ghostscript-7.07/src/gdevpdfg.c

/* Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 artofcode LLC.  All rights reserved.

  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
  option) any later version.

  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
  with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA, 02111-1307.

*/

/*$Id: gdevpdfg.c,v 1.14.2.1.2.1 2003/01/17 00:49:01 giles Exp $ */
/* Graphics state management for pdfwrite driver */
#include "math_.h"
#include "string_.h"
#include "gx.h"
#include "gserrors.h"
#include "gsfunc0.h"
#include "gsstate.h"
#include "gxbitmap.h"		/* for gxhttile.h in gzht.h */
#include "gxdht.h"
#include "gxfarith.h"		/* for gs_sin/cos_degrees */
#include "gxfmap.h"
#include "gxht.h"
#include "gxistate.h"
#include "gzht.h"
#include "gdevpdfx.h"
#include "gdevpdfg.h"
#include "gdevpdfo.h"
#include "szlibx.h"

/* ---------------- Miscellaneous ---------------- */

/* Reset the graphics state parameters to initial values. */
void
pdf_reset_graphics(gx_device_pdf * pdev)
{
    gx_color_index color = 0; /* black on DeviceGray and DeviceRGB */
    if(pdev->color_info.num_components == 4) {
        color = gx_map_cmyk_color((gx_device *)pdev,
		      frac2cv(frac_0), frac2cv(frac_0),
		      frac2cv(frac_0), frac2cv(frac_1));
    }
    color_set_pure(&pdev->fill_color, color);
    color_set_pure(&pdev->stroke_color, color);
    pdev->state.flatness = -1;
    {
	static const gx_line_params lp_initial = {
	    gx_line_params_initial
	};

	pdev->state.line_params = lp_initial;
    }
    pdev->fill_overprint = false;
    pdev->stroke_overprint = false;
    pdf_reset_text(pdev);
}

/* Set the fill or stroke color. */
private int
pdf_reset_color(gx_device_pdf * pdev, const gx_drawing_color *pdc,
		gx_drawing_color * pdcolor,
		const psdf_set_color_commands_t *ppscc)
{
    int code;

    /*
     * In principle, we can set colors in either stream or text
     * context.  However, since we currently enclose all text
     * strings inside a gsave/grestore, this causes us to lose
     * track of the color when we leave text context.  Therefore,
     * we require stream context for setting colors.
     */
#if 0
    switch (pdev->context) {
    case PDF_IN_STREAM:
    case PDF_IN_TEXT:
	break;
    case PDF_IN_NONE:
	code = pdf_open_page(pdev, PDF_IN_STREAM);
	goto open;
    case PDF_IN_STRING:
	code = pdf_open_page(pdev, PDF_IN_TEXT);
    open:if (code < 0)
	    return code;
    }
#else
    code = pdf_open_page(pdev, PDF_IN_STREAM);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
#endif
    code = pdf_put_drawing_color(pdev, pdc, ppscc);
    if (code >= 0)
	*pdcolor = *pdc;
    return code;
}
int
pdf_set_drawing_color(gx_device_pdf * pdev, const gx_drawing_color *pdc,
		      gx_drawing_color * pdcolor,
		      const psdf_set_color_commands_t *ppscc)
{
    if (gx_device_color_equal(pdcolor, pdc))
	return 0;
    return pdf_reset_color(pdev, pdc, pdcolor, ppscc);
}
int
pdf_set_pure_color(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gx_color_index color,
		   gx_drawing_color * pdcolor,
		   const psdf_set_color_commands_t *ppscc)
{
    gx_drawing_color dcolor;

    if (gx_dc_is_pure(pdcolor) && gx_dc_pure_color(pdcolor) == color)
	return 0;
    color_set_pure(&dcolor, color);
    return pdf_reset_color(pdev, &dcolor, pdcolor, ppscc);
}

/* Get the (string) name of a separation, */
/* returning a newly allocated string with a / prefixed. */
/****** BOGUS for all but standard separations ******/
int
pdf_separation_name(gx_device_pdf *pdev, cos_value_t *pvalue,
		    gs_separation_name sname)
{
    static const char *const snames[] = {
	gs_ht_separation_name_strings
    };
    static char buf[sizeof(ulong) * 8 / 3 + 2];	/****** BOGUS ******/
    const char *str;
    uint len;
    byte *chars;

    if ((ulong)sname < countof(snames)) {
	str = snames[(int)sname];
    } else {			/****** TOTALLY BOGUS ******/
	sprintf(buf, "S%ld", (ulong)sname);
	str = buf;
    }
    len = strlen(str);
    chars = gs_alloc_string(pdev->pdf_memory, len + 1, "pdf_separation_name");
    if (chars == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    chars[0] = '/';
    memcpy(chars + 1, str, len);
    cos_string_value(pvalue, chars, len + 1);
    return 0;
}

