1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34 #define _SQLITE3_H_
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
58 # define SQLITE_STDCALL
59 #endif
60 
61 /*
62 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
63 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
64 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
65 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
66 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
67 **
68 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
69 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
70 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
71 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
72 ** noop macros.
73 */
74 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
75 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
76 
77 /*
78 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
79 */
80 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
81 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
82 #endif
83 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
84 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
85 #endif
86 
87 /*
88 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
89 **
90 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
91 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
92 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
93 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
94 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
95 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
96 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
97 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
98 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
99 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
100 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
101 **
102 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
103 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
104 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
105 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
106 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
107 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
108 ** hash of the entire source tree.
109 **
110 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
111 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
112 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
113 */
114 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.10.2"
115 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3010002
116 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2016-01-20 15:27:19 17efb4209f97fb4971656086b138599a91a75ff9"
117 
118 /*
119 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
120 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
121 **
122 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
123 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
124 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
125 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
126 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
127 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
128 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
129 **
130 ** <blockquote><pre>
131 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
132 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
133 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
134 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
135 **
136 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
137 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
138 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
139 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
140 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
141 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
142 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
143 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
144 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
145 **
146 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
147 */
148 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
149 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion(void);
150 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sourceid(void);
151 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
152 
153 /*
154 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
155 **
156 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
157 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
158 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
159 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
160 **
161 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
162 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
163 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
164 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
165 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
166 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
167 **
168 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
169 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
170 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
171 **
172 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
173 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
174 */
175 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
176 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
177 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
178 #endif
179 
180 /*
181 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
182 **
183 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
184 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
185 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
186 **
187 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
188 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
189 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
190 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
191 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
192 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
193 **
194 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
195 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
196 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
197 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
198 **
199 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
200 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
201 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
202 **
203 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
204 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
205 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
206 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
207 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
208 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
209 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
210 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
211 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
212 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
213 **
214 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
215 */
216 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
217 
218 /*
219 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
220 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
221 **
222 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
223 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
224 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
225 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
226 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
227 ** interfaces (such as
228 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
229 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
230 ** sqlite3 object.
231 */
232 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
233 
234 /*
235 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
236 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
237 **
238 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
239 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
240 **
241 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
242 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
243 ** compatibility only.
244 **
245 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
246 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
247 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
248 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
249 */
250 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
251   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
252   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
253 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
254   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
255   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
256 #else
257   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
258   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
259 #endif
260 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
261 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
262 
263 /*
264 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
265 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
266 */
267 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
268 # define double sqlite3_int64
269 #endif
270 
271 /*
272 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
273 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
274 **
275 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
276 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
277 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
278 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
279 ** resources are deallocated.
280 **
281 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
282 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
283 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
284 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
285 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
286 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
287 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
288 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
289 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
290 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
291 **
292 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
293 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
294 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
295 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
296 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
297 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
298 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
299 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
300 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
301 **
302 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
303 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
304 **
305 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
306 ** must be either a NULL
307 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
308 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
309 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
310 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
311 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
312 */
313 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
314 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
315 
316 /*
317 ** The type for a callback function.
318 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
319 ** compatibility and is not documented.
320 */
321 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
322 
323 /*
324 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
325 ** METHOD: sqlite3
326 **
327 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
328 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
329 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
330 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
331 **
332 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
333 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
334 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
335 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
336 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
337 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
338 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
339 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
340 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
341 ** ignored.
342 **
343 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
344 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
345 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
346 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
347 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
348 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
349 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
350 ** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
351 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
352 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
353 ** NULL before returning.
354 **
355 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
356 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
357 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
358 **
359 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
360 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
361 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
362 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
363 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
364 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
365 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
366 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
367 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
368 **
369 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
370 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
371 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
372 ** is not changed.
373 **
374 ** Restrictions:
375 **
376 ** <ul>
377 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
378 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
379 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
380 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
381 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
382 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
383 ** </ul>
384 */
385 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_exec(
386   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
387   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
388   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
389   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
390   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
391 );
392 
393 /*
394 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
395 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
396 **
397 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
398 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
399 **
400 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
401 **
402 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
403 */
404 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
405 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
406 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
407 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
408 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
409 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
410 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
411 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
412 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
413 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
414 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
415 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
416 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
417 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
418 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
419 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
420 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
421 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
422 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
423 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
424 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
425 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
426 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
427 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
428 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
429 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
430 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
431 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
432 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
433 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
434 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
435 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
436 /* end-of-error-codes */
437 
438 /*
439 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
440 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
441 **
442 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
443 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
444 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
445 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
446 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
447 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
448 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
449 ** on a per database connection basis using the
450 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
451 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
452 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
453 */
454 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
455 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
456 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
457 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
458 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
459 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
460 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
461 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
462 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
463 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
464 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
465 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
466 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
467 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
468 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
469 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
470 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
471 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
472 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
473 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
509 
510 /*
511 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
512 **
513 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
514 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
515 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
516 */
517 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
518 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
519 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
521 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
522 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
523 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
524 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
525 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
526 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
527 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
528 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
529 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
530 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
531 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
532 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
533 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
534 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
535 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
536 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
537 
538 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
539 
540 /*
541 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
542 **
543 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
544 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
545 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
546 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
547 ** refers to.
548 **
549 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
550 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
551 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
552 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
553 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
554 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
555 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
556 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
557 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
558 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
559 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
560 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
561 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
562 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
563 ** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
564 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
565 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
566 ** elevated privileges.
567 */
568 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
569 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
570 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
571 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
572 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
573 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
574 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
575 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
576 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
577 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
578 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
579 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
580 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
581 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
582 
583 /*
584 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
585 **
586 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
587 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
588 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
589 */
590 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
591 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
592 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
593 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
594 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
595 
596 /*
597 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
598 **
599 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
600 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
601 ** these integer values as the second argument.
602 **
603 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
604 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
605 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
606 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
607 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
608 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
609 **
610 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
611 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
612 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
613 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
614 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
615 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
616 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
617 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
618 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
619 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
620 ** cares about the difference.)
621 */
622 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
623 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
624 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
625 
626 /*
627 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
628 **
629 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
630 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
631 ** implementations will
632 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
633 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
634 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
635 ** I/O operations on the open file.
636 */
637 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
638 struct sqlite3_file {
639   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
640 };
641 
642 /*
643 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
644 **
645 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
646 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
647 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
648 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
649 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
650 **
651 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
652 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
653 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
654 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
655 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
656 ** to NULL.
657 **
658 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
659 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
660 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
661 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
662 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
663 **
664 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
665 ** <ul>
666 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
667 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
668 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
669 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
670 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
671 ** </ul>
672 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
673 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
674 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
675 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
676 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
677 **
678 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
679 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
680 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
681 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
682 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
683 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
684 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
685 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
686 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
687 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
688 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
689 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
690 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
691 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
692 ** recognize.
693 **
694 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
695 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
696 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
697 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
698 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
699 ** underlying device:
700 **
701 ** <ul>
702 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
703 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
704 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
705 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
706 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
707 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
708 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
709 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
710 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
711 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
712 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
713 ** </ul>
714 **
715 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
716 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
717 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
718 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
719 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
720 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
721 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
722 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
723 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
724 ** to xWrite().
725 **
726 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
727 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
728 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
729 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
730 ** database corruption.
731 */
732 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
733 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
734   int iVersion;
735   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
736   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
737   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
738   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
739   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
740   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
741   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
742   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
743   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
744   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
745   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
746   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
747   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
748   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
749   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
750   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
751   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
752   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
753   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
754   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
755   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
756   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
757 };
758 
759 /*
760 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
761 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
762 **
763 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
764 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
765 ** interface.
766 **
767 ** <ul>
768 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
769 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
770 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
771 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
772 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
773 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
774 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
775 ** compile-time option is used.
776 **
777 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
778 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
779 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
780 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
781 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
782 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
783 ** file run faster.
784 **
785 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
786 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
787 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
788 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
789 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
790 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
791 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
792 ** improve performance on some systems.
793 **
794 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
795 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
796 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
797 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
798 **
799 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
800 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
801 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
802 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
803 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
804 **
805 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
806 ** No longer in use.
807 **
808 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
809 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
810 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
811 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
812 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
813 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
814 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
815 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
816 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
817 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
818 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
819 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
820 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
821 **
822 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
823 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
824 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
825 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
826 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
827 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
828 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
829 **
830 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
831 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
832 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
833 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
834 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
835 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
836 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
837 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
838 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
839 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
840 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
841 ** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
842 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
843 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
844 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
845 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
846 **
847 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
848 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
849 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
850 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
851 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
852 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
853 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
854 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
855 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
856 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
857 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
858 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
859 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
860 ** WAL persistence setting.
861 **
862 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
863 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
864 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
865 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
866 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
867 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
868 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
869 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
870 ** zero-damage mode setting.
871 **
872 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
873 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
874 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
875 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
876 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
877 **
878 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
879 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
880 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
881 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
882 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
883 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
884 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
885 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
886 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
887 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
888 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
889 **
890 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
891 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
892 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
893 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
894 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
895 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
896 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
897 ** upper-most shim only.
898 **
899 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
900 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
901 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
902 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
903 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
904 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
905 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
906 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
907 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
908 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
909 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
910 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
911 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
912 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
913 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
914 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
915 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
916 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
917 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
918 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
919 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
920 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
921 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
922 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
923 **
924 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
925 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
926 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
927 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
928 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
929 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
930 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
931 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
932 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
933 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
934 ** current operation.
935 **
936 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
937 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
938 ** to have SQLite generate a
939 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
940 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
941 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
942 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
943 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
944 **
945 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
946 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
947 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
948 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
949 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
950 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
951 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
952 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
953 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
954 **
955 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
956 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
957 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
958 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
959 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
960 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
961 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
962 **
963 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
964 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
965 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
966 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
967 ** was first opened.
968 **
969 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
970 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
971 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
972 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
973 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
974 **
975 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
976 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
977 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
978 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
979 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
980 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
981 **
982 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
983 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
984 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
985 **
986 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
987 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
988 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
989 ** this opcode.
990 ** </ul>
991 */
992 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
993 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
994 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
995 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
996 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
997 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
998 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
999 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1000 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1001 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1002 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1003 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1004 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1005 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1006 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1007 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1008 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1009 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1010 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1011 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1012 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1013 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1014 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1015 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1016 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1017 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1018 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1019 
1020 /* deprecated names */
1021 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1022 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1023 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1024 
1025 
1026 /*
1027 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1028 **
1029 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1030 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1031 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1032 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1033 **
1034 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1035 */
1036 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1037 
1038 /*
1039 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1040 **
1041 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1042 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1043 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1044 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1045 **
1046 ** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1047 ** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1048 ** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1049 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1050 ** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1051 ** modified.
1052 **
1053 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1054 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1055 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1056 **
1057 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1058 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1059 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1060 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1061 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1062 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1063 **
1064 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1065 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1066 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1067 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1068 ** object once the object has been registered.
1069 **
1070 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1071 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1072 **
1073 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1074 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1075 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1076 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1077 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1078 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1079 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1080 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1081 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1082 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1083 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1084 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1085 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1086 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1087 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1088 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1089 **
1090 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1091 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1092 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1093 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1094 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1095 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1096 **
1097 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1098 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1099 **
1100 ** <ul>
1101 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1102 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1103 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1104 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1105 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1106 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1107 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1108 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1109 ** </ul>)^
1110 **
1111 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1112 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1113 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1114 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1115 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1116 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1117 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1118 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1119 **
1120 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1121 **
1122 ** <ul>
1123 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1124 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1125 ** </ul>
1126 **
1127 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1128 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1129 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1130 ** databases, and subjournals.
1131 **
1132 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1133 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1134 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1135 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1136 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1137 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1138 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1139 ** for exclusive access.
1140 **
1141 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1142 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1143 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1144 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1145 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1146 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1147 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1148 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1149 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1150 **
1151 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1152 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1153 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1154 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1155 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1156 ** directory.
1157 **
1158 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1159 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1160 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1161 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1162 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1163 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1164 **
1165 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1166 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1167 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1168 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1169 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1170 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1171 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1172 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1173 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1174 ** a floating point value.
1175 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1176 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1177 ** a 24-hour day).
1178 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1179 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1180 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1181 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1182 **
1183 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1184 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1185 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1186 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1187 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1188 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1189 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1190 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1191 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1192 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1193 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1194 */
1195 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1196 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1197 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1198   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1199   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1200   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1201   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1202   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1203   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1204   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1205                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1206   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1207   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1208   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1209   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1210   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1211   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1212   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1213   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1214   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1215   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1216   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1217   /*
1218   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1219   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1220   */
1221   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1222   /*
1223   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1224   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1225   */
1226   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1227   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1228   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1229   /*
1230   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1231   ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1232   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1233   */
1234 };
1235 
1236 /*
1237 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1238 **
1239 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1240 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1241 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1242 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1243 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1244 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1245 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1246 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1247 ** the directory).
1248 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1249 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1250 ** release of SQLite.
