1; 2; HELP.SRC 3; 4; 5~HdrFile=HELPDEFS.H 6~HlpFile=FRACTINT.HLP 7~Version=100 8~FormatExclude=8 9; 10; 11; 12~Topic=Main Help Index, Label=HELPMENU 13~Label=HELP_INDEX 14 15~Format- 16 { Using Help } { Fractals and the PC } 17 { Introduction } { Distribution of Fractint } 18 { Conditions on Use } { Contacting the Authors } 19 { Getting Started } { The Stone Soup Story } 20 { New Features in 20.4.X } { A Word About the Authors } 21 { Other Fractal Products } 22 { Display Mode Commands } 23 { Color Cycling Commands } { Fractint on Unix } 24 { Palette Editing Commands } { Using Fractint With a Mouse } 25 { Video Adapter Notes } 26 { Summary of Fractal Types } { GIF Save File Format } 27 28 { Doodads\, Bells\, and Whistles } { Common Problems } 29 { "3D" Images } 30 { Palette Maps } { Bibliography } 31 { Other Programs } 32 { Startup Parameters\, Parameter Files } { Revision History } 33 { Batch Mode } 34 { "Disk-Video" Modes } { Printing Fractint Documentation } 35 36~Format+ 37; 38; 39; 40~DocContents 41{ , 0, "New Features in 20.4.X", FF} 42{ , 0, "Introduction", "Conditions on Use", FF} 43 44{1. , 0, Fractint Commands, FF} 45{1.1 , 1, "Getting Started"} 46{1.2 , 1, "Plotting Commands"} 47{1.3 , 1, "Zoom box Commands"} 48{1.4 , 1, "Color Cycling Commands"} 49{1.5 , 1, "Palette Editing Commands"} 50{1.6 , 1, "Image Save/Restore Commands"} 51{1.7 , 1, "Print Command"} 52{1.8 , 1, "Parameter Save/Restore Commands"} 53{1.9 , 1, "\"3D\" Commands"} 54{1.10 , 1, "Interrupting and Resuming"} 55{1.11 , 1, "Orbits Window"} 56{1.12 , 1, "View Window"} 57{1.13 , 1, "Video Mode Function Keys"} 58{1.14 , 1, "Browse Commands"} 59{1.15 , 1, "Evolver Commands"} 60{1.16 , 1, "RDS Commands"} 61{1.17 , 1, "Hints"} 62{1.18 , 1, "Fractint on Unix"} 63 64{2. , 0, "Fractal Types", FF} 65{2.1 , 1, "The Mandelbrot Set"} 66{2.2 , 1, "Julia Sets"} 67{2.3 , 1, "Julia Toggle Spacebar Commands"} 68{2.4 , 1, "Inverse Julias"} 69{2.5 , 1, "Newton domains of attraction"} 70{2.6 , 1, "Newton"} 71{2.7 , 1, "Complex Newton"} 72{2.8 , 1, "Lambda Sets"} 73{2.9 , 1, "Mandellambda Sets"} 74{2.10 , 1, "Circle"} 75{2.11 , 1, "Plasma Clouds"} 76{2.12 , 1, "Lambdafn"} 77{2.13 , 1, "Mandelfn"} 78{2.14 , 1, "Barnsley Mandelbrot/Julia Sets"} 79{2.15 , 1, "Barnsley IFS Fractals"} 80{2.16 , 1, "Sierpinski Gasket"} 81{2.17 , 1, "Quartic Mandelbrot/Julia"} 82{2.18 , 1, "Distance Estimator"} 83{2.19 , 1, "Pickover Mandelbrot/Julia Types"} 84{2.20 , 1, "Pickover Popcorn"} 85{2.21 , 1, "Peterson Variations"} 86{2.22 , 1, "Unity"} 87{2.23 , 1, "Scott Taylor / Lee Skinner Variations"} 88{2.24 , 1, "Kam Torus"} 89{2.25 , 1, "Bifurcation"} 90{2.26 , 1, "Orbit Fractals"} 91{2.27 , 1, "Lorenz Attractors"} 92{2.28 , 1, "Rossler Attractors"} 93{2.29 , 1, "Henon Attractors"} 94{2.30 , 1, "Pickover Attractors"} 95{2.31 , 1, "Gingerbreadman"} 96{2.32 , 1, "Martin Attractors"} 97{2.33 , 1, "Icon"} 98{2.34 , 1, "Test"} 99{2.35 , 1, "Formula"} 100{2.36 , 1, "Julibrots"} 101{2.37 , 1, "Diffusion Limited Aggregation"} 102{2.38 , 1, "Magnetic Fractals"} 103{2.39 , 1, "L-Systems"} 104{2.40 , 1, "Lyapunov Fractals"} 105{2.41 , 1, "fn||fn Fractals"} 106{2.42 , 1, "Halley"} 107{2.43 , 1, "Dynamic System"} 108{2.44 , 1, "Mandelcloud"} 109{2.45 , 1, "Quaternion"} 110{2.46 , 1, "HyperComplex"} 111{2.47 , 1, "Cellular Automata"} 112{2.48 , 1, "Ant Automaton"} 113{2.49 , 1, "Phoenix"} 114{2.50 , 1, "Frothy Basins"} 115{2.51 , 1, "Volterra-Lotka Fractals"} 116{2.52 , 1, "Escher-Like Julia Sets"} 117{2.53 , 1, "Latoocarfian"} 118;{2.54 , 1, "Mandelbrot Mix 4"} 119{2.54 , 1, "DivideBrot5"} 120 121{3. , 0, Doodads\, Bells\, and Whistles, FF} 122{3.1 , 1, "Drawing Method"} 123{3.2 , 1, "Palette Maps"} 124{3.3 , 1, "Autokey Mode"} 125{3.4 , 1, "Distance Estimator Method"} 126{3.5 , 1, "Inversion"} 127{3.6 , 1, "Decomposition"} 128{3.7 , 1, "Logarithmic Palettes and Color Ranges"} 129{3.8 , 1, "Biomorphs"} 130{3.9 , 1, "Continuous Potential"} 131{3.10 , 1, "Starfields"} 132{3.11 , 1, "Bailout Test"} 133{3.12 , 1, "Parameter Explorer/Evolver"} 134{3.13 , 1, "Random Dot Stereograms (RDS)"} 135{3.14 , 1, "Freestyle mode tutorial"} 136 137{4. , 0, "\"3D\" Images", "3D Overview", FF} 138{4.1 , 1, "3D Mode Selection"} 139{4.2 , 1, "Select Fill Type Screen"} 140{4.3 , 1, "Stereo 3D Viewing"} 141{4.4 , 1, "Rectangular Coordinate Transformation"} 142{4.5 , 1, "3D Color Parameters"} 143{4.6 , 1, "Light Source Parameters"} 144{4.7 , 1, "Spherical Projection"} 145{4.8 , 1, "3D Overlay Mode"} 146{4.9 , 1, "Special Note for CGA or Hercules Users"} 147{4.10 , 1, "Making Terrains"} 148{4.11 , 1, "Making 3D Slides"} 149{4.12 , 1, "Interfacing with Ray Tracing Programs"} 150 151{5. , 0, Command Line Parameters\, Parameter Files\, Batch Mode, "Introduction to Parameters", FF} 152{5.1 , 1, "Using the DOS Command Line"} 153{5.2 , 1, "Setting Defaults (SSTOOLS.INI File)"} 154{5.3 , 1, "Parameter Files and the <@> Command"} 155{5.4 , 1, "General Parameter Syntax"} 156{5.5 , 1, "Startup Parameters"} 157{5.6 , 1, "Calculation Mode Parameters"} 158{5.7 , 1, "Fractal Type Parameters"} 159{5.8 , 1, "Image Calculation Parameters"} 160{5.9 , 1, "Color Parameters"} 161{5.10 , 1, "Doodad Parameters"} 162{5.11 , 1, "File Parameters"} 163{5.12 , 1, "Video Parameters"} 164{5.13 , 1, "Sound Parameters"} 165{5.13.1,2, "Sound Controls"} 166{5.13.2,2, "Advanced Sound Controls"} 167{5.13.3,2, "Envelopes"} 168{5.14 , 1, "Printer Parameters"} 169{5.15 , 1, "PostScript Parameters"} 170{5.16 , 1, "PaintJet Parameters"} 171{5.17 , 1, "Plotter Parameters"} 172{5.18 , 1, "3D Parameters"} 173{5.19 , 1, "Batch Mode"} 174{5.20 , 1, "Browser Parameters"} 175{5.21 , 1, "Passes Parameters"} 176{5.22 , 1, "Screen Coordinates Screen"} 177{5.23 , 1, "Image Coordinates Screen"} 178 179{6. , 0, Hardware Support, FF} 180{6.1 , 1, Notes on Video Modes\, \"Standard\" and Otherwise, 181 "Video Adapter Notes", "EGA", "Tweaked VGA", "Super-VGA", 182 "8514/A", "XGA", "Targa", "Targa+"} 183{6.2 , 1, "\"Disk-Video\" Modes"} 184{6.3 , 1, "Customized Video Modes\, FRACTINT.CFG"} 185 186{7. , 0, "Common Problems", FF} 187 188{8. , 0, "Fractals and the PC", FF} 189{8.1 , 1, A Little History} 190{8.1.1, 2, "Before Mandelbrot"} 191{8.1.2, 2, "Who Is This Guy\, Anyway?"} 192{8.2 , 1, A Little Code} 193{8.2.1, 2, "Periodicity Logic"} 194{8.2.2, 2, "Limitations of Integer Math (And How We Cope)"} 195{8.2.3, 2, "Arbitrary Precision and Deep Zooming"} 196{8.2.4, 2, "The Fractint \"Fractal Engine\" Architecture"} 197 198{Appendix A, 0, Mathematics of the Fractal Types, 199 "Summary of Fractal Types", 200 "Inside=bof60|bof61|zmag|fmod|period|atan", 201 "Inside=epscross|startrail", 202 "Finite Attractors", 203 "Trig Identities", 204 "Quaternion and Hypercomplex Algebra",FF} 205 206{Appendix B, 0, Stone Soup With Pixels: The Authors, 207 "The Stone Soup Story", 208 "A Word About the Authors", 209 "Distribution of Fractint", 210 "Contacting the Authors", FF} 211 212{Appendix C, 0, "GIF Save File Format", FF} 213 214{Appendix D, 0, "Other Fractal Products", FF} 215 216{Appendix E, 0, "Bibliography", FF} 217 218{Appendix F, 0, "Other Programs", FF} 219 220{Appendix G, 0, "Revision History", 221 "Version 20", 222 "Version 19", 223 "Version 18", 224 "Version 17", 225 "Version 16", 226 "Version 15", 227 "Versions 12 through 14", 228 "Versions 1 through 11", 229 FF} 230 231; 232; End of DoContents 233; 234; 235; 236~Topic=Using Help 237; This topic is online only. 238Use the following keys in help mode: 239 240 F1 Go to the main help index. 241 242 PgDn/PgUp Go to the next/previous page. 243 244 Backspace Go to the previous topic. 245 246 Escape Exit help mode. 247 248 Enter Select (go to) highlighted hot-link. 249 250 Tab/Shift-Tab Move to the next/previous hot-link. 251 252 \24 \25 \27 \26 Move to a hot-link. 253 254 Home/End Move to the first/last hot-link. 255; 256; 257; 258~Topic=Printing Fractint Documentation 259You can generate a text file containing full Fractint documentation by 260selecting the "Generate FRACTINT.DOC now" hot-link below and pressing 261Enter, or by using the DOS command "fractint makedoc=filename" ("filename" 262is the name of the file to be written; it defaults to FRACTINT.DOC.) 263 264All information in the documentation file is also available in the online 265help, so extracting it is a matter of preference - you can print the 266file (e.g. DOS command "print fractint.doc" or "copy fractint.doc prn") 267or read it with a text editor. It contains over 200 pages of information, 268has a table of contents, and is cross-referenced by page number. 269 270 {=-101 Exit without generating FRACTINT.DOC} 271 272 {=-100 Generate FRACTINT.DOC now} 273 274Fractint's great (and pioneering but no longer unique) online help and 275integrated documentation file software was written by Ethan Nagel. 276; 277; 278; 279~Topic=New Features in 20.4.X 280This is a developer's "incremental" release. These incremental releases 281typically have a short life and are updated frequently. They may have 282bug fixes, and thus be more stable, but they may also have new features 283which very likely have new bugs. 284 285Version 20.4.16 is an update of Fractint 20.0 based on the developer's 286 version 20.4.15. New features include: 287 288Patch 16 to Version 20.4.0\ 289 290Minor changes to XFractint Makefile to clean up Gentoo compile.\ 291 292Patch 15 to Version 20.4.0\ 293 294Minor changes to XFractint source to clean up Gentoo compile.\ 295Other minor cleanup of buffer overflow conditions. 296 297Patch 14 to Version 20.4.0\ 298 299Re-fixed the formula type buffer overflow in Xfractint. 300 301Fixed savetime=y to work with Xfractint. 302 303Patch 13 to Version 20.4.0\ 304 305Fixed buffer overflow in Xfractint which was causing a segmentation fault 306 when the formula parser tried to load a formula that was too large. 307 308Updated formula parser in Xfractint to use the long double type. 309 310Fixed sqrt_bf() function. 311 312Patch 12 to Version 20.4.0\ 313 314Fixed buffer overflow in disk video mode when savename was too long. 315 316Patch 11 to Version 20.4.0\ 317 318Fixed creation of sound PARs so that the sound= parameter appears after any 319 other sound related parameters. Fixed sound related PARs in fract200.par. 320 321Fixed turning off sound when an image with sound is completed. 322 323Marcus Pallinger provided changes to allow compiling Xfractint on an Intel Mac. 324 325Fixed Xfractint version DivideBrot5 fractal type broken with patch 10. 326 327Fixed Xfractint ncurses interface broken with patch 10. 328 329Added a pause to the sound options via the use of the scalemap feature. 330 See {Advanced Sound Controls}. Allowed scalemap value of 0 in PAR entries. 331 332Patch 10 to Version 20.4.0\ 333 334Fixed WinFract resetting palette when parameters are changed with the 335 <X>, <Y>, <Z>, or <G> screens. 336 337Fixed usage of shift and control keys in Xfractint. 338 339Added sanity checks in Xfractint parser functions. 340 341Fixed long standing bug in Xfractint that occurred when a PAR was 342 invoked from the command line. 343 344Increased the WinFract maximum image size to 4096x4096 pixels. Your mileage 345 may vary depending upon how much memory Windows can allocate. But remember 346 that above 2048x2048 passes=1 is forced. 347 348Fixed bug in the cvtcentermagbf() routine that was introduced some time 349 prior to version 19.6. This fixes the problem that was occurring when 350 rotating ap math images by 90 degrees. 351 352Fixed buffer overflow in Xfractint that occurred when changing directories. 353 354Patch 9 to Version 20.4.0\ 355 356Added new Fractal type {DivideBrot5} by Jim Muth. This Fractal type 357 has AP math support. Note that image skewing and inversion are not 358 supported by the AP math routines. See {Arbitrary Precision and Deep Zooming} 359 for other features not supported. 360 361 Fixed several obscure bugs in the AP math. 362 363 Added MakeFile changes from Michal Januszewski (xfractint maintainer 364 in Gentoo Linux) to increase distribution compatibility. 365 366Patch 8 to Version 20.4.0\ 367 368Fixed a bug in the virtual video code where the screen width was being 369 reduced when going from a text screen back to the graphics screen. 370 371 Revised logic that calculates the maximum X and Y resolutions possible 372 with a given initial virtual screen size. Because of the variable type being 373 used, the maximum size is 32767 even if sufficient video memory is available 374 to support higher resolutions. 375 376 Added back in code that forces passes=1 when either the X or Y 377 resolution is greater than 2048. This was inadvertently removed with 378 patch 5, and is needed because other passes= options are hard coded to 379 use arrays of this size. 380 381Xfractint changes:\ 382 Jean-Pierre Demailly provided extensive changes to eliminate the use of 383 ncurses with Xfractint and also updated the MakeFile. 384 385 Included a patch from Andrew Church and the people at Gentoo that fixes a 386 filename buffer overflow that affected the help compiler. Also included 387 their xioerror patch. 388 389 Fixed a seg fault in Xfractint caused by not unstacking all the screens before 390 exiting. 391 392 Removed the shell-to-DOS option in Xfractint. 393 394Patch 7 to Version 20.4.0\ 395 396Added feature to write the base map name to the first line of the file when 397 a map file is saved and the only change has been a rotation of the palette. 398 The base map name is then read in and used as the current map name when the 399 new map file is restored. 400 401 The recordcolors=comment command line option has been modified to not 402 create a comment line in PARs. Two colors= entries are now created with 403 the first one in the format colors=@fname.map and the second in the format 404 colors=000<24>0n0...010. When a PAR entry is read, the first colors= sets 405 the map name, and the second colors= effectively rotates the colors. 406 407 Updated the Xfractint Makefile to install using sudo instead of as root. 408 409Patch 6 to Version 20.4.0\ 410 411Added Per Image Settings to the {formula} parser. 412 When initially selected from the fractal type formula screen, the symmetry and 413 any per image settings are enforced. The per image settings will be saved to 414 PARs and GIFs, and can be changed from the appropriate screen. 415 The possible values for per image settings are the same as the parameters 416 that appear in PAR files, with the exception of 'params='. Params can't 417 be set in the per image settings section, because they get set to 418 zero when the formula is parsed. 419 420Patch 5 to Version 20.4.0\ 421 422Tim's changes (5/29/2006)\ 423 Moved version 20.0 change history to revision history to make room 424 in help.src. 425 426 Changed help screen to show just two main authors - decided 427 better not to show inactive authors. 428 429 Removed commented out complex macros in fractals.c. 430 431 Added commented out bf version of Mandelbrot in fractalp.c. Giving 432 thought to offerring bfmath as an option to bnmath, but if we fix the 433 current bignum problems, this may be moot. 434 435 Added interation to <tab> screen. 436 437Jonathan's changes\ 438 Fixed the logic for calculating when to switch from using a grid to using 439 the on-the-fly calculation of an image's pixels. The logic was not 440 handling disk video images sized above 2048x2048 with floating point enabled. 441 442 Added the savename to the disk video status screen. 443 444 Fixed bug in the compare routine of bn_math that fixes long standing problem 445 with periodicity checking in deep zoomed images. 446 447 Resurrected the documentation for ap_math that was at the beginning of bignum.c. 448 449 Added code to force periodicity=0 when the inside=atan feature is used. 450 451Patch 4 to Version 20.4.0\ 452Added minor changes so that Xfractint would compile under Cygwin. 453 454 Added lines to the Xfractint makefile (commented out) for compiling in a 455 64-bit environment. 456 457 Fixed Xfractint so that built in calls to a different map file would 458 work. 459 460 Modified the logic for calculating when to switch from using a grid 461 to using the on-the-fly calculation of an image's pixels. This affects 462 how large an image can be made when using integer math. The switch is 463 now made when (xdots + ydots) * sizeof(long) > 32768. 