/* ------ Support ------ */

/* Print a Boolean using a format. */
private void
pprintb1(stream *s, const char *format, bool b)
{
    pprints1(s, format, (b ? "true" : "false"));
}

/* ---------------- Graphics state updating ---------------- */

/* ------ Functions ------ */

/* Define the maximum size of a Function reference. */
#define MAX_FN_NAME_CHARS 9	/* /Default, /Identity */
#define MAX_FN_CHARS max(MAX_REF_CHARS + 4, MAX_FN_NAME_CHARS)

/*
 * Create and write a Function for a gx_transfer_map.  We use this for
 * transfer, BG, and UCR functions.  If check_identity is true, check for
 * an identity map.  Return 1 if the map is the identity map, otherwise
 * return 0.
 */
private data_source_proc_access(transfer_map_access); /* check prototype */
private int
transfer_map_access(const gs_data_source_t *psrc, ulong start, uint length,
		    byte *buf, const byte **ptr)
{
    const gx_transfer_map *map = (const gx_transfer_map *)psrc->data.str.data;
    uint i;

    if (ptr)
	*ptr = buf;
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
	buf[i] = frac2byte(map->values[(uint)start + i]);
    return 0;
}
private int
transfer_map_access_signed(const gs_data_source_t *psrc,
			   ulong start, uint length,
			   byte *buf, const byte **ptr)
{
    const gx_transfer_map *map = (const gx_transfer_map *)psrc->data.str.data;
    uint i;

    *ptr = buf;
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
	buf[i] = (byte)
	    ((frac2float(map->values[(uint)start + i]) + 1) * 127.5 + 0.5);
    return 0;
}
private int
pdf_write_transfer_map(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gx_transfer_map *map,
		       int range0, bool check_identity,
		       const char *key, char *ids)
{
    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;
    gs_function_Sd_params_t params;
    static const float domain01[2] = { 0, 1 };
    static const int size = transfer_map_size;
    float range01[2];
    gs_function_t *pfn;
    long id;
    int code;

    if (map == 0) {
	*ids = 0;		/* no map */
	return 1;
    }
    if (check_identity) {
	/* Check for an identity map. */
	int i;

	if (map->proc == gs_identity_transfer)
	    i = transfer_map_size;
	else
	    for (i = 0; i < transfer_map_size; ++i)
		if (map->values[i] != bits2frac(i, log2_transfer_map_size))
		    break;
	if (i == transfer_map_size) {
	    strcpy(ids, key);
	    strcat(ids, "/Identity");
	    return 1;
	}
    }
    params.m = 1;
    params.Domain = domain01;
    params.n = 1;
    range01[0] = range0, range01[1] = 1;
    params.Range = range01;
    params.Order = 1;
    params.DataSource.access =
	(range0 < 0 ? transfer_map_access_signed : transfer_map_access);
    params.DataSource.data.str.data = (const byte *)map; /* bogus */
    /* DataSource */
    params.BitsPerSample = 8;	/* could be 16 */
    params.Encode = 0;
    params.Decode = 0;
    params.Size = &size;
    code = gs_function_Sd_init(&pfn, &params, mem);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    code = pdf_write_function(pdev, pfn, &id);
    gs_function_free(pfn, false, mem);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    sprintf(ids, "%s %ld 0 R", key, id);
    return 0;
}
private int
pdf_write_transfer(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gx_transfer_map *map,
		   const char *key, char *ids)
{
    return pdf_write_transfer_map(pdev, map, 0, true, key, ids);
}

/* ------ Halftones ------ */

/*
 * Recognize the predefined PDF halftone functions.  Note that because the
 * corresponding PostScript functions use single-precision floats, the
 * functions used for testing must do the same in order to get identical
 * results.  Currently we only do this for a few of the functions.
 */
#ifdef __PROTOTYPES__
#define HT_FUNC(name, expr)\
  private floatp name(floatp xd, floatp yd) {\
    float x = (float)xd, y = (float)yd;\
    return d2f(expr);\
  }
#else
#define HT_FUNC(name, expr)\
  private floatp name(x, y) floatp x, y; {\
    float x = (float)xd, y = (float)yd;\
    return d2f(expr);\
  }
#endif
/*
 * In most versions of gcc (e.g., 2.7.2.3, 2.95.4), return (float)xxx
 * doesn't actually do the coercion.  Force this here.  Note that if we
 * use 'inline', it doesn't work.
 */
private float
d2f(floatp d)
{
    float f = (float)d;
    return f;
}
private floatp
ht_Round(floatp xf, floatp yf)
{
    float x = (float)xf, y = (float)yf;
    float xabs = fabs(x), yabs = fabs(y);