1251 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1252 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1253 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1254 ** SQLite.
1255 */
1256 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1257 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1258 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1259 
1260 /*
1261 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1262 **
1263 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1264 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1265 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1266 ** xShmLock method:
1267 **
1268 ** <ul>
1269 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1270 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1271 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1272 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1273 ** </ul>
1274 **
1275 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1276 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1277 **
1278 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1279 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1280 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1281 */
1282 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1283 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1284 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1285 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1286 
1287 /*
1288 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1289 **
1290 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1291 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1292 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1293 ** lock outside of this range
1294 */
1295 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1296 
1297 
1298 /*
1299 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1300 **
1301 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1302 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1303 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1304 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1305 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1306 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1307 **
1308 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1309 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1310 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1311 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1312 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1313 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1314 **
1315 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1316 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1317 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1318 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1319 **
1320 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1321 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1322 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1323 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1324 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1325 **
1326 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1327 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1328 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1329 **
1330 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1331 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1332 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1333 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1334 **
1335 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1336 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1337 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1338 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1339 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1340 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1341 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1342 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1343 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1344 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1345 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1346 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1347 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1348 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1349 **
1350 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1351 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1352 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1353 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1354 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1355 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1356 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1357 **
1358 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1359 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1360 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1361 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1362 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1363 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1364 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1365 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1366 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1367 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1368 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1369 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1370 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1371 ** failure.
1372 */
1373 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_initialize(void);
1374 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1375 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_init(void);
1376 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_end(void);
1377 
1378 /*
1379 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1380 **
1381 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1382 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1383 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1384 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1385 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1386 **
1387 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1388 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1389 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1390 **
1391 ** The sqlite3_config() interface
1392 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1393 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1394 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1395 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1396 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1397 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1398 **
1399 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1400 ** [configuration option] that determines
1401 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1402 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1403 ** in the first argument.
1404 **
1405 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1406 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1407 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1408 */
1409 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1410 
1411 /*
1412 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1413 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1414 **
1415 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1416 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1417 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1418 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1419 **
1420 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1421 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1422 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1423 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1424 **
1425 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1426 ** the call is considered successful.
1427 */
1428 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1429 
1430 /*
1431 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1432 **
1433 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1434 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1435 **
1436 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1437 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1438 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1439 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1440 ** By creating an instance of this object
1441 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1442 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1443 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1444 ** dynamic memory needs.
1445 **
1446 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1447 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1448 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1449 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1450 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1451 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1452 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1453 ** conditions.
1454 **
1455 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1456 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1457 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1458 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1459 **
1460 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1461 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1462 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1463 **
1464 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1465 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1466 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1467 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1468 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1469 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1470 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1471 **
1472 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1473 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1474 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1475 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1476 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1477 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1478 **
1479 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1480 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1481 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1482 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1483 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1484 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1485 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1486 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1487 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1488 ** serialization.
1489 **
1490 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1491 ** call to xShutdown().
1492 */
1493 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1494 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1495   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1496   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1497   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1498   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1499   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1500   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1501   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1502   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1503 };
1504 
1505 /*
1506 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1507 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1508 **
1509 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1510 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1511 **
1512 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1513 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1514 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1515 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1516 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1517 ** is invoked.
1518 **
1519 ** <dl>
1520 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1521 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1522 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1523 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1524 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1525 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1526 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1527 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1528 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1529 ** configuration option.</dd>
1530 **
1531 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1532 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1533 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1534 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1535 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1536 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1537 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1538 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1539 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1540 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1541 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1542 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1543 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1544 **
1545 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1546 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1547 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1548 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1549 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1550 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1551 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1552 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1553 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1554 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1555 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1556 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1557 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1558 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1559 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1560 **
1561 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1562 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1563 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1564 ** The argument specifies
1565 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1566 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1567 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1568 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1569 **
1570 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1571 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1572 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1573 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1574 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1575 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1576 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1577 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1578 **
1579 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1580 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1581 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1582 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1583 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1584 **   <ul>
1585 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1586 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1587 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1588 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1589 **   </ul>)^
1590 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1591 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1592 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1593 ** </dd>
1594 **
1595 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1596 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1597 ** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1598 ** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1599 ** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1600 ** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1601 ** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1602 ** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1603 ** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1604 ** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1605 ** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1606 ** times the database page size.
1607 ** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1608 ** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1609 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1610 ** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1611 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1612 ** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1613 ** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1614 ** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1615 ** </dd>
1616 **
1617 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1618 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1619 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1620 ** cache implementation.
1621 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1622 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1623 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1624 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1625 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1626 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1627 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1628 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1629 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1630 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1631 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1632 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1633 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1634 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1635 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1636 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1637 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1638 ** is exhausted.
1639 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1640 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1641 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1642 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1643 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1644 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1645 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1646 **
1647 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1648 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1649 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1650 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1651 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1652 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1653 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1654 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1655 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1656 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1657 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1658 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1659 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1660 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1661 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1662 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1663 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1664 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1665 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1666 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1667 **
1668 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1669 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1670 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1671 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1672 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1673 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1674 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1675 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1676 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1677 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1678 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1679 **
1680 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1681 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1682 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1683 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1684 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1685 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1686 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1687 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1688 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1689 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1690 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1691 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1692 **
1693 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1694 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1695 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1696 ** The first argument is the
1697 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1698 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1699 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1700 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1701 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1702 **
1703 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1704 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1705 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1706 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1707 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1708 **
1709 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1710 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1711 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1712 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1713 **
1714 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1715 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1716 ** global [error log].
1717 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1718 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1719 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1720 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1721 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1722 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1723 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1724 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1725 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1726 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1727 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1728 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1729 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1730 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1731 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1732 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1733 **
1734 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1735 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1736 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1737 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1738 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1739 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1740 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1741 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1742 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1743 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1744 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1745 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1746 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1747 **
1748 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1749 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1750 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1751 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1752 ** ^The default setting is determined
1753 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1754 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1755 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1756 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1757 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1758 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1759 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1760 **
1761 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1762 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1763 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1764 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1765 ** </dd>
1766 **
1767 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1768 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1769 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1770 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1771 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1772 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1773 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1774 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1775 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1776 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1777 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1778 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1779 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1780 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1781 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1782 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1783 **
1784 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1785 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1786 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1787 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1788 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1789 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1790 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1791 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1792 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1793 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1794 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1795 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1796 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1797 **
1798 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1799 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1800 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1801 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1802 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1803 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1804 **
1805 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1806 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1807 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1808 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1809 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1810 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1811 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1812 **
1813 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1814 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1815 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1816 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1817 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1818 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1819 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1820 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1821 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1822 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1823 ** </dl>
1824 */
1825 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1826 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1827 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1828 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1829 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1830 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1831 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1832 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1833 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1834 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1835 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1836 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1837 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1838 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1839 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1840 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1841 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1842 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1843 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1844 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1845 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1846 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1847 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1848 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1849 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1850 
1851 /*
1852 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1853 **
1854 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1855 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1856 **
1857 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1858 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1859 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1860 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1861 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1862 ** is invoked.
1863 **
1864 ** <dl>
1865 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1866 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1867 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1868 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1869 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1870 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1871 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1872 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1873 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1874 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1875 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1876 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1877 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1878 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1879 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1880 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1881 ** when the "current value" returned by
1882 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1883 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1884 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1885 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1886 **
1887 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1888 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1889 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1890 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1891 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1892 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1893 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1894 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1895 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1896 **
1897 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1898 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1899 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1900 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1901 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1902 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1903 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1904 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1905 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1906 **
1907 ** </dl>
1908 */
1909 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1910 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1911 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1912 
1913 
1914 /*
1915 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1916 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1917 **
1918 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1919 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1920 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1921 */
1922 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1923 
1924 /*
1925 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1926 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1927 **
1928 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1929 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
1930 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1931 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1932 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1933 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1934 ** is another alias for the rowid.
1935 **
1936 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1937 ** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1938 ** on database connection D.
1939 ** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1940 ** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1941 ** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1942 ** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1943 **
1944 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1945 ** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1946 ** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1947 ** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1948 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1949 ** table method began.)^
1950 **
1951 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1952 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1953 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1954 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1955 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1956 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1957 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1958 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1959 ** the return value of this interface.)^
1960 **
1961 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1962 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1963 **
1964 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1965 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1966 **
1967 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1968 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1969 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1970 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1971 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1972 ** last insert [rowid].
1973 */
1974 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1975 
1976 /*
1977 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1978 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1979 **
1980 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
1981 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
1982 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
1983 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
1984 ** returned by this function.
1985 **
1986 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
1987 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
1988 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
1989 **
1990 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
1991 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
1992 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
1993 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
1994 ** tables are counted.
1995 **
1996 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
1997 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
1998 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
1999 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2000 **
2001 ** <ul>
2002 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2003 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2004 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2005 **
2006 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2007 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2008 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2009 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2010 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2011 ** </ul>
2012 **
2013 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2014 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2015 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2016 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2017 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2018 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2019 **
2020 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2021 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2022 **
2023 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2024 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2025 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2026 */
2027 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2028 
2029 /*
2030 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2031 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2032 **
2033 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2034 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2035 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2036 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2037 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2038 **
2039 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2040 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2041 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2042 ** are not counted.
2043 **
2044 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2045 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2046 **
2047 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2048 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2049 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2050 */
2051 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2052 
2053 /*
2054 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2055 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2056 **
2057 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2058 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2059 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2060 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2061 ** immediately.
2062 **
2063 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2064 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2065 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2066 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2067 **
2068 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2069 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2070 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2071 **
2072 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2073 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2074 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2075 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2076 **
2077 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2078 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2079 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2080 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2081 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2082 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2083 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2084 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2085 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2086 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2087 **
2088 ** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2089 ** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2090 */
2091 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2092 
2093 /*
2094 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2095 **
2096 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2097 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2098 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2099 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2100 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2101 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2102 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2103 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2104 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2105 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2106 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2107 **
2108 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2109 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2110 **
2111 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2112 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2113 **
2114 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2115 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2116 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2117 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2118 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2119 **
2120 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2121 ** UTF-8 string.
2122 **
2123 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2124 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2125 */
2126 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2127 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2128 
2129 /*
2130 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2131 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2132 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2133 **
2134 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2135 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2136 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2137 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2138 ** or process has the table locked.
2139 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2140 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2141 **
2142 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2143 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2144 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2145 **
2146 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2147 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2148 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2149 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2150 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2151 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2152 ** to the application.
2153 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2154 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2155 **
2156 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2157 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2158 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2159 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2160 ** busy handler.
2161 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2162 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2163 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2164 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2165 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2166 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2167 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2168 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2169 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2170 ** the second process to proceed.
2171 **
2172 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2173 **
2174 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2175 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2176 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2177 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2178 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2179 **
2180 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2181 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2182 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2183 ** result in undefined behavior.
2184 **
2185 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2186 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2187 */
2188 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2189 
2190 /*
2191 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2192 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2193 **
2194 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2195 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2196 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2197 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2198 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2199 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2200 **
2201 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2202 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2203 **
2204 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2205 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2206 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2207 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2208 **
2209 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2210 */
2211 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2212 
2213 /*
2214 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2215 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2216 **
2217 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2218 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2219 **
2220 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2221 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2222 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2223 **
2224 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2225 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2226 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2227 ** and M be the number of columns.
2228 **
2229 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2230 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2231 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2232 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2233 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2234 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2235 **
2236 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2237 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2238 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2239 **
2240 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2241 ** is as follows:
2242 **
2243 ** <blockquote><pre>
2244 **        Name        | Age
2245 **        -----------------------
2246 **        Alice       | 43
2247 **        Bob         | 28
2248 **        Cindy       | 21
2249 ** </pre></blockquote>
2250 **
2251 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2252 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2253 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2254 **
2255 ** <blockquote><pre>
2256 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2257 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2258 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2259 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2260 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2261 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2262 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2263 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2264 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2265 **
2266 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2267 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2268 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2269 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2270 **
2271 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2272 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2273 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2274 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2275 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2276 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2277 **
2278 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2279 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2280 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2281 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2282 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2283 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2284 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2285 */
2286 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_table(
2287   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2288   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2289   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2290   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2291   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2292   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2293 );
2294 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2295 
2296 /*
2297 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2298 **
2299 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2300 ** from the standard C library.
2301 ** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2302 ** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2303 ** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2304 ** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2305 **
2306 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2307 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2308 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2309 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2310 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2311 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2312 **
2313 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2314 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2315 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2316 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2317 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2318 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2319 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2320 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2321 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2322 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2323 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2324 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2325 **
2326 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2327 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2328 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2329 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2330 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2331 **
2332 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2333 **
2334 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2335 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2336 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2337 ** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2338 **
2339 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2340 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2341 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2342 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2343 ** the string.