464 465 Pulled the WinFract version 18.21 source into the CVS repository source 466 tree. This code now runs but still has many many bugs. 467 468Patch 3 to Version 20.4.0\ 469Started the cleanup of the docs. Cleaned up the map directory. 470 471 Fixed the Xfractint Makefile so that install would run. Added an 472 uninstall. 473 474 Fixed Xfractint so that it can be run from an arbitrary directory and 475 still use the directory settings in sstools.ini. 476 477Patch 2 to Version 20.4.0\ 478Fixed the display coordinates so they won't change, after an image had been 479 zoomed, when the maintain screen coordinates parameter is set to yes. 480 481 Fixed the corner parameter screen and image parameter screen so that 482 rotating and/or skewing now doesn't get reset when changes are made. 483 484Patch 1 to Version 20.4.0\ 485Added the mathtolerance and orbit_delay parameters to values written 486 to PARs and GIFs. 487 488 Fixed how a mathtolerance parameter with a slash and a second number, but 489 no first number is read in. The slash was being interpreted as a double. 490 491 Stole the <p> key for use by passes options. If you are brave enough to 492 try it, printing is still available using <ctl-p>. 493 494 Put periodicity and orbit delay on the new <p> screen. There are currently 495 two drawing modes available for the passes=orbits option. The rect(angle) 496 method plots the orbits in a rectangle that can be zoomed, rotated, and 497 skewed using the <F6> corner parameter screen, and the straight line method 498 plots the orbits between two points specified on the <F6> corner parameter 499 screen. The orbit interval parameter plots every nth orbit. The maintain 500 screen coordinates parameter lets you zoom into an image changing the 501 coordinates of the line or rectangle used to generate the image, but keeps 502 the display coordinates, set on the <F2> screen, the same. 503 504 Updated the docs for center-mag and corners because center-mag is now the 505 default. 506 507 Restructured the source to make it easier to maintain. 508 509Version 20.4.0\ 510Incremented the version number to accommodate backwards compatibility for 511 the mandel based per-pixel routines that were not setting the Y variable. 512 513 Added a passes=o option that draws an image by plotting the orbits of the 514 escape time fractals and leaving them on the screen. This technique uses 515 the same coordinates to draw an image as the other passes options, sets 516 "passes=1" and no symmetry, and then plots the orbits for each pixel. 517 See {Drawing Method}. 518 519Xfractint fixes: 520 Fixed the newton and newtbasin types in Xfractint so they would work 521 without using the FPU=387 option. 522 523 Fixed the Xfractint mandelbrot code in calmanfp.c so that the image 524 generated matched the one produced by the StandardFractal() routine. 525 526 Fixed the outside=sum option when used with the mandel fractal type. 527 528 Fixed the command line option -geometry, which broke at 20.2.05. 529 530Patch 2 to Version 20.3.0\ 531Fixed the inability to reload a PAR created from an arbitrary precision 532 fractal with a large magnification. 533 534 Fixed the problem with a left mouse click not bringing up the zoom box 535 after an image is completed. 536 537 Incorporated Gerald Dobiasovsky's fix for the julibrot type when used 538 with quat and hypercomplex. 539 540 Fixed the display of subdirectories in Xfractint. 541 542 Replaced control characters in realdos.c with the equivalent ascii values 543 to quiet complaints by CVS. 544 545Patch 1\ 546Fixed the float bailout for the lambdafn fractal type when the EXP function 547 is used so the float and integer images match. 548 549 Jan Andres contributed Xfractint fixes that allow compiling with newer 550 versions of gcc because varargs.h is no longer supported. Enabled the 551 use of the long double type on Solaris. Moved the getwd() macro definition 552 in prompts1.c after the #include lines, to avoid the mess that happens when 553 the prototype for getwd() is included but it's already defined as a macro. 554 Added some Solaris-specific comments to the Makefile. 555 556 Fixed the sound in Xfractint so the beep turns off now. 557 558 Changed lsys.c to use inline1 instead of the reserved word inline. 559 560Version 20.3.0\ 561Incremented the version number to accommodate backwards compatibility for 562 the inside=atan and outside=atan options. 563 564 Fixed inside=atan and outside=atan to use the full color palette instead 565 of limiting to 180 colors. 566 567 Added Charlie Chernohorsky's virtual screen zoombox fix. See {View Window}. 568 569 Added Gerald Dobiasovsky's fixes for the demo key files needed because 570 of menu prompt changes and pan/zoom size changes. 571 572 Fixed evolver parameter entry. 573 574 Fixed hypercomplex fractal type to turn off symmetry when a cj parameter 575 is used. 576 577 Fixed the plasma type to show the value of the parameter that is actually 578 used in the image generation. 579 580 Fixed the plasma type so that a parameter file uses the colors included 581 in the parameter entry instead of the default colors. 582 583 Revised the plasma type prompt to reflect the values that can actually be 584 used. 585 586 Increased the Lsystem line length from 160 characters to 255 characters. 587 588 Fixed the browser so that it recognized the fractal type stored in images. 589 590 Fixed the Xfractint FPUcplxdiv and FPUcplxlog routines in fpu087.c to 591 match the Fractint assembler code. 592 593 Modified the Xfractint resume code to remove the Xfractint specific 594 sections since they are no longer needed (gcc macros match MSC macros). 595 596Patch 5\ 597Made changes to allow Xfractint to find files that use upper case letters. 598 599 Fixed a problem with the Cellular type that prevented entering an initial 600 row of greater than 32767 from working. Added a message about not being 601 able to resume after interrupting prior to rows being displayed on screen. 602 603 Fixed an evolver bug which caused setting evolver parameters to turn 604 evolving on, even though evolving was actually turned off. 605 606 Added Charlie Chernohorsky's truecolor speed up and his implementation 607 of virtual screen sizes for the VESA modes (dotmode=28). This feature 608 does not work consistently between different video cards, so it may be 609 turned off by using the startup command "virtual=n". 610 Use the <V> screen to set the desired virtual screen size. See 611 {View Window}. Please remember that if either X or Y is greater than 2048, 612 solid guessing is turned off. This is for multiple reasons, so it is 613 likely it will NOT get fixed soon. There is also a problem with the 614 colorbars that appear when saving an image leaving bits of corruption 615 on the screen. This occurs in all the VESA truecolor modes. 616 617 Added Charlie to the scrolling list of contributors. 618 619 Added Charlie's fix for the l-system type which occurred when a push-pop 620 combination was on two different lines. 621 622 Fixed the PAGE-UP/PAGE-DN zoombox in Xfractint so that it now appears on 623 the screen. Fixed ranges= in Xfractint so GIFs save correctly and 624 program doesn't end abruptly. 625 626Patch 4\ 627Modified the Xfractint makefile and source files to allow compiling 628 without an assembler. 629 630Patch 3\ 631This patch ran the Xfractint code through -Wall to clear up most of the 632 warnings. Updated the Xfractint man page. Turned on compiler 633 optimizations. 634 635 Fixed the documentation for the Latoocarfian fractal type thanks to 636 comments by Pierre Desjardins on the Fractint Bug List. 637 638Patch 2\ 639This patch adds the assembly language version of the mandelbrot code to 640 Xfractint. To use it, it is necessary to place the command line switch 641 fpu=387 in your sstools.ini file. The NASM assembler was used, but if you 642 don't have it available, not to worry, the object file is included. 643 644 Modified the Xfractint C mandelbrot code to match the assembly version. 645 646Patch 1\ 647Made a small change to the quickcalc logic used to recalculate the inside 648 pixels only when the iteration count is increased with a completed image. 649 Interrupting and resuming the calculation was leaving extra pixels on the 650 screen. 651 652 Patched the Xfractint fractint.h file to match the DOS version. 653 654 Fixed an Xfractint problem with color depths greater than 16 bits per pixel. 655 656Version 20.2.0\ 657Incremented the version number to accommodate backwards compatibility for 658 the logmap option. 659 660 Modified the logmap routine so that the color with index # 2 would be 661 displayed. 662 663 Added a logmode=auto command line option that causes the logmap to adjust 664 automatically when zooming. Changing almost anything will turn this 665 feature off. It is best set using the <g> screen prompt. 666 667 Edited the help docs to document the move of the development area from 668 Compuserve to the web. 669 670Patch 13\ 671Added parameters p4 and p5 to the evolver. This required splitting the 672 tweak central screen into two pages. 673 674 Fixed an evolver bug that was causing the evolver to not exit cleanly. 675 676 Changed the compile options on evolve.c to eliminate aliasing, which 677 started to cause problems with this patch. 678 679Patch 12\ 680Fixed a problem with a finished image not redrawing if the maxiter was 681 increased and another parameter was changed. 682 683 Added checks for p3, p4, and p5 to the browser for determining similar 684 images. 685 686Xfractint fixes: 687 Fixed the command line -disk segmentation fault. 688 689 Fixed the Shell to Linux/Unix segmentation fault and the displayed prompt. 690 691 Fixed the bug causing colors= data to be incorrect when in a truecolor mode. 692 693 Removed or commented out extra lines of code and some experimental 694 routines. Some of this code was stealing key strokes. 695 696 Changed the prompt for getting to the second <TAB> screen. 697 698Patch 11\ 699Fixed a bug that caused a panned image to miss part of a line when the 700 image was panned while the first row was being generated. 701 702 Adjusted the time for keyboard checks when the showdot feature is used. Now 703 the iterations stop much quicker when a key is pressed. 704 705 Fixed a problem with the float-only version that appeared when an incomplete 706 image was saved and restarted in the standard version. 707 708 Fixed a problem in Xfractint pointed out by Ken on the Fractint bug list. 709 710Patch 10\ 711Took out a sanity check in the VESA detection routines that certain graphics 712 cards don't pass, but work fine anyway. 713 714Patch 9\ 715Fixed evolver bug that occurred when some formula functions were evolved 716 and others were not being evolved. 717 718 Fixed a bug in the float-only version which truncated the image 719 coordinates when saved to a PAR. 720 721Patch 8\ 722Added truecolor support to Fractint thanks to Bert Tyler. While in a 723 truecolor mode, the following features are disabled/changed:\ 724 Color Cycling\ 725 Palette Editor brings up the contents of the MAP directory\ 726 Saving the image still only produces a 256 color GIF\ 727 728 Removed Bert's truecolor test code used with the test fractal type. 729 730Patch 7\ 731Fixed a bug which caused the float only version to omit the name of the 732 formula/lsystem/ifs in saved GIFs. Fixed the julia_inverse fractal type 733 broken with the first patch to version 20.0. 734 735 Incorporated Gerald Dobiasovsky's fix to make the background= command work. 736 737 Added truecolor support to Xfractint thanks to Rich Thomson and Jean-Pierre 738 Demailly. 739 740 Additional Xfractint fixes include the mandelcloud type and outside=atan 741 when used with type=mandel. 742 743Patch 6\ 744Once again fixed the assignment of hotkeys to video modes so that the 745 fractint.cfg file is no longer corrupted. This problem was caused by 746 the section of code dealing with the true-color video modes. 747 748Patch 5\ 749Updated the disk video help docs. The limit of disk video has been 750 32767x32767 since version 20.0. 751 752 Fixed the tab and evolver screens so that not using formula parameters 753 consecutively starting with p1 now displays the parameters properly. 754 The p4 and p5 parameters have still not been added to the evolver. 755 756 Setting directories in sstools.ini can now be done relative to the 757 current directory. For example: .\\frm\\fract200.frm 758 759Patch 4\ 760Modified the per image startup code for the circle type to turn off the 761 inside= option if startrail is used. Since the inside=startrail option 762 was locking up Fractint, no backwards compatibility is available. 763 764 Made changes to the code for how sizeof() was being used. This fixes a 765 long standing problem with the cellular type in Xfractint. 766 767 Modified the hard coded reading of GIF files in Xfractint to eliminate 768 the error message received after patch 3 changed the fractal_info 769 structure. 770 771 Fixed a problem with the Xfractint parameter, formula, and lsystem screens. 772 773Patch 3\ 774Fixed the incremental redraw so that interrupting the redraw no longer sets 775 passes=1. 776 777 Added a command line option, nobof=yes, which allows the inside=bof60 and 778 bof61 options to function like the rest of the inside options. With 779 nobof=yes the images in "The Beauty of Fractals" are no longer reproduced. 780 781 Increased the usable bailout values when using arbitrary precision math. 782 This is the best I can do with my minimal understanding of the ap-math 783 routines. If you are seeing extraneous pixels on your ap-math images when 784 you use a high bailout, lower the bailout until they go away. 785 786 Made a change to the tab display routine to correct a problem with 787 displaying parameters when returning from the F6 and control-tab screens. 788 789Patch 2\ 790Backed out the changes to the savegraphics() and restoregraphics() routines. 791 792Patch 1\ 793Fixed the <TAB> display screen so the video memory doesn't get overwritten. 794 This clears up the problem with extraneous dots with some fractal types. 795 It should be possible to remove the textsafe=save from your sstools.ini 796 file. 797 798 Added Iain Stirling to the scrolling credits screen for his contribution 799 of the inside=fmod and outside=fmod options. 800 801 Reworded the error message received when more memory is requested than 802 is available on your disk drive. 803 804 The background= parameter, for 3D TGA files, is now saved to a PAR entry. 805 806 Fixed the error message that appears when a parsing error occurs on 807 startup. 808 809 Cleaned up the savegraphics() and restoregraphics() routines. This should 810 make them faster. 811 812Version 20.1.0\ 813Incremented the version number to accommodate backwards compatibility for 814 the inside=fmod option. 815 816 Fixed the assignment of hotkeys to video modes so that the fractint.cfg 817 file is no longer corrupted. Made the showdot= feature reset with <INS> 818 if it is entered using the <g> screen. Added a check for the video size 819 before invoking the palette editor. Too small a size would crash Fractint. 820 821 Fixed an extraseg conflict which occurred with arbitrary precision when 822 the <tab> key was used with various screens open (x,y,b). This conflict 823 also occurred when loading an ap math image at the video selection screen. 824 Cleaned up some of the ap math initialization code. 825 826 Fixed an obscure bug that left memory allocated when an unfinished image 827 was being reloaded, but a video mode was not selected (escape was pressed). 828 829 Added outside=fmod option. This is an extension of the inside=fmod option. 830 The magnitude used for the comparison is now based on the same calculation as 831 is used for the bailout test. This feature was contributed by Iain Stirling. 832 There is a problem with the mandel fractal type when outside=fmod is used 833 with inside=bof6x and bailoutest=real, imag, or manr. This is likely due 834 to changes made in the code so that bof images could be reproduced. Select 835 a different fractal type that produces the default mandel image to explore 836 using these parameters. 