mb_ptr2char_adv((const char_u **)pp);
    if (flagtype == AFT_LONG || (flagtype == AFT_CAPLONG
                                 && res >= 'A' && res <= 'Z')) {
      if (**pp == NUL) {
        return 0;
      }
      res = mb_ptr2char_adv((const char_u **)pp) + (res << 16);
    }
  }
  return res;
}

// Process the "compflags" string used in an affix file and append it to
// spin->si_compflags.
// The processing involves changing the affix names to ID numbers, so that
// they fit in one byte.
static void process_compflags(spellinfo_T *spin, afffile_T *aff, char_u *compflags)
{
  char_u *p;
  char_u *prevp;
  unsigned flag;
  compitem_T *ci;
  int id;
  int len;
  char_u *tp;
  char_u key[AH_KEY_LEN];
  hashitem_T *hi;

  // Make room for the old and the new compflags, concatenated with a / in
  // between.  Processing it makes it shorter, but we don't know by how
  // much, thus allocate the maximum.
  len = (int)STRLEN(compflags) + 1;
  if (spin->si_compflags != NULL) {
    len += (int)STRLEN(spin->si_compflags) + 1;
  }
  p = getroom(spin, len, false);
  if (spin->si_compflags != NULL) {
    STRCPY(p, spin->si_compflags);
    STRCAT(p, "/");
  }
  spin->si_compflags = p;
  tp = p + STRLEN(p);

  for (p = compflags; *p != NUL;) {
    if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"/?*+[]", *p) != NULL) {
      // Copy non-flag characters directly.
      *tp++ = *p++;
    } else {
      // First get the flag number, also checks validity.
      prevp = p;
      flag = get_affitem(aff->af_flagtype, &p);
      if (flag != 0) {
        // Find the flag in the hashtable.  If it was used before, use
        // the existing ID.  Otherwise add a new entry.
        STRLCPY(key, prevp, p - prevp + 1);
        hi = hash_find(&aff->af_comp, key);
        if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
          id = HI2CI(hi)->ci_newID;
        } else {
          ci = getroom(spin, sizeof(compitem_T), true);
          STRCPY(ci->ci_key, key);
          ci->ci_flag = flag;
          // Avoid using a flag ID that has a special meaning in a
          // regexp (also inside []).
          do {
            check_renumber(spin);
            id = spin->si_newcompID--;
          } while (vim_strchr((char_u *)"/?*+[]\\-^", id) != NULL);
          ci->ci_newID = id;
          hash_add(&aff->af_comp, ci->ci_key);
        }
        *tp++ = id;
      }
      if (aff->af_flagtype == AFT_NUM && *p == ',') {
        ++p;
      }
    }
  }

  *tp = NUL;
}

// Check that the new IDs for postponed affixes and compounding don't overrun
// each other.  We have almost 255 available, but start at 0-127 to avoid
// using two bytes for utf-8.  When the 0-127 range is used up go to 128-255.
// When that is used up an error message is given.
static void check_renumber(spellinfo_T *spin)
{
  if (spin->si_newprefID == spin->si_newcompID && spin->si_newcompID < 128) {
    spin->si_newprefID = 127;
    spin->si_newcompID = 255;
  }
}

// Returns true if flag "flag" appears in affix list "afflist".
static bool flag_in_afflist(int flagtype, char_u *afflist, unsigned flag)
{
  char_u *p;
  unsigned n;

  switch (flagtype) {
  case AFT_CHAR:
    return vim_strchr(afflist, flag) != NULL;

  case AFT_CAPLONG:
  case AFT_LONG:
    for (p = afflist; *p != NUL;) {
      n = mb_ptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p);
      if ((flagtype == AFT_LONG || (n >= 'A' && n <= 'Z'))
          && *p != NUL) {
        n = mb_ptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p) + (n << 16);
      }
      if (n == flag) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    break;

  case AFT_NUM:
    for (p = afflist; *p != NUL;) {
      int digits = getdigits_int(&p, true, 0);
      assert(digits >= 0);
      n = (unsigned int)digits;
      if (n == 0) {
        n = ZERO_FLAG;
      }
      if (n == flag) {
        return true;
      }
      if (*p != NUL) {          // skip over comma
        p++;
      }
    }
    break;
  }
  return false;
}

// Give a warning when "spinval" and "affval" numbers are set and not the same.
static void aff_check_number(int spinval, int affval, char *name)
{
  if (spinval != 0 && spinval != affval) {
    smsg(_("%s value differs from what is used in another .aff file"),
         name);
  }
}

// Give a warning when "spinval" and "affval" strings are set and not the same.
static void aff_check_string(char_u *spinval, char_u *affval, char *name)
{
  if (spinval != NULL && STRCMP(spinval, affval) != 0) {
    smsg(_("%s value differs from what is used in another .aff file"),
         name);
  }
}

// Returns true if strings "s1" and "s2" are equal.  Also consider both being
// NULL as equal.
static bool str_equal(char_u *s1, char_u *s2)
{
  if (s1 == NULL || s2 == NULL) {
    return s1 == s2;
  }
  return STRCMP(s1, s2) == 0;
}

// Add a from-to item to "gap".  Used for REP and SAL items.
// They are stored case-folded.
static void add_fromto(spellinfo_T *spin, garray_T *gap, char_u *from, char_u *to)
{
  char_u word[MAXWLEN];

  fromto_T *ftp = GA_APPEND_VIA_PTR(fromto_T, gap);
  (void)spell_casefold(curwin, from, (int)STRLEN(from), word, MAXWLEN);
  ftp->ft_from = getroom_save(spin, word);
  (void)spell_casefold(curwin, to, (int)STRLEN(to), word, MAXWLEN);
  ftp->ft_to = getroom_save(spin, word);
}

// Converts a boolean argument in a SAL line to true or false;
static bool sal_to_bool(char_u *s)
{
  return STRCMP(s, "1") == 0 || STRCMP(s, "true") == 0;
}

// Free the structure filled by spell_read_aff().
static void spell_free_aff(afffile_T *aff)
{
  hashtab_T *ht;
  hashitem_T *hi;
  int todo;
  affheader_T *ah;
  affentry_T *ae;

  xfree(aff->af_enc);

  // All this trouble to free the "ae_prog" items...
  for (ht = &aff->af_pref;; ht = &aff->af_suff) {
    todo = (int)ht->ht_used;
    for (hi = ht->ht_array; todo > 0; ++hi) {
      if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
        --todo;
        ah = HI2AH(hi);
        for (ae = ah->ah_first; ae != NULL; ae = ae->ae_next) {
          vim_regfree(ae->ae_prog);
        }
      }
    }
    if (ht == &aff->af_suff) {
      break;
    }
  }

  hash_clear(&aff->af_pref);
  hash_clear(&aff->af_suff);
  hash_clear(&aff->af_comp);
}

// Read dictionary file "fname".
// Returns OK or FAIL;
static int spell_read_dic(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname, afffile_T *affile)
{
  hashtab_T ht;
  char_u line[MAXLINELEN];
  char_u *p;
  char_u *afflist;
  char_u store_afflist[MAXWLEN];
  int pfxlen;
  bool need_affix;
  char_u *dw;
  char_u *pc;
  char_u *w;
  int l;
  hash_T hash;
  hashitem_T *hi;
  FILE *fd;
  int lnum = 1;
  int non_ascii = 0;
  int retval = OK;
  char_u message[MAXLINELEN + MAXWLEN];
  int flags;
  int duplicate = 0;
  Timestamp last_msg_time = 0;

  // Open the file.
  fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
  if (fd == NULL) {
    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
    return FAIL;
  }

  // The hashtable is only used to detect duplicated words.
  hash_init(&ht);

  vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
               _("Reading dictionary file %s..."), fname);
  spell_message(spin, IObuff);

  // start with a message for the first line
  spin->si_msg_count = 999999;

  // Read and ignore the first line: word count.
  if (vim_fgets(line, MAXLINELEN, fd) || !ascii_isdigit(*skipwhite(line))) {
    semsg(_("E760: No word count in %s"), fname);
  }

  // Read all the lines in the file one by one.
  // The words are converted to 'encoding' here, before being added to
  // the hashtable.
  while (!vim_fgets(line, MAXLINELEN, fd) && !got_int) {
    line_breakcheck();
    ++lnum;
    if (line[0] == '#' || line[0] == '/') {
      continue;         // comment line
    }
    // Remove CR, LF and white space from the end.  White space halfway through
    // the word is kept to allow multi-word terms like "et al.".
    l = (int)STRLEN(line);
    while (l > 0 && line[l - 1] <= ' ') {
      --l;
    }
    if (l == 0) {
      continue;         // empty line
    }
    line[l] = NUL;

    // Convert from "SET" to 'encoding' when needed.
    if (spin->si_conv.vc_type != CONV_NONE) {
      pc = string_convert(&spin->si_conv, line, NULL);
      if (pc == NULL) {
        smsg(_("Conversion failure for word in %s line %d: %s"),
             fname, lnum, line);
        continue;
      }
      w = pc;
    } else {
      pc = NULL;
      w = line;
    }

    // Truncate the word at the "/", set "afflist" to what follows.
    // Replace "\/" by "/" and "\\" by "\".
    afflist = NULL;
    for (p = w; *p != NUL; MB_PTR_ADV(p)) {
      if (*p == '\\' && (p[1] == '\\' || p[1] == '/')) {
        STRMOVE(p, p + 1);
      } else if (*p == '/') {
        *p = NUL;
        afflist = p + 1;
        break;
      }
    }

    // Skip non-ASCII words when "spin->si_ascii" is true.
    if (spin->si_ascii && has_non_ascii(w)) {
      ++non_ascii;
      xfree(pc);
      continue;
    }

    // This takes time, print a message every 10000 words, but not more
    // often than once per second.
    if (spin->si_verbose && spin->si_msg_count > 10000) {
      spin->si_msg_count = 0;
      if (os_time() > last_msg_time) {
        last_msg_time = os_time();
        vim_snprintf((char *)message, sizeof(message),
                     _("line %6d, word %6ld - %s"),
                     lnum, spin->si_foldwcount + spin->si_keepwcount, w);
        msg_start();
        msg_outtrans_long_attr(message, 0);
        msg_clr_eos();
        msg_didout = false;
        msg_col = 0;
        ui_flush();
      }
    }

    // Store the word in the hashtable to be able to find duplicates.
    dw = getroom_save(spin, w);
    if (dw == NULL) {
      retval = FAIL;
      xfree(pc);
      break;
    }

    hash = hash_hash(dw);
    hi = hash_lookup(&ht, (const char *)dw, STRLEN(dw), hash);
    if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
      if (p_verbose > 0) {
        smsg(_("Duplicate word in %s line %d: %s"),
             fname, lnum, dw);
      } else if (duplicate == 0) {
        smsg(_("First duplicate word in %s line %d: %s"),
             fname, lnum, dw);
      }
      ++duplicate;
    } else {
      hash_add_item(&ht, hi, dw, hash);
    }

    flags = 0;
    store_afflist[0] = NUL;
    pfxlen = 0;
    need_affix = false;
    if (afflist != NULL) {
      // Extract flags from the affix list.
      flags |= get_affix_flags(affile, afflist);

      if (affile->af_needaffix != 0
          && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist,
                             affile->af_needaffix)) {
        need_affix = true;
      }

      if (affile->af_pfxpostpone) {
        // Need to store the list of prefix IDs with the word.
        pfxlen = get_pfxlist(affile, afflist, store_afflist);
      }

      if (spin->si_compflags != NULL) {
        // Need to store the list of compound flags with the word.
        // Concatenate them to the list of prefix IDs.
        get_compflags(affile, afflist, store_afflist + pfxlen);
      }
    }

    // Add the word to the word tree(s).
    if (store_word(spin, dw, flags, spin->si_region,
                   store_afflist, need_affix) == FAIL) {
      retval = FAIL;
    }

    if (afflist != NULL) {
      // Find all matching suffixes and add the resulting words.
      // Additionally do matching prefixes that combine.
      if (store_aff_word(spin, dw, afflist, affile,
                         &affile->af_suff, &affile->af_pref,
                         CONDIT_SUF, flags, store_afflist, pfxlen) == FAIL) {
        retval = FAIL;
      }