2344 **
2345 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2346 **
2347 ** <blockquote><pre>
2348 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2349 ** </pre></blockquote>
2350 **
2351 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2352 **
2353 ** <blockquote><pre>
2354 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2355 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2356 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2357 ** </pre></blockquote>
2358 **
2359 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2360 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2361 **
2362 ** <blockquote><pre>
2363 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2364 ** </pre></blockquote>
2365 **
2366 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2367 ** would have looked like this:
2368 **
2369 ** <blockquote><pre>
2370 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2371 ** </pre></blockquote>
2372 **
2373 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2374 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2375 **
2376 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2377 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2378 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2379 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2380 **
2381 ** <blockquote><pre>
2382 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2383 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2384 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2385 ** </pre></blockquote>
2386 **
2387 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2388 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2389 **
2390 ** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2391 ** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2392 ** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2393 ** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2394 ** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2395 **
2396 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2397 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2398 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2399 */
2400 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2401 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2402 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2403 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2404 
2405 /*
2406 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2407 **
2408 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2409 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2410 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2411 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2412 **
2413 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2414 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2415 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2416 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2417 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2418 ** a NULL pointer.
2419 **
2420 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2421 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2422 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2423 **
2424 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2425 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2426 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2427 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2428 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2429 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2430 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2431 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2432 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2433 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2434 **
2435 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2436 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2437 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2438 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2439 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2440 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2441 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2442 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2443 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2444 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2445 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2446 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2447 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2448 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2449 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2450 **
2451 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2452 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2453 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2454 **
2455 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2456 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2457 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2458 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2459 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2460 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2461 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2462 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2463 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2464 **
2465 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2466 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2467 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2468 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2469 ** option is used.
2470 **
2471 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2472 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2473 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2474 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2475 **
2476 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2477 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2478 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2479 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2480 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2481 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2482 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2483 **
2484 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2485 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2486 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2487 ** not yet been released.
2488 **
2489 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2490 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2491 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2492 */
2493 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc(int);
2494 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2495 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2496 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2497 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free(void*);
2498 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_msize(void*);
2499 
2500 /*
2501 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2502 **
2503 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2504 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2505 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2506 **
2507 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2508 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2509 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2510 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2511 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2512 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2513 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2514 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2515 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2516 **
2517 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2518 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2519 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2520 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2521 ** prior to the reset.
2522 */
2523 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2524 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2525 
2526 /*
2527 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2528 **
2529 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2530 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2531 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2532 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2533 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2534 **
2535 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2536 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2537 **
2538 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2539 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2540 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2541 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2542 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2543 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2544 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2545 ** method.
2546 */
2547 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2548 
2549 /*
2550 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2551 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2552 **
2553 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2554 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2555 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2556 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2557 ** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2558 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2559 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2560 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2561 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2562 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2563 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2564 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2565 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2566 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2567 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2568 **
2569 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2570 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2571 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2572 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2573 ** access is denied.
2574 **
2575 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2576 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2577 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2578 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2579 ** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2580 ** details about the action to be authorized.
2581 **
2582 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2583 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2584 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2585 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2586 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2587 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2588 ** columns of a table.
2589 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2590 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2591 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2592 **
2593 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2594 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2595 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2596 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2597 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2598 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2599 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2600 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2601 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2602 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2603 **
2604 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2605 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2606 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2607 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2608 **
2609 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2610 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2611 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2612 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2613 **
2614 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2615 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2616 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2617 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2618 **
2619 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2620 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2621 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2622 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2623 **
2624 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2625 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2626 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2627 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2628 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2629 */
2630 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2631   sqlite3*,
2632   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2633   void *pUserData
2634 );
2635 
2636 /*
2637 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2638 **
2639 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2640 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2641 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2642 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2643 ** information.
2644 **
2645 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2646 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2647 */
2648 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2649 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2650 
2651 /*
2652 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2653 **
2654 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2655 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2656 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2657 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2658 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2659 **
2660 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2661 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2662 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2663 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2664 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2665 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2666 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2667 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2668 ** top-level SQL code.
2669 */
2670 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2671 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2672 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2673 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2674 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2675 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2676 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2677 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2678 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2679 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2680 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2681 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2682 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2683 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2684 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2685 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2686 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2687 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2688 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2689 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2690 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2691 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2692 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2693 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2694 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2695 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2696 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2697 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2698 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2699 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2700 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2701 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2702 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2703 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2704 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2705 
2706 /*
2707 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2708 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2709 **
2710 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2711 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2712 **
2713 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2714 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2715 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2716 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2717 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2718 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2719 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2720 **
2721 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2722 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2723 **
2724 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2725 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2726 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2727 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2728 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2729 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2730 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2731 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2732 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2733 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2734 */
2735 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2736 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2737    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2738 
2739 /*
2740 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2741 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2742 **
2743 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2744 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2745 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2746 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
2747 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2748 **
2749 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2750 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2751 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2752 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2753 ** handler is disabled.
2754 **
2755 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2756 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2757 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2758 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2759 ** than 1.
2760 **
2761 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2762 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2763 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2764 **
2765 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2766 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2767 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2768 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2769 **
2770 */
2771 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2772 
2773 /*
2774 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2775 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
2776 **
2777 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2778 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2779 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2780 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2781 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2782 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2783 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2784 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2785 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2786 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2787 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2788 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2789 **
2790 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2791 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2792 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2793 **
2794 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2795 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2796 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2797 **
2798 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2799 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2800 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2801 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2802 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2803 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2804 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2805 **
2806 ** <dl>
2807 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2808 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2809 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2810 **
2811 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2812 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2813 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2814 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2815 **
2816 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2817 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2818 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2819 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2820 ** </dl>
2821 **
2822 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2823 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2824 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2825 ** then the behavior is undefined.
2826 **
2827 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2828 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2829 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2830 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2831 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2832 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2833 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2834 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2835 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2836 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2837 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2838 **
2839 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2840 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2841 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2842 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2843 **
2844 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2845 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2846 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2847 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2848 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2849 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2850 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2851 **
2852 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2853 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2854 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2855 **
2856 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2857 **
2858 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2859 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2860 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2861 ** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2862 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2863 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2864 ** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2865 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2866 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2867 ** information.
2868 **
2869 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2870 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2871 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2872 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2873 ** present, is ignored.
2874 **
2875 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2876 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2877 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2878 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2879 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2880 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2881 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2882 **
2883 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
2884 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2885 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2886 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2887 ** following query parameters:
2888 **
2889 ** <ul>
2890 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2891 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2892 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2893 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2894 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2895 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2896 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2897 **
2898 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2899 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2900 **     an error)^.
2901 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2902 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2903 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2904 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2905 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2906 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2907 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2908 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2909 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2910 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2911 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2912 **
2913 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2914 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2915 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2916 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2917 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2918 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2919 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2920 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2921 **
2922 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2923 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2924 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
2925 **
2926 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2927 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2928 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2929 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2930 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2931 **     processes uses nolock=1.
2932 **
2933 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2934 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2935 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2936 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2937 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2938 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2939 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2940 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2941 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2942 **
2943 ** </ul>
2944 **
2945 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2946 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2947 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2948 ** additional information.
2949 **
2950 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2951 **
2952 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2953 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2954 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2955 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2956 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2957 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2958 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2959 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2960 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2961 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2962 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2963 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2964 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2965 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2966 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2967 **          in URI filenames.
2968 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2969 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2970 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2971 **          default, use a private cache.
2972 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2973 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2974 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2975 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2976 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2977 ** </table>
2978 **
2979 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2980 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2981 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2982 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2983 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2984 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2985 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2986 ** the results are undefined.
2987 **
2988 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2989 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2990 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2991 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2992 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2993 **
2994 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2995 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2996 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2997 **
2998 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2999 */
3000 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open(
3001   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3002   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3003 );
3004 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open16(
3005   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3006   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3007 );
3008 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open_v2(
3009   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3010   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3011   int flags,              /* Flags */
3012   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3013 );
3014 
3015 /*
3016 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3017 **
3018 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3019 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3020 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3021 **
3022 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3023 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3024 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3025 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3026 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3027 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3028 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3029 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3030 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3031 **
3032 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3033 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3034 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3035 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3036 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3037 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3038 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3039 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3040 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3041 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3042 **
3043 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3044 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3045 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3046 ** zero is returned.
3047 **
3048 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3049 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3050 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3051 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3052 ** undesirable.
3053 */
3054 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3055 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3056 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3057 
3058 
3059 /*
3060 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3061 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3062 **
3063 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3064 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3065 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3066 ** API call.
3067 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
3068 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3069 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3070 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3071 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3072 ** disabled.
3073 **
3074 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3075 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3076 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3077 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3078 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3079 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3080 **
3081 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3082 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3083 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3084 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3085 **
3086 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3087 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3088 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3089 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3090 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3091 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3092 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3093 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3094 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3095 **
3096 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3097 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3098 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3099 */
3100 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3101 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3102 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3103 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3104 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errstr(int);
3105 
3106 /*
3107 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3108 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3109 **
3110 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3111 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3112 **
3113 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3114 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3115 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3116 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
3117 **
3118 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3119 **
3120 ** <ol>
3121 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3122 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3123 **      interfaces.
3124 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3125 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3126 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3127 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3128 ** </ol>
3129 */
3130 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3131 
3132 /*
3133 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3134 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3135 **
3136 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3137 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3138 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3139 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3140 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3141 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3142 **
3143 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3144 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3145 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3146 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3147 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3148 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3149 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3150 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3151 **
3152 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3153 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3154 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3155 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3156 **
3157 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3158 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3159 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3160 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3161 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3162 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3163 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3164 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3165 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3166 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3167 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3168 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3169 **
3170 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3171 */
3172 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3173 
3174 /*
3175 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3176 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3177 **
3178 ** These constants define various performance limits
3179 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3180 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3181 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3182 **
3183 ** <dl>
3184 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3185 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3186 **
3187 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3188 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3189 **
3190 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3191 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3192 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3193 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3194 **
3195 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3196 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3197 **
3198 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3199 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3200 **
3201 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3202 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3203 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3204 ** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3205 ** SQLite.</dd>)^
3206 **
3207 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3208 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3209 **
3210 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3211 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3212 **
3213 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3214 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3215 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3216 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3217 **
3218 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3219 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3220 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3221 **
3222 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3223 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3224 **
3225 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3226 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3227 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3228 ** </dl>
3229 */
3230 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3231 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3232 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3233 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3234 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3235 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3236 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3237 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3238 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3239 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3240 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3241 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3242 
3243 /*
3244 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3245 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3246 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3247 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3248 **
3249 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3250 ** program using one of these routines.
3251 **
3252 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3253 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3254 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3255 **
3256 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3257 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3258 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3259 ** use UTF-16.
3260 **
3261 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3262 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3263 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3264 ** statement is generated.
3265 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3266 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3267 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3268 ** the nul-terminator.
3269 **
3270 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3271 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3272 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3273 ** what remains uncompiled.
3274 **
3275 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3276 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3277 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3278 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3279 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3280 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3281 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3282 **
3283 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3284 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3285 **
3286 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3287 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3288 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3289 ** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3290 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3291 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3292 ** behave differently in three ways:
3293 **
3294 ** <ol>
3295 ** <li>
3296 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3297 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3298 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3299 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3300 ** </li>
3301 **
3302 ** <li>
3303 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3304 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3305 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3306 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3307 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3308 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3309 ** </li>
3310 **
3311 ** <li>
3312 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3313 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3314 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3315 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3316 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3317 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3318 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3319 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3320 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3321 ** </li>
3322 ** </ol>
3323 */
3324 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare(
3325   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3326   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3327   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3328   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3329   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3330 );
3331 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3332   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3333   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3334   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3335   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3336   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3337 );
3338 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16(
3339   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3340   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3341   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3342   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3343   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3344 );
3345 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3346   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3347   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3348   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3349   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3350   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3351 );
3352 
3353 /*
3354 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3355 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3356 **
3357 ** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3358 ** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3359 ** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3360 */
3361 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3362 
3363 /*
3364 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3365 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3366 **
3367 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3368 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3369 ** the content of the database file.
3370 **
3371 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3372 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3373 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3374 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3375 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3376 **
3377 ** <blockquote><pre>
3378 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3379 ** </pre></blockquote>
3380 **
3381 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3382 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3383 **
3384 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3385 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3386 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3387 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3388 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3389 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3390 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3391 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3392 */
3393 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3394 
3395 /*
3396 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3397 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3398 **
3399 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3400 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3401 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3402 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3403 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3404 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3405 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3406 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3407 **
3408 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3409 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3410 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3411 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3412 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3413 */
3414 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3415 
3416 /*
3417 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3418 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3419 **
3420 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3421 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3422 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3423 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3424 **
3425 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3426 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3427 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3428 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3429 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3430 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3431 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3432 **
3433 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3434 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3435 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3436 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3437 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3438 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3439 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3440 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3441 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3442 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3443 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3444 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3445 **
3446 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3447 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3448 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3449 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3450 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3451 ** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3452 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3453 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3454 */
3455 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3456 
3457 /*
3458 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3459 **
3460 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3461 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3462 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3463 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3464 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3465 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3466 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3467 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3468 */
3469 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3470 
3471 /*
3472 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3473 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3474 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3475 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3476 **
3477 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3478 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3479 ** templates:
3480 **
3481 ** <ul>
3482 ** <li>  ?