837 838 Added outside=tdis option. This colors the pixels according to the total 839 distance traveled by the orbit. This feature was suggested by Steve Robinson 840 on the Fractint Wish List. 841 842 Modified the inside and outside prompts on the <x> screen. They are now 843 split into two separate prompts. One for entering a color number and the 844 other for changing the option. The left and right arrow keys can now be 845 used to change the inside and outside options. 846 847 Fixed a bug that was causing a crash when mathtolerance= was used and 848 fractal types ifs, ifs3d, or lsystem were selected. 849 850 Increased the minimum stack requirement for passes=s (SOI) to eliminate 851 crashes when the tab key was pressed. 852 853Patch 15\ 854Added a prompt for the periodicity= option to the <y> Extended Options 855 screen. 856 857 Fixed another prompt problem with the stereogram prompt screen. 858 Put back in the evolver grid size limit based on screen resolution. 859 860 Fixed an evolver save problem when a zoom box was present just prior to 861 the save. Note that the center image cannot be recreated once the 862 zoom box has been activated. This is not a problem if you are working 863 from a saved image, just restore it. 864 865 Modified the routine that reports a view window that is too large so that 866 along with the full screen being used, the X and Y dimensions on the <v> 867 screen reflect the full screen dimensions. 868 869 The <v> screen can now be used to set the resolution of disk video 870 modes. The limit is 32767x32767. First select a disk video mode using 871 <del>. Then on the <v> screen enter both an X and a Y value. If you go 872 back to the <del> screen to see if the entry has been modified (it hasn't), 873 you will get strange results if you don't select a video mode. 874 875Patch 14\ 876Fixed the generation of random numbers used by the evolver subimages. 877 Fixed the bug causing completed evolver images to regenerate when 878 restored. 879 880Patch 13\ 881Added parameters p4 and p5 to the formula parser. Fixed the symmetry 882 for cases where XAXIS_NOREAL and XAXIS_NOIMAG are used with the formula 883 parser and multiple parameters are used. Each parameter is now checked. 884 885Patch 12\ 886Fixed a 3D error introduced with patch 11. Fixed the stereogram screen 887 prompts to prevent out of bounds array accesses. 888 889Patch 11\ 890Fixed an off by one error in the Xfractint type=julia code. Fixed the case 891 where the second image would not finish generating when the 3D parameter 892 Stereo=photo or stereo pair was used with an orbit type such as Lorenz. 893 894Patch 10\ 895Fixed some user interface prompts that were wrong in Xfractint. Merged the 896 Xfractint version system with Fractint's. Thanks to Scott Boyd for 897 these changes. 898 899Patch 9\ 900Fixed a bug that occurred when maxhistory=0 was used. Fixed a bug that 901 occurred when ismand was used in a formula and ctrl <o> was pressed. 902 903Patch 8\ 904Fixed a bug causing a lock up with lsystem and ifs fractal types when using 905 a disk video mode with an X or Y resolution greater than 2048. 906 907Patch 7\ 908Updated Xfractint, copyright notice. 909 910Patch 6\ 911Fixed fractint.cfg problems with extra commas or long lines. This allows 912 the output of makefcfg from certain video boards to be used without 913 editing. 914 915Added center, magxmag, and rotskew constants to parser. See 916 {=@PREDEFCENTERMAG Center-Mag Predefined Variables} 917 918Patch 5\ 919Added new command truemode=iter, which is used to switch the ouput to the 920 truecolor Targa file to the number of iterates for each pixel. 921 922Made selecting the evolver feature turn off truecolor=yes. Each subimage was 923 being generated as a separate blank Targa file. 924 925Patch 4\ 926Fixed the type=test bug. 927 928Patch 3\ 929Fixed a bug in the pentium mandelbrot code that affected periodicity 930 checking. Fixed a problem with skewed zoom boxes leaving dots on the 931 screen. This also fixed browser boxes with the same problem. Fixed 932 the zoom box so it is visible in 2-color modes. 933 934Patch 2\ 935Fixed a bug in the formula parser. 936 937Patch 1\ 938Fixed the 2 and 16 color disk-video modes. Using truecolor=yes now 939 results in writing a fractxxx.tga file instead of iterates.tga. This 940 is not the same thing, so if somebody wants the output of the iterates.tga 941 file, let us know. Fixed the 3D targa modes. 942 943~OnlineFF 944 945For information on previous versions, see { Revision History }. 946; 947; 948; 949~Topic=Introduction 950FRACTINT plots and manipulates images of "objects" -- actually, sets of 951mathematical points -- that have fractal dimension. 952See {"Fractals and the PC"} for some 953historical and mathematical background on fractal geometry, a discipline 954named and popularized by mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot. For now, these 955sets of points have three important properties: 956 9571) They are generated by relatively simple calculations repeated over and 958over, feeding the results of each step back into the next -- something 959computers can do very rapidly. 960 9612) They are, quite literally, infinitely complex: they reveal more and 962more detail without limit as you plot smaller and smaller areas. Fractint 963lets you "zoom in" by positioning a small box and hitting <Enter> to 964redraw the boxed area at full-screen size; its maximum linear 965"magnification" is over a trillionfold. 966 9673) They can be astonishingly beautiful, especially using PC color 968displays' ability to assign colors to selected points, and (with VGA 969displays or EGA in 640x350x16 mode) to "animate" the images by quickly 970shifting those color assignments. 971~OnlineFF 972 973For a demonstration of some of Fractint's features, run the demonstration 974file included with this release (DEMO.BAT) by typing "demo" at the DOS 975prompt. You can stop the demonstration at any time by pressing <Esc>. 976 977The name FRACTINT was chosen because the program generates many of its 978images using INTeger math, rather than the floating point calculations 979used by most such programs. That means that you don't need a math co- 980processor chip (aka floating point unit or FPU), although for a few 981fractal types where floating point math is faster, the program recognizes 982and automatically uses an 80x87 chip if it's present. It's even faster on 983systems using Intel's 80386 and 80486 microprocessors, where the integer 984math can be executed in their native 32-bit mode. 985 986Fractint works with many adapters and graphics modes from CGA to the 9871024x768, 256-color XGA mode. Even "larger" images, up to 32767x32767x256, 988can be plotted to expanded memory, extended memory, or disk: this bypasses 989the screen and allows you to create images with higher resolution than 990your current display can handle, and to run in "background" under multi- 991tasking control programs such as DESQview and Windows 3. 992~OnlineFF 993 994Fractint is an experiment in collaboration. Many volunteers have joined 995Bert Tyler, the program's first author, in improving successive versions. 996Through electronic mail messages, CompuServe's GO GRAPHICS forums, 997new versions are hacked out and debugged a little at a time. 998Fractint was born fast, and none of us has seen any other fractal plotter 999close to the present version for speed, versatility, and all-around 1000wonderfulness. (If you have, tell us so we can steal somebody else's ideas 1001instead of each other's.) 1002See {The Stone Soup Story} and {A Word About the Authors} for information 1003about the authors, and see {Contacting the Authors} for how to contribute 1004your own ideas and code. 1005; 1006; 1007; 1008~Topic=Conditions on Use 1009 1010Fractint is freeware. The copyright is retained by the Stone Soup Group. 1011 1012Fractint may be freely copied and distributed in unmodified form but may 1013not be sold. (A nominal distribution fee may be charged for media and 1014handling by freeware and shareware distributors.) Fractint may be used 1015personally or in a business - if you can do your job better by using 1016Fractint, or using images from it, that's great! It may not be given away 1017with commercial products without explicit permission from the Stone Soup 1018Group. 1019 1020There is no warranty of Fractint's suitability for any purpose, nor any 1021acceptance of liability, express or implied. 1022 1023 **********************************************************************\ 1024 * Contribution policy: Don't want money. Got money. Want admiration. *\ 1025 ********************************************************************** 1026~OnlineFF 1027 1028Source code for Fractint is also freely available - see 1029{Distribution of Fractint}. 1030See the FRACTSRC.DOC file included with the source for conditions on use. 1031(In most cases we just want credit.) 1032; 1033; 1034; 1035~Topic=Getting Started 1036 1037To start the program, enter FRACTINT at the DOS prompt. The program 1038displays an initial "credits" screen. If Fractint doesn't start properly, 1039please see {Common Problems}. 1040 1041Hitting <Enter> gets you from the initial screen to the main menu. You can 1042select options from the menu by moving the highlight with the cursor arrow 1043keys 1044~Doc- 1045(\24 \25 \27 \26) 1046~Doc+ 1047and pressing <Enter>, or you can enter commands directly. 1048 1049As soon as you select a video mode, Fractint begins drawing an image - the 1050"full" Mandelbrot set if you haven't selected another fractal type. 1051 1052For a quick start, after starting Fractint try one of the following:\ 1053 If you have MCGA, VGA, or better: <F3>\ 1054 If you have EGA: <F9>\ 1055 If you have CGA: <F5>\ 1056 Otherwise, monochrome: <F6> 1057 1058After the initial Mandelbrot image has been displayed, try zooming 1059into it (see {Zoom Box Commands}) and color cycling (see 1060{Color Cycling Commands}). 1061Once you're comfortable with these basics, start exploring other 1062functions from the main menu. 1063 1064Help is available from the menu and at most other points in Fractint by 1065pressing the <F1> key. 1066 1067AT ANY TIME, you can hit 1068~Doc- 1069one of the keys described in {Display Mode Commands} 1070~Doc+,Online- 1071a command key 1072~Online+ 1073to select a function. You do not need to wait for a calculation 1074to finish, nor do you have to return to the main menu. 1075 1076When entering commands, note that for the "typewriter" keys, upper and 1077lower case are equivalent, e.g. <B> and <b> have the same result. 1078 1079Many commands and parameters can be passed to FRACTINT as command-line 1080arguments or read from a configuration file; 1081~Doc- 1082see {Startup Parameters\, Parameter Files} for details. 1083~Doc+,Online- 1084see "Command Line Parameters, Parameter Files, Batch Mode" for details. 1085~Online+ 1086; 1087; 1088; 1089~Topic=Display Mode Commands 1090; 1091; This topic is online only 1092 1093~Format- 1094 { Summary of Commands } 1095 { Plotting Commands} 1096 { Zoom Box Commands } 1097 { Image Save/Restore Commands } 1098 { Print Command } 1099 { Parameter Save/Restore Commands } 1100 { Interrupting and Resuming } 1101 { Orbits Window } 1102 { View Window } 1103 { \"3D\" Commands } 1104 { Video Mode Function Keys } 1105 { Browse Commands } 1106 { Evolver Commands } 1107 { RDS Commands } 1108 { Hints } 1109; 1110; 1111; 1112~Topic=Summary of Commands, Label=HELPMAIN 1113; This topic is online only 1114~Doc- 1115 1116Hit any of these keys at the menu or while drawing or viewing a fractal. 1117Commands marked with an '*' are also available at the credits screen. 1118 1119~Format- 1120{Plotting Commands} 1121 * Delete,F2,F3,.. Select a Video Mode and draw (or redraw) current fractal 1122 * F1 HELP! (Enter help mode) 1123 Esc or m Go to main menu 1124 h Redraw previous screen (you can 'back out' recursively) 1125 Ctrl-H Redraw next screen in history circular buffer 1126 Tab Display information about the current fractal image 1127 * t Select a new fractal type and parameters 1128 * x Set a number of options and doodads 1129 * y Set extended options and doodads 1130 * z Set fractal type-specific parameters 1131 p Set passes options 1132 c or + or - Enter Color-Cycling Mode (see {=HELPCYCLING Color Cycling Commands}) 1133 e Enter Palette-Editing Mode (see {=HELPXHAIR Palette Editing Commands}) 1134 Spacebar Mandelbrot/Julia Set toggle. 1135 Enter Continue an interrupted calculation (e.g. after a save) 1136 * f toggle the floating-point algorithm option ON or OFF 1137 * i Set parameters for 3D fractal types 1138 * Insert Restart Fractint 1139 * u List of contributors 1140 a Convert the current image into a fractal 'starfield' 1141 Ctrl-A Turn on screen-eating ant automaton 1142 Ctrl-S Convert current image to a Random Dot Stereogram (RDS) 1143 o toggles 'orbits' option on and off during image generation 1144 * d Shell to DOS (type 'exit' at the DOS prompt to return) 1145 Ctrl-X Flip the current image along the screen's X-axis 1146 Ctrl-Y Flip the current image along the screen's Y-axis 1147 Ctrl-Z Flip the current image along the screen's Origin 1148 1149{Image Save/Restore Commands} 1150 s Save the current screen image to disk 1151 * r Restore a saved (or .GIF) image ('3' or 'o' for 3-D) 1152 1153{Orbits Window} 1154 o Turns on Orbits Window mode after image generation 1155 ctrl-o Turns on Orbits Window mode 1156 1157{View Window} 1158 * v Set view window parameters (reduction, aspect ratio) 1159 1160{Print Command} 1161 ctrl-p Print the screen (command-line options set printer type) 1162 1163{Parameter Save/Restore Commands} 1164 b Save commands describing the current image in a file 1165 (writes an entry to be used with @ command) 1166 * @ or 2 Run a set of commands (in command line format) from a file 1167 g Give a startup parameter: {Summary of all Parameters} 1168 1169{\"3D\" Commands} 1170 * 3 3D transform a saved (or .GIF) image 1171 # (shift-3) same as 3, but overlay the current image 1172 1173{Zoom Box Commands} 1174 PageUp When no Zoom Box is active, bring one up 1175 When active already, shrink it 1176 PageDown Expand the Zoom Box 1177 Expanding past the screen size cancels the Zoom Box 1178 \24 \25 \27 \26 Pan (Move) the Zoom Box 1179 Ctrl- \24 \25 \27 \26 Fast-Pan the Zoom Box (may require an enhanced keyboard) 1180 Enter Redraw the Screen or area inside the Zoom Box 1181 Ctrl-Enter 'Zoom-out' - expands the image so that your current 1182 image is positioned inside the current zoom-box location. 1183 Ctrl-Pad+/Pad- Rotate the Zoom Box 1184 Ctrl-PgUp/PgDn Change Zoom Box vertical size (change its aspect ratio) 1185 Ctrl-Home/End Change Zoom Box shape 1186 Ctrl-Ins/Del Change Zoom Box color 1187 1188{Interrupting and Resuming} 1189 1190{Video Mode Function Keys} 1191 1192{Browse Commands} 1193 L(ook) Enter Browsing Mode 1194 1195{Evolver Commands} 1196 Ctrl-E Bring up {=HELPEVOL explorer/evolver} control screen 1197 Alt-1 ... Alt-7 Enter evolver mode with selected level of 1198 mutation: Alt-1 = low level, Alt-7 = maximum. 1199 (dont use the keypad, just the 'top row' numbers) 1200 When in evolve mode then just plain 1..7 also work 1201 1202{RDS Commands} 1203 Ctrl-S Access RDS parameter screen 1204 1205~Doc+ 1206; 1207; 1208; 1209~Topic=Plotting Commands 1210Function keys & various combinations are used to select a video mode and 1211redraw the screen. For a quick start try one of the following:\ 1212 If you have MCGA, VGA, or better: <F3>\ 1213 If you have EGA: <F9>\ 1214 If you have CGA: <F5>\ 1215 Otherwise, monochrome: <F6>\ 1216 1217<F1>\ 1218Display a help screen. The function keys available in help mode are 1219displayed at the bottom of the help screen. 1220 1221<M> or <Esc>\ 1222Return from a displayed image to the main menu. 1223 1224<Esc>\ 1225From the main menu, <Esc> is used to exit from Fractint. 1226 1227<Delete>\ 1228Same as choosing "select video mode" from the main menu. 1229Goes to the "select video mode" screen. See {Video Mode Function Keys}. 1230 1231<h>\ 1232Redraw the previous image in the circular history buffer, revisiting fractals 1233you previously generated this session in reverse order. Fractint saves 1234the last ten images worth of information including fractal type, coordinates, 1235colors, and all options. Image information is saved only when some item 1236changes. After ten images the circular buffer wraps around and earlier 1237information is overwritten. You can set image capacity of the history feature 1238using the maxhistory=<nnn> command. About 1200 bytes of memory is required 1239for each image slot. 1240 1241<Ctrl-h>\ 1242Redraw the next image in the circular history buffer. Use this to return to 1243images you passed by when using <h>. 