    if (d2f(xabs + yabs) <= 1)
	return d2f(1 - d2f(d2f(x * x) + d2f(y * y)));
    xabs -= 1, yabs -= 1;
    return d2f(d2f(d2f(xabs * xabs) + d2f(yabs * yabs)) - 1);
}
private floatp
ht_Diamond(floatp xf, floatp yf)
{
    float x = (float)xf, y = (float)yf;
    float xabs = fabs(x), yabs = fabs(y);

    if (d2f(xabs + yabs) <= 0.75)
	return d2f(1 - d2f(d2f(x * x) + d2f(y * y)));
    if (d2f(xabs + yabs) <= d2f(1.23))
	return d2f(1 - d2f(d2f(d2f(0.85) * xabs) + yabs));
    xabs -= 1, yabs -= 1;
    return d2f(d2f(d2f(xabs * xabs) + d2f(yabs * yabs)) - 1);
}
private floatp
ht_Ellipse(floatp xf, floatp yf)
{
    float x = (float)xf, y = (float)yf;
    float xabs = fabs(x), yabs = fabs(y);
    /*
     * The PDF Reference, 2nd edition, incorrectly specifies the
     * computation w = 4 * |x| + 3 * |y| - 3.  The PostScript code in the
     * same book correctly implements w = 3 * |x| + 4 * |y| - 3.
     */
    float w = (float)(d2f(d2f(3 * xabs) + d2f(4 * yabs)) - 3);

    if (w < 0) {
	yabs /= 0.75;
	return d2f(1 - d2f((d2f(x * x) + d2f(yabs * yabs)) / 4));
    }
    if (w > 1) {
	xabs = 1 - xabs, yabs = d2f(1 - yabs) / 0.75;
	return d2f(d2f((d2f(xabs * xabs) + d2f(yabs * yabs)) / 4) - 1);
    }
    return d2f(0.5 - w);
}
/*
 * Most of these are recognized properly even without d2f.  We've only
 * added d2f where it apparently makes a difference.
 */
private float
d2fsin_d(double x) {
    return d2f(gs_sin_degrees(d2f(x)));
}
private float
d2fcos_d(double x) {
    return d2f(gs_cos_degrees(d2f(x)));
}
HT_FUNC(ht_EllipseA, 1 - (x * x + 0.9 * y * y))
HT_FUNC(ht_InvertedEllipseA, x * x + 0.9 * y * y - 1)
HT_FUNC(ht_EllipseB, 1 - sqrt(x * x + 0.625 * y * y))
HT_FUNC(ht_EllipseC, 1 - (0.9 * x * x + y * y))
HT_FUNC(ht_InvertedEllipseC, 0.9 * x * x + y * y - 1)
HT_FUNC(ht_Line, -fabs(y))
HT_FUNC(ht_LineX, x)
HT_FUNC(ht_LineY, y)
HT_FUNC(ht_Square, -max(fabs(x), fabs(y)))
HT_FUNC(ht_Cross, -min(fabs(x), fabs(y)))
HT_FUNC(ht_Rhomboid, (0.9 * fabs(x) + fabs(y)) / 2)
HT_FUNC(ht_DoubleDot, (d2fsin_d(x * 360) + d2fsin_d(y * 360)) / 2)
HT_FUNC(ht_InvertedDoubleDot, -(d2fsin_d(x * 360) + d2fsin_d(y * 360)) / 2)
HT_FUNC(ht_SimpleDot, 1 - d2f(d2f(x * x) + d2f(y * y)))
HT_FUNC(ht_InvertedSimpleDot, d2f(d2f(x * x) + d2f(y * y)) - 1)
HT_FUNC(ht_CosineDot, (d2fcos_d(x * 180) + d2fcos_d(y * 180)) / 2)
HT_FUNC(ht_Double, (d2fsin_d(x * 180) + d2fsin_d(y * 360)) / 2)
HT_FUNC(ht_InvertedDouble, -(d2fsin_d(x * 180) + d2fsin_d(y * 360)) / 2)
typedef struct ht_function_s {
    const char *fname;
    floatp (*proc)(P2(floatp, floatp));
} ht_function_t;
private const ht_function_t ht_functions[] = {
    {"Round", ht_Round},
    {"Diamond", ht_Diamond},
    {"Ellipse", ht_Ellipse},
    {"EllipseA", ht_EllipseA},
    {"InvertedEllipseA", ht_InvertedEllipseA},
    {"EllipseB", ht_EllipseB},
    {"EllipseC", ht_EllipseC},
    {"InvertedEllipseC", ht_InvertedEllipseC},
    {"Line", ht_Line},
    {"LineX", ht_LineX},
    {"LineY", ht_LineY},
    {"Square", ht_Square},
    {"Cross", ht_Cross},
    {"Rhomboid", ht_Rhomboid},
    {"DoubleDot", ht_DoubleDot},
    {"InvertedDoubleDot", ht_InvertedDoubleDot},
    {"SimpleDot", ht_SimpleDot},
    {"InvertedSimpleDot", ht_InvertedSimpleDot},
    {"CosineDot", ht_CosineDot},
    {"Double", ht_Double},
    {"InvertedDouble", ht_InvertedDouble}
};