3483 ** <li>  ?NNN
3484 ** <li>  :VVV
3485 ** <li>  @VVV
3486 ** <li>  $VVV
3487 ** </ul>
3488 **
3489 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3490 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3491 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3492 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3493 **
3494 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3495 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3496 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3497 **
3498 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3499 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3500 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3501 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3502 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3503 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3504 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3505 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3506 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3507 **
3508 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3509 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3510 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3511 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3512 **
3513 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3514 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3515 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3516 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3517 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3518 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3519 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3520 ** the behavior is undefined.
3521 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3522 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3523 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3524 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3525 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3526 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3527 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3528 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3529 **
3530 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3531 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3532 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3533 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3534 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3535 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3536 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3537 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3538 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3539 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3540 **
3541 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3542 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3543 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3544 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3545 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3546 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3547 ** is undefined.
3548 **
3549 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3550 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3551 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3552 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3553 ** content is later written using
3554 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3555 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3556 **
3557 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3558 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3559 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3560 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3561 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3562 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3563 **
3564 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3565 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3566 **
3567 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3568 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3569 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3570 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3571 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3572 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3573 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3574 **
3575 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3576 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3577 */
3578 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3579 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3580                         void(*)(void*));
3581 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3582 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3583 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3584 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3585 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3586 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3587 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3588                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3589 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3590 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3591 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3592 
3593 /*
3594 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3595 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3596 **
3597 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3598 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3599 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3600 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3601 ** to the parameters at a later time.
3602 **
3603 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3604 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3605 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3606 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3607 **
3608 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3609 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3610 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3611 */
3612 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3613 
3614 /*
3615 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3616 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3617 **
3618 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3619 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3620 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3621 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3622 ** respectively.
3623 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3624 ** is included as part of the name.)^
3625 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3626 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3627 **
3628 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3629 **
3630 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3631 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3632 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3633 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3634 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3635 **
3636 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3637 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3638 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3639 */
3640 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3641 
3642 /*
3643 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3644 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3645 **
3646 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3647 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3648 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3649 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3650 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3651 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3652 **
3653 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3654 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3655 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
3656 */
3657 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3658 
3659 /*
3660 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3661 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3662 **
3663 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3664 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3665 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3666 */
3667 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3668 
3669 /*
3670 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3671 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3672 **
3673 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3674 ** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3675 ** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3676 **
3677 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3678 */
3679 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3680 
3681 /*
3682 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3683 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3684 **
3685 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3686 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3687 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3688 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3689 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3690 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3691 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3692 **
3693 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3694 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3695 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3696 ** or until the next call to
3697 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3698 **
3699 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3700 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3701 ** NULL pointer is returned.
3702 **
3703 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3704 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3705 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3706 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
3707 */
3708 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3709 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3710 
3711 /*
3712 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3713 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3714 **
3715 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3716 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3717 ** [SELECT] statement.
3718 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3719 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3720 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3721 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3722 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3723 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3724 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3725 ** or until the same information is requested
3726 ** again in a different encoding.
3727 **
3728 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3729 ** database, table, and column.
3730 **
3731 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3732 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3733 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3734 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3735 **
3736 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3737 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3738 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3739 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3740 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3741 **
3742 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3743 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3744 **
3745 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3746 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3747 **
3748 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3749 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3750 ** undefined.
3751 **
3752 ** If two or more threads call one or more
3753 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3754 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3755 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3756 */
3757 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3758 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3759 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3760 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3761 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3762 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3763 
3764 /*
3765 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3766 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3767 **
3768 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3769 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3770 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3771 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3772 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3773 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3774 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3775 **
3776 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3777 **
3778 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3779 **
3780 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
3781 **
3782 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3783 **
3784 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3785 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3786 **
3787 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3788 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3789 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3790 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3791 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3792 ** used to hold those values.
3793 */
3794 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3795 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3796 
3797 /*
3798 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3799 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3800 **
3801 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3802 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3803 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3804 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3805 **
3806 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3807 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3808 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3809 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3810 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3811 ** interface will continue to be supported.
3812 **
3813 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3814 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3815 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3816 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3817 **
3818 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3819 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3820 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3821 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3822 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3823 ** continuing.
3824 **
3825 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3826 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3827 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3828 ** machine back to its initial state.
3829 **
3830 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3831 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3832 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3833 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3834 **
3835 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3836 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3837 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3838 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3839 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3840 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3841 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3842 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3843 **
3844 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3845 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3846 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3847 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3848 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3849 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
3850 **
3851 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3852 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3853 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3854 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3855 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3856 ** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3857 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3858 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3859 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3860 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3861 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3862 **
3863 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3864 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3865 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3866 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3867 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3868 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3869 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3870 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3871 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3872 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3873 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3874 */
3875 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3876 
3877 /*
3878 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3879 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3880 **
3881 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3882 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3883 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3884 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3885 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3886 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3887 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3888 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3889 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3890 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3891 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3892 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3893 **
3894 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3895 */
3896 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3897 
3898 /*
3899 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3900 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3901 **
3902 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3903 **
3904 ** <ul>
3905 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3906 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3907 ** <li> string
3908 ** <li> BLOB
3909 ** <li> NULL
3910 ** </ul>)^
3911 **
3912 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3913 **
3914 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3915 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3916 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3917 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
3918 */
3919 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3920 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3921 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3922 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
3923 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3924 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
3925 #else
3926 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3927 #endif
3928 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3929 
3930 /*
3931 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3932 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3933 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3934 **
3935 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3936 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3937 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3938 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3939 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3940 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3941 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3942 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3943 **
3944 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3945 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3946 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3947 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3948 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3949 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3950 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3951 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3952 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3953 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3954 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3955 **
3956 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3957 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3958 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3959 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3960 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3961 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3962 ** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3963 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3964 ** following a type conversion.
3965 **
3966 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3967 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3968 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3969 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3970 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3971 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3972 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3973 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3974 **
3975 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3976 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3977 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3978 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3979 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3980 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3981 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3982 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3983 **
3984 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3985 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3986 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3987 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3988 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3989 **
3990 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3991 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3992 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3993 **
3994 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3995 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
3996 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
3997 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3998 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3999 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4000 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4001 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4002 **
4003 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
4004 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4005 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4006 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4007 ** that are applied:
4008 **
4009 ** <blockquote>
4010 ** <table border="1">
4011 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4012 **
4013 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4014 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4015 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4016 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4017 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4018 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4019 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4020 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4021 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4022 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4023 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4024 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4025 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4026 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4027 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4028 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4029 ** </table>
4030 ** </blockquote>)^
4031 **
4032 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4033 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4034 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4035 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4036 ** in the following cases:
4037 **
4038 ** <ul>
4039 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4040 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4041 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
4042 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4043 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4044 **      to UTF-16.</li>
4045 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4046 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4047 **      to UTF-8.</li>
4048 ** </ul>
4049 **
4050 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4051 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4052 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4053 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4054 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4055 **
4056 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4057 ** in one of the following ways:
4058 **
4059 ** <ul>
4060 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4061 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4062 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4063 ** </ul>
4064 **
4065 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4066 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4067 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4068 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4069 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4070 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4071 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4072 **
4073 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4074 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4075 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4076 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4077 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4078 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4079 **
4080 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4081 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4082 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4083 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4084 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4085 */
4086 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4087 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4088 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4089 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4090 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4091 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4092 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4093 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4094 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4095 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4096 
4097 /*
4098 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4099 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4100 **
4101 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4102 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4103 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4104 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4105 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4106 ** [extended error code].
4107 **
4108 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4109 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4110 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4111 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4112 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4113 ** completed execution.
4114 **
4115 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4116 **
4117 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4118 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4119 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4120 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4121 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4122 */
4123 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4124 
4125 /*
4126 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4127 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4128 **
4129 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4130 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4131 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4132 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4133 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4134 **
4135 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4136 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4137 **
4138 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4139 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4140 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4141 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4142 **
4143 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4144 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4145 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4146 **
4147 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4148 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4149 */
4150 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4151 
4152 /*
4153 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4154 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4155 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4156 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4157 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4158 **
4159 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4160 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4161 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4162 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4163 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4164 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4165 ** the application data pointer.
4166 **
4167 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4168 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4169 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4170 ** to each database connection separately.
4171 **
4172 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4173 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4174 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4175 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4176 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4177 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4178 **
4179 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4180 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4181 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4182 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4183 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4184 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4185 ** undefined.
4186 **
4187 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4188 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4189 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4190 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4191 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4192 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4193 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4194 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4195 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4196 ** each encoding.
4197 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4198 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4199 **
4200 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4201 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4202 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4203 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4204 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4205 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4206 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4207 **
4208 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4209 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4210 **
4211 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4212 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4213 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4214 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4215 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4216 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4217 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4218 ** callbacks.
4219 **
4220 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4221 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4222 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4223 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4224 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4225 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4226 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4227 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4228 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4229 **
4230 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4231 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4232 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4233 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4234 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4235 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4236 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4237 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4238 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4239 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4240 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4241 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4242 **
4243 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4244 **
4245 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4246 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4247 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4248 ** statement in which the function is running.
4249 */
4250 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function(
4251   sqlite3 *db,
4252   const char *zFunctionName,
4253   int nArg,
4254   int eTextRep,
4255   void *pApp,
4256   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4257   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4258   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4259 );
4260 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function16(
4261   sqlite3 *db,
4262   const void *zFunctionName,
4263   int nArg,
4264   int eTextRep,
4265   void *pApp,
4266   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4267   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4268   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4269 );
4270 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4271   sqlite3 *db,
4272   const char *zFunctionName,
4273   int nArg,
4274   int eTextRep,
4275   void *pApp,
4276   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4277   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4278   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4279   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4280 );
4281 
4282 /*
4283 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4284 **
4285 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4286 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4287 */
4288 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4289 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4290 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4291 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4292 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4293 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4294 
4295 /*
4296 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4297 **
4298 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4299 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4300 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4301 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4302 */
4303 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4304 
4305 /*
4306 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4307 ** DEPRECATED
4308 **
4309 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4310 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4311 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4312 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4313 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4314 */
4315 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4316 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4317 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4318 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4319 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4320 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4321 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4322                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4323 #endif
4324 
4325 /*
4326 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4327 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4328 **
4329 ** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4330 ** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4331 ** the function or aggregate.
4332 **
4333 ** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4334 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4335 ** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4336 ** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4337 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4338 ** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4339 ** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4340 **
4341 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4342 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4343 ** object results in undefined behavior.
4344 **
4345 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4346 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4347 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4348 **
4349 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4350 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4351 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4352 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4353 **
4354 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4355 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4356 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4357 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4358 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4359 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4360 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4361 **
4362 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4363 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4364 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4365 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4366 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4367 **
4368 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4369 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4370 */
4371 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4372 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4373 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4374 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4375 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4376 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4377 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4378 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4379 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4380 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4381 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4382 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4383 
4384 /*
4385 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4386 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4387 **
4388 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4389 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4390 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4391 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4392 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4393 **
4394 ** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
4395 ** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
4396 ** input of another.
4397 */
4398 SQLITE_API unsigned int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4399 
4400 /*
4401 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4402 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4403 **
4404 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4405 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4406 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4407 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4408 ** memory allocation fails.
4409 **
4410 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4411 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4412 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4413 */
4414 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4415 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4416 
4417 /*
4418 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4419 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4420 **
4421 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4422 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4423 **
4424 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4425 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4426 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4427 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4428 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4429 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4430 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4431 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4432 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4433 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4434 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4435 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4436 **
4437 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4438 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4439 ** allocate error occurs.
4440 **
4441 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4442 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4443 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4444 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4445 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4446 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4447 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4448 **
4449 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4450 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4451 **
4452 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4453 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4454 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4455 ** function.
4456 **
4457 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4458 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4459 */
4460 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4461 
4462 /*
4463 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4464 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4465 **
4466 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4467 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4468 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4469 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4470 ** registered the application defined function.
4471 **
4472 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4473 ** the application-defined function is running.
4474 */
4475 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4476 
4477 /*
4478 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4479 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4480 **
4481 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4482 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4483 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4484 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4485 ** registered the application defined function.
4486 */
4487 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4488 
4489 /*
4490 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4491 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4492 **
4493 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4494 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4495 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4496 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4497 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4498 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4499 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4500 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4501 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4502 ** invocations of the same function.
4503 **
4504 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4505 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4506 ** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4507 ** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4508 ** returns a NULL pointer.
4509 **
4510 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4511 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4512 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4513 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4514 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4515 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4516 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4517 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4518 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4519 ** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4520 ** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4521 **      SQL statement, or
4522 ** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4523 ** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4524 **      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4525 **
4526 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4527 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4528 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4529 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4530 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4531 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4532 **
4533 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4534 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4535 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4536 **
4537 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4538 ** the SQL function is running.
4539 */
4540 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4541 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4542 
4543 
4544 /*
4545 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4546 **
4547 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4548 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4549 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4550 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4551 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4552 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4553 ** the content before returning.
4554 **
4555 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4556 ** C++ compilers.