1244 1245<Tab>\ 1246Display the current fractal type, parameters, video mode, screen or (if 1247displayed) zoom-box coordinates, maximum iteration count, and other 1248information useful in keeping track of where you are. The Tab function is 1249non-destructive - if you press it while in the midst of generating an 1250image, you will continue generating it when you return. The Tab function 1251tells you if your image is still being generated or has finished - a handy 1252feature for those overnight, 1024x768 resolution fractal images. If the 1253image is incomplete, it also tells you whether it can be interrupted and 1254resumed. (Any function other than <Tab> and <F1> counts as an 1255"interrupt".) 1256 1257The Tab screen also includes a pixel-counting function, which will count 1258the number of pixels colored in the inside color. This gives an estimate 1259of the area of the fractal. Note that the inside color must be different 1260from the outside color(s) for this to work; inside=0 is a good choice. 1261 1262<T>\ 1263Select a fractal type. Move the cursor to your choice (or type the first 1264few letters of its name) and hit <Enter>. Next you will be prompted for 1265any parameters used by the selected type - hit <Enter> for the defaults. 1266See {Fractal Types} for a list of supported types. 1267 1268<F>\ 1269Toggles the use of floating-point algorithms 1270(see {"Limitations of Integer Math (And How We Cope)"}). 1271Whether floating point is in 1272use is shown on the <Tab> status screen. The floating point option can 1273also be turned on and off using the "X" options screen. 1274If you have a non-Intel floating point chip which supports the full 387 1275instruction set, see the "FPU=" command in {Startup Parameters} 1276to get the most out of your chip. 1277 1278<X>\ 1279Select a number of eXtended options. Brings up a full-screen menu of 1280options, any of which you can change at will. These options are:\ 1281 "passes=" - see {Drawing Method}\ 1282 Floating point toggle - see <F> key description above\ 1283 "maxiter=" - see {Image Calculation Parameters}\ 1284 "inside=" and "outside=" - see {Color Parameters}\ 1285 "savename=" filename - see {File Parameters}\ 1286 "overwrite=" option - see {File Parameters}\ 1287 "sound=" option - see {Sound Parameters}\ 1288 "logmap=" - see {Logarithmic Palettes and Color Ranges}\ 1289 "biomorph=" - see {Biomorphs}\ 1290 "decomp=" - see {Decomposition}\ 1291 "fillcolor=" - see {Drawing Method}\ 1292 1293<Y>\ 1294More options which we couldn't fit under the <X> command:\ 1295 "finattract=" - see {Finite Attractors}\ 1296 "potential=" parameters - see {Continuous Potential}\ 1297 "invert=" parameters - see {Inversion}\ 1298 "distest=" parameters - see {Distance Estimator Method}\ 1299 "cyclerange=" - see {Color Cycling Commands}\ 1300 1301<P>\ 1302Options that apply to the Passes feature:\ 1303 "periodicity=" - see {Periodicity Logic}\ 1304 "orbitdelay=" - see {Passes Parameters}\ 1305 "orbitinterval=" - see {Passes Parameters}\ 1306 "screencoords=" - see {Passes Parameters}\ 1307 "orbitdrawmode=" - see {Passes Parameters}\ 1308 1309<Z>\ 1310Modify the parameters specific to the currently selected fractal type. 1311This command lets you modify the parameters which are requested when you 1312select a new fractal type with the <T> command, without having to repeat 1313that selection. You can enter "e" or "p" in column one of the input fields 1314to get the numbers e and pi (2.71828... and 3.14159...).\ 1315From the fractal parameters screen, you can press <F6> to bring up a 1316sub parameter screen for the coordinates of the image's corners. 1317With selected fractal types, <Z> allows you to change the {Bailout Test}. 1318; With the IFS fractal type, <Z> brings up the IFS editor (see 1319; {=HT_IFS Barnsley IFS Fractals}). 1320 1321<+> or <->\ 1322Switch to color-cycling mode and begin cycling the palette 1323by shifting each color to the next "contour." See {Color Cycling Commands}.\ 1324 1325<C>\ 1326Switch to color-cycling mode but do not start cycling. 1327The normally black "overscan" border of the screen changes to white. 1328See {Color Cycling Commands}. 1329 1330<E>\ 1331Enter Palette-Editing Mode. See {Palette Editing Commands}. 1332 1333<Spacebar>\ 1334Toggle between Mandelbrot set images and their corresponding Julia-set 1335images. Read the notes in {=HT_JULIA Fractal Types, Julia Sets} 1336before trying this option if you want to see anything interesting. 1337 1338<J>\ 1339Toggle between Julia escape time fractal and the Inverse Julia orbit 1340fractal. See {=HT_INVERSE Inverse Julias} 1341 1342<Enter>\ 1343Enter is used to resume calculation after a pause. It is only 1344necessary to do this when there is a message on the screen waiting to be 1345acknowledged, such as the message shown after you save an image to disk. 1346 1347<I>\ 1348Modify 3D transformation parameters used with 3D fractal types such as 1349"Lorenz3D" and 3D "IFS" definitions, including the selection of 1350{=HELP3DGLASSES "funny glasses"} red/blue 3D. 1351 1352<A>\ 1353Convert the current image into a fractal 'starfield'. See {Starfields}. 1354 1355<Ctrl-A>\ 1356Unleash an image-eating ant automaton on current image. See {Ant Automaton}. 1357 1358<Ctrl-S> (or <k>)\ 1359Convert the current image into a Random Dot Stereogram (RDS). 1360See {Random Dot Stereograms (RDS)}. 1361 1362<O> (the letter, not the number)\ 1363If pressed while an image is being generated, toggles the display of 1364intermediate results -- the "orbits" Fractint uses as it calculates values 1365for each point. Slows the display a bit, but shows you how clever the 1366program is behind the scenes. (See "A Little Code" in 1367{"Fractals and the PC"}.) 1368 1369<D>\ 1370Shell to DOS. Return to Fractint by entering "exit" at a DOS prompt. 1371(Not Xfractint) 1372 1373<Insert>\ 1374Restart at the "credits" screen and reset most variables to their initial 1375state. Variables which are not reset are: savename, lightname, video, 1376startup filename. 1377 1378<U>\ 1379Display the "credits" screen. 1380 1381<L>\ 1382Enter Browsing Mode. See {Browse Commands}. 1383 1384<Ctrl-E>\ 1385Enter Explorer/Evolver Mode. See {Evolver Commands}. 1386; 1387; 1388; 1389~Topic=Zoom Box Commands, Label=HELPZOOM 1390 1391Zoom Box functions can be invoked while an image is being generated or when 1392it has been completely drawn. Zooming is supported for most fractal types, 1393but not all. 1394 1395The general approach to using the zoom box is: Frame an area using 1396the keys described below, 1397then <Enter> to expand what's in the frame to fill the 1398whole screen (zoom in); or <Ctrl><Enter> to shrink the current image into 1399the framed area (zoom out). With a mouse, double-click the left button to 1400zoom in, double click the right button to zoom out. 1401 1402<Page Up>, <Page Down>\ 1403Use <Page Up> to initially bring up the zoom box. It starts at full screen 1404size. Subsequent use of these keys makes the zoom box smaller or larger. 1405Using <Page Down> to enlarge the zoom box when it is already at maximum 1406size removes the zoom box from the display. Moving the mouse away from you 1407or toward you while holding the left button down performs the same 1408functions as these keys. 1409 1410Using the cursor "arrow" keys 1411~Doc- 1412(\24 \25 \27 \26) 1413~Doc+ 1414or moving 1415the mouse without holding any buttons down, moves the zoom box. 1416 1417Holding <Ctrl> while pressing cursor "arrow" keys moves the box 5 times 1418faster. (This only works with enhanced keyboards.) 1419 1420Panning: If you move a fullsize zoombox and don't change anything else 1421before performing the zoom, Fractint just moves what's already on the 1422screen and then fills in the new edges, to reduce drawing time. This 1423feature applies to most fractal types but not all. A side effect is that 1424while an image is incomplete, a full size zoom box moves in steps larger 1425than one pixel. Fractint keeps the box on multiple pixel boundaries, to 1426make panning possible. As a multi-pass (e.g. solid guessing) image 1427approaches completion, the zoom box can move in smaller increments. 1428 1429In addition to resizing the zoom box and moving it around, you can do some 1430rather warped things with it. If you're a new Fractint user, we recommend 1431skipping the rest of the zoom box functions for now and coming back to 1432them when you're comfortable with the basic zoom box functions. 1433 1434<Ctrl><Keypad->, <Ctrl><Keypad+>\ 1435Holding <Ctrl> and pressing the numeric keypad's + or - keys rotates the 1436zoom box. Moving the mouse left or right while holding the right button 1437down performs the same function. 1438 1439<Ctrl><Page Up>, <Ctrl><Page Down>\ 1440These commands change the zoom box's "aspect ratio", stretching or 1441shrinking it vertically. Moving the mouse away from you or toward you 1442while holding both buttons (or the middle button on a 3-button mouse) down 1443performs the same function. There are no commands to directly stretch or 1444shrink the zoom box horizontally - the same effect can be achieved by 1445combining vertical stretching and resizing. 1446 1447<Ctrl><Home>, <Ctrl><End>\ 1448These commands "skew" the zoom box, moving the top and bottom edges in 1449opposite directions. Moving the mouse left or right while holding both 1450buttons (or the middle button on a 3-button mouse) down performs the same 1451function. There are no commands to directly skew the left and right edges 1452- the same effect can be achieved by using these functions combined with 1453rotation. 1454 1455<Ctrl><Insert>, <Ctrl><Delete>\ 1456These commands change the zoom box color. This is useful when you're 1457having trouble seeing the zoom box against the colors around it. Moving 1458the mouse away from you or toward you while holding the right button down 1459performs the same function. 1460 1461You may find it difficult to figure out what combination of size, position 1462rotation, stretch, and skew to use to get a particular result. (We do.)\ 1463A good way to get a feel for all these functions is to play with the 1464Gingerbreadman fractal type. Gingerbreadman's shape makes it easy to 1465see what you're doing to him. A warning though: Gingerbreadman will run 1466forever, he's never quite done! So, pre-empt with your next zoom when he's 1467baked enough. 1468 1469If you accidentally change your zoom box shape or rotate and 1470forget which way is up, just use <PageDown> to make it bigger until it 1471disappears, then <PageUp> to get a fresh one. With a 1472mouse, after removing the old zoom box from the display release and 1473re-press the left button for a fresh one. 1474 1475If your screen does not have a 4:3 "aspect ratio" (i.e. if the visible 1476display area on it is not 1.333 times as wide as it is high), rotating and 1477zooming will have some odd effects - angles will change, including the 1478zoom box's shape itself, circles (if you are so lucky as to see any with a 1479non-standard aspect ratio) become non-circular, and so on. The vast 1480majority of PC screens *do* have a 4:3 aspect ratio. 1481 1482Zooming is not implemented for the plasma and diffusion fractal types, nor 1483for overlayed and 3D images. A few fractal types support zooming but 1484do not support rotation and skewing - nothing happens when you try it. 1485; 1486; 1487; 1488~Topic=Image Save/Restore Commands, Label=HELPSAVEREST 1489 1490<S> saves the current image to disk. All parameters required to recreate 1491the image are saved with it. Progress is marked by colored lines moving 1492down the screen's edges. 1493 1494The default filename for the first image saved after starting Fractint is 1495FRACT001.GIF; subsequent saves in the same session are automatically 1496incremented 002, 003... Use the "savename=" parameter or <X> options 1497screen to change the name. By default, files left over from previous 1498sessions are not overwritten - the first unused FRACTnnn name is used. 1499Use the "overwrite=yes" parameter or <X> options screen) to overwrite 1500existing files. 1501 1502A save operation can be interrupted by pressing any key. If you interrupt, 1503you'll be asked whether to keep or discard the partial file. 1504 1505<R> restores an image previously saved with <S>, or an ordinary GIF file. 1506After pressing <R> you are shown the file names in the current directory 1507which match the current file mask. To select a file to restore, move the 1508cursor to it (or type the first few letters of its name) and press 1509<Enter>. 1510 1511Directories are shown in the file list with a \"\\\" at the end of the name. 1512When you select a directory, the contents of that directory are shown. Or, 1513you can type the name of a different directory (and optionally a different 1514drive) and press <Enter> for a new display. You can also type a mask such 1515as "*.XYZ" and press <Enter> to display files whose name ends with the 1516matching suffix (XYZ). 1517 1518You can use <F6> to switch directories to the default fractint directory 1519or to your own directory which is specified through the DOS environment 1520variable "FRACTDIR". 1521 1522Once you have selected a file to restore, a summary description of the 1523file is shown, with a video mode selection list. Usually you can just 1524press <Enter> to go past this screen and load the image. Other choices 1525available at this point are:\ 1526 Cursor keys: select a different video mode\ 1527 <Tab>: display more information about the fractal\ 1528 <F1>: for help about the "err" column in displayed video modes\ 1529If you restore a file into a video mode which does not have the same pixel 1530dimensions as the file, Fractint will make some adjustments: The view 1531window parameters (see <V> command) will automatically be set to an 1532appropriate size, and if the image is larger than the screen dimensions, 1533it will be reduced by using only every Nth pixel during the restore. 1534; 1535; 1536; 1537~Topic=Print Command 1538 1539<Ctrl><P>\ 1540 1541Print the current fractal image on your (Laserjet, Paintjet, Epson- 1542compatible, PostScript, or HP-GL) printer. 1543 1544See {"Setting Defaults (SSTOOLS.INI File)"} and {"Printer Parameters"} 1545for how to let Fractint know about your printer setup. 1546 1547{"Disk-Video" Modes} can be used to 1548generate images for printing at higher resolutions than your screen 1549supports. 1550; 1551; 1552; 1553~Topic=Parameter Save/Restore Commands, Label=HELPPARMFILE 1554 1555Parameter files can be used to save/restore all options and settings 1556required to recreate particular images. The parameters required to 1557describe an image require very little disk space, especially compared with 1558saving the image itself. 1559 1560<@> or <2> 1561 1562The <@> or <2> command loads a set of parameters describing an image. 1563(Actually, it can also be used to set non-image parameters such as SOUND, 1564but at this point we're interested in images. Other uses of parameter 1565files are discussed in {"Parameter Files and the <@> Command"}.) 1566 1567When you hit <@> or <2>, Fractint displays the names of the entries in the 1568currently selected parameter file. The default parameter file, 1569FRACTINT.PAR, is included with the Fractint release and contains 1570parameters for some sample images. 1571 1572After pressing <@> or <2>, highlight an entry and press <Enter> to load it, 1573or press <F6> to change to another parameter file. 1574 1575Note that parameter file entries specify all calculation related 1576parameters, but do not specify things like the video mode - the image will 1577be plotted in your currently selected mode. 1578 1579<B> 1580 1581The <B> command saves the parameters required to describe the currently 1582displayed image, which can subsequently be used with the <@> or <2> command 1583to recreate it. 1584 1585After you press <B>, Fractint prompts for: 1586 1587 Parameter file: The name of the file to store the parameters in. You 1588 should use some name like "myimages" instead of fractint.par, so that 1589 your images are kept separate from the ones released with new versions 1590 of Fractint. You can use the PARMFILE= command in SSTOOLS.INI 1591 to set the default parameter file name to "myimages" or whatever. 