      // Find all matching prefixes and add the resulting words.
      if (store_aff_word(spin, dw, afflist, affile,
                         &affile->af_pref, NULL,
                         CONDIT_SUF, flags, store_afflist, pfxlen) == FAIL) {
        retval = FAIL;
      }
    }

    xfree(pc);
  }

  if (duplicate > 0) {
    smsg(_("%d duplicate word(s) in %s"), duplicate, fname);
  }
  if (spin->si_ascii && non_ascii > 0) {
    smsg(_("Ignored %d word(s) with non-ASCII characters in %s"),
         non_ascii, fname);
  }
  hash_clear(&ht);

  fclose(fd);
  return retval;
}

// Check for affix flags in "afflist" that are turned into word flags.
// Return WF_ flags.
static int get_affix_flags(afffile_T *affile, char_u *afflist)
{
  int flags = 0;

  if (affile->af_keepcase != 0
      && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist,
                         affile->af_keepcase)) {
    flags |= WF_KEEPCAP | WF_FIXCAP;
  }
  if (affile->af_rare != 0
      && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist, affile->af_rare)) {
    flags |= WF_RARE;
  }
  if (affile->af_bad != 0
      && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist, affile->af_bad)) {
    flags |= WF_BANNED;
  }
  if (affile->af_needcomp != 0
      && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist,
                         affile->af_needcomp)) {
    flags |= WF_NEEDCOMP;
  }
  if (affile->af_comproot != 0
      && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist,
                         affile->af_comproot)) {
    flags |= WF_COMPROOT;
  }
  if (affile->af_nosuggest != 0
      && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist,
                         affile->af_nosuggest)) {
    flags |= WF_NOSUGGEST;
  }
  return flags;
}

// Get the list of prefix IDs from the affix list "afflist".
// Used for PFXPOSTPONE.
// Put the resulting flags in "store_afflist[MAXWLEN]" with a terminating NUL
// and return the number of affixes.
static int get_pfxlist(afffile_T *affile, char_u *afflist, char_u *store_afflist)
{
  char_u *p;
  char_u *prevp;
  int cnt = 0;
  int id;
  char_u key[AH_KEY_LEN];
  hashitem_T *hi;

  for (p = afflist; *p != NUL;) {
    prevp = p;
    if (get_affitem(affile->af_flagtype, &p) != 0) {
      // A flag is a postponed prefix flag if it appears in "af_pref"
      // and its ID is not zero.
      STRLCPY(key, prevp, p - prevp + 1);
      hi = hash_find(&affile->af_pref, key);
      if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
        id = HI2AH(hi)->ah_newID;
        if (id != 0) {
          store_afflist[cnt++] = id;
        }
      }
    }
    if (affile->af_flagtype == AFT_NUM && *p == ',') {
      ++p;
    }
  }

  store_afflist[cnt] = NUL;
  return cnt;
}

// Get the list of compound IDs from the affix list "afflist" that are used
// for compound words.
// Puts the flags in "store_afflist[]".
static void get_compflags(afffile_T *affile, char_u *afflist, char_u *store_afflist)
{
  char_u *p;
  char_u *prevp;
  int cnt = 0;
  char_u key[AH_KEY_LEN];
  hashitem_T *hi;

  for (p = afflist; *p != NUL;) {
    prevp = p;
    if (get_affitem(affile->af_flagtype, &p) != 0) {
      // A flag is a compound flag if it appears in "af_comp".
      STRLCPY(key, prevp, p - prevp + 1);
      hi = hash_find(&affile->af_comp, key);
      if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
        store_afflist[cnt++] = HI2CI(hi)->ci_newID;
      }
    }
    if (affile->af_flagtype == AFT_NUM && *p == ',') {
      ++p;
    }
  }

  store_afflist[cnt] = NUL;
}

/// Apply affixes to a word and store the resulting words.
/// "ht" is the hashtable with affentry_T that need to be applied, either
/// prefixes or suffixes.
/// "xht", when not NULL, is the prefix hashtable, to be used additionally on
/// the resulting words for combining affixes.
///
/// @param spin  spell info
/// @param word  basic word start
/// @param afflist  list of names of supported affixes
/// @param condit  CONDIT_SUF et al.
/// @param flags  flags for the word
/// @param pfxlist  list of prefix IDs
/// @param pfxlen  nr of flags in "pfxlist" for prefixes, rest is compound flags
///
/// @return  FAIL when out of memory.
static int store_aff_word(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *word, char_u *afflist, afffile_T *affile,
                          hashtab_T *ht, hashtab_T *xht, int condit, int flags, char_u *pfxlist,
                          int pfxlen)
{
  int todo;
  hashitem_T *hi;
  affheader_T *ah;
  affentry_T *ae;
  char_u newword[MAXWLEN];
  int retval = OK;
  int i, j;
  char_u *p;
  int use_flags;
  char_u *use_pfxlist;
  int use_pfxlen;
  bool need_affix;
  char_u store_afflist[MAXWLEN];
  char_u pfx_pfxlist[MAXWLEN];
  size_t wordlen = STRLEN(word);
  int use_condit;

  todo = (int)ht->ht_used;
  for (hi = ht->ht_array; todo > 0 && retval == OK; ++hi) {
    if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
      --todo;
      ah = HI2AH(hi);

      // Check that the affix combines, if required, and that the word
      // supports this affix.
      if (((condit & CONDIT_COMB) == 0 || ah->ah_combine)
          && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, afflist,
                             ah->ah_flag)) {
        // Loop over all affix entries with this name.
        for (ae = ah->ah_first; ae != NULL; ae = ae->ae_next) {
          // Check the condition.  It's not logical to match case
          // here, but it is required for compatibility with
          // Myspell.
          // Another requirement from Myspell is that the chop
          // string is shorter than the word itself.
          // For prefixes, when "PFXPOSTPONE" was used, only do
          // prefixes with a chop string and/or flags.
          // When a previously added affix had CIRCUMFIX this one
          // must have it too, if it had not then this one must not
          // have one either.
          if ((xht != NULL || !affile->af_pfxpostpone
               || ae->ae_chop != NULL
               || ae->ae_flags != NULL)
              && (ae->ae_chop == NULL
                  || STRLEN(ae->ae_chop) < wordlen)
              && (ae->ae_prog == NULL
                  || vim_regexec_prog(&ae->ae_prog, false, word, (colnr_T)0))
              && (((condit & CONDIT_CFIX) == 0)
                  == ((condit & CONDIT_AFF) == 0
                      || ae->ae_flags == NULL
                      || !flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype,
                                          ae->ae_flags, affile->af_circumfix)))) {
            // Match.  Remove the chop and add the affix.
            if (xht == NULL) {
              // prefix: chop/add at the start of the word
              if (ae->ae_add == NULL) {
                *newword = NUL;
              } else {
                STRLCPY(newword, ae->ae_add, MAXWLEN);
              }
              p = word;
              if (ae->ae_chop != NULL) {
                // Skip chop string.
                i = mb_charlen(ae->ae_chop);
                for (; i > 0; i--) {
                  MB_PTR_ADV(p);
                }
              }
              STRCAT(newword, p);
            } else {
              // suffix: chop/add at the end of the word
              STRLCPY(newword, word, MAXWLEN);
              if (ae->ae_chop != NULL) {
                // Remove chop string.
                p = newword + STRLEN(newword);
                i = mb_charlen(ae->ae_chop);
                for (; i > 0; i--) {
                  MB_PTR_BACK(newword, p);
                }
                *p = NUL;
              }
              if (ae->ae_add != NULL) {
                STRCAT(newword, ae->ae_add);
              }
            }

            use_flags = flags;
            use_pfxlist = pfxlist;
            use_pfxlen = pfxlen;
            need_affix = false;
            use_condit = condit | CONDIT_COMB | CONDIT_AFF;
            if (ae->ae_flags != NULL) {
              // Extract flags from the affix list.
              use_flags |= get_affix_flags(affile, ae->ae_flags);

              if (affile->af_needaffix != 0 && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, ae->ae_flags,
                                                               affile->af_needaffix)) {
                need_affix = true;
              }

              // When there is a CIRCUMFIX flag the other affix
              // must also have it and we don't add the word
              // with one affix.
              if (affile->af_circumfix != 0 && flag_in_afflist(affile->af_flagtype, ae->ae_flags,
                                                               affile->af_circumfix)) {
                use_condit |= CONDIT_CFIX;
                if ((condit & CONDIT_CFIX) == 0) {
                  need_affix = true;
                }
              }

              if (affile->af_pfxpostpone
                  || spin->si_compflags != NULL) {
                if (affile->af_pfxpostpone) {
                  // Get prefix IDS from the affix list.
                  use_pfxlen = get_pfxlist(affile,
                                           ae->ae_flags, store_afflist);
                } else {
                  use_pfxlen = 0;
                }
                use_pfxlist = store_afflist;

                // Combine the prefix IDs. Avoid adding the
                // same ID twice.
                for (i = 0; i < pfxlen; ++i) {
                  for (j = 0; j < use_pfxlen; ++j) {
                    if (pfxlist[i] == use_pfxlist[j]) {
                      break;
                    }
                  }
                  if (j == use_pfxlen) {
                    use_pfxlist[use_pfxlen++] = pfxlist[i];
                  }
                }

                if (spin->si_compflags != NULL) {
                  // Get compound IDS from the affix list.
                  get_compflags(affile, ae->ae_flags,
                                use_pfxlist + use_pfxlen);
                } else {
                  use_pfxlist[use_pfxlen] = NUL;
                }

                // Combine the list of compound flags.
                // Concatenate them to the prefix IDs list.
                // Avoid adding the same ID twice.
                for (i = pfxlen; pfxlist[i] != NUL; ++i) {
                  for (j = use_pfxlen;
                       use_pfxlist[j] != NUL; ++j) {
                    if (pfxlist[i] == use_pfxlist[j]) {
                      break;
                    }
                  }
                  if (use_pfxlist[j] == NUL) {
                    use_pfxlist[j++] = pfxlist[i];
                    use_pfxlist[j] = NUL;
                  }
                }
              }
            }

            // Obey a "COMPOUNDFORBIDFLAG" of the affix: don't
            // use the compound flags.
            if (use_pfxlist != NULL && ae->ae_compforbid) {
              STRLCPY(pfx_pfxlist, use_pfxlist, use_pfxlen + 1);
              use_pfxlist = pfx_pfxlist;
            }

            // When there are postponed prefixes...
            if (spin->si_prefroot != NULL
                && spin->si_prefroot->wn_sibling != NULL) {
              // ... add a flag to indicate an affix was used.
              use_flags |= WF_HAS_AFF;

              // ... don't use a prefix list if combining
              // affixes is not allowed.  But do use the
              // compound flags after them.
              if (!ah->ah_combine && use_pfxlist != NULL) {
                use_pfxlist += use_pfxlen;
              }
            }

            // When compounding is supported and there is no
            // "COMPOUNDPERMITFLAG" then forbid compounding on the
            // side where the affix is applied.
            if (spin->si_compflags != NULL && !ae->ae_comppermit) {
              if (xht != NULL) {
                use_flags |= WF_NOCOMPAFT;
              } else {
                use_flags |= WF_NOCOMPBEF;
              }
            }

            // Store the modified word.
            if (store_word(spin, newword, use_flags,
                           spin->si_region, use_pfxlist,
                           need_affix) == FAIL) {
              retval = FAIL;
            }

            // When added a prefix or a first suffix and the affix
            // has flags may add a(nother) suffix.  RECURSIVE!
            if ((condit & CONDIT_SUF) && ae->ae_flags != NULL) {
              if (store_aff_word(spin, newword, ae->ae_flags,
                                 affile, &affile->af_suff, xht,
                                 use_condit & (xht == NULL
                                    ? ~0 :  ~CONDIT_SUF),
                                 use_flags, use_pfxlist, pfxlen) == FAIL) {
                retval = FAIL;
              }
            }