/* Write each kind of halftone. */
private int
pdf_write_spot_function(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gx_ht_order *porder,
			long *pid)
{
    /****** DOESN'T HANDLE STRIP HALFTONES ******/
    int w = porder->width, h = porder->height;
    uint num_bits = porder->num_bits;
    gs_function_Sd_params_t params;
    static const float domain_spot[4] = { -1, 1, -1, 1 };
    static const float range_spot[4] = { -1, 1 };
    int size[2];
    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;
    /*
     * Even though the values are logically ushort, we must always store
     * them in big-endian order, so we access them as bytes.
     */
    byte *values;
    gs_function_t *pfn;
    uint i;
    int code = 0;

    params.m = 2;
    params.Domain = domain_spot;
    params.n = 1;
    params.Range = range_spot;
    params.Order = 0;		/* default */
    /*
     * We could use 8, 16, or 32 bits per sample to save space, but for
     * simplicity, we always use 16.
     */
    if (num_bits > 0x10000)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    params.BitsPerSample = 16;
    params.Encode = 0;
    /*
     * The default Decode array maps the actual data values [1 .. w*h] to a
     * sub-interval of the Range, but that's OK, since all that matters is
     * the relative values, not the absolute values.
     */
    params.Decode = 0;
    size[0] = w;
    size[1] = h;
    params.Size = size;
    /* Create the (temporary) threshold array. */
    values = gs_alloc_byte_array(mem, num_bits, 2, "pdf_write_spot_function");
    if (values == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    for (i = 0; i < num_bits; ++i) {
	gs_int_point pt;
	int value;

	if ((code = porder->procs->bit_index(porder, i, &pt)) < 0)
	    break;
	value = pt.y * w + pt.x;
	/* Always store the values in big-endian order. */
	values[i * 2] = (byte)(value >> 8);
	values[i * 2 + 1] = (byte)value;
    }
    data_source_init_bytes(&params.DataSource, (const byte *)values,
			   sizeof(*values) * num_bits);
    if (code >= 0 &&
	(code = gs_function_Sd_init(&pfn, &params, mem)) >= 0
	) {
	code = pdf_write_function(pdev, pfn, pid);
	gs_function_free(pfn, false, mem);
    }
    gs_free_object(mem, values, "pdf_write_spot_function");
    return code;
}
private int
pdf_write_spot_halftone(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_spot_halftone *psht,
			const gx_ht_order *porder, long *pid)
{
    char trs[17 + MAX_FN_CHARS + 1];
    int code = pdf_write_transfer(pdev, porder->transfer, "/TransferFunction",
				  trs);
    long id, spot_id;
    stream *s;
    int i = countof(ht_functions);
    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;

    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    /*
     * See if we can recognize the spot function, by comparing its sampled
     * values against those in the order.
     */
    {
	gs_screen_enum senum;
	gx_ht_order order;
	int code;

	order = *porder;
	code = gs_screen_order_alloc(&order, mem);
	if (code < 0)
	    goto notrec;
	for (i = 0; i < countof(ht_functions); ++i) {
	    floatp (*spot_proc)(P2(floatp, floatp)) = ht_functions[i].proc;
	    gs_point pt;