1592 (See {"Setting Defaults (SSTOOLS.INI File)"} and "parmfile=" in 1593 {"File Parameters"}.) 1594 1595 Name: The name you want to assign to the entry, to be displayed when 1596 the <@> or <2> command is used. 1597 1598 Main comment: A comment to be shown beside the entry in the <@> command 1599 display. 1600 1601 Second, Third, and Fourth comment: Additional comments to store in the 1602 file with the entry. These comments go in the file only, and are not 1603 displayed by the <@> command. You can set these comments from the 1604 command line - see {=@COMMENTS Comment= Command}. 1605 1606 Record colors?: Whether color information should be included in the 1607 entry. Usually the default value displayed by Fractint is what you want. 1608 Allowed values are:\ 1609 "no" - Don't record colors.\ 1610 "@mapfilename" - When these parameters are used, load colors from the 1611 named color map file. This is the default if you are currently using 1612 colors from a color map file.\ 1613 "yes" - Record the colors in detail. This is the default when you've 1614 changed the display colors by using the palette editor or by color 1615 cycling. The only reason that this isn't what Fractint always does 1616 for the <B> command is that color information can be bulky - up to 1617 nearly 3K of disk space per map - which adds up to a lot for many 1618 images. Smooth-shaded ranges of colors are compressed, so if that's 1619 used a lot in an image the color information won't be as bulky.\ 1620 "only" - Record only the colors in the PAR file, without any other 1621 parameters. This is useful for converting color maps to PAR entries. 1622 1623 # of colors: This only matters if "Record colors?" is set to "yes". It 1624 specifies the number of colors to record. Recording less colors will 1625 take less space. Usually the default value displayed by Fractint is what 1626 you want. You might want to increase it in some cases, e.g. if you are 1627 using a 256 color mode with maxiter 150, and have used the palette 1628 editor to set all 256 possible colors for use with color cycling, then 1629 you'll want to set the "# of colors" to 256. 1630 1631 See the {=@RECORDCOLORS Recordcolors} command, which controls when mapfiles 1632 are used and when compressed colors are written to PAR files. 1633 1634 maxlinelength: This number controls the maximum width of a parameter 1635 entry in a PAR file. The default is 72 characters. 1636 1637 At the bottom of the input screen are inputs for Fractint's "pieces" 1638 divide-and-conquer feature. You can create multiple PAR entries that 1639 break an image up into pieces so that you can generate the image pieces 1640 one by one. There are two reasons for doing this. The first is in case the 1641 fractal is very slow, and you want to generate parts of the image at the 1642 same time on several computers. The second is that you might want to make 1643 an image greater than 2048 x 2048, the old pixel limit for Fractint. The 1644 parameters for this feature are: 1645 X Multiples - How many divisions of final image in the x direction\ 1646 Y Multiples - How many divisions of final image in the y direction\ 1647 Video mode - Fractint video mode for each piece (e.g. "F3")\ 1648 1649 The last item defaults to the current video mode. If either X Multiples or 1650 Y Multiples are greater than 1, then multiple numbered PAR entries for the 1651 pieces are added to the PAR file, and a MAKEMIG.BAT file is created that 1652 builds all of the component pieces and then stitches them together into 1653 a "multi-image" GIF. The current limitations of the "divide and conquer" 1654 algorithm are 36 or fewer X and Y multiples (so you are limited to "only" 1655 36x36=1296 component images), and a final resolution limit in both the 1656 X and Y directions of 65,535 (a limitation of "only" four billion pixels 1657 or so). 1658 1659 The final image generated by MAKEMIG is a "multi-image" GIF file called 1660 FRACTMIG.GIF. In case you have other software that can't handle 1661 multi-image GIF files, MAKEMIG includes a final (but commented out) call 1662 to SIMPLGIF, a companion program that reads a GIF file that may contain 1663 little tricks like multiple images and creates a simple GIF from it. 1664 Fair warning: SIMPLGIF needs room to build a composite image while it 1665 works, and it does that using a temporary disk file equal to the size 1666 of the final image - and a 64Kx64K GIF image requires a 4GB temporary 1667 disk file! 1668 1669<G> 1670 1671The <G> command lets you give a startup parameter interactively. 1672; 1673; 1674; 1675~Topic=<X> Options Screen, Label=HELPXOPTS 1676; This topic is online context-sensitive only. 1677 1678 Passes - see {Drawing Method}\ 1679 Fillcolor - see {Drawing Method}\ 1680 Floating Point Algorithm - see notes below\ 1681 Maximum Iterations - see {Image Calculation Parameters}\ 1682 Inside and Outside colors - see {Color Parameters}\ 1683 Savename and File Overwrite - see {File Parameters}\ 1684 Sound option - see {Sound Parameters}\ 1685 Log Palette - see {Logarithmic Palettes and Color Ranges}\ 1686 Biomorph Color - see {Biomorphs}\ 1687 Decomp Option - see {Decomposition}\ 1688 1689You can toggle the use of floating-point algorithms on this screen (see 1690{"Limitations of Integer Math (And How We Cope)"}). Whether floating 1691point is in use is shown on the <Tab> status screen. If you have a 1692non-Intel floating point chip which supports the full 387 instruction set, 1693see the "FPU=" command in {Startup Parameters} to get the most out of your 1694chip. 1695; 1696; 1697~Topic=<Y> Options Screen, Label=HELPYOPTS 1698; This topic is online context-sensitive only. 1699 1700 Finite attractor - see{ Finite Attractors }\ 1701 1702 Potential parameters - see{ Continuous Potential }\ 1703 1704 Distance Estimator parameters - see{ Distance Estimator Method }\ 1705 1706 Inversion parameters - see{ Inversion }\ 1707 1708 Color cycling range - see{ Color Cycling Commands }\ 1709; 1710; 1711~Topic=<P> Options Screen, Label=HELPPOPTS 1712; This topic is online context-sensitive only. 1713 1714 Periodicity - see{ Passes Parameters }\ 1715 1716 Orbit Delay - see{ Passes Parameters }\ 1717 1718 Orbit Interval - see{ Passes Parameters }\ 1719 1720 Maintain Screen Coordinates - see{ Passes Parameters }\ 1721 1722 Orbit Draw Mode - see{ Passes Parameters }\ 1723; 1724; 1725~Topic=Image Coordinates Screen, Label=HELPCOORDS 1726; This topic is online context-sensitive only. 1727 1728You can directly enter corner coordinates on this screen instead of 1729using the zoom box to move around. You can also use <F4> to reset 1730the coordinates to the defaults for the current fractal type. 1731 1732There are two formats for the display: corners or center-mag. You can 1733toggle between the two by using <F7>. 1734 1735In corners mode, corner coordinate values are entered directly. Usually 1736only the top-left and bottom-right corners need be specified - the 1737bottom left corner can be entered as zeros to default to an ordinary 1738unrotated rectangular area. For rotated or skewed images, the bottom 1739left corner must also be specified. 1740 1741In center-mag mode the image area is described by entering the coordinates 1742for the center of the rectangle, and its magnification factor. Usually 1743only these three values are needed, but the user can also specify the amount 1744that the image is stretched, rotated and skewed. 1745; 1746; 1747~Topic=Screen Coordinates Screen, Label=HELPSCRNCOORDS 1748; This topic is online context-sensitive only. 1749 1750You can directly enter corner coordinates on this screen for use with the 1751passes='o' option. You can also use <F4> to reset the coordinates to the 1752defaults for the current fractal type. 1753 1754There are two formats for the display: corners or center-mag. You can 1755toggle between the two by using <F7>. 1756 1757In corners mode, corner coordinate values are entered directly. Usually 1758only the top-left and bottom-right corners need be specified - the 1759bottom left corner can be entered as zeros to default to an ordinary 1760unrotated rectangular area. For rotated or skewed images, the bottom 1761left corner must also be specified. 1762 1763In center-mag mode the screen area is described by entering the coordinates 1764for the center of the rectangle, and its magnification factor. Usually 1765only these three values are needed, but the user can also specify the amount 1766that the image is stretched, rotated and skewed. 1767; 1768; 1769; 1770~Topic=Interrupting and Resuming 1771 1772Fractint command keys can be loosely grouped as: 1773 1774 o Keys which suspend calculation of the current image (if one is being 1775 calculated) and automatically resume after the function. <Tab> 1776 (display status information) and <F1> (display help), are the only 1777 keys in this group. 1778 1779 o Keys which automatically trigger calculation of a new image. 1780 Examples: selecting a video mode (e.g. <F3>); selecting a fractal 1781 type using <T>; using the <X> screen to change an option such as 1782 maximum iterations. 1783 1784 o Keys which do something, then wait for you to indicate what to do 1785 next. Examples: <M> to go to main menu; <C> to enter color cycling 1786 mode; <PageUp> to bring up a zoom box. After using a command in this 1787 group, calculation automatically resumes when you return from the 1788 function (e.g. <Esc> from color cycling, <PageDn> to clear zoom box). 1789 There are a few fractal types which cannot resume calculation, they 1790 are noted below. Note that after saving an image with <S>, you must 1791 press <Enter> to clear the "saved" message from the screen and resume. 1792 1793An image which is <S>aved before it completes can later be <R>estored and 1794continued. The calculation is automatically resumed when you restore such 1795an image. 1796 1797When a slow fractal type resumes after an interruption in the third 1798category above, there may be a lag while nothing visible happens. This is 1799because most cases of resume restart at the beginning of a screen line. 1800If unsure, you can check whether calculation has resumed with the <Tab> 1801key. 1802 1803The following fractal types cannot (currently) be resumed: plasma, 3d 1804transformations, julibrot, and 3d orbital types like lorenz3d. To check 1805whether resuming an image is possible, use the <Tab> key while it is 1806calculating. It is resumable unless there is a note under the fractal 1807type saying it is not. 1808 1809The {Batch Mode} section discusses how to resume in batch mode. 1810 1811To <R>estore and resume a "formula", "lsystem", or "ifs" type fractal your 1812"formulafile", "lfile", or "ifsfile" must contain the required name. 1813; 1814; 1815; 1816~Topic=Orbits Window, Label=HELP_ORBITS 1817The <O> key turns on the Orbit mode. In this mode a cursor appears 1818over the fractal. A window appears showing the orbit used in the 1819calculation of the color at the point where the cursor is. Move the 1820cursor around the fractal using the arrow keys or the mouse and watch 1821the orbits change. Try entering the Orbits mode with View Windows (<V>) 1822turned on. The following keys take effect in Orbits mode.\ 1823<c> Circle toggle - makes little circles with radii inversely\ 1824 proportional to the iteration. Press <c> again to toggle\ 1825 back to point-by-point display of orbits.\ 1826<l> Line toggle - connects orbits with lines (can use with <c>)\ 1827<n> Numbers toggle - shows complex coordinates & color number of\ 1828 the cursor on the screen. Press <n> again to turn off numbers.\ 1829<p> Enter pixel coordinates directly\ 1830<h> Hide fractal toggle. Works only if View Windows is turned on\ 1831 and set for a small window (such as the default size.) Hides the\ 1832 fractal, allowing the orbit to take up the whole screen. Press\ 1833 <h> again to uncover the fractal.\ 1834<s> Saves the fractal, cursor, orbits, and numbers as they\ 1835 appear on the screen.\ 1836<<> or <,> Zoom orbits image smaller\ 1837<>> or <.> Zoom orbits image larger\ 1838<z> Restore default zoom.\ 1839; 1840; 1841; 1842~Topic=View Window, Label=HELPVIEW 1843 1844The <V> command is used to set the view window parameters described below. 1845These parameters can be used to:\ 1846 o Define a small window on the screen which is to contain the generated 1847 images. Using a small window speeds up calculation time (there are 1848 fewer pixels to generate). You can use a small window to explore 1849 quickly, then turn the view window off to recalculate the image at 1850 full screen size. 1851 o Generate an image with a different "aspect ratio"; e.g. in a square 1852 window or in a tall skinny rectangle. 1853 o View saved GIF images which have pixel dimensions different from any 1854 mode supported by your hardware. This use of view windows occurs 1855 automatically when you restore such an image. 1856 o Define a disk video mode up to 32767x32767. First select a disk video 1857 mode using <del>. Then on the <v> screen enter both an X and a Y value 1858 at the Virtual Screen Total Pixels prompts. 1859 o Define a virtual video mode up to the size that fits in video memory. 1860 First select a VESA video mode (dotmode=28) using <del>. Then on the 1861 <v> screen enter both an X and a Y value at the Virtual Screen Total 1862 Pixels prompts. The Keep Aspect prompt is used if the asked for virtual 1863 screen is larger than video memory. If set, the X and Y values will both 1864 be reduced such that the ratio between them is maintained. If not set, 1865 just the Y value will be reduced. 1866 1867"Preview display"\ 1868Set this to "yes" to turn on view window, "no" for full screen display. 1869While this is "no", the only view parameter which has any affect is "final 1870media aspect ratio". When a view window is being used, all other Fractint 1871functions continue to operate normally - you can zoom, color-cycle, and 1872all the rest. 1873 1874"Reduction factor"\ 1875When an explicit size is not given, this determines the view window size, 1876as a factor of the screen size. E.g. a reduction factor of 2 makes the 1877window 1/2 as big as the screen in both dimensions. 1878 1879"Final media aspect ratio"\ 1880This is the height of the final image you want, divided by the width. The 1881default is 0.75 because standard PC monitors have a height:width ratio of 18823:4. E.g. set this to 2.0 for an image twice as high as it is wide. The 1883effect of this parameter is visible only when "preview display" is 1884enabled. If the explicit size of both x and y are set, setting this value 1885to 0 will cause the appropriate value to be calculated based on x and y. 1886 1887"Crop starting coordinates"\ 1888This parameter affects what happens when you change the aspect ratio. If 1889set to "no", then when you change aspect ratio, the prior image will be 1890squeezed or stretched to fit into the new shape. If set to "yes", the 1891prior image is "cropped" to avoid squeezing or stretching. 1892 1893"Explicit size"\ 1894Setting these to non-zero values over-rides the "reduction factor" with 1895explicit sizes in pixels. If only the "x pixels" size is specified, the "y 1896pixels" size is calculated automatically based on x and the aspect ratio. 1897 1898The following option is available when using disk video or virtual screen 1899modes: 1900 1901"Virtual screen"\ 1902Setting these allow defining a virtual screen as large as the available 1903video memory will permit. 1904 1905The following options are available when using virtual screen modes: 1906 1907"Keep aspect"\ 1908If this is set, when the asked for virtual screen is larger than video 1909memory the X and Y values will both be reduced such that the ratio between 1910them is maintained. If not set, just the Y value will be reduced. 1911 1912"Zoombox scrolling"\ 1913The fixed setting tries to maintain the zoombox in the center of the 1914screen by moving the virtual image. The relaxed setting moves the virtual 1915image when the zoombox reached the edges of the screen. 