4557 */
4558 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4559 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4560 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4561 
4562 /*
4563 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4564 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4565 **
4566 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4567 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4568 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4569 ** for additional information.
4570 **
4571 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4572 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4573 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4574 **
4575 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4576 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4577 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4578 ** third parameter.
4579 **
4580 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
4581 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
4582 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
4583 **
4584 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4585 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4586 ** by its 2nd argument.
4587 **
4588 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4589 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4590 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4591 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4592 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4593 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4594 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4595 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4596 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4597 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
4598 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4599 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4600 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4601 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4602 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4603 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4604 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
4605 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4606 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4607 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4608 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4609 **
4610 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4611 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4612 **
4613 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4614 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4615 **
4616 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4617 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4618 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4619 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4620 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4621 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4622 **
4623 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4624 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4625 **
4626 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4627 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4628 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4629 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4630 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4631 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4632 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4633 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4634 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4635 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4636 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4637 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4638 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4639 ** through the first zero character.
4640 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4641 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4642 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4643 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4644 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4645 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4646 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4647 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4648 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4649 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4650 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4651 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4652 ** finished using that result.
4653 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4654 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4655 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4656 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4657 ** when it has finished using that result.
4658 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4659 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4660 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4661 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4662 **
4663 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4664 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4665 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4666 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4667 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4668 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4669 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4670 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4671 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4672 **
4673 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4674 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4675 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4676 */
4677 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4678 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4679                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4680 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4681 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4682 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4683 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4684 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4685 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4686 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4687 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4688 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4689 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4690 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4691                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4692 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4693 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4694 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4695 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4696 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4697 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
4698 
4699 
4700 /*
4701 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
4702 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4703 **
4704 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
4705 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
4706 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
4707 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
4708 ** higher order bits are discarded.
4709 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
4710 ** in future releases of SQLite.
4711 */
4712 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
4713 
4714 /*
4715 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4716 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4717 **
4718 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4719 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4720 **
4721 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4722 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4723 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4724 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4725 ** considered to be the same name.
4726 **
4727 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4728 ** <ul>
4729 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4730 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4731 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4732 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4733 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4734 ** </ul>)^
4735 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4736 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4737 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4738 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4739 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4740 ** on an even byte address.
4741 **
4742 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4743 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4744 **
4745 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4746 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4747 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4748 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4749 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4750 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4751 ** that collation is no longer usable.
4752 **
4753 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4754 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4755 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4756 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4757 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4758 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4759 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4760 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4761 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4762 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4763 ** strings A, B, and C:
4764 **
4765 ** <ol>
4766 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4767 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4768 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4769 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4770 ** </ol>
4771 **
4772 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4773 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4774 ** is undefined.
4775 **
4776 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4777 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4778 ** the collating function is deleted.
4779 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4780 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4781 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4782 **
4783 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4784 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4785 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4786 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4787 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4788 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4789 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4790 ** compatibility.
4791 **
4792 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4793 */
4794 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation(
4795   sqlite3*,
4796   const char *zName,
4797   int eTextRep,
4798   void *pArg,
4799   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4800 );
4801 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4802   sqlite3*,
4803   const char *zName,
4804   int eTextRep,
4805   void *pArg,
4806   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4807   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4808 );
4809 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation16(
4810   sqlite3*,
4811   const void *zName,
4812   int eTextRep,
4813   void *pArg,
4814   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4815 );
4816 
4817 /*
4818 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4819 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4820 **
4821 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4822 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4823 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4824 ** sequence is required.
4825 **
4826 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4827 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4828 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4829 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4830 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4831 **
4832 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4833 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4834 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4835 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4836 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4837 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4838 ** required collation sequence.)^
4839 **
4840 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4841 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4842 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4843 */
4844 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed(
4845   sqlite3*,
4846   void*,
4847   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4848 );
4849 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4850   sqlite3*,
4851   void*,
4852   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4853 );
4854 
4855 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4856 /*
4857 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4858 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
4859 **
4860 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4861 ** of SQLite.
4862 */
4863 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key(
4864   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4865   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4866 );
4867 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key_v2(
4868   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4869   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4870   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4871 );
4872 
4873 /*
4874 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4875 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4876 ** database is decrypted.
4877 **
4878 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4879 ** of SQLite.
4880 */
4881 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey(
4882   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4883   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4884 );
4885 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4886   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4887   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4888   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4889 );
4890 
4891 /*
4892 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4893 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4894 */
4895 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_see(
4896   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4897 );
4898 #endif
4899 
4900 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4901 /*
4902 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4903 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4904 */
4905 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4906   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4907 );
4908 #endif
4909 
4910 /*
4911 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4912 **
4913 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4914 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4915 **
4916 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4917 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4918 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4919 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
4920 **
4921 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4922 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4923 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4924 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4925 ** in the previous paragraphs.
4926 */
4927 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sleep(int);
4928 
4929 /*
4930 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4931 **
4932 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4933 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4934 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4935 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4936 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4937 ** temporary file directory.
4938 **
4939 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4940 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4941 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4942 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4943 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4944 ** be avoided in new projects.
4945 **
4946 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4947 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4948 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4949 ** thread.
4950 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4951 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4952 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4953 ** thereafter.
4954 **
4955 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4956 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4957 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4958 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4959 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4960 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4961 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4962 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4963 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4964 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4965 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4966 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4967 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4968 ** objects have been destroyed.
4969 **
4970 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4971 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4972 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4973 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4974 **
4975 ** <blockquote><pre>
4976 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4977 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4978 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4979 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4980 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4981 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4982 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4983 ** </pre></blockquote>
4984 */
4985 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4986 
4987 /*
4988 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4989 **
4990 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4991 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4992 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4993 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4994 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4995 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4996 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4997 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4998 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4999 **
5000 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5001 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
5002 **
5003 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5004 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5005 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5006 ** thread.
5007 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5008 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5009 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5010 ** thereafter.
5011 **
5012 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5013 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5014 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5015 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5016 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5017 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5018 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5019 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5020 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5021 */
5022 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5023 
5024 /*
5025 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5026 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5027 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5028 **
5029 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5030 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5031 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5032 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5033 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5034 **
5035 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5036 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5037 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5038 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5039 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5040 ** an error is to use this function.
5041 **
5042 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5043 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5044 ** is undefined.
5045 */
5046 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5047 
5048 /*
5049 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5050 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5051 **
5052 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5053 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5054 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5055 ** that was the first argument
5056 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5057 ** create the statement in the first place.
5058 */
5059 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5060 
5061 /*
5062 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5063 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5064 **
5065 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5066 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5067 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5068 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5069 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
5070 **
5071 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5072 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5073 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5074 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5075 */
5076 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5077 
5078 /*
5079 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5080 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5081 **
5082 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5083 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5084 ** the name of a database on connection D.
5085 */
5086 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5087 
5088 /*
5089 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5090 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5091 **
5092 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5093 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5094 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5095 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5096 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5097 **
5098 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5099 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5100 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5101 */
5102 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5103 
5104 /*
5105 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5106 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5107 **
5108 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5109 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5110 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5111 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5112 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5113 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5114 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5115 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5116 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5117 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5118 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5119 **
5120 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5121 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5122 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5123 ** the first call for each function on D.
5124 **
5125 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5126 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5127 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5128 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5129 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5130 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
5131 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5132 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5133 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5134 **
5135 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5136 **
5137 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5138 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5139 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5140 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5141 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5142 **
5143 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5144 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5145 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5146 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5147 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5148 **
5149 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5150 */
5151 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5152 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5153 
5154 /*
5155 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5156 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5157 **
5158 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5159 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5160 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5161 ** a rowid table.
5162 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5163 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5164 **
5165 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5166 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5167 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5168 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5169 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5170 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5171 ** to be invoked.
5172 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5173 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
5174 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5175 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5176 **
5177 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5178 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5179 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5180 **
5181 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5182 ** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5183 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5184 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5185 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5186 ** release of SQLite.
5187 **
5188 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5189 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5190 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5191 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5192 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5193 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5194 **
5195 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5196 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
5197 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5198 ** the first call on D.
5199 **
5200 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
5201 ** interfaces.
5202 */
5203 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_update_hook(
5204   sqlite3*,
5205   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5206   void*
5207 );
5208 
5209 /*
5210 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5211 **
5212 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5213 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5214 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5215 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5216 **
5217 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5218 ** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5219 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5220 **
5221 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5222 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5223 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5224 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5225 **
5226 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5227 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5228 **
5229 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5230 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5231 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5232 **
5233 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5234 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5235 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5236 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5237 **
5238 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5239 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5240 **
5241 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5242 */
5243 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5244 
5245 /*
5246 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5247 **
5248 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5249 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5250 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5251 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5252 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5253 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5254 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5255 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5256 **
5257 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5258 */
5259 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5260 
5261 /*
5262 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5263 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5264 **
5265 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5266 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5267 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5268 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5269 ** omitted.
5270 **
5271 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5272 */
5273 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5274 
5275 /*
5276 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5277 **
5278 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5279 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5280 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5281 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5282 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5283 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5284 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5285 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5286 ** is advisory only.
5287 **
5288 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5289 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5290 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5291 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5292 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5293 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5294 **
5295 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5296 **
5297 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5298 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5299 **
5300 ** <ul>
5301 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5302 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5303 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5304 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5305 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5306 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5307 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5308 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5309 **      from the heap.
5310 ** </ul>)^
5311 **
5312 ** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5313 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5314 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5315 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5316 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5317 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5318 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5319 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5320 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5321 **
5322 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5323 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5324 */
5325 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5326 
5327 /*
5328 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5329 ** DEPRECATED
5330 **
5331 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5332 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5333 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5334 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5335 */
5336 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5337 
5338 
5339 /*
5340 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5341 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5342 **
5343 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5344 ** information about column C of table T in database D
5345 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5346 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5347 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5348 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5349 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5350 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5351 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
5352 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5353 ** does not.
5354 **
5355 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5356 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5357 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5358 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5359 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5360 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5361 **
5362 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5363 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
5364 **
5365 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5366 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5367 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5368 **
5369 ** ^(<blockquote>
5370 ** <table border="1">
5371 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5372 **
5373 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5374 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5375 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5376 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5377 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5378 ** </table>
5379 ** </blockquote>)^
5380 **
5381 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5382 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5383 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5384 **
5385 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5386 **
5387 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5388 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5389 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5390 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5391 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5392 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5393 **
5394 ** <pre>
5395 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5396 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5397 **     not null: 0
5398 **     primary key: 1
5399 **     auto increment: 0
5400 ** </pre>)^
5401 **
5402 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5403 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5404 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5405 */
5406 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5407   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5408   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5409   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5410   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5411   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5412   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5413   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5414   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5415   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5416 );
5417 
5418 /*
5419 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5420 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5421 **
5422 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5423 **
5424 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5425 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5426 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5427 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5428 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5429 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5430 ** be tried also.
5431 **
5432 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5433 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5434 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5435 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5436 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5437 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5438 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5439 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5440 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5441 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5442 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5443 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5444 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5445 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5446 **
5447 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5448 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5449 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5450 **
5451 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5452 */
5453 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_load_extension(
5454   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5455   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5456   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5457   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5458 );
5459 
5460 /*
5461 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5462 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5463 **
5464 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5465 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5466 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5467 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5468 **
5469 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5470 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5471 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5472 ** it back off again.
5473 */
5474 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5475 
5476 /*
5477 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5478 **
5479 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5480 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5481 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5482 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5483 **
5484 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5485 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5486 ** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5487 ** entry point where as follows:
5488 **
5489 ** <blockquote><pre>
5490 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5491 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5492 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5493 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5494 ** &nbsp;  );
5495 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
5496 **
5497 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5498 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5499 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5500 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5501 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5502 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5503 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5504 **
5505 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5506 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5507 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5508 **
5509 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5510 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5511 */
5512 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5513 
5514 /*
5515 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5516 **
5517 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5518 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5519 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5520 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5521 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5522 ** routines.
5523 */
5524 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5525 
5526 /*
5527 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5528 **
5529 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5530 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5531 */
5532 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5533 
5534 /*
5535 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5536 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5537 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5538 **
5539 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5540 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5541 */
5542 
5543 /*
5544 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5545 */
5546 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5547 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5548 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5549 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5550 
5551 /*
5552 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5553 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5554 **
5555 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5556 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5557 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5558 **
5559 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5560 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5561 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5562 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5563 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5564 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5565 ** any database connection.
5566 */
5567 struct sqlite3_module {
5568   int iVersion;
5569   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5570                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5571                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5572   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5573                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5574                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5575   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5576   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5577   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5578   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5579   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5580   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5581                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5582   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5583   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5584   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5585   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5586   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5587   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5588   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5589   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5590   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5591   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5592                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5593                        void **ppArg);
5594   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5595   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5596   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5597   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5598   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5599   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5600 };
5601 
5602 /*
5603 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5604 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5605 **
5606 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5607 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
5608 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5609 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5610 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5611 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5612 **
5613 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5614 **
5615 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5616 **
5617 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5618 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5619 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5620 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5621 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5622 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5623 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5624 **
5625 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5626 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5627 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5628 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5629 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5630 **
5631 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5632 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5633 **
5634 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
5635 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
5636 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
5637 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
5638 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
5639 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
5640 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
5641 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
5642 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
5643 ** non-zero.