	    gs_screen_enum_init_memory(&senum, &order, NULL, &psht->screen,
				       mem);
	    while ((code = gs_screen_currentpoint(&senum, &pt)) == 0 &&
		   gs_screen_next(&senum, spot_proc(pt.x, pt.y)) >= 0)
		DO_NOTHING;
	    if (code < 0)
		continue;
	    /* Compare the bits and levels arrays. */
	    if (memcmp(order.levels, porder->levels,
		       order.num_levels * sizeof(*order.levels)))
		continue;
	    if (memcmp(order.bit_data, porder->bit_data,
		       order.num_bits * porder->procs->bit_data_elt_size))
		continue;
	    /* We have a match. */
	    break;
	}
	gx_ht_order_release(&order, mem, false);
    }
 notrec:
    if (i == countof(ht_functions)) {
	/* Create and write a Function for the spot function. */
	pdf_write_spot_function(pdev, porder, &spot_id);
    }
    *pid = id = pdf_begin_separate(pdev);
    s = pdev->strm;
    /* Use the original, requested frequency and angle. */
    pprintg2(s, "<</Type/Halftone/HalftoneType 1/Frequency %g/Angle %g",
	     psht->screen.frequency, psht->screen.angle);
    if (i < countof(ht_functions))
	pprints1(s, "/SpotFunction/%s", ht_functions[i].fname);
    else
	pprintld1(s, "/SpotFunction %ld 0 R", spot_id);
    stream_puts(s, trs);
    if (psht->accurate_screens)
	stream_puts(s, "/AccurateScreens true");
    stream_puts(s, ">>\n");
    return pdf_end_separate(pdev);
}
private int
pdf_write_screen_halftone(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_screen_halftone *psht,
			  const gx_ht_order *porder, long *pid)
{
    gs_spot_halftone spot;

    spot.screen = *psht;
    spot.accurate_screens = false;
    spot.transfer = 0;
    spot.transfer_closure.proc = 0;
    return pdf_write_spot_halftone(pdev, &spot, porder, pid);
}
private int
pdf_write_colorscreen_halftone(gx_device_pdf *pdev,
			       const gs_colorscreen_halftone *pcsht,
			       const gx_device_halftone *pdht, long *pid)
{
    int i;
    stream *s;
    long ht_ids[4];

    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
	int code = pdf_write_screen_halftone(pdev, &pcsht->screens.indexed[i],
					     &pdht->components[i].corder,
					     &ht_ids[i]);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
    }
    *pid = pdf_begin_separate(pdev);
    s = pdev->strm;
    pprintld1(s, "<</Type/Halftone/HalftoneType 5/Default %ld 0 R\n",
	      ht_ids[3]);
    pprintld2(s, "/Red %ld 0 R/Cyan %ld 0 R", ht_ids[0], ht_ids[0]);
    pprintld2(s, "/Green %ld 0 R/Magenta %ld 0 R", ht_ids[1], ht_ids[1]);
    pprintld2(s, "/Blue %ld 0 R/Yellow %ld 0 R", ht_ids[2], ht_ids[2]);
    pprintld2(s, "/Gray %ld 0 R/Black %ld 0 R", ht_ids[3], ht_ids[3]);
    return pdf_end_separate(pdev);
}
private int
pdf_write_threshold_halftone(gx_device_pdf *pdev,
			     const gs_threshold_halftone *ptht,
			     const gx_ht_order *porder, long *pid)
{
    char trs[17 + MAX_FN_CHARS + 1];
    int code = pdf_write_transfer(pdev, porder->transfer, "/TransferFunction",
				  trs);
    long id = pdf_begin_separate(pdev);
    stream *s = pdev->strm;
    pdf_data_writer_t writer;

    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    *pid = id;
    pprintd2(s, "<</Type/Halftone/HalftoneType 6/Width %d/Height %d",
	     ptht->width, ptht->height);
    stream_puts(s, trs);
    code = pdf_begin_data(pdev, &writer);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    stream_write(writer.binary.strm, ptht->thresholds.data, ptht->thresholds.size);
    return pdf_end_data(&writer);
}
private int
pdf_write_threshold2_halftone(gx_device_pdf *pdev,
			      const gs_threshold2_halftone *ptht,
			      const gx_ht_order *porder, long *pid)
{
    char trs[17 + MAX_FN_CHARS + 1];
    int code = pdf_write_transfer(pdev, porder->transfer, "/TransferFunction",
				  trs);
    long id = pdf_begin_separate(pdev);
    stream *s = pdev->strm;
    pdf_data_writer_t writer;