1916 1917More about final aspect ratio: If you want to produce a high quality 1918hard-copy image which is say 8" high by 5" down, based on a vertical 1919"slice" of an existing image, you could use a procedure like the 1920following. You'll need some method of converting a GIF image to your final 1921media (slide or whatever) - Fractint can only do the whole job with a 1922PostScript printer, it does not preserve aspect ratio with other printers. 1923 o restore the existing image\ 1924 o set view parameters: preview to yes, reduction to anything (say 2), 1925 aspect ratio to 1.6, and crop to yes 1926 o zoom, rotate, whatever, till you get the desired final image\ 1927 o set preview display back to no\ 1928 o trigger final calculation in some high res disk video mode, using the 1929 appropriate video mode function key 1930 o print directly to a PostScript printer, or save the result as a GIF 1931 file and use external utilities to convert to hard copy. 1932; 1933; 1934; 1935~Topic=\"3D\" Commands 1936 1937See {\"3D\" Images} for details of these commands. 1938 1939<3>\ 1940Restore a saved image as a 3D "landscape", translating its color 1941information into "height". You will be prompted for all KINDS of options. 1942 1943<#>\ 1944Restore in 3D and overlay the result on the current screen. 1945; 1946; 1947; 1948~Topic=Video Mode Function Keys, Label=HELPVIDSEL 1949 1950Fractint supports *so* many video modes that we've given up trying to 1951reserve a keyboard combination for each of them. 1952 1953Any supported video mode can be selected by going to the "Select Video Mode" 1954screen (from main menu or by using <Delete>), then using the cursor up and down 1955arrow keys and/or <PageUp> and <PageDown> keys to highlight the desired mode, 1956then pressing <Enter>. 1957 1958Up to 39 modes can be assigned to the keys F2-F10, SF1-SF10 <Shift>+<Fn>), 1959CF1-CF10 (<Ctrl>+<Fn>), and AF1-AF10 (<Alt>+<Fn>). The modes assigned to 1960function keys can be invoked directly by pressing the assigned key, without 1961going to the video mode selection screen. 1962 196330 key combinations can be reassigned: <F1> to <F10> combined with any of 1964<Shift>, <Ctrl>, or <Alt>. 1965The video modes assigned to <F2> through <F10> can not be 1966changed - these are assigned to the most common video modes, which might 1967be used in demonstration files or batches. 1968 1969To reassign a function key to a mode you often use, go to the "select 1970video mode" screen, highlight the video 1971mode, press the keypad (gray) <+> key, then press the desired 1972function key or key combination. The new key assignment will be remembered 1973for future runs. 1974 1975To unassign a key (so that it doesn't invoke any video 1976mode), highlight the mode currently selected by the key and press the 1977keypad (gray) <-> key. 1978 1979A note about the "select video modes" screen: 1980the video modes which are displayed with a 'B' suffix in the number 1981of colors are modes which have no custom programming - they use the BIOS 1982and are S-L-O-W ones. 1983 1984See {"Video Adapter Notes"} for comments about particular adapters. 1985 1986See {"Disk-Video" Modes} for a description of these non-display modes. 1987 1988See {"Customized Video Modes\, FRACTINT.CFG"} for information about 1989adding your own video modes. 1990; 1991; 1992; 1993~Topic=Browse Commands, Label=HELPBROWSE 1994 1995The following keystrokes function while browsing an image:\ 1996 1997<ARROW KEYS> Step through the outlines on the screen.\ 1998<ENTER> Selects the image to display.\ 1999<\\>,<h> Recalls the last image selected.\ 2000<D> Deletes the selected file.\ 2001<R> Renames the selected file.\ 2002<s> Saves the current image with the browser boxes\ 2003 displayed.\ 2004<ESC>,<l> Toggles the browse mode off.\ 2005<Ctrl-b> Brings up the {Browser Parameters} screen.\ 2006<Ctrl-Ins/Del> Change the browser boxes color.\ 2007 2008This is a "visual directory", here is how it works...\ 2009When 'L' or 'l' is pressed from a fractal display the current directory is 2010searched for any saved files that are deeper zooms of the current image and 2011their position shown on screen by a box (or crosshairs if the box would be 2012too small). See also {Browser Parameters} for more on how this is done. 2013 2014One outline flashes, the selected outline can be changed by using the 2015cursor keys. At the moment the outlines are selected in the order that 2016they appear in your directory, so don't worry if the flashing window jumps 2017all over the place! 2018 2019When enter is pressed, the selected image is loaded. In this mode a stack 2020of the last sixteen selected filenames is maintained and the '\\' or 'h' key 2021pops and loads the last image you were looking at. Using this it is 2022possible to set up sequences of images that allow easy exploration of your 2023favorite fractal without having to wait for recalc once the level of zoom 2024gets too high, great for demos! (also useful for keeping track of just 2025exactly where fract532.gif came from :-) ) 2026 2027You can also use this facility to tidy up your disk: by typing UPPER CASE 'D' 2028when a file is selected the browser will delete the file for you, after 2029making sure that you really mean it, you must reply to the "are you sure" 2030prompts with an UPPER CASE 'Y' and nothing else, otherwise the command is 2031ignored. Just to make absolutely sure you don't accidentally wipe out the 2032fruits of many hours of cpu time the default setting is to have the browser 2033prompt you twice, you can disable the second prompt within the parameters 2034screen, however, if you're feeling overconfident :-). 2035 2036To complement the Delete function there is a rename function, use the UPPER 2037CASE 'R' key for this. You need to enter the FULL new file name, no .GIF is 2038implied. 2039 2040It is possible to save the current image along with all of the displayed 2041boxes indicating subimages by pressing the 's' key. This exits the browse 2042mode to save the image and the boxes become a permanent part of the image. 2043Currently, the screen image ends up with stray dots colored after it is 2044saved. 2045 2046Esc backs out of image selecting mode.\ 2047 2048The browser can now use expanded memory or extended memory. If you have 2049more than 4 MB of expanded/extended memory available, you can use either. 2050If you don't have 4 MB of expanded/extended memory available, use expanded 2051memory as it will allocate as much as possible. The extended memory support 2052will silently fail and default to the use of far memory if 4 MB of extended 2053memory is not available. 2054 2055Here's a tip on how to zoom out beyond your starting point when browsing: 2056Suppose you restore a fractal deeply-zoomed down in a directory of 2057related zoomed images, and then bring up the browser. How do you zoom 2058out? You can't use "\\" because you started with the zoomed image, and 2059there is no browser command to detect the next outer image. What you 2060can do is exit the browser, press PgUp until the zoom box won't get any 2061smaller, zoom out with Ctrl-Enter, and before any image starts to 2062develop, call up the browser again, locate your zoomed image that you 2063started with, and see if there is another image that contains it - if 2064so, restore it with the browser. You can also use a view window <v> to load 2065the first image, and then use the browser. 2066 2067POSSIBLE ERRORS: 2068 2069"Sorry..I can't find anything"\ 2070The browser can't locate any files which match the file name mask. 2071See {Browser Parameters} This is also displayed if you have less than 207210K of far memory free when you run Fractint. 2073 2074"Sorry.... no more space"\ 2075At the moment the browser can only cope with 450 sub images at one time. 2076Any subsequent images are ignored. Make sure that the minimum image size 2077isn't set too small on the parameters screen. 2078 2079~OnlineFF 2080"Sorry .... out of memory"\ 2081The browser has run out of far, expanded, or extended memory in which to 2082store the pixels covered by the sub image boxes. Try again with the main 2083image at lower resolution, and/or reduce the number of TSRs resident in 2084memory when you start Fractint. Make sure you have expanded or extended 2085memory available. 2086 2087"Sorry...it's a read only file, can't del <filename>"\ 2088"Sorry....can't rename"\ 2089The file which you were trying to delete or rename has the read only 2090attribute set, you'll need to reset this with your operating system before 2091you can get rid of it. 2092; 2093; 2094; 2095~Topic=Browser Parameters, Label=HELPBRWSPARMS 2096 2097This Screen enables you to control Fractint's built in file browsing utility. 2098If you don't know what that is see {Browse Commands}. This screen is 2099selected with <Ctrl-B> from just about anywhere. 2100 2101"Autobrowsing"\ 2102Select yes if you want the loaded image to be scanned for sub images 2103immediately without pressing 'L' every time. 2104 2105"Ask about GIF video mode"\ 2106Allows turning on and off the display of the video mode table when loading 2107GIFs. This has the same effect as the askvideo= command. 2108 2109"Type/Parm check"\ 2110Select whether the browser tests for fractal type or parms when deciding 2111whether a file is a sub image of the current screen or not. DISABLE WITH 2112CAUTION! or things could get confusing. These tests can be switched off 2113to allow such situations as wishing to display old images that were 2114generated using a formula type which is now implemented as a built in 2115fractal type. 2116~OnlineFF 2117"Confirm deletes"\ 2118Set this to No if you get fed up with the double prompting that the browser 2119gives when deleting a file. It won't get rid of the first prompt however. 2120 2121"Smallest window"\ 2122This parameter determines how small the image would have to be onscreen 2123before the browser decides not to include it in the selection of files. The size 2124is entered in decimal pixels so, for instance, this could be set to 0.2 to 2125allow images that are up to around three maximum zooms away (depending on 2126the current video resolution) to be loaded instantly. Set this to 0 to 2127enable all sub images to be detected. This can lead to a very cluttered 2128screen! The primary use is in conjunction with the search file mask (see 2129below) to allow location of high magnification images within an overall 2130view (like the whole Mset). 2131 2132"Smallest box"\ 2133This determines when the image location is shown as crosshairs rather than 2134a rather small box. Set this according to how good your eyesight is 2135(probably worse than before you started staring at fractals all the time :-)) 2136or the resolution of your screen. WARNING the crosshairs routine centers 2137the cursor on one corner of the image box at the moment so this looks 2138misleading if set too large. 2139~OnlineFF 2140"Search Mask"\ 2141Sets the file name pattern which the browser searches, this can be used 2142to search out the location of a file by setting this to the filename and 2143setting smallest image to 0 (see above). 2144; 2145; 2146; 2147~Topic=RDS Commands, Label=RDSKEYS 2148The following keystrokes function while viewing an RDS image:\ 2149 2150<Enter> or <Space> -- Toggle calibration bars on and off.\ 2151<Ctrl-s> or <k> -- Return to RDS Parameters Screen.\ 2152<s> -- Save RDS image, then restore original.\ 2153<c>, <+>, <-> -- Color cycle RDS image.\ 2154Other keys -- Exit RDS mode, restore original image, and pass\ 2155 keystroke on to main menu.\ 2156 2157For more about RDS, see {Random Dot Stereograms (RDS)} 2158; 2159; 2160; 2161 2162~Topic=Hints 2163 2164Remember, you do NOT have to wait for the program to finish a full screen 2165display before entering a command. If you see an interesting spot you want 2166to zoom in on while the screen is half-done, don't wait -- do it! If you 2167think after seeing the first few lines that another video mode would look 2168better, go ahead -- Fractint will shift modes and start the redraw at 2169once. When it finishes a display, it beeps and waits for your next 2170command. 2171 2172In general, the most interesting areas are the "border" areas where the 2173colors are changing rapidly. Zoom in on them for the best results. The 2174first Mandelbrot-set (default) fractal image has a large, solid-colored 2175interior that is the slowest to display; there's nothing to be seen by 2176zooming there. 2177 2178Plotting time is directly proportional to the number of pixels in a 2179screen, and hence increases with the resolution of the video mode. 2180You may want to start in a low-resolution mode for quick progress while 2181zooming in, and switch to a higher-resolution mode when things get 2182interesting. Or use the solid guessing mode and pre-empt with 2183a zoom before it finishes. Plotting time also varies with the maximum 2184iteration setting, the fractal type, and your choice of drawing mode. 2185Solid-guessing (the default) is fastest, but it can be wrong: 2186perfectionists will want to use dual-pass mode (its first-pass preview is 2187handy if you might zoom pre-emptively) or single-pass mode. 2188 2189When you start systematically exploring, you can save time (and hey, every 2190little bit helps -- these "objects" are INFINITE, remember!) by <S>aving 2191your last screen in a session to a file, and then going straight to it the 2192next time by using the command FRACTINT FRACTxxx (the .GIF extension is 2193assumed), or by starting Fractint normally and then using the <R> command 2194to reload the saved file. Or you could hit <B> to create a parameter file 2195entry with the "recipe" for a given image, and next time use the <@> 2196command to re-plot it. 2197; 2198; 2199; 2200~Topic=Fractint on Unix 2201 2202Fractint has been ported to Unix to run under X Windows. This version is 2203called "Xfractint". Xfractint may be obtained by anonymous ftp, 2204see {Distribution of Fractint}. 2205 2206Xfractint is still under development and is not as reliable as the IBM PC 2207version. 2208 2209Contact xfractint@fractint.org for more information on Xfractint. 2210~FF 2211Xfractint is a straight port of the IBM PC version. Thus, it uses the 2212IBM user interface. If you do not have function keys, or Xfractint does 2213not accept them from your keyboard, use the following key mappings: 2214 2215 IBM Unix\ 2216 F1 to F10 Shift-1 to Shift-0\ 2217 INSERT I\ 2218 DELETE D\ 2219 PAGE_UP U\ 2220 PAGE_DOWN N\ 2221 LEFT_ARROW H\ 2222 RIGHT_ARROW L\ 2223 UP_ARROW K\ 2224 DOWN_ARROW J\ 2225 HOME O\ 2226 END E\ 2227 CTL_PLUS \}\ 2228 CTL_MINUS \{ 2229 2230Xfractint takes the following options: 2231 2232-onroot\ 2233Puts the image on the root window. 2234 2235-fast\ 2236Uses a faster drawing technique. 2237 2238-disk\ 2239Uses disk video. 2240 2241-geometry WxH[\{+-X}\{+-Y}]\ 2242Changes the geometry of the image window. 2243 2244-display displayname\ 2245Specifies the X11 display to use. 2246 2247-private\ 2248Allocates the entire colormap (i.e. more colors). 2249 2250-share\ 2251Shares the current colormap. 2252 2253-fixcolors n\ 2254Uses only n colors. 2255 2256-slowdisplay\ 2257Prevents Xfractint from hanging on the title page with slow displays. 2258 2259-simple\ 2260Uses simpler keyboard handling, which makes debugging easier. 2261 2262Common problems: 2263 2264If you get the message "Couldn't find fractint.hlp", you can\ 2265a) Do "setenv FRACTDIR /foo", replacing /foo with the directory containing 2266fractint.hlp.\ 2267b) Run Xfractint from the directory containing fractint.hlp, or\ 2268c) Copy fractint.hlp to /usr/local/bin/X11/fractint 2269 2270If you get the message "Invalid help signature", the problem is due to 2271byteorder. You are probably using a Sun help file on a Dec machine or 2272vice versa. 2273 2274If Xfractint doesn't accept input, try typing into both the graphics window 2275and the text window. On some systems, only one of these works. 2276 2277If you are using Openwindows and can't get Xfractint to accept input, add 2278to your .Xdefaults file:\ 2279OpenWindows.FocusLenience: True 2280 2281If you cannot view the GIFs that Xfractint creates, the problem is that 2282Xfractint creates GIF89a format and your viewer probably only handles 2283GIF87a format. Run "xfractint gif87a=y" to produce GIF87a format. 2284 2285Because many shifted characters are used to simulate IBM keys, you can't 2286enter capitalized filenames. 