5644 **
5645 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5646 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5647 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5648 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5649 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5650 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5651 **
5652 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5653 ** [xFilter] method.
5654 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5655 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5656 **
5657 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5658 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5659 ** sorting step is required.
5660 **
5661 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5662 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5663 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5664 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5665 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5666 **
5667 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5668 ** will be returned by the strategy.
5669 **
5670 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
5671 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
5672 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
5673 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
5674 **
5675 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
5676 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
5677 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
5678 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
5679 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
5680 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
5681 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
5682 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
5683 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
5684 **
5685 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5686 ** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5687 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5688 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5689 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5690 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5691 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
5692 ** was added for version 3.9.0. It may therefore only be used if
5693 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
5694 ** 3009000.
5695 */
5696 struct sqlite3_index_info {
5697   /* Inputs */
5698   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5699   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5700      int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5701      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5702      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5703      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5704   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5705   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5706   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5707      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5708      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5709   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5710   /* Outputs */
5711   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5712     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5713     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5714   } *aConstraintUsage;
5715   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5716   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5717   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5718   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5719   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5720   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5721   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5722   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
5723   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
5724   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
5725   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
5726 };
5727 
5728 /*
5729 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
5730 */
5731 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
5732 
5733 /*
5734 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5735 **
5736 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5737 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5738 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5739 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5740 */
5741 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
5742 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
5743 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
5744 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
5745 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
5746 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
5747 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
5748 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
5749 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
5750 
5751 /*
5752 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5753 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5754 **
5755 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5756 ** ^Module names must be registered before
5757 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5758 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5759 **
5760 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5761 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5762 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5763 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5764 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5765 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5766 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5767 **
5768 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5769 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5770 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5771 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5772 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5773 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5774 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5775 ** destructor.
5776 */
5777 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module(
5778   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5779   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5780   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5781   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5782 );
5783 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5784   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5785   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5786   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5787   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5788   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5789 );
5790 
5791 /*
5792 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5793 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5794 **
5795 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5796 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
5797 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5798 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5799 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5800 ** common to all module implementations.
5801 **
5802 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5803 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5804 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5805 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5806 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5807 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5808 */
5809 struct sqlite3_vtab {
5810   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5811   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
5812   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5813   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5814 };
5815 
5816 /*
5817 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5818 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5819 **
5820 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5821 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5822 ** [virtual table] and are used
5823 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5824 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5825 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5826 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5827 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5828 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5829 **
5830 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5831 ** are common to all implementations.
5832 */
5833 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5834   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5835   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5836 };
5837 
5838 /*
5839 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5840 **
5841 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5842 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
5843 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5844 ** the virtual tables they implement.
5845 */
5846 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5847 
5848 /*
5849 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5850 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5851 **
5852 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5853 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5854 ** But global versions of those functions
5855 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5856 **
5857 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5858 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5859 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5860 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5861 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5862 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5863 ** by a [virtual table].
5864 */
5865 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5866 
5867 /*
5868 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5869 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5870 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5871 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5872 **
5873 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5874 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5875 */
5876 
5877 /*
5878 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5879 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5880 **
5881 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5882 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5883 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5884 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5885 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5886 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5887 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5888 */
5889 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5890 
5891 /*
5892 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5893 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5894 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
5895 **
5896 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5897 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5898 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5899 **
5900 ** <pre>
5901 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5902 ** </pre>)^
5903 **
5904 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
5905 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
5906 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
5907 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
5908 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
5909 **
5910 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5911 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
5912 ** read-only access.
5913 **
5914 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
5915 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
5916 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
5917 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
5918 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
5919 **
5920 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
5921 ** <ul>
5922 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
5923 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
5924 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
5925 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
5926 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
5927 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
5928 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
5929 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
5930 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
5931 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
5932 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
5933 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
5934 ** </ul>
5935 **
5936 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
5937 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5938 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5939 **
5940 **
5941 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5942 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5943 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5944 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5945 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5946 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5947 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5948 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5949 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5950 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5951 **
5952 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5953 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5954 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5955 ** blob.
5956 **
5957 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5958 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
5959 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
5960 **
5961 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5962 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5963 */
5964 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_open(
5965   sqlite3*,
5966   const char *zDb,
5967   const char *zTable,
5968   const char *zColumn,
5969   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5970   int flags,
5971   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5972 );
5973 
5974 /*
5975 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5976 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5977 **
5978 ** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5979 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5980 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5981 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5982 ** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5983 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5984 **
5985 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5986 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5987 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5988 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5989 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5990 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5991 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5992 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5993 ** always returns zero.
5994 **
5995 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5996 */
5997 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5998 
5999 /*
6000 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6001 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6002 **
6003 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6004 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6005 ** handle is still closed.)^
6006 **
6007 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6008 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6009 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6010 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6011 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6012 **
6013 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6014 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6015 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6016 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6017 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6018 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6019 */
6020 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6021 
6022 /*
6023 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6024 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6025 **
6026 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6027 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6028 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6029 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6030 **
6031 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6032 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6033 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6034 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6035 */
6036 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6037 
6038 /*
6039 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6040 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6041 **
6042 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6043 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6044 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6045 **
6046 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6047 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6048 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6049 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6050 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6051 **
6052 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6053 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6054 **
6055 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6056 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6057 **
6058 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6059 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6060 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6061 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6062 **
6063 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6064 */
6065 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6066 
6067 /*
6068 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6069 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6070 **
6071 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6072 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6073 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6074 **
6075 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6076 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6077 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6078 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6079 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6080 **
6081 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6082 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6083 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6084 **
6085 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6086 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6087 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6088 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6089 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6090 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6091 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6092 **
6093 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6094 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6095 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6096 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6097 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6098 ** or by other independent statements.
6099 **
6100 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6101 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6102 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6103 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6104 **
6105 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6106 */
6107 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6108 
6109 /*
6110 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6111 **
6112 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6113 ** that SQLite uses to interact
6114 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6115 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6116 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6117 ** The following interfaces are provided.
6118 **
6119 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6120 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
6121 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6122 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6123 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6124 **
6125 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6126 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6127 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6128 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6129 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6130 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6131 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6132 ** then the behavior is undefined.
6133 **
6134 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6135 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6136 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6137 */
6138 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6139 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6140 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6141 
6142 /*
6143 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6144 **
6145 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6146 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6147 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6148 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
6149 **
6150 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6151 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6152 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6153 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6154 **
6155 ** <ul>
6156 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6157 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6158 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6159 ** </ul>
6160 **
6161 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6162 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6163 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6164 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6165 ** and Windows.
6166 **
6167 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6168 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6169 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6170 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6171 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6172 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6173 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6174 **
6175 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6176 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6177 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6178 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6179 ** integer constants:
6180 **
6181 ** <ul>
6182 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6183 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6184 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6185 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6186 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6187 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6188 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6189 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6190 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6191 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6192 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6193 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6194 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6195 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6196 ** </ul>
6197 **
6198 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6199 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6200 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6201 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6202 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6203 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6204 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6205 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6206 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6207 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6208 **
6209 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6210 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6211 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6212 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6213 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6214 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6215 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6216 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6217 **
6218 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6219 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6220 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6221 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6222 ** the same type number.
6223 **
6224 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6225 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6226 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6227 **
6228 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6229 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6230 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6231 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6232 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6233 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6234 ** In such cases, the
6235 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6236 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6237 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6238 **
6239 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6240 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6241 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6242 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6243 ** behavior.)^
6244 **
6245 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6246 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6247 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6248 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6249 **
6250 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6251 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6252 ** behave as no-ops.
6253 **
6254 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6255 */
6256 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6257 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6258 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6259 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6260 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6261 
6262 /*
6263 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6264 **
6265 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6266 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6267 **
6268 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6269 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6270 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6271 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6272 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6273 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6274 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6275 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6276 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6277 **
6278 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6279 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6280 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6281 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6282 **
6283 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6284 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6285 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6286 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6287 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6288 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6289 **
6290 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6291 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6292 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6293 **
6294 ** <ul>
6295 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6296 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6297 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6298 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6299 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6300 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6301 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6302 ** </ul>)^
6303 **
6304 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6305 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6306 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6307 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6308 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6309 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6310 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6311 **
6312 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6313 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6314 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6315 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6316 **
6317 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6318 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6319 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6320 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6321 **
6322 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6323 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6324 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6325 ** prior to returning.
6326 */
6327 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6328 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6329   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6330   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6331   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6332   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6333   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6334   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6335   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6336   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6337   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6338 };
6339 
6340 /*
6341 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6342 **
6343 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6344 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6345 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6346 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6347 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6348 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6349 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6350 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6351 **
6352 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6353 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6354 **
6355 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6356 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6357 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6358 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6359 **
6360 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6361 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6362 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6363 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6364 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6365 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6366 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6367 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6368 */
6369 #ifndef NDEBUG
6370 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6371 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6372 #endif
6373 
6374 /*
6375 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6376 **
6377 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6378 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6379 **
6380 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6381 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6382 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6383 */
6384 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6385 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6386 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6387 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6388 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6389 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6390 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6391 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6392 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6393 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6394 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6395 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6396 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6397 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6398 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6399 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6400 
6401 /*
6402 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6403 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6404 **
6405 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6406 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6407 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6408 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6409 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6410 */
6411 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6412 
6413 /*
6414 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6415 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6416 **
6417 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6418 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6419 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6420 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6421 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6422 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6423 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6424 ** main database file.
6425 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6426 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6427 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6428 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6429 **
6430 ** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6431 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6432 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6433 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6434 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6435 **
6436 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6437 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6438 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6439 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6440 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6441 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6442 ** xFileControl method.
6443 **
6444 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6445 */
6446 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6447 
6448 /*
6449 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6450 **
6451 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6452 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6453 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6454 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6455 **
6456 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6457 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6458 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6459 **
6460 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6461 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6462 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6463 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6464 */
6465 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6466 
6467 /*
6468 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6469 **
6470 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6471 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6472 **
6473 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6474 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6475 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6476 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6477 */
6478 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6479 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6480 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6481 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6482 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6483 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6484 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6485 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6486 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6487 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6488 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6489 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6490 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6491 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6492 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6493 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6494 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6495 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6496 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6497 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6498 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6499 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6500 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6501 
6502 /*
6503 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6504 **
6505 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6506 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6507 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6508 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6509 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6510 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6511 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6512 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6513 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6514 ** value.  For those parameters
6515 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6516 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6517 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6518 **
6519 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6520 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6521 **
6522 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6523 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6524 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6525 **
6526 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6527 */
6528 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6529 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status64(
6530   int op,
6531   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6532   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6533   int resetFlag
6534 );
6535 
6536 
6537 /*
6538 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6539 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6540 **
6541 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6542 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6543 **
6544 ** <dl>
6545 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6546 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6547 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6548 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6549 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6550 ** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6551 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6552 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6553 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6554 **
6555 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6556 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6557 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6558 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6559 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6560 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6561 **
6562 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6563 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6564 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6565 **
6566 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6567 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6568 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6569 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6570 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6571 **
6572 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6573 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6574 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6575 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6576 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6577 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6578 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6579 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6580 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6581 **
6582 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6583 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6584 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6585 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6586 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6587 **
6588 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6589 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6590 ** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6591 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6592 ** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6593 ** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6594 ** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6595 **
6596 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6597 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6598 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6599 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6600 ** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6601 ** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6602 ** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6603 ** slots were available.
6604 ** </dd>)^
6605 **
6606 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6607 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6608 ** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6609 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6610 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6611 **
6612 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6613 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
6614 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
6615 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6616 ** </dl>
6617 **
6618 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6619 */
6620 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6621 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6622 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6623 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6624 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6625 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6626 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6627 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6628 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6629 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6630 
6631 /*
6632 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6633 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6634 **
6635 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6636 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6637 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6638 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6639 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6640 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6641 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6642 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6643 **
6644 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6645 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6646 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6647 ** reset back down to the current value.
6648 **
6649 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6650 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6651 **
6652 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6653 */
6654 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6655 
6656 /*
6657 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6658 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6659 **
6660 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6661 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6662 **
6663 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6664 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6665 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6666 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6667 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6668 **
6669 ** <dl>
6670 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6671 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6672 ** checked out.</dd>)^
6673 **
6674 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6675 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6676 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6677 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6678 **
6679 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6680 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6681 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6682 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6683 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6684 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6685 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6686 **
6687 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6688 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6689 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6690 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6691 ** memory already being in use.
6692 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6693 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6694 **
6695 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6696 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6697 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6698 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6699 **
6700 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6701 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6702 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6703 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6704 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6705 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6706 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6707 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6708 **
6709 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6710 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6711 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6712 ** the database connection.)^
6713 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6714 ** </dd>
6715 **
6716 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6717 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6718 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6719 ** is always 0.