            // When added a suffix and combining is allowed also
            // try adding a prefix additionally.  Both for the
            // word flags and for the affix flags.  RECURSIVE!
            if (xht != NULL && ah->ah_combine) {
              if (store_aff_word(spin, newword,
                                 afflist, affile,
                                 xht, NULL, use_condit,
                                 use_flags, use_pfxlist,
                                 pfxlen) == FAIL
                  || (ae->ae_flags != NULL
                      && store_aff_word(spin, newword,
                                        ae->ae_flags, affile,
                                        xht, NULL, use_condit,
                                        use_flags, use_pfxlist,
                                        pfxlen) == FAIL)) {
                retval = FAIL;
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return retval;
}

// Read a file with a list of words.
static int spell_read_wordfile(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
{
  FILE *fd;
  long lnum = 0;
  char_u rline[MAXLINELEN];
  char_u *line;
  char_u *pc = NULL;
  char_u *p;
  int l;
  int retval = OK;
  bool did_word = false;
  int non_ascii = 0;
  int flags;
  int regionmask;

  // Open the file.
  fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
  if (fd == NULL) {
    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
    return FAIL;
  }

  vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE, _("Reading word file %s..."), fname);
  spell_message(spin, IObuff);

  // Read all the lines in the file one by one.
  while (!vim_fgets(rline, MAXLINELEN, fd) && !got_int) {
    line_breakcheck();
    ++lnum;

    // Skip comment lines.
    if (*rline == '#') {
      continue;
    }

    // Remove CR, LF and white space from the end.
    l = (int)STRLEN(rline);
    while (l > 0 && rline[l - 1] <= ' ') {
      --l;
    }
    if (l == 0) {
      continue;         // empty or blank line
    }
    rline[l] = NUL;

    // Convert from "/encoding={encoding}" to 'encoding' when needed.
    xfree(pc);
    if (spin->si_conv.vc_type != CONV_NONE) {
      pc = string_convert(&spin->si_conv, rline, NULL);
      if (pc == NULL) {
        smsg(_("Conversion failure for word in %s line %ld: %s"),
             fname, lnum, rline);
        continue;
      }
      line = pc;
    } else {
      pc = NULL;
      line = rline;
    }

    if (*line == '/') {
      ++line;
      if (STRNCMP(line, "encoding=", 9) == 0) {
        if (spin->si_conv.vc_type != CONV_NONE) {
          smsg(_("Duplicate /encoding= line ignored in %s line %ld: %s"),
               fname, lnum, line - 1);
        } else if (did_word) {
          smsg(_("/encoding= line after word ignored in %s line %ld: %s"),
               fname, lnum, line - 1);
        } else {
          char_u *enc;

          // Setup for conversion to 'encoding'.
          line += 9;
          enc = enc_canonize(line);
          if (!spin->si_ascii
              && convert_setup(&spin->si_conv, enc,
                               p_enc) == FAIL) {
            smsg(_("Conversion in %s not supported: from %s to %s"),
                 fname, line, p_enc);
          }
          xfree(enc);
          spin->si_conv.vc_fail = true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      if (STRNCMP(line, "regions=", 8) == 0) {
        if (spin->si_region_count > 1) {
          smsg(_("Duplicate /regions= line ignored in %s line %ld: %s"),
               fname, lnum, line);
        } else {
          line += 8;
          if (STRLEN(line) > MAXREGIONS * 2) {
            smsg(_("Too many regions in %s line %ld: %s"),
                 fname, lnum, line);
          } else {
            spin->si_region_count = (int)STRLEN(line) / 2;
            STRCPY(spin->si_region_name, line);

            // Adjust the mask for a word valid in all regions.
            spin->si_region = (1 << spin->si_region_count) - 1;
          }
        }
        continue;
      }

      smsg(_("/ line ignored in %s line %ld: %s"),
           fname, lnum, line - 1);
      continue;
    }

    flags = 0;
    regionmask = spin->si_region;

    // Check for flags and region after a slash.
    p = vim_strchr(line, '/');
    if (p != NULL) {
      *p++ = NUL;
      while (*p != NUL) {
        if (*p == '=') {                // keep-case word
          flags |= WF_KEEPCAP | WF_FIXCAP;
        } else if (*p == '!') {                  // Bad, bad, wicked word.
          flags |= WF_BANNED;
        } else if (*p == '?') {                  // Rare word.
          flags |= WF_RARE;
        } else if (ascii_isdigit(*p)) {              // region number(s)
          if ((flags & WF_REGION) == 0) {           // first one
            regionmask = 0;
          }
          flags |= WF_REGION;

          l = *p - '0';
          if (l == 0 || l > spin->si_region_count) {
            smsg(_("Invalid region nr in %s line %ld: %s"),
                 fname, lnum, p);
            break;
          }
          regionmask |= 1 << (l - 1);
        } else {
          smsg(_("Unrecognized flags in %s line %ld: %s"),
               fname, lnum, p);
          break;
        }
        ++p;
      }
    }

    // Skip non-ASCII words when "spin->si_ascii" is true.
    if (spin->si_ascii && has_non_ascii(line)) {
      ++non_ascii;
      continue;
    }

    // Normal word: store it.
    if (store_word(spin, line, flags, regionmask, NULL, false) == FAIL) {
      retval = FAIL;
      break;
    }
    did_word = true;
  }

  xfree(pc);
  fclose(fd);

  if (spin->si_ascii && non_ascii > 0) {
    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
                 _("Ignored %d words with non-ASCII characters"), non_ascii);
    spell_message(spin, IObuff);
  }

  return retval;
}

/// Get part of an sblock_T, "len" bytes long.
/// This avoids calling free() for every little struct we use (and keeping
/// track of them).
/// The memory is cleared to all zeros.
///
/// @param len Length needed (<= SBLOCKSIZE).
/// @param align Align for pointer.
/// @return Pointer into block data.
static void *getroom(spellinfo_T *spin, size_t len, bool align)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_RET
{
  char_u *p;
  sblock_T *bl = spin->si_blocks;

  assert(len <= SBLOCKSIZE);

  if (align && bl != NULL) {
    // Round size up for alignment.  On some systems structures need to be
    // aligned to the size of a pointer (e.g., SPARC).
    bl->sb_used = (bl->sb_used + sizeof(char *) - 1)
                  & ~(sizeof(char *) - 1);
  }

  if (bl == NULL || bl->sb_used + len > SBLOCKSIZE) {
    // Allocate a block of memory. It is not freed until much later.
    bl = xcalloc(1, (sizeof(sblock_T) + SBLOCKSIZE));
    bl->sb_next = spin->si_blocks;
    spin->si_blocks = bl;
    bl->sb_used = 0;
    ++spin->si_blocks_cnt;
  }

  p = bl->sb_data + bl->sb_used;
  bl->sb_used += (int)len;

  return p;
}

// Make a copy of a string into memory allocated with getroom().
// Returns NULL when out of memory.
static char_u *getroom_save(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *s)
{
  const size_t s_size = STRLEN(s) + 1;
  return memcpy(getroom(spin, s_size, false), s, s_size);
}


// Free the list of allocated sblock_T.
static void free_blocks(sblock_T *bl)
{
  sblock_T *next;

  while (bl != NULL) {
    next = bl->sb_next;
    xfree(bl);
    bl = next;
  }
}

// Allocate the root of a word tree.
// Returns NULL when out of memory.
static wordnode_T *wordtree_alloc(spellinfo_T *spin)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_RET
{
  return (wordnode_T *)getroom(spin, sizeof(wordnode_T), true);
}

/// Store a word in the tree(s).
/// Always store it in the case-folded tree.  For a keep-case word this is
/// useful when the word can also be used with all caps (no WF_FIXCAP flag) and
/// used to find suggestions.
/// For a keep-case word also store it in the keep-case tree.
/// When "pfxlist" is not NULL store the word for each postponed prefix ID and
/// compound flag.
///
/// @param flags  extra flags, wf_banned
/// @param region  supported region(s)
/// @param pfxlist  list of prefix ids or null
/// @param need_affix  only store word with affix id
static int store_word(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *word, int flags, int region, const char_u *pfxlist,
                      bool need_affix)
{
  int len = (int)STRLEN(word);
  int ct = captype(word, word + len);
  char_u foldword[MAXWLEN];
  int res = OK;

  (void)spell_casefold(curwin, word, len, foldword, MAXWLEN);
  for (const char_u *p = pfxlist; res == OK; p++) {
    if (!need_affix || (p != NULL && *p != NUL)) {
      res = tree_add_word(spin, foldword, spin->si_foldroot, ct | flags,
                          region, p == NULL ? 0 : *p);
    }
    if (p == NULL || *p == NUL) {
      break;
    }
  }
  ++spin->si_foldwcount;

  if (res == OK && (ct == WF_KEEPCAP || (flags & WF_KEEPCAP))) {
    for (const char_u *p = pfxlist; res == OK; p++) {
      if (!need_affix || (p != NULL && *p != NUL)) {
        res = tree_add_word(spin, word, spin->si_keeproot, flags,
                            region, p == NULL ? 0 : *p);
      }
      if (p == NULL || *p == NUL) {
        break;
      }
    }
    ++spin->si_keepwcount;
  }
  return res;
}

// Add word "word" to a word tree at "root".
// When "flags" < 0 we are adding to the prefix tree where "flags" is used for
// "rare" and "region" is the condition nr.
// Returns FAIL when out of memory.
static int tree_add_word(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *word, wordnode_T *root, int flags, int region,
                         int affixID)
{
  wordnode_T *node = root;
  wordnode_T *np;
  wordnode_T *copyp, **copyprev;
  wordnode_T **prev = NULL;
  int i;

  // Add each byte of the word to the tree, including the NUL at the end.
  for (i = 0;; ++i) {
    // When there is more than one reference to this node we need to make
    // a copy, so that we can modify it.  Copy the whole list of siblings
    // (we don't optimize for a partly shared list of siblings).
    if (node != NULL && node->wn_refs > 1) {
      --node->wn_refs;
      copyprev = prev;
      for (copyp = node; copyp != NULL; copyp = copyp->wn_sibling) {
        // Allocate a new node and copy the info.
        np = get_wordnode(spin);
        if (np == NULL) {
          return FAIL;
        }
        np->wn_child = copyp->wn_child;
        if (np->wn_child != NULL) {
          ++np->wn_child->wn_refs;              // child gets extra ref
        }
        np->wn_byte = copyp->wn_byte;
        if (np->wn_byte == NUL) {
          np->wn_flags = copyp->wn_flags;
          np->wn_region = copyp->wn_region;
          np->wn_affixID = copyp->wn_affixID;
        }

        // Link the new node in the list, there will be one ref.
        np->wn_refs = 1;
        if (copyprev != NULL) {
          *copyprev = np;
        }
        copyprev = &np->wn_sibling;

        // Let "node" point to the head of the copied list.
        if (copyp == node) {
          node = np;
        }
      }
    }

    // Look for the sibling that has the same character.  They are sorted
    // on byte value, thus stop searching when a sibling is found with a
    // higher byte value.  For zero bytes (end of word) the sorting is
    // done on flags and then on affixID.
    while (node != NULL
           && (node->wn_byte < word[i]
               || (node->wn_byte == NUL
                   && (flags < 0
                       ? node->wn_affixID < (unsigned)affixID
                       : (node->wn_flags < (unsigned)(flags & WN_MASK)
                          || (node->wn_flags == (flags & WN_MASK)
                              && (spin->si_sugtree
                                  ? (node->wn_region & 0xffff) < region
                                  : node->wn_affixID
                                  < (unsigned)affixID))))))) {
      prev = &node->wn_sibling;
      node = *prev;
    }
    if (node == NULL
        || node->wn_byte != word[i]
        || (word[i] == NUL
            && (flags < 0
                || spin->si_sugtree
                || node->wn_flags != (flags & WN_MASK)
                || node->wn_affixID != affixID))) {
      // Allocate a new node.
      np = get_wordnode(spin);
      if (np == NULL) {
        return FAIL;
      }
      np->wn_byte = word[i];