2287; 2288; 2289; 2290~Topic=Color Cycling Commands, Label=@ColorCycling 2291 2292~Doc- 2293See {=HELPCYCLING Color Cycling Command Summary} for a summary of commands. 2294 2295~Doc+ 2296Color-cycling mode is entered with the 'c', '+', or '-' keys from an image, 2297or with the 'c' key from Palette-Editing mode. 2298 2299The color-cycling commands are available ONLY for VGA adapters and EGA 2300adapters in 640x350x16 mode. You can also enter color-cycling while 2301using a disk-video mode, to load or save a palette - other functions are 2302not supported in disk-video. 2303 2304Note that the colors available on an EGA adapter (16 colors at a 2305time out of a palette of 64) are limited compared to those of VGA, super- 2306VGA, and MCGA (16 or 256 colors at a time out of a palette of 262,144). So 2307color-cycling in general looks a LOT better in the latter modes. Also, 2308because of the EGA palette restrictions, some commands are not available 2309with EGA adapters. 2310 2311Color cycling applies to the color numbers selected by the "cyclerange=" 2312command line parameter (also changeable via the <Y> options screen and via 2313the palette editor). By default, color numbers 1 to 255 inclusive are 2314cycled. On some images you might want to set "inside=0" (<X> options or 2315command line parameter) to exclude the "lake" from color cycling. 2316 2317When you are in color-cycling mode, you will either see the screen colors 2318cycling, or will see a white "overscan" border when paused, as a reminder 2319that you are still in this mode. The keyboard commands available once 2320you've entered color-cycling. are described below. 2321 2322<F1>\ 2323Bring up a HELP screen with commands specific to color cycling mode. 2324 2325<Esc>\ 2326Leave color-cycling mode. 2327 2328<Home>\ 2329Restore original palette. 2330 2331<+> or <->\ 2332Begin cycling the palette by shifting each color to the next "contour." 2333<+> cycles the colors in one direction, <-> in the other. 2334 2335'<' or '>'\ 2336Force a color-cycling pause, disable random colorizing, and single-step 2337through a one color-cycle. For "fine-tuning" your image colors. 2338 2339Cursor up/down\ 2340Increase/decrease the cycling speed. High speeds may cause a harmless 2341flicker at the top of the screen. 2342 2343<F2> through <F10>\ 2344Switches from simple rotation to color selection using randomly generated 2345color bands of short (F2) to long (F10) duration. 2346 2347<1> through <9>\ 2348Causes the screen to be updated every 'n' color cycles (the default is 1). 2349Handy for slower computers. 2350 2351<Enter>\ 2352Randomly selects a function key (F2 through F10) and then updates ALL the 2353screen colors prior to displaying them for instant, random colors. Hit 2354this over and over again (we do). 2355 2356<Spacebar>\ 2357Pause cycling with white overscan area. Cycling restarts with any command 2358key (including another spacebar). 2359 2360<Shift><F1>-<F10>\ 2361Pause cycling and reset the palette to a preset two color "straight" 2362assignment, such as a spread from black to white. (Not for EGA) 2363 2364<Ctrl><F1>-<F10>\ 2365Pause & set a 2-color cyclical assignment, e.g. red->yellow->red (not EGA). 2366 2367<Alt><F1>-<F10>\ 2368Pause & set a 3-color cyclical assignment, e.g. green->white->blue (not EGA). 2369 2370<R>, <G>, <B>\ 2371Pause and increase the red, green, or blue component of all colors by a 2372small amount (not for EGA). Note the case distinction of this vs: 2373 2374<r>, <g>, <b>\ 2375Pause and decrease the red, green, or blue component of all colors by a 2376small amount (not for EGA). 2377 2378<D> or <A>\ 2379Pause and load an external color map from the files DEFAULT.MAP or 2380ALTERN.MAP, supplied with the program. 2381 2382<L>\ 2383Pause and load an external color map (.MAP file). Several .MAP files are 2384supplied with Fractint. See {Palette Maps}. 2385 2386<S>\ 2387Pause, prompt for a filename, and save the current palette to the named 2388file (.MAP assumed). See {Palette Maps}. 2389; 2390; 2391; 2392~Topic=Color Cycling Command Summary, Label=HELPCYCLING 2393; This topic is online only 2394 2395~Format- 2396 See {Color Cycling Commands} for full documentation. 2397 2398 F1 HELP! (Enter help mode and display this screen) 2399 Esc Exit from color-cycling mode 2400 + or - (re)-set the direction of the color-cycling 2401 Home Restore original palette 2402~Doc- 2403 \27 \26 (re)-set the direction of the color-cycling (just like +/-) 2404 \24 \25 SpeedUp/SlowDown the color cycling process 2405~Doc+,Online- 2406 Right/Left Arrow (re)-set the direction of the color-cycling (just like +/-) 2407 Up/Down Arrow SpeedUp/SlowDown the color cycling process 2408~Online+ 2409 F2 thru F10 Select Short--Medium--Long (randomly-generated) color bands 2410 1 thru 9 Cycle through 'nn' colors between screen updates (default=1) 2411 Enter Randomly (re)-select all new colors [TRY THIS ONE!] 2412 Spacebar Pause until another key is hit 2413 < or > Pause and single-step through one color-cycle 2414* SF1 thru AF10 Pause and reset the Palette to one of 30 fixed sequences 2415 d or a pause and load the palette from DEFAULT.MAP or ALTERN.MAP 2416 l load palette from a map file 2417 s save palette to a map file 2418* r or g or b or force a pause and Lower (lower case) or Raise (upper case) 2419* R or G or B the Red, Green, or Blue component of the fractal image 2420; 2421; 2422; 2423~Topic=Palette Editing Commands 2424 2425~Doc- 2426See {=HELPXHAIR Palette Editing Command Summary} for a summary of commands. 2427 2428~Doc+ 2429Palette-editing mode provides a number of tools for modifying the colors 2430in an image. It can be used only with MCGA or higher adapters, and only 2431with 16 or 256 color video modes. 2432Many thanks to Ethan Nagel for creating the palette editor. 2433 2434Use the <E> key to enter palette-editing mode from a displayed image or 2435from the main menu. 2436 2437When this mode is entered, an empty palette frame is displayed. You can 2438use the cursor keys to position the frame outline, and <Pageup> and 2439<Pagedn> to change its size. (The upper and lower limits on the size 2440depend on the current video mode.) When the frame is positioned where you 2441want it, hit Enter to display the current palette in the frame. 2442 2443Note that the palette frame shows R(ed) G(reen) and B(lue) values for two 2444color registers at the top. The active color register has a solid frame, 2445the inactive register's frame is dotted. Within the active register, the 2446active color component is framed. 2447 2448With a video mode of 640x400 or higher, a status area appears between the 2449two color registers. This status area shows: 2450 2451 nnn = color number at the cursor location\ 2452 A = Auto mode\ 2453 X, Y = exclusion modes\ 2454 F = freesyle mode\ 2455 T = stripe mode is waiting for #\ 2456 2457Using the commands described below, you can assign particular colors to 2458the registers and manipulate them. Note that at any given time there are 2459two colors "X"d - these are pre-empted by the editor to display the 2460palette frame. They can be edited but the results won't be visible. You 2461can change which two colors are borrowed ("X"d out) by using the <v> 2462command. 2463 2464Once the palette frame is displayed and filled in, the following commands 2465are available: 2466 2467<F1>\ 2468Bring up a HELP screen with commands specific to palette-editing mode. 2469 2470<Esc>\ 2471Leave palette-editing mode 2472 2473<H>\ 2474Hide the palette frame to see full image; the cross-hair remains visible 2475and all functions remain enabled; hit <H> again to restore the palette 2476display. 2477 2478Cursor keys\ 2479Move the cross-hair cursor around. In 'auto' mode (the default) the color 2480under the center of the cross-hair is automatically assigned to the active 2481color register. Control-Cursor keys move the cross-hair faster. A mouse 2482can also be used to move around. 2483 2484<R> <G> <B>\ 2485Select the Red, Green, or Blue component of the active color register for 2486subsequent commands 2487 2488<Insert> <Delete>\ 2489Select previous or next color component in active register 2490 2491~onlineFF 2492<+> <->\ 2493Increase or decrease the active color component value by 1 Numeric keypad 2494(gray) + and - keys do the same. 2495 2496<Pageup> <Pagedn>\ 2497Increase or decrease the active color component value by 5; Moving the 2498mouse up/down with left button held is the same 2499 2500<0> <1> <2> <3> <4> <5> <6>\ 2501Set the active color component's value to 0 10 20 ... 60 2502 2503<Space>\ 2504Select the other color register as the active one. In the default 'auto' 2505mode this results in the now-inactive register being set to remember the 2506color under the cursor, and the now-active register changing from whatever 2507it had previously remembered to now follow the color. 2508 2509<,> <.>\ 2510Rotate the palette one step. By default colors 1 through 255 inclusive 2511are rotated. This range can be over-ridden with the "cyclerange" 2512parameter, the <Y> options screen, or the <O> command described below. 2513 2514"<" ">"\ 2515Rotate the palette continuously (until next keystroke) 2516 2517<O>\ 2518Set the color cycling range to the range of colors currently defined by 2519the color registers. 2520 2521<C>\ 2522Enter Color-Cycling Mode. When you invoke color-cycling from here, it 2523will subsequently return to palette-editing when you <Esc> from it. 2524See {Color Cycling Commands}. 2525 2526<=>\ 2527Create a smoothly shaded range of colors between the colors selected by 2528the two color registers. 2529 2530<M>\ 2531Specify a gamma value for the shading created by <=>. 2532 2533<D>\ 2534Duplicate the inactive color register's values to the active color 2535register. 2536 2537<T>\ 2538Stripe-shade - create a smoothly shaded range of colors between the two 2539color registers, setting only every Nth register. After hitting <T>, hit 2540a numeric key from 2 to 9 to specify N. For example, if you press <T> 2541<3>, smooth shading is done between the two color registers, affecting 2542only every 3rd color between them. The other colors between them remain 2543unchanged. 2544 2545<W>\ 2546Convert current palette to gray-scale. (If the <X> or <Y> exclude ranges 2547described later are in force, only the active range of colors is converted 2548to gray-scale.) 2549 2550<Shift-F2> ... <Shift-F9>\ 2551Store the current palette in a temporary save area associated with the 2552function key. The temporary save palettes are useful for quickly 2553comparing different palettes or the effect of some changes - see next 2554command. The temporary palettes are only remembered until you exit from 2555palette-editing mode.\ 2556Starting with version 19.6, when palette editing mode is entered, the 2557original palette is stored in the area associated with F2. 2558 2559<F2> ... <F9>\ 2560Restore the palette from a temporary save area. If you haven't previously 2561saved a palette for the function key, you'll get a simple grey scale. 2562 2563<L>\ 2564Pause and load an external color map (.MAP file). See {Palette Maps}. 2565 2566<S>\ 2567Pause, prompt for a filename, and save the current palette to the named 2568file (.MAP assumed). See {Palette Maps}. 2569 2570<I>\ 2571Invert frame colors. With some colors the palette is easier to see when 2572the frame colors are interchanged. 2573 2574<\\>\ 2575Move or resize the palette frame. The frame outline is drawn - it can 2576then be repositioned and sized with the cursor keys, <Pageup> and 2577<Pagedn>, just as was done when first entering palette-editing mode. Hit 2578Enter when done moving/sizing. 2579 2580<V>\ 2581Use the colors currently selected by the two color registers for the 2582palette editor's frame. When palette editing mode is entered, the last 2583two colors are "X"d out for use by the palette editor; this command can be 2584used to replace the default with two other color numbers. 2585 2586<A>\ 2587Toggle 'auto' mode on or off. When on (the default), the active color 2588register follows the cursor; when off, <Enter> must be pressed to set the 2589active register to the color under the cursor. 2590 2591<Enter>\ 2592Only useful when 'auto' is off, as described above; double clicking the 2593left mouse button is the same as Enter. 2594 2595<X>\ 2596Toggle 'exclude' mode on or off - when toggled on, only those image pixels 2597which match the active color are displayed. 2598 2599<Y>\ 2600Toggle 'exclude' range on or off - similar to <X>, but all pixels matching 2601colors in the range of the two color registers are displayed. 2602 2603<N>\ 2604Make a negative color palette - will convert only current color if in 'x' 2605mode or range between editors in 'y' mode or entire palette if in "normal" 2606mode. 2607 2608<!>\ 2609<@> <\"> (English keyboard) <u-grave> (French keyboard)\ 2610<#> <pound sign> (English keyboard) <$> (French keyboard)\ 2611Swap R<->G, G<->B, and R<->B columns. <!>, <@>, and <#> are shifted 1, 2, 2612and 3, which you may find easier to remember. 2613 2614<U>\ 2615Undoes the last palette editor command. Will undo all the way to the 2616beginning of the current session. 2617 2618<E>\ 2619Redoes the undone palette editor commands. 2620 2621<F>\ 2622Toggles "Freestyle mode" on and off (Freestyle mode changes a range of 2623palette values smoothly from a center value outward). 2624With your cursor inside the palette box, press the <F> key to enter 2625Freestyle mode. A default range of colors will be selected for you 2626centered at the cursor (the ends of the color range are noted by putting 2627dashed lines around the corresponding palette values). While in Freestyle 2628mode: 2629 2630 Moving the mouse changes the location of the range of colors that are 2631 affected. 2632 2633 Control-Insert/Delete or the shifted-right-mouse-button changes the 2634 size of the affected palette range. 2635 2636 The normal color editing keys (R,G,B,1-6, etc) set the central color 2637 of the affected palette range. 2638 2639 Pressing ENTER or double-clicking the left mouse button makes the 2640 palette changes permanent (if you don't perform this step, any 2641 palette changes disappear when you press the <F> key again to exit 2642 freestyle mode). 2643 2644 For more details see {Freestyle mode tutorial} 2645; 2646; 2647~Topic=Freestyle mode tutorial 2648It can be confusing working out what's going on in freestyle mode 2649so here's a quick walk through...\ 2650 2651Freestyle palette editing is intended to be a way of colouring an image in 2652an intuitive fashion with the minimum of keyboard usage. In fact everything is 2653controllable with the mouse, as the following shows: 2654 2655To start with, generate a plasma type fractal as it has all 256 colours on 2656screen at once. Now bring up the palette editor and press 'w' to set up 2657a greyscale palette as a blank canvas on which to splash some colour. 2658Pressing 'f' puts us in freestyle mode... crosshairs appear on the screen and 2659a colour band is applied, centred on the cursor. Although, at the moment, 2660the colour of this band is grey and you won't see much! 2661 2662In order to change the colour of the band, hold down the left mouse button and 2663drag up and down. This changes the amount of red in the band. You'll see the 2664values change in the status box above the palette grid. Double clicking the 2665right mouse button changes the colour component that's varied in an r-g-b-r- 2666cycle.... try it out and conjure up any shade you like! 2667 2668To vary the width of the band, drag up and down with the right button held down. 2669Slower machines may show some 'lag' during this operation, especially if they 2670have no math co-processor, so watch out as the mouse movements get buffered. 2671 2672Once you've got the band in a satisfactory position then double click the left 2673button to fix it in place. 2674Continue like this for as long as you like, adding different colours to the 2675grey palette. 2676You'll notice how the band relates to the existing colour, the RGB values give 2677the middle colour which are then smoothly shaded out to the colours at the ends 2678of the band. This can lead to some sudden jumps in the shading as the band is 2679moved about the screen and the edges come to overlap different areas of colour. 