    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    *pid = id;
    pprintd2(s, "<</Type/Halftone/HalftoneType 16/Width %d/Height %d",
	     ptht->width, ptht->height);
    if (ptht->width2 && ptht->height2)
	pprintd2(s, "/Width2 %d/Height2 %d", ptht->width2, ptht->height2);
    stream_puts(s, trs);
    code = pdf_begin_data(pdev, &writer);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    s = writer.binary.strm;
    if (ptht->bytes_per_sample == 2)
	stream_write(s, ptht->thresholds.data, ptht->thresholds.size);
    else {
	/* Expand 1-byte to 2-byte samples. */
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ptht->thresholds.size; ++i) {
	    byte b = ptht->thresholds.data[i];

	    stream_putc(s, b);
	    stream_putc(s, b);
	}
    }
    return pdf_end_data(&writer);
}
private int
pdf_write_multiple_halftone(gx_device_pdf *pdev,
			    const gs_multiple_halftone *pmht,
			    const gx_device_halftone *pdht, long *pid)
{
    stream *s;
    int i, code;
    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;
    long *ids;

    ids = (long *)gs_alloc_byte_array(mem, pmht->num_comp, sizeof(long),
				      "pdf_write_multiple_halftone");
    if (ids == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    for (i = 0; i < pmht->num_comp; ++i) {
	const gs_halftone_component *const phtc = &pmht->components[i];
	const gx_ht_order *porder =
	    (pdht->components == 0 ? &pdht->order :
	     &pdht->components[i].corder);

	switch (phtc->type) {
	case ht_type_spot:
	    code = pdf_write_spot_halftone(pdev, &phtc->params.spot,
					   porder, &ids[i]);
	    break;
	case ht_type_threshold:
	    code = pdf_write_threshold_halftone(pdev, &phtc->params.threshold,
						porder, &ids[i]);
	    break;
	case ht_type_threshold2:
	    code = pdf_write_threshold2_halftone(pdev,
						 &phtc->params.threshold2,
						 porder, &ids[i]);
	    break;
	default:
	    code = gs_note_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
	}
	if (code < 0) {
	    gs_free_object(mem, ids, "pdf_write_multiple_halftone");
	    return code;
	}
    }
    *pid = pdf_begin_separate(pdev);
    s = pdev->strm;
    stream_puts(s, "<</Type/Halftone/HalftoneType 5\n");
    for (i = 0; i < pmht->num_comp; ++i) {
	const gs_halftone_component *const phtc = &pmht->components[i];
	cos_value_t value;

	code = pdf_separation_name(pdev, &value, phtc->cname);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	cos_value_write(&value, pdev);
	gs_free_string(mem, value.contents.chars.data,
		       value.contents.chars.size,
		       "pdf_write_multiple_halftone");
	pprintld1(s, " %ld 0 R\n", ids[i]);
    }
    stream_puts(s, ">>\n");
    gs_free_object(mem, ids, "pdf_write_multiple_halftone");
    return pdf_end_separate(pdev);
}

/*
 * Update the halftone.  This is a separate procedure only for
 * readability.
 */
private int
pdf_update_halftone(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis,
		    char *hts)
{
    const gs_halftone *pht = pis->halftone;
    const gx_device_halftone *pdht = pis->dev_ht;
    int code;
    long id;

    switch (pht->type) {
    case ht_type_screen:
	code = pdf_write_screen_halftone(pdev, &pht->params.screen,
					 &pdht->order, &id);
	break;
    case ht_type_colorscreen:
	code = pdf_write_colorscreen_halftone(pdev, &pht->params.colorscreen,
					      pdht, &id);
	break;
    case ht_type_spot:
	code = pdf_write_spot_halftone(pdev, &pht->params.spot,
				       &pdht->order, &id);
	break;
    case ht_type_threshold:
	code = pdf_write_threshold_halftone(pdev, &pht->params.threshold,
					    &pdht->order, &id);
	break;
    case ht_type_threshold2:
	code = pdf_write_threshold2_halftone(pdev, &pht->params.threshold2,
					     &pdht->order, &id);
	break;
    case ht_type_multiple:
    case ht_type_multiple_colorscreen:
	code = pdf_write_multiple_halftone(pdev, &pht->params.multiple,
					   pdht, &id);
	break;
    default:
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    }
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    sprintf(hts, "/HT %ld 0 R", id);
    pdev->halftone_id = pis->dev_ht->id;
    return code;
}

/* ------ Graphics state updating ------ */

/* Open an ExtGState. */
private int
pdf_open_gstate(gx_device_pdf *pdev, pdf_resource_t **ppres)
{
    if (*ppres)
	return 0;
    return pdf_begin_resource(pdev, resourceExtGState, gs_no_id, ppres);
}