      // If "node" is NULL this is a new child or the end of the sibling
      // list: ref count is one.  Otherwise use ref count of sibling and
      // make ref count of sibling one (matters when inserting in front
      // of the list of siblings).
      if (node == NULL) {
        np->wn_refs = 1;
      } else {
        np->wn_refs = node->wn_refs;
        node->wn_refs = 1;
      }
      if (prev != NULL) {
        *prev = np;
      }
      np->wn_sibling = node;
      node = np;
    }

    if (word[i] == NUL) {
      node->wn_flags = flags;
      node->wn_region |= region;
      node->wn_affixID = affixID;
      break;
    }
    prev = &node->wn_child;
    node = *prev;
  }
#ifdef SPELL_PRINTTREE
  smsg((char_u *)"Added \"%s\"", word);
  spell_print_tree(root->wn_sibling);
#endif

  // count nr of words added since last message
  ++spin->si_msg_count;

  if (spin->si_compress_cnt > 1) {
    if (--spin->si_compress_cnt == 1) {
      // Did enough words to lower the block count limit.
      spin->si_blocks_cnt += compress_inc;
    }
  }

  // When we have allocated lots of memory we need to compress the word tree
  // to free up some room.  But compression is slow, and we might actually
  // need that room, thus only compress in the following situations:
  // 1. When not compressed before (si_compress_cnt == 0): when using
  //    "compress_start" blocks.
  // 2. When compressed before and used "compress_inc" blocks before
  //    adding "compress_added" words (si_compress_cnt > 1).
  // 3. When compressed before, added "compress_added" words
  //    (si_compress_cnt == 1) and the number of free nodes drops below the
  //    maximum word length.
#ifndef SPELL_COMPRESS_ALLWAYS
  if (spin->si_compress_cnt == 1       // NOLINT(readability/braces)
      ? spin->si_free_count < MAXWLEN
      : spin->si_blocks_cnt >= compress_start)
#endif
  {
    // Decrement the block counter.  The effect is that we compress again
    // when the freed up room has been used and another "compress_inc"
    // blocks have been allocated.  Unless "compress_added" words have
    // been added, then the limit is put back again.
    spin->si_blocks_cnt -= compress_inc;
    spin->si_compress_cnt = compress_added;

    if (spin->si_verbose) {
      msg_start();
      msg_puts(_(msg_compressing));
      msg_clr_eos();
      msg_didout = false;
      msg_col = 0;
      ui_flush();
    }

    // Compress both trees.  Either they both have many nodes, which makes
    // compression useful, or one of them is small, which means
    // compression goes fast.  But when filling the soundfold word tree
    // there is no keep-case tree.
    wordtree_compress(spin, spin->si_foldroot, "case-folded");
    if (affixID >= 0) {
      wordtree_compress(spin, spin->si_keeproot, "keep-case");
    }
  }

  return OK;
}

// Get a wordnode_T, either from the list of previously freed nodes or
// allocate a new one.
// Returns NULL when out of memory.
static wordnode_T *get_wordnode(spellinfo_T *spin)
{
  wordnode_T *n;

  if (spin->si_first_free == NULL) {
    n = (wordnode_T *)getroom(spin, sizeof(wordnode_T), true);
  } else {
    n = spin->si_first_free;
    spin->si_first_free = n->wn_child;
    memset(n, 0, sizeof(wordnode_T));
    --spin->si_free_count;
  }
#ifdef SPELL_PRINTTREE
  if (n != NULL) {
    n->wn_nr = ++spin->si_wordnode_nr;
  }
#endif
  return n;
}

// Decrement the reference count on a node (which is the head of a list of
// siblings).  If the reference count becomes zero free the node and its
// siblings.
// Returns the number of nodes actually freed.
static int deref_wordnode(spellinfo_T *spin, wordnode_T *node)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
  wordnode_T *np;
  int cnt = 0;

  if (--node->wn_refs == 0) {
    for (np = node; np != NULL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
      if (np->wn_child != NULL) {
        cnt += deref_wordnode(spin, np->wn_child);
      }
      free_wordnode(spin, np);
      ++cnt;
    }
    ++cnt;          // length field
  }
  return cnt;
}

// Free a wordnode_T for re-use later.
// Only the "wn_child" field becomes invalid.
static void free_wordnode(spellinfo_T *spin, wordnode_T *n)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
  n->wn_child = spin->si_first_free;
  spin->si_first_free = n;
  ++spin->si_free_count;
}

// Compress a tree: find tails that are identical and can be shared.
static void wordtree_compress(spellinfo_T *spin, wordnode_T *root, const char *name)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
  hashtab_T ht;
  long tot = 0;
  long perc;

  // Skip the root itself, it's not actually used.  The first sibling is the
  // start of the tree.
  if (root->wn_sibling != NULL) {
    hash_init(&ht);
    const long n = node_compress(spin, root->wn_sibling, &ht, &tot);

#ifndef SPELL_PRINTTREE
    if (spin->si_verbose || p_verbose > 2)
#endif
    {
      if (tot > 1000000) {
        perc = (tot - n) / (tot / 100);
      } else if (tot == 0) {
        perc = 0;
      } else {
        perc = (tot - n) * 100 / tot;
      }
      vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
                   _("Compressed %s of %ld nodes; %ld (%ld%%) remaining"),
                   name, tot, tot - n, perc);
      spell_message(spin, IObuff);
    }
#ifdef SPELL_PRINTTREE
    spell_print_tree(root->wn_sibling);
#endif
    hash_clear(&ht);
  }
}

/// Compress a node, its siblings and its children, depth first.
/// Returns the number of compressed nodes.
///
/// @param tot  total count of nodes before compressing, incremented while going through the tree
static long node_compress(spellinfo_T *spin, wordnode_T *node, hashtab_T *ht, long *tot)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
  wordnode_T *np;
  wordnode_T *tp;
  wordnode_T *child;
  hash_T hash;
  hashitem_T *hi;
  long len = 0;
  unsigned nr, n;
  long compressed = 0;

  // Go through the list of siblings.  Compress each child and then try
  // finding an identical child to replace it.
  // Note that with "child" we mean not just the node that is pointed to,
  // but the whole list of siblings of which the child node is the first.
  for (np = node; np != NULL && !got_int; np = np->wn_sibling) {
    ++len;
    if ((child = np->wn_child) != NULL) {
      // Compress the child first.  This fills hashkey.
      compressed += node_compress(spin, child, ht, tot);

      // Try to find an identical child.
      hash = hash_hash(child->wn_u1.hashkey);
      hi = hash_lookup(ht, (const char *)child->wn_u1.hashkey,
                       STRLEN(child->wn_u1.hashkey), hash);
      if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
        // There are children we encountered before with a hash value
        // identical to the current child.  Now check if there is one
        // that is really identical.
        for (tp = HI2WN(hi); tp != NULL; tp = tp->wn_u2.next) {
          if (node_equal(child, tp)) {
            // Found one!  Now use that child in place of the
            // current one.  This means the current child and all
            // its siblings is unlinked from the tree.
            ++tp->wn_refs;
            compressed += deref_wordnode(spin, child);
            np->wn_child = tp;
            break;
          }
        }
        if (tp == NULL) {
          // No other child with this hash value equals the child of
          // the node, add it to the linked list after the first
          // item.
          tp = HI2WN(hi);
          child->wn_u2.next = tp->wn_u2.next;
          tp->wn_u2.next = child;
        }
      } else {
        // No other child has this hash value, add it to the
        // hashtable.
        hash_add_item(ht, hi, child->wn_u1.hashkey, hash);
      }
    }
  }
  *tot += len + 1;      // add one for the node that stores the length

  // Make a hash key for the node and its siblings, so that we can quickly
  // find a lookalike node.  This must be done after compressing the sibling
  // list, otherwise the hash key would become invalid by the compression.
  node->wn_u1.hashkey[0] = len;
  nr = 0;
  for (np = node; np != NULL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
    if (np->wn_byte == NUL) {
      // end node: use wn_flags, wn_region and wn_affixID
      n = np->wn_flags + (np->wn_region << 8) + (np->wn_affixID << 16);
    } else {
      // byte node: use the byte value and the child pointer
      n = (unsigned)(np->wn_byte + ((uintptr_t)np->wn_child << 8));
    }
    nr = nr * 101 + n;
  }

  // Avoid NUL bytes, it terminates the hash key.
  n = nr & 0xff;
  node->wn_u1.hashkey[1] = n == 0 ? 1 : n;
  n = (nr >> 8) & 0xff;
  node->wn_u1.hashkey[2] = n == 0 ? 1 : n;
  n = (nr >> 16) & 0xff;
  node->wn_u1.hashkey[3] = n == 0 ? 1 : n;
  n = (nr >> 24) & 0xff;
  node->wn_u1.hashkey[4] = n == 0 ? 1 : n;
  node->wn_u1.hashkey[5] = NUL;

  // Check for CTRL-C pressed now and then.
  veryfast_breakcheck();

  return compressed;
}

// Returns true when two nodes have identical siblings and children.
static bool node_equal(wordnode_T *n1, wordnode_T *n2)
{
  wordnode_T *p1;
  wordnode_T *p2;

  for (p1 = n1, p2 = n2; p1 != NULL && p2 != NULL;
       p1 = p1->wn_sibling, p2 = p2->wn_sibling) {
    if (p1->wn_byte != p2->wn_byte
        || (p1->wn_byte == NUL
            ? (p1->wn_flags != p2->wn_flags
               || p1->wn_region != p2->wn_region
               || p1->wn_affixID != p2->wn_affixID)
            : (p1->wn_child != p2->wn_child))) {
      break;
    }
  }

  return p1 == NULL && p2 == NULL;
}


// Function given to qsort() to sort the REP items on "from" string.
static int rep_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2)
{
  fromto_T *p1 = (fromto_T *)s1;
  fromto_T *p2 = (fromto_T *)s2;

  return STRCMP(p1->ft_from, p2->ft_from);
}

// Write the Vim .spl file "fname".
// Return OK/FAIL.
static int write_vim_spell(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
{
  int retval = OK;
  int regionmask;

  FILE *fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "w");
  if (fd == NULL) {
    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
    return FAIL;
  }

  // <HEADER>: <fileID> <versionnr>
  // <fileID>
  size_t fwv = fwrite(VIMSPELLMAGIC, VIMSPELLMAGICL, 1, fd);
  if (fwv != (size_t)1) {
    // Catch first write error, don't try writing more.
    goto theend;
  }

  putc(VIMSPELLVERSION, fd);                                // <versionnr>

  // <SECTIONS>: <section> ... <sectionend>

  // SN_INFO: <infotext>
  if (spin->si_info != NULL) {
    putc(SN_INFO, fd);                                  // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>
    size_t i = STRLEN(spin->si_info);
    put_bytes(fd, i, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_info, i, 1, fd);             // <infotext>
  }

  // SN_REGION: <regionname> ...
  // Write the region names only if there is more than one.
  if (spin->si_region_count > 1) {
    putc(SN_REGION, fd);                                // <sectionID>
    putc(SNF_REQUIRED, fd);                             // <sectionflags>
    size_t l = (size_t)spin->si_region_count * 2;
    put_bytes(fd, l, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_region_name, l, 1, fd);
    // <regionname> ...
    regionmask = (1 << spin->si_region_count) - 1;
  } else {
    regionmask = 0;
  }

  // SN_CHARFLAGS: <charflagslen> <charflags> <folcharslen> <folchars>
  //
  // The table with character flags and the table for case folding.
  // This makes sure the same characters are recognized as word characters
  // when generating an when using a spell file.
  // Skip this for ASCII, the table may conflict with the one used for
  // 'encoding'.
  // Also skip this for an .add.spl file, the main spell file must contain
  // the table (avoids that it conflicts).  File is shorter too.
  if (!spin->si_ascii && !spin->si_add) {
    char_u folchars[128 * 8];
    int flags;

    putc(SN_CHARFLAGS, fd);                             // <sectionID>
    putc(SNF_REQUIRED, fd);                             // <sectionflags>

    // Form the <folchars> string first, we need to know its length.
    size_t l = 0;
    for (size_t i = 128; i < 256; i++) {
      l += (size_t)utf_char2bytes(spelltab.st_fold[i], folchars + l);
    }
    put_bytes(fd, 1 + 128 + 2 + l, 4);                  // <sectionlen>

    fputc(128, fd);                                     // <charflagslen>
    for (size_t i = 128; i < 256; ++i) {
      flags = 0;
      if (spelltab.st_isw[i]) {
        flags |= CF_WORD;
      }
      if (spelltab.st_isu[i]) {
        flags |= CF_UPPER;
      }
      fputc(flags, fd);                                 // <charflags>
    }

    put_bytes(fd, l, 2);                                // <folcharslen>
    fwv &= fwrite(folchars, l, 1, fd);                  // <folchars>
  }

  // SN_MIDWORD: <midword>
  if (spin->si_midword != NULL) {
    putc(SN_MIDWORD, fd);                               // <sectionID>
    putc(SNF_REQUIRED, fd);                             // <sectionflags>

    size_t i = STRLEN(spin->si_midword);
    put_bytes(fd, i, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_midword, i, 1, fd);
    // <midword>
  }

  // SN_PREFCOND: <prefcondcnt> <prefcond> ...
  if (!GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_prefcond)) {
    putc(SN_PREFCOND, fd);                              // <sectionID>
    putc(SNF_REQUIRED, fd);                             // <sectionflags>

    size_t l = (size_t)write_spell_prefcond(NULL, &spin->si_prefcond);
    put_bytes(fd, l, 4);                                // <sectionlen>

    write_spell_prefcond(fd, &spin->si_prefcond);
  }

  // SN_REP: <repcount> <rep> ...
  // SN_SAL: <salflags> <salcount> <sal> ...
  // SN_REPSAL: <repcount> <rep> ...