2680 2681For really violent jumps in shading try starting with an image that has areas 2682that change chaotically, such as a Mandlbrot set. You'll see what I mean when 2683you move the cross hairs into an area close to the 'lake' where the change in 2684value from one pixel to the next is sudden, chaotic and large. Watch out! the 2685strobing effect can be somewhat disturbing. This is nothing to worry about but 2686just a consequence of the manipulation of the palette and the way in which 2687the colour bands are calculated. 2688 2689I hope that you'll find this a useful tool in colouring an image. Remember that 2690the 'h' key can be used to hide the palette box and expose the whole image. 2691 2692; 2693~Topic=Palette Editing Command Summary, Label=HELPXHAIR 2694; This topic is online only. 2695 2696~Format- 2697 See {Palette Editing Commands} for full documentation. 2698 2699 F1 HELP! (Enter help mode and display this screen) 2700 Esc Exit from palette editing mode 2701 h Hide/unhide the palette frame 2702 \24 \25 \27 \26 Move the cross-hair cursor around. Control-Cursor keys 2703 move faster. A mouse can also be used to move around. 2704 r or g or b Select the the Red, Green, or Blue component of the 2705 active color register for subsequent commands 2706 Insert or Delete Select previous or next color component in active register 2707 + or - Increase or decrease the active color component by 1 2708 Pageup or Pagedn Increase or decrease the active color component by 5; 2709 Moving the mouse up/down with left button held is the same 2710 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Set active color component to 0 10 20 ... 60 2711 Space Select the other color register as the active one 2712 , or . Rotate the palette one step 2713 < or > Rotate the palette continuously (until next keystroke) 2714 c Enter Color-Cycling Mode (see {=HELPCYCLING Color Cycling Commands}) 2715 = Create a smoothly shaded range of colors 2716 m Set the gamma value for '='. 2717~FF 2718 d Duplicate the inactive color register in active color 2719 t Stripe-shade; after hitting 't', hit a number from 2 to 9 2720 which is used as stripe width 2721 Shift-F2,F3,..F9 Store the current palette in a temporary save area 2722 associated with the function key 2723 F2,F3,...,F9 Restore the palette from a temporary save area 2724 w Convert palette (or current exclude range) to gray-scale 2725 \\ Move or resize the palette frame 2726 i Invert frame colors, useful with dark colors 2727 a Toggle 'auto' mode on or off - when on, the active color 2728 register follows the cursor; when off, Enter must be hit 2729 to set the register to the color under the cursor 2730 Enter Only useful when 'auto' is off, as described above; double 2731 clicking the left mouse button is the same as Enter 2732 x Toggle 'exclude' mode on or off 2733 y Toggle 'exclude' range on or off 2734 o Set the 'cyclerange' (range affected by color cycling 2735 commands) to the range of the two registers 2736 n Make a negative color palette 2737 u Undoes the last command 2738 e Redoes the last undone command 2739~FF 2740 ! Swap red and green columns 2741 @ \" or u-grave Swap green and blue columns 2742 # pound or $ Swap red and blue columns 2743 f Toggle Freestyle Palette-Editing Mode. See 2744 {Palette Editing Commands} for details. 2745 2746; 2747; 2748~Topic=Parameter Explorer/Evolver, Label=HELPEVOL 2749 2750 Since fractint is such a wonderfully complex program it has more than a few 2751 parameters to tweak and options to select. To the inexperienced 2752 user the choice is bewildering. Even for the experts the chaotic nature of 2753 the mathematical processes involved make it difficult to know what to 2754 change in order to achieve the desired effect. 2755 2756 In order to help with this situation the Fractint parameter evolver has been 2757 developed. It varies those parameters for you and puts the results 2758 on screen as a grid of small images. You can then choose the one which you 2759 like best and regenerate it full screen, or if you don't like any of the 2760 variations, you can try again to see if anything better turns up! 2761 2762 Enough explanations for now, lets see how easy it is to use: 2763 2764 With the default Mandlebrot set on the screen simply hold down the 'Alt' key 2765 and press the '1' key on the top row (DON'T use the numeric keypad to the 2766 right, it won't work). You'll see a screen full of images generated starting 2767 from the middle and spiraling outwards. The perfect Mandlebrot set will be 2768 in the middle and the others will be warped and distorted by having had the 2769 initial value of Z perturbed at random... but you don't need to know that 2770 (which is the whole point really!). 2771 2772 'Alt-1' produces a low level of mutation of the fractal, only 'mild' 2773 parameters are changed, those which have a more subtle effect. For much 2774 wilder variations try pressing 'Alt-7' now. This give the maximum available 2775 mutation with just about everything being twiddled and fiddled to rather 2776 dramatic effect as you should now be seeing. 2777 2778 To select an image for full screen display simply bring up a zoombox by 2779 pressing 'Page-up' once. The center image will now have a white box around 2780 it. Hold down the 'Ctrl' key and use the arrow keys to move this box around 2781 until it's outlining an image you like. Pressing 'B' will now exit from 2782 evolver mode and redraw the selected image full size. If, rather than exiting 2783 from evolver mode, you just press 'enter', then a whole new set of images 2784 is generated, all based around the one you selected (which is now the middle 2785 image of the new set). 2786 2787 From a basic point of view that's it! Just press alt-number to scramble 2788 things when you're out of inspiration, it works for any of the fractal 2789 types in fractint including formulae... easy! (chaotic, but easy :-) ) 2790 2791 As this is a Fractint feature, there is, of course, a lot more to it 2792 than the basics described above... 2793 2794 For a start, there are some handy hotkeys to use, 'F2' and 'F3' are used to 2795 alter the amount of mutation or the amount by which the selected parameters 2796 can be varied. 'F2' halves the amount of mutation, 'F3' doubles it. So if 2797 things on-screen are looking a bit samey just press 'F3' a few times to 2798 crank up the mutation level. 2799 2800 Using 'F2' to decrease mutation levels is a way of moving towards a goal 2801 image. Say that a set of images contained one that looked a little like, 2802 maybe, a cats face and you wished to try and get something more cat like. 2803 To achieve this simply select the desired image and press 'F2'. The newly 2804 generated images should be more alike, though probably still quite widely 2805 varied. With luck, one of the new images will be even more cat like. Select 2806 this one and press 'F2' again. Continue like this, selecting the center image 2807 again if there are no improvements in the current generation, until 2808 eventually all the images are alike and you've arrived at your goal (or at 2809 least you're probably as close as it's possible to get with that fractal 2810 type). 2811 2812 As you look for more details in the images it is useful to reduce the number 2813 of images per generation, thus producing larger sub images. Pressing 'F4' 2814 will reduce the number of images per side on the grid by two and pressing 2815 'F5' increments the gridsize similarly. 2816 2817 'F6' will switch between normal random mutation and 'spread' random mutation. 2818 In 'spread' mode the amount of mutation allowed in an image is varied 2819 according to each images position in the grid. Those images near the center 2820 are allowed a lesser degree of freedom of mutation than those around the 2821 outside. This produces a sea of images, stable at the center with wilder 2822 variations around the edges. This mode is best used with larger gridsizes 2823 and becomes completely silly at a gridsize of three! 2824 2825 'Ctrl-e' brings up the evolver control screen on which you have manual access 2826 to the evolution parameters varied by the hotkeys described above.\ 2827 These are: 2828 2829 Gridsize. The number of sub images per side of the screen. Use 2830 odd numbers only. 2831 2832 Max Mutation The maximum amount by which a parameter may be varied 2833 2834 Mutation Reduction The Max mutation value is multiplied by this between 2835 generations. This can be used to automatically goal 2836 seek without having to use the 'F2' key. 2837 2838 Grouting Turns on or off the gap between sub images, at large 2839 values of gridsize this can reclaim valuable screen 2840 area for display use. 2841 2842 Pressing 'F6' brings up a screen from which you can control what parameters 2843 get varied and in what manner. You'll notice that as well as the mutation 2844 modes 'random' and 'spread' there are other ways of stirring things around, 2845 read on...... 2846 2847 As well as randomly mutating parameter values (referred to as 'evolver mode' 2848 or just 'evolving') a chosen set of parameters can be varied steadily across 2849 the screen thus allowing the user to explore what happens as a parameter is 2850 slowly changed ('explorer mode' or 'exploring'). For example, to get 2851 acquainted with parameter exploring and produce a map of the Julia sets, try 2852 this:\ 2853 Start Fractint and set the type to Julia and the resolution higher than 2854 320x200, once the default Julia set has been generated, press 'Ctrl-e' to 2855 bring up the evolver/explorer control panel. 2856 2857 Set evolve mode to yes and then press 'F6' to bring up the screen that allows 2858 you to choose what gets varied. 2859 2860 Now set the first entry (param1) to 'x' and the second (param2) to 'y'. This 2861 tells Fractint to vary param1 (the real part of c) across the screen and 2862 param2 (the imaginary part of c) down the screen. Make sure all the other 2863 parameters are set to 'no' so that nothing else gets changed to confuse 2864 things. 2865 2866 Press 'Return' to go back to the main evolver control screen and you'll see 2867 that a few more items have appeared. These control just how much the 2868 parameters are varied across the screen and what their starting values 2869 should be, leave them as they are but increase gridsz to 15. Also switch 2870 on the parameter zoom box option. 2871 2872 When you exit this control screen with the 'Return' key, you'll see a grid of 2873 Julia sets generated all mapped out onto the imaginary plane, squint and 2874 you'll be able to spot the underlying Mset! 2875 2876 When you press 'Pageup' this time you'll notice that there are two boxes on 2877 screen with a larger box centered around the normal selection box. 2878 'Ctrl-pageup' or 'Ctrl-pagedown' varies the size of this box which 2879 represents the 'parameter' zoom box. The parameter zoombox allows you to 2880 look at smaller areas of the parameter space in more detail. To explain 2881 this further look at how the Julia sets change across the screen, around 2882 the area of 'seahorse valley' on the underlying Mset, the Julia sets 2883 undergo a sharp change in character. This area of change can be examined 2884 in more detail using parameter zooming. Make the outer zoombox a few grids 2885 across and select an image in the area of this change with the outer box 2886 straddling it. Look at the images right in the corners of the parm zoombox, 2887 when you press 'Enter' and a new generation of images is generated the same 2888 images will be in the corners of the screen with more sub images between 2889 them, allowing a finer look at how the change progresses. In this way, you 2890 can observe the chaotic areas in parameter space with the unique pseudo four 2891 dimensional view offered by the explorer. 2892 2893 In the example shown above, you were just exploring the variation in two 2894 'real' parameters, i.e. they can take fractional values, and the idea of 2895 being able to create an image half way between two others is valid. However, 2896 many of the parameters in fractint are discrete, i.e. can be only one of a 2897 set of specific values. Examples of discrete parameters are inside colouring 2898 method or decomposition values and the way in which these are explored is 2899 different in that parameter zooming has no meaning for discrete parameters. 2900 2901 When a discrete parameter is set to vary with x or y it is simply cycled 2902 through all possible values and round again. Words are getting clumsy so 2903 it's time for another example methinks! 2904 2905 First press 'Insert' to restart Fractint and get everything back to its 2906 default values for a fresh start. Set the fractal type to 'fn*fn' this type 2907 requires the user to choose two trig functions and this choice is made on 2908 the 'Z' screen. There are around thirty different functions to choose from 2909 and checking out all the different combinations is a not inconsiderable task 2910 manually. With the explorer, however, it's a piece of cake! 2911 2912 Set the screen resolution to the highest you can view and press 'Ctrl-e' 2913 to bring up the control panel and enable evolving mode. Set the gridsize 2914 to 29 and leave the parameters at their defaults. Now, press 'F6' to enter 2915 'variable tweak central' and set trig function 1 to 'x' and trig function 2 2916 to 'y', and all the others to 'no'. Exit the two screens and you'll see 2917 generated all of the different combinations possible even if they are rather 2918 small examples! 2919 2920 To find out what particular combination of trig functions an image is using, 2921 just select the image using the zoombox and bring up the 'z' screen. You 2922 don't have to press 'Enter', simply highlighting the appropriate image with 2923 the ctrl-arrow keys will do. 2924 2925 And that just about sums up the evolver! Much more could be written but it's 2926 better experienced, try writing your formulae with more variable parameters 2927 and trig functions so that their behavior can be investigated. 2928 2929 Try using it with any fractal type, if in doubt just see what happens! 2930 2931 It should be noted here that some of the fractal types such as the IFS do not 2932 terminate, they run on forever and as such aren't usable with the evolver as 2933 the first sub image would never finish to allow the next one to generate. 2934 These fractal types are detected and you won't be allowed to start the evolver 2935 with these. 2936 2937 There now only remains to mention that you can save image sets and restore 2938 them later to carry on exploring from a different seed image: 2939 's' saves and 'r' restores as in normal fractint operation and the screenfull 2940 is saved as a single gif file. 2941 2942 Have fun! See {Evolver Commands}. 2943; 2944; 2945~Topic=Evolver Commands 2946~Format- 2947 PageUp When no Zoom Box is active, brings one up. 2948 When Zoom Box is active already, shrinks it. 2949 PageDown Expands the Zoom Box. 2950 Expanding past the screen size cancels the Zoom Box. 2951~Doc- 2952 \24 \25 \27 \26 Pans (Moves) the Zoom Box. 2953 Ctrl- \24 \25 \27 \26 Moves the Zoom Box to the next subimage. 2954~Doc+,Online- 2955 Arrow key Pans (Moves) the Zoom Box. 2956 Ctrl-Arrow key Moves the Zoom Box to the next subimage. 2957~Online+ 2958 Enter Redraws the Screen or area inside the Zoom Box. 2959 Ctrl-Enter 'Zoom-out' - expands the image so that your current image 2960 is positioned inside the current zoom-box location. 2961 Ctrl-Pad+/Pad- Rotates the inner Zoom Box. 2962 Ctrl-PgUp/PgDn Changes inner Zoom Box vertical size. 2963 Ctrl-Home/End Changes inner Zoom Box shape. 2964 Ctrl-Ins/Del Changes inner Zoom Box color. 2965 Ctrl-E Brings up the evolver screen. 2966 Space Brings up the evolver screen once in evolver mode. 2967 B Turns off evolver if in evolver mode. 2968 F2 Halves the amount of mutation. 2969 F3 Doubles the amount of mutation. 2970 F4 Generates fewer, bigger images. 2971 F5 Generates more, smaller images. 2972 F6 Switches to/from 'spread' mode with fewer mutations around 2973 the middle. 2974~Format+ 2975 2976 2977; Fractal Types: 2978~Include help2.src 2979; 2980; Doodads, 3D: 2981~Include help3.src 2982; 2983; Parameters, Video Adapters & Modes: 2984~Include help4.src 2985; 2986; The rest: 2987~Include help5.src 2988; 2989; 2990