/* Finish writing an ExtGState. */
private int
pdf_end_gstate(gx_device_pdf *pdev, pdf_resource_t *pres)
{
    if (pres) {
	int code;

	stream_puts(pdev->strm, ">>\n");
	code = pdf_end_resource(pdev);
	pres->object->written = true; /* don't write at end of page */
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	code = pdf_open_page(pdev, PDF_IN_STREAM);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	pprintld1(pdev->strm, "/R%ld gs\n", pdf_resource_id(pres));
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Update the transfer functions(s).  This is a separate procedure only
 * for readability.
 */
private int
pdf_update_transfer(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis,
		    char *trs)
{
    int i;
    bool multiple = false, update = false;
    gs_id transfer_ids[4];
    int code = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
	transfer_ids[i] = pis->set_transfer.indexed[i]->id;
	if (pdev->transfer_ids[i] != transfer_ids[i])
	    update = true;
	if (transfer_ids[i] != transfer_ids[0])
	    multiple = true;
    }
    if (update) {
	int mask;

	if (!multiple) {
	    code = pdf_write_transfer(pdev, pis->set_transfer.indexed[0],
				      "/TR", trs);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    mask = code == 0;
	} else {
	    strcpy(trs, "/TR[");
	    mask = 0;
	    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
		code = pdf_write_transfer_map(pdev,
					      pis->set_transfer.indexed[i],
					      0, false, "", trs + strlen(trs));
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		mask |= (code == 0) << i;
	    }
	    strcat(trs, "]");
	}
	memcpy(pdev->transfer_ids, transfer_ids, sizeof(pdev->transfer_ids));
	pdev->transfer_not_identity = mask;
    }
    return code;
}

/*
 * Update the current alpha if necessary.  Note that because Ghostscript
 * stores separate opacity and shape alpha, a rangecheck will occur if
 * both are different from the current setting.
 */
private int
pdf_update_alpha(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis,
		 const char *ca_format, pdf_resource_t **ppres)
{
    bool ais;
    floatp alpha;
    int code;

    if (pdev->state.opacity.alpha != pis->opacity.alpha) {
	if (pdev->state.shape.alpha != pis->shape.alpha)
	    return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
	ais = false;
	alpha = pdev->state.opacity.alpha = pis->opacity.alpha;
    } else if (pdev->state.shape.alpha != pis->shape.alpha) {
	ais = true;
	alpha = pdev->state.shape.alpha = pis->shape.alpha;
    } else
	return 0;
    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, ppres);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    pprintb1(pdev->strm, "/AIS %s", ais);
    pprintg1(pdev->strm, ca_format, alpha);
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Update the graphics subset common to all high-level drawing operations.
 */
private int
pdf_prepare_drawing(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis,
		    const char *ca_format, pdf_resource_t **ppres)
{
    int code = 0;

    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel >= 1.4) {
	if (pdev->state.blend_mode != pis->blend_mode) {
	    static const char *const bm_names[] = { GS_BLEND_MODE_NAMES };

	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, ppres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pprints1(pdev->strm, "/BM/%s", bm_names[pis->blend_mode]);
	    pdev->state.blend_mode = pis->blend_mode;
	}
	code = pdf_update_alpha(pdev, pis, ca_format, ppres);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
    } else {
	/*
	 * If the graphics state calls for any transparency functions,
	 * we can't represent them, so return a rangecheck.
	 */
	if (pis->opacity.alpha != 1 || pis->opacity.mask != 0 ||
	    pis->shape.alpha != 1 || pis->shape.mask != 0 ||
	    pis->transparency_stack != 0
	    )
	    return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    }
    /*
     * We originally thought the remaining items were only needed for
     * fill and stroke, but in fact they are needed for images as well.
     */
    /*
     * Update halftone, transfer function, black generation, undercolor
     * removal, halftone phase, overprint mode, smoothness, blend mode, text
     * knockout.
     */
    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel >= 1.2) {
	gs_int_point phase, dev_phase;
	char hts[5 + MAX_FN_CHARS + 1],
	    trs[5 + MAX_FN_CHARS * 4 + 6 + 1],
	    bgs[5 + MAX_FN_CHARS + 1],
	    ucrs[6 + MAX_FN_CHARS + 1];