  // round 1: SN_REP section
  // round 2: SN_SAL section (unless SN_SOFO is used)
  // round 3: SN_REPSAL section
  for (unsigned int round = 1; round <= 3; ++round) {
    garray_T *gap;
    if (round == 1) {
      gap = &spin->si_rep;
    } else if (round == 2) {
      // Don't write SN_SAL when using a SN_SOFO section
      if (spin->si_sofofr != NULL && spin->si_sofoto != NULL) {
        continue;
      }
      gap = &spin->si_sal;
    } else {
      gap = &spin->si_repsal;
    }

    // Don't write the section if there are no items.
    if (GA_EMPTY(gap)) {
      continue;
    }

    // Sort the REP/REPSAL items.
    if (round != 2) {
      qsort(gap->ga_data, (size_t)gap->ga_len,
            sizeof(fromto_T), rep_compare);
    }

    int sect_id = round == 1 ? SN_REP : (round == 2 ? SN_SAL : SN_REPSAL);
    putc(sect_id, fd);                                  // <sectionID>

    // This is for making suggestions, section is not required.
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>

    // Compute the length of what follows.
    size_t l = 2;  // count <repcount> or <salcount>
    assert(gap->ga_len >= 0);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t)gap->ga_len; ++i) {
      fromto_T *ftp = &((fromto_T *)gap->ga_data)[i];
      l += 1 + STRLEN(ftp->ft_from);  // count <*fromlen> and <*from>
      l += 1 + STRLEN(ftp->ft_to);    // count <*tolen> and <*to>
    }
    if (round == 2) {
      ++l;                            // count <salflags>
    }
    put_bytes(fd, l, 4);                                // <sectionlen>

    if (round == 2) {
      int i = 0;
      if (spin->si_followup) {
        i |= SAL_F0LLOWUP;
      }
      if (spin->si_collapse) {
        i |= SAL_COLLAPSE;
      }
      if (spin->si_rem_accents) {
        i |= SAL_REM_ACCENTS;
      }
      putc(i, fd);                                      // <salflags>
    }

    put_bytes(fd, (uintmax_t)gap->ga_len, 2);    // <repcount> or <salcount>
    for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t)gap->ga_len; ++i) {
      // <rep> : <repfromlen> <repfrom> <reptolen> <repto>
      // <sal> : <salfromlen> <salfrom> <saltolen> <salto>
      fromto_T *ftp = &((fromto_T *)gap->ga_data)[i];
      for (unsigned int rr = 1; rr <= 2; ++rr) {
        char_u *p = rr == 1 ? ftp->ft_from : ftp->ft_to;
        l = STRLEN(p);
        assert(l < INT_MAX);
        putc((int)l, fd);
        if (l > 0) {
          fwv &= fwrite(p, l, 1, fd);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // SN_SOFO: <sofofromlen> <sofofrom> <sofotolen> <sofoto>
  // This is for making suggestions, section is not required.
  if (spin->si_sofofr != NULL && spin->si_sofoto != NULL) {
    putc(SN_SOFO, fd);                                  // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>

    size_t l = STRLEN(spin->si_sofofr);
    put_bytes(fd, l + STRLEN(spin->si_sofoto) + 4, 4);  // <sectionlen>

    put_bytes(fd, l, 2);                                // <sofofromlen>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_sofofr, l, 1, fd);           // <sofofrom>

    l = STRLEN(spin->si_sofoto);
    put_bytes(fd, l, 2);                                // <sofotolen>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_sofoto, l, 1, fd);           // <sofoto>
  }

  // SN_WORDS: <word> ...
  // This is for making suggestions, section is not required.
  if (spin->si_commonwords.ht_used > 0) {
    putc(SN_WORDS, fd);                                 // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>

    // round 1: count the bytes
    // round 2: write the bytes
    for (unsigned int round = 1; round <= 2; ++round) {
      size_t todo;
      size_t len = 0;
      hashitem_T *hi;

      todo = spin->si_commonwords.ht_used;
      for (hi = spin->si_commonwords.ht_array; todo > 0; ++hi) {
        if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
          size_t l = STRLEN(hi->hi_key) + 1;
          len += l;
          if (round == 2) {                             // <word>
            fwv &= fwrite(hi->hi_key, l, 1, fd);
          }
          --todo;
        }
      }
      if (round == 1) {
        put_bytes(fd, len, 4);                          // <sectionlen>
      }
    }
  }

  // SN_MAP: <mapstr>
  // This is for making suggestions, section is not required.
  if (!GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_map)) {
    putc(SN_MAP, fd);                                   // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>
    size_t l = (size_t)spin->si_map.ga_len;
    put_bytes(fd, l, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_map.ga_data, l, 1, fd);      // <mapstr>
  }

  // SN_SUGFILE: <timestamp>
  // This is used to notify that a .sug file may be available and at the
  // same time allows for checking that a .sug file that is found matches
  // with this .spl file.  That's because the word numbers must be exactly
  // right.
  if (!spin->si_nosugfile
      && (!GA_EMPTY(&spin->si_sal)
          || (spin->si_sofofr != NULL && spin->si_sofoto != NULL))) {
    putc(SN_SUGFILE, fd);                               // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>
    put_bytes(fd, 8, 4);                                // <sectionlen>

    // Set si_sugtime and write it to the file.
    spin->si_sugtime = time(NULL);
    put_time(fd, spin->si_sugtime);                     // <timestamp>
  }

  // SN_NOSPLITSUGS: nothing
  // This is used to notify that no suggestions with word splits are to be
  // made.
  if (spin->si_nosplitsugs) {
    putc(SN_NOSPLITSUGS, fd);                           // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>
    put_bytes(fd, 0, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
  }

  // SN_NOCOMPUNDSUGS: nothing
  // This is used to notify that no suggestions with compounds are to be
  // made.
  if (spin->si_nocompoundsugs) {
    putc(SN_NOCOMPOUNDSUGS, fd);                        // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>
    put_bytes(fd, 0, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
  }

  // SN_COMPOUND: compound info.
  // We don't mark it required, when not supported all compound words will
  // be bad words.
  if (spin->si_compflags != NULL) {
    putc(SN_COMPOUND, fd);                              // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>

    size_t l = STRLEN(spin->si_compflags);
    assert(spin->si_comppat.ga_len >= 0);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t)spin->si_comppat.ga_len; ++i) {
      l += STRLEN(((char_u **)(spin->si_comppat.ga_data))[i]) + 1;
    }
    put_bytes(fd, l + 7, 4);                            // <sectionlen>

    putc(spin->si_compmax, fd);                         // <compmax>
    putc(spin->si_compminlen, fd);                      // <compminlen>
    putc(spin->si_compsylmax, fd);                      // <compsylmax>
    putc(0, fd);                // for Vim 7.0b compatibility
    putc(spin->si_compoptions, fd);                     // <compoptions>
    put_bytes(fd, (uintmax_t)spin->si_comppat.ga_len, 2);  // <comppatcount>
    for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t)spin->si_comppat.ga_len; ++i) {
      char_u *p = ((char_u **)(spin->si_comppat.ga_data))[i];
      assert(STRLEN(p) < INT_MAX);
      putc((int)STRLEN(p), fd);                         // <comppatlen>
      fwv &= fwrite(p, STRLEN(p), 1, fd);               // <comppattext>
    }
    // <compflags>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_compflags, STRLEN(spin->si_compflags), 1, fd);
  }

  // SN_NOBREAK: NOBREAK flag
  if (spin->si_nobreak) {
    putc(SN_NOBREAK, fd);                               // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>

    // It's empty, the presence of the section flags the feature.
    put_bytes(fd, 0, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
  }

  // SN_SYLLABLE: syllable info.
  // We don't mark it required, when not supported syllables will not be
  // counted.
  if (spin->si_syllable != NULL) {
    putc(SN_SYLLABLE, fd);                              // <sectionID>
    putc(0, fd);                                        // <sectionflags>

    size_t l = STRLEN(spin->si_syllable);
    put_bytes(fd, l, 4);                                // <sectionlen>
    fwv &= fwrite(spin->si_syllable, l, 1, fd);         // <syllable>
  }

  // end of <SECTIONS>
  putc(SN_END, fd);                                     // <sectionend>


  // <LWORDTREE>  <KWORDTREE>  <PREFIXTREE>
  spin->si_memtot = 0;
  for (unsigned int round = 1; round <= 3; ++round) {
    wordnode_T *tree;
    if (round == 1) {
      tree = spin->si_foldroot->wn_sibling;
    } else if (round == 2) {
      tree = spin->si_keeproot->wn_sibling;
    } else {
      tree = spin->si_prefroot->wn_sibling;
    }

    // Clear the index and wnode fields in the tree.
    clear_node(tree);

    // Count the number of nodes.  Needed to be able to allocate the
    // memory when reading the nodes.  Also fills in index for shared
    // nodes.
    size_t nodecount = (size_t)put_node(NULL, tree, 0, regionmask, round == 3);

    // number of nodes in 4 bytes
    put_bytes(fd, nodecount, 4);                        // <nodecount>
    assert(nodecount + nodecount * sizeof(int) < INT_MAX);
    spin->si_memtot += (int)(nodecount + nodecount * sizeof(int));

    // Write the nodes.
    (void)put_node(fd, tree, 0, regionmask, round == 3);
  }

  // Write another byte to check for errors (file system full).
  if (putc(0, fd) == EOF) {
    retval = FAIL;
  }
theend:
  if (fclose(fd) == EOF) {
    retval = FAIL;
  }

  if (fwv != (size_t)1) {
    retval = FAIL;
  }
  if (retval == FAIL) {
    emsg(_(e_write));
  }

  return retval;
}

// Clear the index and wnode fields of "node", it siblings and its
// children.  This is needed because they are a union with other items to save
// space.
static void clear_node(wordnode_T *node)
{
  wordnode_T *np;

  if (node != NULL) {
    for (np = node; np != NULL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
      np->wn_u1.index = 0;
      np->wn_u2.wnode = NULL;

      if (np->wn_byte != NUL) {
        clear_node(np->wn_child);
      }
    }
  }
}


/// Dump a word tree at node "node".
///
/// This first writes the list of possible bytes (siblings).  Then for each
/// byte recursively write the children.
///
/// NOTE: The code here must match the code in read_tree_node(), since
/// assumptions are made about the indexes (so that we don't have to write them
/// in the file).
///
/// @param fd  NULL when only counting
/// @param prefixtree  true for PREFIXTREE
///
/// @return  the number of nodes used.
static int put_node(FILE *fd, wordnode_T *node, int idx, int regionmask, bool prefixtree)
{
  // If "node" is zero the tree is empty.
  if (node == NULL) {
    return 0;
  }

  // Store the index where this node is written.
  node->wn_u1.index = idx;