6720 ** </dd>
6721 **
6722 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6723 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6724 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6725 ** is always 0.
6726 ** </dd>
6727 **
6728 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6729 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6730 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6731 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6732 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6733 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6734 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6735 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6736 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6737 ** </dd>
6738 **
6739 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6740 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6741 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6742 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6743 ** </dd>
6744 ** </dl>
6745 */
6746 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6747 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6748 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6749 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6750 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6751 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6752 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6753 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6754 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6755 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6756 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6757 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6758 
6759 
6760 /*
6761 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6762 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6763 **
6764 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6765 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6766 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6767 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6768 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6769 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6770 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6771 ** an index.
6772 **
6773 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6774 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6775 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6776 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6777 ** to be interrogated.)^
6778 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6779 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6780 ** interface call returns.
6781 **
6782 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6783 */
6784 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6785 
6786 /*
6787 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6788 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6789 **
6790 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6791 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6792 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6793 **
6794 ** <dl>
6795 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6796 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6797 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6798 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6799 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
6800 **
6801 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6802 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6803 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6804 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6805 **
6806 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6807 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6808 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6809 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6810 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6811 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6812 **
6813 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6814 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6815 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6816 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6817 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6818 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6819 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6820 ** </dd>
6821 ** </dl>
6822 */
6823 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6824 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6825 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6826 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6827 
6828 /*
6829 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6830 **
6831 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6832 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6833 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6834 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6835 ** to the object.
6836 **
6837 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6838 */
6839 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6840 
6841 /*
6842 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6843 **
6844 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6845 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6846 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6847 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6848 **
6849 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6850 */
6851 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6852 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6853   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6854   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6855 };
6856 
6857 /*
6858 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6859 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6860 **
6861 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6862 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6863 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6864 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6865 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6866 ** By implementing a
6867 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6868 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6869 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6870 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6871 ** how long.
6872 **
6873 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6874 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6875 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6876 **
6877 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6878 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6879 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6880 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6881 **
6882 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6883 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6884 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6885 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6886 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6887 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6888 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6889 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6890 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6891 ** page cache.)^
6892 **
6893 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6894 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6895 ** It can be used to clean up
6896 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6897 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6898 **
6899 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6900 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6901 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6902 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6903 ** in multithreaded applications.
6904 **
6905 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6906 ** call to xShutdown().
6907 **
6908 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6909 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6910 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6911 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6912 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6913 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6914 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6915 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6916 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6917 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6918 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6919 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6920 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6921 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6922 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6923 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6924 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6925 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6926 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6927 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6928 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6929 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
6930 **
6931 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6932 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6933 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6934 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6935 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6936 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6937 ** value; it is advisory only.
6938 **
6939 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6940 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6941 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6942 **
6943 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6944 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6945 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6946 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6947 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6948 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6949 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6950 ** for each entry in the page cache.
6951 **
6952 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6953 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6954 ** to be "pinned".
6955 **
6956 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6957 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6958 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6959 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6960 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6961 **
6962 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6963 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6964 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6965 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6966 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
6967 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6968 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6969 ** </table>
6970 **
6971 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6972 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6973 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6974 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6975 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6976 **
6977 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6978 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6979 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6980 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6981 ** ^If the discard parameter is
6982 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6983 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6984 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6985 **
6986 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6987 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6988 ** to xFetch().
6989 **
6990 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6991 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6992 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6993 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6994 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6995 ** to be pinned.
6996 **
6997 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6998 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6999 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7000 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7001 ** they can be safely discarded.
7002 **
7003 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7004 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7005 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7006 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7007 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7008 ** functions.
7009 **
7010 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7011 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7012 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7013 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7014 ** do their best.
7015 */
7016 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7017 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7018   int iVersion;
7019   void *pArg;
7020   int (*xInit)(void*);
7021   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7022   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7023   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7024   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7025   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7026   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7027   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7028       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7029   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7030   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7031   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7032 };
7033 
7034 /*
7035 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7036 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7037 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7038 */
7039 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7040 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7041   void *pArg;
7042   int (*xInit)(void*);
7043   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7044   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7045   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7046   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7047   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7048   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7049   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7050   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7051   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7052 };
7053 
7054 
7055 /*
7056 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7057 **
7058 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7059 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7060 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7061 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7062 **
7063 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7064 */
7065 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7066 
7067 /*
7068 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7069 **
7070 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7071 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7072 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7073 **
7074 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7075 **
7076 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7077 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
7078 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7079 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7080 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7081 ** preventing other database connections from
7082 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7083 **
7084 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7085 **   <ol>
7086 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7087 **         backup,
7088 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7089 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
7090 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7091 **         associated with the backup operation.
7092 **   </ol>)^
7093 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7094 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7095 **
7096 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7097 **
7098 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7099 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7100 ** and the database name, respectively.
7101 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7102 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7103 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7104 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7105 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7106 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7107 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7108 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7109 ** an error.
7110 **
7111 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning SQLITE_ERROR, if
7112 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7113 ** destination database.
7114 **
7115 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7116 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7117 ** destination [database connection] D.
7118 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7119 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7120 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7121 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7122 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7123 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7124 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7125 ** operation.
7126 **
7127 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7128 **
7129 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7130 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7131 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7132 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7133 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7134 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7135 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7136 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7137 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7138 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7139 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7140 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7141 **
7142 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7143 ** <ol>
7144 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7145 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7146 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7147 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7148 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
7149 ** </ol>)^
7150 **
7151 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7152 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7153 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7154 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7155 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7156 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7157 ** [database connection]
7158 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7159 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7160 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7161 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7162 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7163 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7164 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7165 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7166 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7167 **
7168 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7169 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7170 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7171 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7172 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7173 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7174 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7175 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7176 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7177 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7178 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7179 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7180 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7181 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7182 ** updated at the same time.
7183 **
7184 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7185 **
7186 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7187 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7188 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7189 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7190 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7191 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7192 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7193 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7194 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7195 **
7196 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7197 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7198 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7199 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7200 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7201 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7202 **
7203 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7204 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7205 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7206 **
7207 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7208 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7209 **
7210 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7211 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7212 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7213 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7214 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
7215 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7216 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7217 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7218 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7219 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7220 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7221 **
7222 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7223 **
7224 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7225 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7226 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7227 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7228 ** from within other threads.
7229 **
7230 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7231 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7232 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7233 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7234 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7235 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7236 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7237 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7238 **
7239 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7240 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7241 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7242 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7243 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7244 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7245 **
7246 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7247 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7248 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7249 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7250 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7251 ** possible that they return invalid values.
7252 */
7253 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_init(
7254   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7255   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7256   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7257   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7258 );
7259 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7260 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7261 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7262 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7263 
7264 /*
7265 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7266 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7267 **
7268 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7269 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7270 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7271 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7272 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7273 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7274 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7275 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7276 **
7277 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7278 **
7279 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7280 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7281 **
7282 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7283 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7284 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7285 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7286 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7287 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7288 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7289 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7290 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7291 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7292 **
7293 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7294 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7295 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7296 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7297 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7298 **
7299 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7300 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7301 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7302 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7303 **
7304 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7305 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7306 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7307 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7308 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7309 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7310 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7311 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7312 **
7313 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7314 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7315 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7316 **
7317 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7318 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7319 **
7320 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7321 **
7322 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7323 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7324 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7325 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7326 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7327 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7328 **
7329 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7330 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7331 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7332 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7333 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7334 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7335 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7336 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7337 **
7338 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7339 **
7340 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7341 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7342 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7343 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7344 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7345 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7346 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7347 **
7348 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7349 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7350 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7351 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7352 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7353 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7354 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7355 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7356 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7357 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7358 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7359 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7360 **
7361 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7362 **
7363 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7364 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7365 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7366 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7367 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7368 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7369 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7370 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7371 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7372 **
7373 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7374 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7375 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7376 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7377 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7378 */
7379 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7380   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7381   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7382   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7383 );
7384 
7385 
7386 /*
7387 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7388 **
7389 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7390 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7391 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7392 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7393 */
7394 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7395 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7396 
7397 /*
7398 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7399 *
7400 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7401 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7402 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7403 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7404 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7405 ** is case sensitive.
7406 **
7407 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7408 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7409 **
7410 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7411 */
7412 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7413 
7414 /*
7415 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7416 *
7417 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7418 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7419 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7420 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7421 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7422 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7423 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7424 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7425 ** one another.
7426 **
7427 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7428 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7429 **
7430 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7431 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7432 **
7433 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7434 */
7435 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7436 
7437 /*
7438 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7439 **
7440 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7441 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7442 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7443 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7444 **
7445 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7446 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7447 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7448 ** is considered bad form.
7449 **
7450 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7451 **
7452 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7453 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7454 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7455 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7456 ** buffer.
7457 */
7458 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7459 
7460 /*
7461 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7462 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7463 **
7464 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7465 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7466 **
7467 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7468 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7469 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7470 **
7471 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7472 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7473 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7474 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7475 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7476 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7477 ** including those that were just committed.
7478 **
7479 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7480 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7481 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7482 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7483 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7484 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7485 ** are undefined.
7486 **
7487 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7488 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7489 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7490 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7491 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7492 ** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7493 */
7494 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_hook(
7495   sqlite3*,
7496   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7497   void*
7498 );
7499 
7500 /*
7501 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7502 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7503 **
7504 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7505 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7506 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
7507 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7508 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7509 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7510 ** checkpoints entirely.
7511 **
7512 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7513 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7514 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7515 ** configured by this function.
7516 **
7517 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7518 ** from SQL.
7519 **
7520 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7521 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7522 **
7523 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7524 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7525 ** pages.  The use of this interface
7526 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7527 ** for a particular application.
7528 */
7529 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7530 
7531 /*
7532 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7533 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7534 **
7535 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7536 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7537 **
7538 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7539 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7540 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7541 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7542 ** information.
7543 **
7544 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7545 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7546 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7547 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7548 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7549 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7550 */
7551 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7552 
7553 /*
7554 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7555 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7556 **
7557 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7558 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7559 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7560 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7561 **
7562 ** <dl>
7563 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7564 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7565 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7566 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7567 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7568 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7569 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7570 **
7571 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7572 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7573 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7574 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7575 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7576 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7577 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7578 **
7579 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7580 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7581 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7582 **   [busy-handler callback])
7583 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7584 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7585 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7586 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7587 **
7588 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7589 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7590 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7591 **   to a successful return.
7592 ** </dl>
7593 **
7594 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7595 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7596 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7597 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7598 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7599 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7600 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7601 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7602 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7603 **
7604 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7605 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7606 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7607 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7608 **
7609 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7610 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7611 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7612 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7613 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7614 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7615 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7616 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7617 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7618 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7619 **
7620 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7621 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7622 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7623 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7624 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7625 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7626 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7627 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7628 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7629 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7630 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7631 **
7632 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7633 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7634 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7635 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7636 **
7637 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7638 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7639 ** sets the error information that is queried by
7640 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7641 **
7642 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7643 ** from SQL.
7644 */
7645 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7646   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7647   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7648   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7649   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7650   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7651 );
7652 
7653 /*
7654 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7655 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7656 **
7657 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7658 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7659 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7660 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7661 */
7662 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7663 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7664 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7665 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7666 
7667 /*
7668 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7669 **
7670 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7671 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7672 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7673 **
7674 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7675 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7676 **
7677 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7678 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7679 ** may be added in the future.
7680 */
7681 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7682 
7683 /*
7684 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7685 **
7686 ** These macros define the various options to the
7687 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7688 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7689 **
7690 ** <dl>
7691 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7692 ** <dd>Calls of the form
7693 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7694 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7695 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7696 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7697 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7698 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7699 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7700 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7701 **
7702 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7703 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7704 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7705 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7706 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7707 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7708 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7709 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7710 ** had been ABORT.
7711 **
7712 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7713 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7714 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7715 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7716 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7717 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7718 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7719 ** constraint handling.
7720 ** </dl>
7721 */
7722 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7723 
7724 /*
7725 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7726 **
7727 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7728 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7729 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7730 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7731 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7732 ** [virtual table].
7733 */
7734 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7735 
7736 /*
7737 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7738 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7739 **
7740 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7741 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7742 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7743 **
7744 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7745 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7746 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7747 */
7748 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7749 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7750 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7751 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7752 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7753 
7754 /*
7755 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7756 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7757 **
7758 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7759 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7760 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7761 **
7762 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7763 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7764 ** S is finalized.
7765 **
7766 ** <dl>
7767 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7768 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7769 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7770 **
7771 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7772 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7773 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7774 **
7775 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7776 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7777 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
7778 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
7779 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
7780 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
7781 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
7782 **
7783 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
7784 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7785 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
7786 ** used for the X-th loop.
7787 **
7788 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
7789 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7790 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7791 ** description for the X-th loop.
