1def f1(**kwargs):
2    print(kwargs)
3
4f1()
5f1(a=1)
6
7def f2(a, **kwargs):
8    print(a, kwargs)
9
10f2(1)
11f2(1, b=2)
12
13def f3(a, *vargs, **kwargs):
14    print(a, vargs, kwargs)
15
16f3(1)
17f3(1, 2)
18f3(1, b=2)
19f3(1, 2, b=3)
20
21def f4(*vargs, **kwargs):
22    print(vargs, kwargs)
23f4(*(1, 2))
24f4(kw_arg=3)
25f4(*(1, 2), kw_arg=3)
26