  // Count the number of siblings.
  int siblingcount = 0;
  for (wordnode_T *np = node; np != NULL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
    ++siblingcount;
  }

  // Write the sibling count.
  if (fd != NULL) {
    putc(siblingcount, fd);                             // <siblingcount>
  }
  // Write each sibling byte and optionally extra info.
  for (wordnode_T *np = node; np != NULL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
    if (np->wn_byte == 0) {
      if (fd != NULL) {
        // For a NUL byte (end of word) write the flags etc.
        if (prefixtree) {
          // In PREFIXTREE write the required affixID and the
          // associated condition nr (stored in wn_region).  The
          // byte value is misused to store the "rare" and "not
          // combining" flags
          if (np->wn_flags == (uint16_t)PFX_FLAGS) {
            putc(BY_NOFLAGS, fd);                       // <byte>
          } else {
            putc(BY_FLAGS, fd);                         // <byte>
            putc(np->wn_flags, fd);                     // <pflags>
          }
          putc(np->wn_affixID, fd);                     // <affixID>
          put_bytes(fd, (uintmax_t)np->wn_region, 2);   // <prefcondnr>
        } else {
          // For word trees we write the flag/region items.
          int flags = np->wn_flags;
          if (regionmask != 0 && np->wn_region != regionmask) {
            flags |= WF_REGION;
          }
          if (np->wn_affixID != 0) {
            flags |= WF_AFX;
          }
          if (flags == 0) {
            // word without flags or region
            putc(BY_NOFLAGS, fd);                               // <byte>
          } else {
            if (np->wn_flags >= 0x100) {
              putc(BY_FLAGS2, fd);                              // <byte>
              putc(flags, fd);                                  // <flags>
              putc((int)((unsigned)flags >> 8), fd);            // <flags2>
            } else {
              putc(BY_FLAGS, fd);                               // <byte>
              putc(flags, fd);                                  // <flags>
            }
            if (flags & WF_REGION) {
              putc(np->wn_region, fd);                          // <region>
            }
            if (flags & WF_AFX) {
              putc(np->wn_affixID, fd);                         // <affixID>
            }
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (np->wn_child->wn_u1.index != 0
          && np->wn_child->wn_u2.wnode != node) {
        // The child is written elsewhere, write the reference.
        if (fd != NULL) {
          putc(BY_INDEX, fd);                                      // <byte>
          put_bytes(fd, (uintmax_t)np->wn_child->wn_u1.index, 3);  // <nodeidx>
        }
      } else if (np->wn_child->wn_u2.wnode == NULL) {
        // We will write the child below and give it an index.
        np->wn_child->wn_u2.wnode = node;
      }

      if (fd != NULL) {
        if (putc(np->wn_byte, fd) == EOF) {       // <byte> or <xbyte>
          emsg(_(e_write));
          return 0;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // Space used in the array when reading: one for each sibling and one for
  // the count.
  int newindex = idx + siblingcount + 1;

  // Recursively dump the children of each sibling.
  for (wordnode_T *np = node; np != NULL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
    if (np->wn_byte != 0 && np->wn_child->wn_u2.wnode == node) {
      newindex = put_node(fd, np->wn_child, newindex, regionmask,
                          prefixtree);
    }
  }

  return newindex;
}


// ":mkspell [-ascii] outfile  infile ..."
// ":mkspell [-ascii] addfile"
void ex_mkspell(exarg_T *eap)
{
  int fcount;
  char_u **fnames;
  char_u *arg = eap->arg;
  bool ascii = false;

  if (STRNCMP(arg, "-ascii", 6) == 0) {
    ascii = true;
    arg = skipwhite(arg + 6);
  }

  // Expand all the remaining arguments (e.g., $VIMRUNTIME).
  if (get_arglist_exp(arg, &fcount, &fnames, false) == OK) {
    mkspell(fcount, fnames, ascii, eap->forceit, false);
    FreeWild(fcount, fnames);
  }
}

// Create the .sug file.
// Uses the soundfold info in "spin".
// Writes the file with the name "wfname", with ".spl" changed to ".sug".
static void spell_make_sugfile(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *wfname)
{
  char_u *fname = NULL;
  int len;
  slang_T *slang;
  bool free_slang = false;

  // Read back the .spl file that was written.  This fills the required
  // info for soundfolding.  This also uses less memory than the
  // pointer-linked version of the trie.  And it avoids having two versions
  // of the code for the soundfolding stuff.
  // It might have been done already by spell_reload_one().
  for (slang = first_lang; slang != NULL; slang = slang->sl_next) {
    if (path_full_compare(wfname, slang->sl_fname, false, true)
        == kEqualFiles) {
      break;
    }
  }
  if (slang == NULL) {
    spell_message(spin, (char_u *)_("Reading back spell file..."));
    slang = spell_load_file(wfname, NULL, NULL, false);
    if (slang == NULL) {
      return;
    }
    free_slang = true;
  }

  // Clear the info in "spin" that is used.
  spin->si_blocks = NULL;
  spin->si_blocks_cnt = 0;
  spin->si_compress_cnt = 0;        // will stay at 0 all the time
  spin->si_free_count = 0;
  spin->si_first_free = NULL;
  spin->si_foldwcount = 0;

  // Go through the trie of good words, soundfold each word and add it to
  // the soundfold trie.
  spell_message(spin, (char_u *)_("Performing soundfolding..."));
  if (sug_filltree(spin, slang) == FAIL) {
    goto theend;
  }

  // Create the table which links each soundfold word with a list of the
  // good words it may come from.  Creates buffer "spin->si_spellbuf".
  // This also removes the wordnr from the NUL byte entries to make
  // compression possible.
  if (sug_maketable(spin) == FAIL) {
    goto theend;
  }

  smsg(_("Number of words after soundfolding: %" PRId64),
       (int64_t)spin->si_spellbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count);

  // Compress the soundfold trie.
  spell_message(spin, (char_u *)_(msg_compressing));
  wordtree_compress(spin, spin->si_foldroot, "case-folded");

  // Write the .sug file.
  // Make the file name by changing ".spl" to ".sug".
  fname = xmalloc(MAXPATHL);
  STRLCPY(fname, wfname, MAXPATHL);
  len = (int)STRLEN(fname);
  fname[len - 2] = 'u';
  fname[len - 1] = 'g';
  sug_write(spin, fname);

theend:
  xfree(fname);
  if (free_slang) {
    slang_free(slang);
  }
  free_blocks(spin->si_blocks);
  close_spellbuf(spin->si_spellbuf);
}

// Build the soundfold trie for language "slang".
static int sug_filltree(spellinfo_T *spin, slang_T *slang)
{
  char_u *byts;
  idx_T *idxs;
  int depth;
  idx_T arridx[MAXWLEN];
  int curi[MAXWLEN];
  char_u tword[MAXWLEN];
  char_u tsalword[MAXWLEN];
  int c;
  idx_T n;
  unsigned words_done = 0;
  int wordcount[MAXWLEN];

  // We use si_foldroot for the soundfolded trie.
  spin->si_foldroot = wordtree_alloc(spin);

  // Let tree_add_word() know we're adding to the soundfolded tree
  spin->si_sugtree = true;

  // Go through the whole case-folded tree, soundfold each word and put it
  // in the trie.
  byts = slang->sl_fbyts;
  idxs = slang->sl_fidxs;

  arridx[0] = 0;
  curi[0] = 1;
  wordcount[0] = 0;

  depth = 0;
  while (depth >= 0 && !got_int) {
    if (curi[depth] > byts[arridx[depth]]) {
      // Done all bytes at this node, go up one level.
      idxs[arridx[depth]] = wordcount[depth];
      if (depth > 0) {
        wordcount[depth - 1] += wordcount[depth];
      }

      --depth;
      line_breakcheck();
    } else {
      // Do one more byte at this node.
      n = arridx[depth] + curi[depth];
      ++curi[depth];

      c = byts[n];
      if (c == 0) {
        // Sound-fold the word.
        tword[depth] = NUL;
        spell_soundfold(slang, tword, true, tsalword);

        // We use the "flags" field for the MSB of the wordnr,
        // "region" for the LSB of the wordnr.
        if (tree_add_word(spin, tsalword, spin->si_foldroot,
                          words_done >> 16, words_done & 0xffff,
                          0) == FAIL) {
          return FAIL;
        }

        ++words_done;
        ++wordcount[depth];

        // Reset the block count each time to avoid compression
        // kicking in.
        spin->si_blocks_cnt = 0;

        // Skip over any other NUL bytes (same word with different
        // flags).  But don't go over the end.
        while (n + 1 < slang->sl_fbyts_len && byts[n + 1] == 0) {
          n++;
          curi[depth]++;
        }
      } else {
        // Normal char, go one level deeper.
        tword[depth++] = c;
        arridx[depth] = idxs[n];
        curi[depth] = 1;
        wordcount[depth] = 0;
      }
    }
  }

  smsg(_("Total number of words: %d"), words_done);

  return OK;
}

// Make the table that links each word in the soundfold trie to the words it
// can be produced from.
// This is not unlike lines in a file, thus use a memfile to be able to access
// the table efficiently.
// Returns FAIL when out of memory.
static int sug_maketable(spellinfo_T *spin)
{
  garray_T ga;
  int res = OK;

  // Allocate a buffer, open a memline for it and create the swap file
  // (uses a temp file, not a .swp file).
  spin->si_spellbuf = open_spellbuf();

  // Use a buffer to store the line info, avoids allocating many small
  // pieces of memory.
  ga_init(&ga, 1, 100);

  // recursively go through the tree
  if (sug_filltable(spin, spin->si_foldroot->wn_sibling, 0, &ga) == -1) {
    res = FAIL;
  }

  ga_clear(&ga);
  return res;
}

/// Fill the table for one node and its children.
/// Returns the wordnr at the start of the node.
/// Returns -1 when out of memory.
///
/// @param gap  place to store line of numbers
static int sug_filltable(spellinfo_T *spin, wordnode_T *node, int startwordnr, garray_T *gap)
{
  wordnode_T *p, *np;
  int wordnr = startwordnr;
  int nr;
  int prev_nr;

  for (p = node; p != NULL; p = p->wn_sibling) {
    if (p->wn_byte == NUL) {
      gap->ga_len = 0;
      prev_nr = 0;
      for (np = p; np != NULL && np->wn_byte == NUL; np = np->wn_sibling) {
        ga_grow(gap, 10);

        nr = (np->wn_flags << 16) + (np->wn_region & 0xffff);
        // Compute the offset from the previous nr and store the
        // offset in a way that it takes a minimum number of bytes.
        // It's a bit like utf-8, but without the need to mark
        // following bytes.
        nr -= prev_nr;
        prev_nr += nr;
        gap->ga_len += offset2bytes(nr,
                                    (char_u *)gap->ga_data + gap->ga_len);
      }

      // add the NUL byte
      ((char_u *)gap->ga_data)[gap->ga_len++] = NUL;

      if (ml_append_buf(spin->si_spellbuf, (linenr_T)wordnr,
                        gap->ga_data, gap->ga_len, true) == FAIL) {
        return -1;
      }
      wordnr++;

      // Remove extra NUL entries, we no longer need them. We don't
      // bother freeing the nodes, the won't be reused anyway.
      while (p->wn_sibling != NULL && p->wn_sibling->wn_byte == NUL) {
        p->wn_sibling = p->wn_sibling->wn_sibling;
      }

      // Clear the flags on the remaining NUL node, so that compression
      // works a lot better.
      p->wn_flags = 0;
      p->wn_region = 0;
    } else {
      wordnr = sug_filltable(spin, p->wn_child, wordnr, gap);
      if (wordnr == -1) {
        return -1;
      }
    }
  }
  return wordnr;
}

// Convert an offset into a minimal number of bytes.
// Similar to utf_char2byters, but use 8 bits in followup bytes and avoid NUL
// bytes.
static int offset2bytes(int nr, char_u *buf)
{
  int rem;
  int b1, b2, b3, b4;