7792 **
7793 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
7794 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7795 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
7796 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
7797 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
7798 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
7799 ** </dl>
7800 */
7801 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
7802 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
7803 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
7804 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
7805 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
7806 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
7807 
7808 /*
7809 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
7810 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7811 **
7812 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
7813 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
7814 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
7815 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
7816 **
7817 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
7818 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
7819 ** compile-time option.
7820 **
7821 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
7822 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
7823 ** of this interface is undefined.
7824 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
7825 ** the "pOut" parameter.
7826 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
7827 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
7828 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
7829 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
7830 ** points to is unchanged.
7831 **
7832 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
7833 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
7834 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
7835 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
7836 **
7837 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
7838 */
7839 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
7840   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
7841   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
7842   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
7843   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
7844 );
7845 
7846 /*
7847 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
7848 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7849 **
7850 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
7851 **
7852 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
7853 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
7854 */
7855 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
7856 
7857 /*
7858 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
7859 **
7860 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
7861 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
7862 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
7863 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
7864 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
7865 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
7866 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
7867 ** any [attached] databases.
7868 **
7869 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
7870 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
7871 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
7872 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
7873 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
7874 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
7875 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
7876 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
7877 **
7878 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
7879 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
7880 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
7881 **
7882 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
7883 **
7884 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
7885 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
7886 */
7887 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
7888 
7889 /*
7890 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
7891 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot}
7892 ** EXPERIMENTAL
7893 **
7894 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
7895 ** database for some specific point in history.
7896 **
7897 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
7898 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
7899 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
7900 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
7901 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
7902 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
7903 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
7904 **
7905 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
7906 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
7907 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
7908 ** the most recent version.
7909 **
7910 ** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
7911 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
7912 ** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
7913 ** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
7914 */
7915 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot sqlite3_snapshot;
7916 
7917 /*
7918 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
7919 ** EXPERIMENTAL
7920 **
7921 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
7922 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
7923 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
7924 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
7925 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
7926 ** ^If schema S of [database connection] D is not a [WAL mode] database
7927 ** that is in a read transaction, then [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)]
7928 ** leaves the *P value unchanged and returns an appropriate [error code].
7929 **
7930 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
7931 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
7932 ** to avoid a memory leak.
7933 **
7934 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
7935 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
7936 */
7937 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_get(
7938   sqlite3 *db,
7939   const char *zSchema,
7940   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
7941 );
7942 
7943 /*
7944 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
7945 ** EXPERIMENTAL
7946 **
7947 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface attempts to move the
7948 ** read transaction that is currently open on schema S of
7949 ** [database connection] D so that it refers to historical [snapshot] P.
7950 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
7951 ** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
7952 **
7953 ** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
7954 ** the first operation, apart from other sqlite3_snapshot_open() calls,
7955 ** following the [BEGIN] that starts a new read transaction.
7956 ** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
7957 ** [checkpoint].
7958 **
7959 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
7960 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
7961 */
7962 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_open(
7963   sqlite3 *db,
7964   const char *zSchema,
7965   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
7966 );
7967 
7968 /*
7969 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
7970 ** EXPERIMENTAL
7971 **
7972 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
7973 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
7974 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
7975 **
7976 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
7977 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
7978 */
7979 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
7980 
7981 /*
7982 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7983 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
7984 */
7985 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7986 # undef double
7987 #endif
7988 
7989 #ifdef __cplusplus
7990 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7991 #endif
7992 #endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7993 
7994 /*
7995 ** 2010 August 30
7996 **
7997 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
7998 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
7999 **
8000 **    May you do good and not evil.
8001 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8002 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
8003 **
8004 *************************************************************************
8005 */
8006 
8007 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8008 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8009 
8010 
8011 #ifdef __cplusplus
8012 extern "C" {
8013 #endif
8014 
8015 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
8016 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
8017 
8018 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
8019 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
8020 */
8021 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
8022   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8023 #else
8024   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8025 #endif
8026 
8027 /*
8028 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
8029 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8030 **
8031 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
8032 */
8033 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
8034   sqlite3 *db,
8035   const char *zGeom,
8036   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
8037   void *pContext
8038 );
8039 
8040 
8041 /*
8042 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
8043 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
8044 */
8045 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
8046   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
8047   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
8048   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
8049   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
8050   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
8051 };
8052 
8053 /*
8054 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
8055 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8056 **
8057 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
8058 */
8059 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
8060   sqlite3 *db,
8061   const char *zQueryFunc,
8062   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
8063   void *pContext,
8064   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
8065 );
8066 
8067 
8068 /*
8069 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
8070 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
8071 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
8072 **
8073 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
8074 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
8075 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
8076 */
8077 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
8078   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
8079   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
8080   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
8081   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
8082   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
8083   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
8084   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
8085   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
8086   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
8087   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
8088   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
8089   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
8090   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
8091   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
8092   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
8093   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
8094   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
8095 };
8096 
8097 /*
8098 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
8099 */
8100 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
8101 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
8102 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
8103 
8104 
8105 #ifdef __cplusplus
8106 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
8107 #endif
8108 
8109 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
8110 
8111 /*
8112 ** 2014 May 31
8113 **
8114 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
8115 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
8116 **
8117 **    May you do good and not evil.
8118 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8119 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
8120 **
8121 ******************************************************************************
8122 **
8123 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
8124 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
8125 **
8126 **     * custom tokenizers, and
8127 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
8128 */
8129 
8130 
8131 #ifndef _FTS5_H
8132 #define _FTS5_H
8133 
8134 
8135 #ifdef __cplusplus
8136 extern "C" {
8137 #endif
8138 
8139 /*************************************************************************
8140 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
8141 **
8142 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
8143 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
8144 */
8145 
8146 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
8147 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
8148 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
8149 
8150 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
8151   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
8152   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
8153   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
8154   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
8155   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
8156 );
8157 
8158 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
8159   const unsigned char *a;
8160   const unsigned char *b;
8161 };
8162 
8163 /*
8164 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
8165 **
8166 ** xUserData(pFts):
8167 **   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
8168 **   registered with.
8169 **
8170 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
8171 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
8172 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
8173 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
8174 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
8175 **   the FTS5 table.
8176 **
8177 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
8178 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
8179 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
8180 **   returned.
8181 **
8182 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
8183 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
8184 **
8185 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
8186 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
8187 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
8188 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
8189 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
8190 **
8191 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
8192 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
8193 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
8194 **   returned.
8195 **
8196 ** xColumnText:
8197 **   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
8198 **   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
8199 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
8200 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
8201 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
8202 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
8203 **
8204 ** xPhraseCount:
8205 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
8206 **
8207 ** xPhraseSize:
8208 **   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
8209 **   are numbered starting from zero.
8210 **
8211 ** xInstCount:
8212 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
8213 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
8214 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
8215 **
8216 ** xInst:
8217 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
8218 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
8219 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
8220 **   output by xInstCount().
8221 **
8222 **   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM)
8223 **   if an error occurs.
8224 **
8225 ** xRowid:
8226 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
8227 **
8228 ** xTokenize:
8229 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
8230 **
8231 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
8232 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
8233 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
8234 **
8235 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
8236 **
8237 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
8238 **   current query is executed. For each row visited, the callback function
8239 **   passed as the fourth argument is invoked. The context and API objects
8240 **   passed to the callback function may be used to access the properties of
8241 **   each matched row. Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer
8242 **   passed as the third argument to pUserData.
8243 **
8244 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
8245 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
8246 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
8247 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
8248 **
8249 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8250 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
8251 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
8252 **
8253 **
8254 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
8255 **
8256 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions
8257 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
8258 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
8259 **   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
8260 **
8261 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
8262 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
8263 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
8264 **   single auxiliary data context.
8265 **
8266 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
8267 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
8268 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
8269 **   point.
8270 **
8271 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
8272 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
8273 **
8274 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
8275 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
8276 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
8277 **   pointer before returning.
8278 **
8279 **
8280 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
8281 **
8282 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
8283 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
8284 **
8285 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
8286 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
8287 **   if any, is not invoked.
8288 **
8289 **
8290 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
8291 **
8292 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
8293 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
8294 **
8295 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
8296 **
8297 ** xPhraseFirst()
8298 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
8299 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
8300 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
8301 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
8302 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
8303 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
8304 **
8305 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
8306 **       int iCol, iOff;
8307 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
8308 **           iOff>=0;
8309 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
8310 **       ){
8311 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
8312 **       }
8313 **
8314 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
8315 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
8316 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods.
8317 **
8318 ** xPhraseNext()
8319 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
8320 */
8321 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
8322   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 1 */
8323 
8324   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
8325 
8326   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
8327   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
8328   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
8329 
8330   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
8331     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
8332     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
8333     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
8334   );
8335 
8336   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
8337   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
8338 
8339   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
8340   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
8341 
8342   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
8343   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
8344   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
8345 
8346   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
8347     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
8348   );
8349   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
8350   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
8351 
8352   void (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
8353   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
8354 };
8355 
8356 /*
8357 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
8358 *************************************************************************/
8359 
8360 /*************************************************************************
8361 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
8362 **
8363 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
8364 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
8365 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
8366 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
8367 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
8368 **
8369 ** xCreate:
8370 **   This function is used to allocate and inititalize a tokenizer instance.
8371 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
8372 **
8373 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
8374 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
8375 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
8376 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
8377 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
8378 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
8379 **   to create the FTS5 table.
8380 **
8381 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
8382 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
8383 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
8384 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
8385 **   is undefined.
8386 **
8387 ** xDelete:
8388 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
8389 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
8390 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
8391 **
8392 ** xTokenize:
8393 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
8394 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
8395 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
8396 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
8397 **
8398 **   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
8399 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
8400 **   four values:
8401 **
8402 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
8403 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
8404 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
8405 **            FTS index.
8406 **
8407 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
8408 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
8409 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
8410 **
8411 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
8412 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
8413 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
8414 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
8415 **
8416 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
8417 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
8418 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
8419 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
8420 **   </ul>
8421 **
8422 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
8423 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
8424 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
8425 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
8426 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
8427 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
8428 **   which the token is derived within the input.
8429 **
8430 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
8431 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
8432 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
8433 **
8434 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
8435 **   order that they occur within the input text.
8436 **
8437 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
8438 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
8439 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
8440 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
8441 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
8442 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
8443 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
8444 **
8445 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
8446 **
8447 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
8448 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
8449 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
8450 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
8451 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
8452 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
8453 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
8454 **
8455 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
8456 **
8457 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the
8458 **            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
8459 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
8460 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
8461 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
8462 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
8463 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
8464 **            as expected.
8465 **
8466 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
8467 **            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may
8468 **            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
8469 **            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
8470 **            example, faced with the query:
8471 **
8472 **   <codeblock>
8473 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
8474 **
8475 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
8476 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
8477 **            similar to:
8478 **
8479 **   <codeblock>
8480 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
8481 **
8482 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
8483 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
8484 **            being treated as a single phrase.
8485 **
8486 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
8487 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
8488 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
8489 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
8490 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
8491 **            "place".
8492 **
8493 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
8494 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
8495 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
8496 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the
8497 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
8498 **   </ol>
8499 **
8500 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
8501 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
8502 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
8503 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
8504 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
8505 **
8506 **   <codeblock>
8507 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
8508 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
8509 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
8510 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
8511 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
8512 **</codeblock>
8513 **
8514 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
8515 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
8516 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
8517 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
8518 **   single token.
8519 **
8520 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
8521 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
8522 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
8523 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
8524 **   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
8525 **
8526 **   <codeblock>
8527 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
8528 **
8529 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
8530 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
8531 **
8532 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
8533 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
8534 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
8535 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
8536 **   within the database.
8537 **
8538 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
8539 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
8540 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
8541 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
8542 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
8543 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
8544 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
8545 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
8546 **
8547 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
8548 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
8549 **   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
8550 **   inefficient.
8551 */
8552 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
8553 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
8554 struct fts5_tokenizer {
8555   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
8556   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
8557   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
8558       void *pCtx,
8559       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
8560       const char *pText, int nText,
8561       int (*xToken)(
8562         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
8563         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
8564         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
8565         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
8566         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
8567         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
8568       )
8569   );
8570 };
8571 
8572 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
8573 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
8574 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
8575 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
8576 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
8577 
8578 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
8579 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
8580 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
8581 
8582 /*
8583 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
8584 *************************************************************************/
8585 
8586 /*************************************************************************
8587 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
8588 */
8589 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
8590 struct fts5_api {
8591   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
8592 
8593   /* Create a new tokenizer */
8594   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
8595     fts5_api *pApi,
8596     const char *zName,
8597     void *pContext,
8598     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
8599     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
8600   );
8601 
8602   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
8603   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
8604     fts5_api *pApi,
8605     const char *zName,
8606     void **ppContext,
8607     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
8608   );
8609 
8610   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
8611   int (*xCreateFunction)(
8612     fts5_api *pApi,
8613     const char *zName,
8614     void *pContext,
8615     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
8616     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
8617   );
8618 };
8619 
8620 /*
8621 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
8622 *************************************************************************/
8623 
8624 #ifdef __cplusplus
8625 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
8626 #endif
8627 
8628 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
8629 
8630 
8631