  // Split the number in parts of base 255.  We need to avoid NUL bytes.
  b1 = nr % 255 + 1;
  rem = nr / 255;
  b2 = rem % 255 + 1;
  rem = rem / 255;
  b3 = rem % 255 + 1;
  b4 = rem / 255 + 1;

  if (b4 > 1 || b3 > 0x1f) {    // 4 bytes
    buf[0] = 0xe0 + b4;
    buf[1] = b3;
    buf[2] = b2;
    buf[3] = b1;
    return 4;
  }
  if (b3 > 1 || b2 > 0x3f) {   // 3 bytes
    buf[0] = 0xc0 + b3;
    buf[1] = b2;
    buf[2] = b1;
    return 3;
  }
  if (b2 > 1 || b1 > 0x7f) {   // 2 bytes
    buf[0] = 0x80 + b2;
    buf[1] = b1;
    return 2;
  }
  // 1 byte
  buf[0] = b1;
  return 1;
}

// Write the .sug file in "fname".
static void sug_write(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
{
  // Create the file.  Note that an existing file is silently overwritten!
  FILE *fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "w");
  if (fd == NULL) {
    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
    return;
  }

  vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
               _("Writing suggestion file %s..."), fname);
  spell_message(spin, IObuff);

  // <SUGHEADER>: <fileID> <versionnr> <timestamp>
  if (fwrite(VIMSUGMAGIC, VIMSUGMAGICL, (size_t)1, fd) != 1) {  // <fileID>
    emsg(_(e_write));
    goto theend;
  }
  putc(VIMSUGVERSION, fd);                              // <versionnr>

  // Write si_sugtime to the file.
  put_time(fd, spin->si_sugtime);                       // <timestamp>

  // <SUGWORDTREE>
  spin->si_memtot = 0;
  wordnode_T *tree = spin->si_foldroot->wn_sibling;

  // Clear the index and wnode fields in the tree.
  clear_node(tree);

  // Count the number of nodes.  Needed to be able to allocate the
  // memory when reading the nodes.  Also fills in index for shared
  // nodes.
  size_t nodecount = (size_t)put_node(NULL, tree, 0, 0, false);

  // number of nodes in 4 bytes
  put_bytes(fd, nodecount, 4);                          // <nodecount>
  assert(nodecount + nodecount * sizeof(int) < INT_MAX);
  spin->si_memtot += (int)(nodecount + nodecount * sizeof(int));

  // Write the nodes.
  (void)put_node(fd, tree, 0, 0, false);

  // <SUGTABLE>: <sugwcount> <sugline> ...
  linenr_T wcount = spin->si_spellbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
  assert(wcount >= 0);
  put_bytes(fd, (uintmax_t)wcount, 4);                  // <sugwcount>

  for (linenr_T lnum = 1; lnum <= wcount; ++lnum) {
    // <sugline>: <sugnr> ... NUL
    char_u *line = ml_get_buf(spin->si_spellbuf, lnum, false);
    size_t len = STRLEN(line) + 1;
    if (fwrite(line, len, 1, fd) == 0) {
      emsg(_(e_write));
      goto theend;
    }
    assert((size_t)spin->si_memtot + len <= INT_MAX);
    spin->si_memtot += (int)len;
  }

  // Write another byte to check for errors.
  if (putc(0, fd) == EOF) {
    emsg(_(e_write));
  }

  vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
               _("Estimated runtime memory use: %d bytes"), spin->si_memtot);
  spell_message(spin, IObuff);

theend:
  // close the file
  fclose(fd);
}


/// Create a Vim spell file from one or more word lists.
/// "fnames[0]" is the output file name.
/// "fnames[fcount - 1]" is the last input file name.
/// Exception: when "fnames[0]" ends in ".add" it's used as the input file name
/// and ".spl" is appended to make the output file name.
///
/// @param ascii  -ascii argument given
/// @param over_write  overwrite existing output file
/// @param added_word  invoked through "zg"
static void mkspell(int fcount, char_u **fnames, bool ascii, bool over_write, bool added_word)
{
  char_u *fname = NULL;
  char_u *wfname;
  char_u **innames;
  int incount;
  afffile_T *(afile[MAXREGIONS]);
  int i;
  int len;
  bool error = false;
  spellinfo_T spin;

  memset(&spin, 0, sizeof(spin));
  spin.si_verbose = !added_word;
  spin.si_ascii = ascii;
  spin.si_followup = true;
  spin.si_rem_accents = true;
  ga_init(&spin.si_rep, (int)sizeof(fromto_T), 20);
  ga_init(&spin.si_repsal, (int)sizeof(fromto_T), 20);
  ga_init(&spin.si_sal, (int)sizeof(fromto_T), 20);
  ga_init(&spin.si_map, (int)sizeof(char_u), 100);
  ga_init(&spin.si_comppat, (int)sizeof(char_u *), 20);
  ga_init(&spin.si_prefcond, (int)sizeof(char_u *), 50);
  hash_init(&spin.si_commonwords);
  spin.si_newcompID = 127;      // start compound ID at first maximum

  // default: fnames[0] is output file, following are input files
  // When "fcount" is 1 there is only one file.
  innames = &fnames[fcount == 1 ? 0 : 1];
  incount = fcount - 1;

  wfname = xmalloc(MAXPATHL);

  if (fcount >= 1) {
    len = (int)STRLEN(fnames[0]);
    if (fcount == 1 && len > 4 && STRCMP(fnames[0] + len - 4, ".add") == 0) {
      // For ":mkspell path/en.latin1.add" output file is
      // "path/en.latin1.add.spl".
      incount = 1;
      vim_snprintf((char *)wfname, MAXPATHL, "%s.spl", fnames[0]);
    } else if (fcount == 1) {
      // For ":mkspell path/vim" output file is "path/vim.latin1.spl".
      incount = 1;
      vim_snprintf((char *)wfname, MAXPATHL, SPL_FNAME_TMPL,
                   fnames[0], spin.si_ascii ? (char_u *)"ascii" : spell_enc());
    } else if (len > 4 && STRCMP(fnames[0] + len - 4, ".spl") == 0) {
      // Name ends in ".spl", use as the file name.
      STRLCPY(wfname, fnames[0], MAXPATHL);
    } else {
      // Name should be language, make the file name from it.
      vim_snprintf((char *)wfname, MAXPATHL, SPL_FNAME_TMPL,
                   fnames[0], spin.si_ascii ? (char_u *)"ascii" : spell_enc());
    }

    // Check for .ascii.spl.
    if (strstr((char *)path_tail(wfname), SPL_FNAME_ASCII) != NULL) {
      spin.si_ascii = true;
    }

    // Check for .add.spl.
    if (strstr((char *)path_tail(wfname), SPL_FNAME_ADD) != NULL) {
      spin.si_add = true;
    }
  }

  if (incount <= 0) {
    emsg(_(e_invarg));          // need at least output and input names
  } else if (vim_strchr(path_tail(wfname), '_') != NULL) {
    emsg(_("E751: Output file name must not have region name"));
  } else if (incount > MAXREGIONS) {
    semsg(_("E754: Only up to %d regions supported"), MAXREGIONS);
  } else {
    // Check for overwriting before doing things that may take a lot of
    // time.
    if (!over_write && os_path_exists(wfname)) {
      emsg(_(e_exists));
      goto theend;
    }
    if (os_isdir(wfname)) {
      semsg(_(e_isadir2), wfname);
      goto theend;
    }

    fname = xmalloc(MAXPATHL);

    // Init the aff and dic pointers.
    // Get the region names if there are more than 2 arguments.
    for (i = 0; i < incount; ++i) {
      afile[i] = NULL;

      if (incount > 1) {
        len = (int)STRLEN(innames[i]);
        if (STRLEN(path_tail(innames[i])) < 5
            || innames[i][len - 3] != '_') {
          semsg(_("E755: Invalid region in %s"), innames[i]);
          goto theend;
        }
        spin.si_region_name[i * 2] = TOLOWER_ASC(innames[i][len - 2]);
        spin.si_region_name[i * 2 + 1] =
          TOLOWER_ASC(innames[i][len - 1]);
      }
    }
    spin.si_region_count = incount;

    spin.si_foldroot = wordtree_alloc(&spin);
    spin.si_keeproot = wordtree_alloc(&spin);
    spin.si_prefroot = wordtree_alloc(&spin);

    // When not producing a .add.spl file clear the character table when
    // we encounter one in the .aff file.  This means we dump the current
    // one in the .spl file if the .aff file doesn't define one.  That's
    // better than guessing the contents, the table will match a
    // previously loaded spell file.
    if (!spin.si_add) {
      spin.si_clear_chartab = true;
    }

    // Read all the .aff and .dic files.
    // Text is converted to 'encoding'.
    // Words are stored in the case-folded and keep-case trees.
    for (i = 0; i < incount && !error; ++i) {
      spin.si_conv.vc_type = CONV_NONE;
      spin.si_region = 1 << i;

      vim_snprintf((char *)fname, MAXPATHL, "%s.aff", innames[i]);
      if (os_path_exists(fname)) {
        // Read the .aff file.  Will init "spin->si_conv" based on the
        // "SET" line.
        afile[i] = spell_read_aff(&spin, fname);
        if (afile[i] == NULL) {
          error = true;
        } else {
          // Read the .dic file and store the words in the trees.
          vim_snprintf((char *)fname, MAXPATHL, "%s.dic",
                       innames[i]);
          if (spell_read_dic(&spin, fname, afile[i]) == FAIL) {
            error = true;
          }
        }
      } else {
        // No .aff file, try reading the file as a word list.  Store
        // the words in the trees.
        if (spell_read_wordfile(&spin, innames[i]) == FAIL) {
          error = true;
        }
      }

      // Free any conversion stuff.
      convert_setup(&spin.si_conv, NULL, NULL);
    }

    if (spin.si_compflags != NULL && spin.si_nobreak) {
      msg(_("Warning: both compounding and NOBREAK specified"));
    }

    if (!error && !got_int) {
      // Combine tails in the tree.
      spell_message(&spin, (char_u *)_(msg_compressing));
      wordtree_compress(&spin, spin.si_foldroot, "case-folded");
      wordtree_compress(&spin, spin.si_keeproot, "keep-case");
      wordtree_compress(&spin, spin.si_prefroot, "prefixes");
    }

    if (!error && !got_int) {
      // Write the info in the spell file.
      vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
                   _("Writing spell file %s..."), wfname);
      spell_message(&spin, IObuff);

      error = write_vim_spell(&spin, wfname) == FAIL;

      spell_message(&spin, (char_u *)_("Done!"));
      vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
                   _("Estimated runtime memory use: %d bytes"), spin.si_memtot);
      spell_message(&spin, IObuff);

      // If the file is loaded need to reload it.
      if (!error) {
        spell_reload_one(wfname, added_word);
      }
    }

    // Free the allocated memory.
    ga_clear(&spin.si_rep);
    ga_clear(&spin.si_repsal);
    ga_clear(&spin.si_sal);
    ga_clear(&spin.si_map);
    ga_clear(&spin.si_comppat);
    ga_clear(&spin.si_prefcond);
    hash_clear_all(&spin.si_commonwords, 0);

    // Free the .aff file structures.
    for (i = 0; i < incount; ++i) {
      if (afile[i] != NULL) {
        spell_free_aff(afile[i]);
      }
    }

    // Free all the bits and pieces at once.
    free_blocks(spin.si_blocks);

    // If there is soundfolding info and no NOSUGFILE item create the
    // .sug file with the soundfolded word trie.
    if (spin.si_sugtime != 0 && !error && !got_int) {
      spell_make_sugfile(&spin, wfname);
    }
  }

theend:
  xfree(fname);
  xfree(wfname);
}

// Display a message for spell file processing when 'verbose' is set or using
// ":mkspell".  "str" can be IObuff.
static void spell_message(const spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *str)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
  if (spin->si_verbose || p_verbose > 2) {
    if (!spin->si_verbose) {
      verbose_enter();
    }
    msg((char *)str);
    ui_flush();
    if (!spin->si_verbose) {
      verbose_leave();
    }
  }
}

// ":[count]spellgood  {word}"
// ":[count]spellwrong {word}"
// ":[count]spellundo  {word}"
// ":[count]spellrare  {word}"
void ex_spell(exarg_T *eap)
{
  spell_add_word(eap->arg, (int)STRLEN(eap->arg),
                 eap->cmdidx == CMD_spellwrong ? SPELL_ADD_BAD :
                 eap->cmdidx == CMD_spellrare ? SPELL_ADD_RARE : SPELL_ADD_GOOD,
                 eap->forceit ? 0 : (int)eap->line2,
                 eap->cmdidx == CMD_spellundo);
}

/// Add "word[len]" to 'spellfile' as a good or bad word.
///
/// @param what  SPELL_ADD_ values
/// @param idx  "zG" and "zW": zero, otherwise index in 'spellfile'
/// @param bool  // true for "zug", "zuG", "zuw" and "zuW"
void spell_add_word(char_u *word, int len, SpellAddType what, int idx, bool undo)
{
  FILE *fd = NULL;
  buf_T *buf = NULL;
  bool new_spf = false;
  char_u *fname;
  char_u *fnamebuf = NULL;
  char_u line[MAXWLEN * 2];
  long fpos, fpos_next = 0;
  int i;
  char_u *spf;

  if (idx == 0) {           // use internal wordlist
    if (int_wordlist == NULL) {
      int_wordlist = vim_tempname();
      if (int_wordlist == NULL) {
        return;
      }
    }
    fname = int_wordlist;
  } else {
    // If 'spellfile' isn't set figure out a good default value.
    if (*curwin->w_s->b_p_spf == NUL) {
      init_spellfile();
      new_spf = true;
    }

    if (*curwin->w_s->b_p_spf == NUL) {
      semsg(_(e_notset), "spellfile");
      return;
    }
    fnamebuf = xmalloc(MAXPATHL);

    for (spf = curwin->w_s->b_p_spf, i = 1; *spf != NUL; ++i) {
      copy_option_part(&spf, fnamebuf, MAXPATHL, ",");
      if (i == idx) {
        break;
      }
      if (*spf == NUL) {
        semsg(_("E765: 'spellfile' does not have %" PRId64 " entries"), (int64_t)idx);
        xfree(fnamebuf);
        return;
      }
    }

    // Check that the user isn't editing the .add file somewhere.
    buf = buflist_findname_exp(fnamebuf);
    if (buf != NULL && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL) {
      buf = NULL;
    }
    if (buf != NULL && bufIsChanged(buf)) {
      emsg(_(e_bufloaded));
      xfree(fnamebuf);
      return;
    }

    fname = fnamebuf;
  }

  if (what == SPELL_ADD_BAD || undo) {
    // When the word appears as good word we need to remove that one,
    // since its flags sort before the one with WF_BANNED.
    fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
    if (fd != NULL) {
      while (!vim_fgets(line, MAXWLEN * 2, fd)) {
        fpos = fpos_next;
        fpos_next = ftell(fd);
        if (STRNCMP(word, line, len) == 0
            && (line[len] == '/' || line[len] < ' ')) {
          // Found duplicate word.  Remove it by writing a '#' at
          // the start of the line.  Mixing reading and writing
          // doesn't work for all systems, close the file first.
          fclose(fd);
          fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "r+");
          if (fd == NULL) {
            break;
          }
          if (fseek(fd, fpos, SEEK_SET) == 0) {
            fputc('#', fd);
            if (undo) {
              home_replace(NULL, fname, NameBuff, MAXPATHL, TRUE);
              smsg(_("Word '%.*s' removed from %s"),
                   len, word, NameBuff);
            }
          }
          if (fseek(fd, fpos_next, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
            PERROR(_("Seek error in spellfile"));
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if (fd != NULL) {
        fclose(fd);
      }
    }
  }

  if (!undo) {
    fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "a");
    if (fd == NULL && new_spf) {
      char_u *p;

      // We just initialized the 'spellfile' option and can't open the
      // file.  We may need to create the "spell" directory first.  We
      // already checked the runtime directory is writable in
      // init_spellfile().
      if (!dir_of_file_exists(fname) && (p = path_tail_with_sep(fname)) != fname) {
        int c = *p;

        // The directory doesn't exist.  Try creating it and opening
        // the file again.
        *p = NUL;
        os_mkdir((char *)fname, 0755);
        *p = c;
        fd = os_fopen((char *)fname, "a");
      }
    }

    if (fd == NULL) {
      semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
    } else {
      if (what == SPELL_ADD_BAD) {
        fprintf(fd, "%.*s/!\n", len, word);
      } else if (what == SPELL_ADD_RARE) {
        fprintf(fd, "%.*s/?\n", len, word);
      } else {
        fprintf(fd, "%.*s\n", len, word);
      }
      fclose(fd);

      home_replace(NULL, fname, NameBuff, MAXPATHL, TRUE);
      smsg(_("Word '%.*s' added to %s"), len, word, NameBuff);
    }
  }

  if (fd != NULL) {
    // Update the .add.spl file.
    mkspell(1, &fname, false, true, true);

    // If the .add file is edited somewhere, reload it.
    if (buf != NULL) {
      buf_reload(buf, buf->b_orig_mode);
    }

    redraw_all_later(SOME_VALID);
  }
  xfree(fnamebuf);
}

// Initialize 'spellfile' for the current buffer.
static void init_spellfile(void)
{
  char_u *buf;
  int l;
  char_u *fname;
  char_u *rtp;
  char_u *lend;
  bool aspath = false;
  char_u *lstart = curbuf->b_s.b_p_spl;

  if (*curwin->w_s->b_p_spl != NUL && !GA_EMPTY(&curwin->w_s->b_langp)) {
    buf = xmalloc(MAXPATHL);

    // Find the end of the language name.  Exclude the region.  If there
    // is a path separator remember the start of the tail.
    for (lend = curwin->w_s->b_p_spl; *lend != NUL
         && vim_strchr((char_u *)",._", *lend) == NULL; ++lend) {
      if (vim_ispathsep(*lend)) {
        aspath = true;
        lstart = lend + 1;
      }
    }

    // Loop over all entries in 'runtimepath'.  Use the first one where we
    // are allowed to write.
    rtp = p_rtp;
    while (*rtp != NUL) {
      if (aspath) {
        // Use directory of an entry with path, e.g., for
        // "/dir/lg.utf-8.spl" use "/dir".
        STRLCPY(buf, curbuf->b_s.b_p_spl,
                lstart - curbuf->b_s.b_p_spl);
      } else {
        // Copy the path from 'runtimepath' to buf[].
        copy_option_part(&rtp, buf, MAXPATHL, ",");
      }
      if (os_file_is_writable((char *)buf) == 2) {
        // Use the first language name from 'spelllang' and the
        // encoding used in the first loaded .spl file.
        if (aspath) {
          STRLCPY(buf, curbuf->b_s.b_p_spl,
                  lend - curbuf->b_s.b_p_spl + 1);
        } else {
          // Create the "spell" directory if it doesn't exist yet.
          l = (int)STRLEN(buf);
          vim_snprintf((char *)buf + l, MAXPATHL - l, "/spell");
          if (os_file_is_writable((char *)buf) != 2) {
            os_mkdir((char *)buf, 0755);
          }

          l = (int)STRLEN(buf);
          vim_snprintf((char *)buf + l, MAXPATHL - l,
                       "/%.*s", (int)(lend - lstart), lstart);
        }
        l = (int)STRLEN(buf);
        fname = LANGP_ENTRY(curwin->w_s->b_langp, 0)
                ->lp_slang->sl_fname;
        vim_snprintf((char *)buf + l, MAXPATHL - l, ".%s.add",
                     ((fname != NULL
                       && strstr((char *)path_tail(fname), ".ascii.") != NULL)
                      ? "ascii"
                      : (const char *)spell_enc()));
        set_option_value("spellfile", 0L, (const char *)buf, OPT_LOCAL);
        break;
      }
      aspath = false;
    }

    xfree(buf);
  }
}

/// Set the spell character tables from strings in the .spl file.
///
/// @param cnt  length of "flags"
static void set_spell_charflags(char_u *flags, int cnt, char_u *fol)
{
  // We build the new tables here first, so that we can compare with the
  // previous one.
  spelltab_T new_st;
  int i;
  char_u *p = fol;
  int c;

  clear_spell_chartab(&new_st);

  for (i = 0; i < 128; ++i) {
    if (i < cnt) {
      new_st.st_isw[i + 128] = (flags[i] & CF_WORD) != 0;
      new_st.st_isu[i + 128] = (flags[i] & CF_UPPER) != 0;
    }

    if (*p != NUL) {
      c = mb_ptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p);
      new_st.st_fold[i + 128] = c;
      if (i + 128 != c && new_st.st_isu[i + 128] && c < 256) {
        new_st.st_upper[c] = i + 128;
      }
    }
  }

  (void)set_spell_finish(&new_st);
}

static int set_spell_finish(spelltab_T *new_st)
{
  int i;

  if (did_set_spelltab) {
    // check that it's the same table
    for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
      if (spelltab.st_isw[i] != new_st->st_isw[i]
          || spelltab.st_isu[i] != new_st->st_isu[i]
          || spelltab.st_fold[i] != new_st->st_fold[i]
          || spelltab.st_upper[i] != new_st->st_upper[i]) {
        emsg(_("E763: Word characters differ between spell files"));
        return FAIL;
      }
    }
  } else {
    // copy the new spelltab into the one being used
    spelltab = *new_st;
    did_set_spelltab = true;
  }

  return OK;
}

// Write the table with prefix conditions to the .spl file.
// When "fd" is NULL only count the length of what is written.
static int write_spell_prefcond(FILE *fd, garray_T *gap)
{
  assert(gap->ga_len >= 0);

  if (fd != NULL) {
    put_bytes(fd, (uintmax_t)gap->ga_len, 2);           // <prefcondcnt>
  }
  size_t totlen = 2 + (size_t)gap->ga_len;  // <prefcondcnt> and <condlen> bytes
  size_t x = 1;  // collect return value of fwrite()
  for (int i = 0; i < gap->ga_len; ++i) {
    // <prefcond> : <condlen> <condstr>
    char_u *p = ((char_u **)gap->ga_data)[i];
    if (p != NULL) {
      size_t len = STRLEN(p);
      if (fd != NULL) {
        assert(len <= INT_MAX);
        fputc((int)len, fd);
        x &= fwrite(p, len, 1, fd);
      }
      totlen += len;
    } else if (fd != NULL) {
      fputc(0, fd);
    }
  }

  assert(totlen <= INT_MAX);
  return (int)totlen;
}

// Use map string "map" for languages "lp".
static void set_map_str(slang_T *lp, char_u *map)
{
  char_u *p;
  int headc = 0;
  int c;
  int i;

  if (*map == NUL) {
    lp->sl_has_map = false;
    return;
  }
  lp->sl_has_map = true;

  // Init the array and hash tables empty.
  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
    lp->sl_map_array[i] = 0;
  }
  hash_init(&lp->sl_map_hash);

  // The similar characters are stored separated with slashes:
  // "aaa/bbb/ccc/".  Fill sl_map_array[c] with the character before c and
  // before the same slash.  For characters above 255 sl_map_hash is used.
  for (p = map; *p != NUL;) {
    c = mb_cptr2char_adv((const char_u **)&p);
    if (c == '/') {
      headc = 0;
    } else {
      if (headc == 0) {
        headc = c;
      }

      // Characters above 255 don't fit in sl_map_array[], put them in
      // the hash table.  Each entry is the char, a NUL the headchar and
      // a NUL.
      if (c >= 256) {
        int cl = utf_char2len(c);
        int headcl = utf_char2len(headc);
        char_u *b;
        hash_T hash;
        hashitem_T *hi;

        b = xmalloc(cl + headcl + 2);
        utf_char2bytes(c, b);
        b[cl] = NUL;
        utf_char2bytes(headc, b + cl + 1);
        b[cl + 1 + headcl] = NUL;
        hash = hash_hash(b);
        hi = hash_lookup(&lp->sl_map_hash, (const char *)b, STRLEN(b), hash);
        if (HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi)) {
          hash_add_item(&lp->sl_map_hash, hi, b, hash);
        } else {
          // This should have been checked when generating the .spl
          // file.
          emsg(_("E783: duplicate char in MAP entry"));
          xfree(b);
        }
      } else {
        lp->sl_map_array[c] = headc;
      }
    }
  }
}