	hts[0] = trs[0] = bgs[0] = ucrs[0] = 0;
	if (pdev->params.PreserveHalftoneInfo &&
	    pdev->halftone_id != pis->dev_ht->id
	    ) {
	    code = pdf_update_halftone(pdev, pis, hts);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	}
	if (pdev->params.TransferFunctionInfo == tfi_Preserve) {
	    code = pdf_update_transfer(pdev, pis, trs);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	}
	if (pdev->params.UCRandBGInfo == ucrbg_Preserve) {
	    if (pdev->black_generation_id != pis->black_generation->id) {
		code = pdf_write_transfer_map(pdev, pis->black_generation,
					      0, false, "/BG", bgs);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		pdev->black_generation_id = pis->black_generation->id;
	    }
	    if (pdev->undercolor_removal_id != pis->undercolor_removal->id) {
		code = pdf_write_transfer_map(pdev, pis->undercolor_removal,
					      -1, false, "/UCR", ucrs);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		pdev->undercolor_removal_id = pis->undercolor_removal->id;
	    }
	}
	if (hts[0] || trs[0] || bgs[0] || ucrs[0]) {
	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, ppres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    stream_puts(pdev->strm, hts);
	    stream_puts(pdev->strm, trs);
	    stream_puts(pdev->strm, bgs);
	    stream_puts(pdev->strm, ucrs);
	}
	gs_currenthalftonephase((const gs_state *)pis, &phase);
	gs_currenthalftonephase((const gs_state *)&pdev->state, &dev_phase);
	if (dev_phase.x != phase.x || dev_phase.y != phase.y) {
	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, ppres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pprintd2(pdev->strm, "/HTP[%d %d]", phase.x, phase.y);
	    gx_imager_setscreenphase(&pdev->state, phase.x, phase.y,
				     gs_color_select_all);
	}
    }
    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel >= 1.3) {
	if (pdev->overprint_mode != pdev->params.OPM) {
	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, ppres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pprintd1(pdev->strm, "/OPM %d", pdev->params.OPM);
	    pdev->overprint_mode = pdev->params.OPM;
	}
	if (pdev->state.smoothness != pis->smoothness) {
	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, ppres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pprintg1(pdev->strm, "/SM %g", pis->smoothness);
	    pdev->state.smoothness = pis->smoothness;
	}
	if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel >= 1.4) {
	    if (pdev->state.text_knockout != pis->text_knockout) {
		code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, ppres);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		pprintb1(pdev->strm, "/TK %s", pis->text_knockout);
		pdev->state.text_knockout = pis->text_knockout;
	    }
	}
    }
    return code;
}

/* Update the graphics state for filling. */
int
pdf_prepare_fill(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis)
{
    pdf_resource_t *pres = 0;
    int code = pdf_prepare_drawing(pdev, pis, "/ca %g", &pres);

    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    /* Update overprint. */
    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel >= 1.2) {
	if (pdev->params.PreserveOverprintSettings &&
	    pdev->fill_overprint != pis->overprint
	    ) {
	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, &pres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    /* PDF 1.2 only has a single overprint setting. */
	    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel < 1.3) {
		pprintb1(pdev->strm, "/OP %s", pis->overprint);
		pdev->stroke_overprint = pis->overprint;
	    } else {
		pprintb1(pdev->strm, "/op %s", pis->overprint);
	    }
	    pdev->fill_overprint = pis->overprint;
	}
    }
    return pdf_end_gstate(pdev, pres);
}

/* Update the graphics state for stroking. */
int
pdf_prepare_stroke(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis)
{
    pdf_resource_t *pres = 0;
    int code = pdf_prepare_drawing(pdev, pis, "/CA %g", &pres);

    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    /* Update overprint, stroke adjustment. */
    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel >= 1.2) {
	if (pdev->params.PreserveOverprintSettings &&
	    pdev->stroke_overprint != pis->overprint
	    ) {
	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, &pres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pprintb1(pdev->strm, "/OP %s", pis->overprint);
	    pdev->stroke_overprint = pis->overprint;
	    /* PDF 1.2 only has a single overprint setting. */
	    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel < 1.3)
		pdev->fill_overprint = pis->overprint;
	}
	if (pdev->state.stroke_adjust != pis->stroke_adjust) {
	    code = pdf_open_gstate(pdev, &pres);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pprintb1(pdev->strm, "/SA %s", pis->stroke_adjust);
	    pdev->state.stroke_adjust = pis->stroke_adjust;
	}
    }
    return pdf_end_gstate(pdev, pres);
}

/* Update the graphics state for an image other than an ImageType 1 mask. */
int
pdf_prepare_image(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis)
{
    pdf_resource_t *pres = 0;
    int code = pdf_prepare_drawing(pdev, pis, "/ca %g", &pres);

    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    return pdf_end_gstate(pdev, pres);
}

/* Update the graphics state for an ImageType 1 mask. */
int
pdf_prepare_imagemask(gx_device_pdf *pdev, const gs_imager_state *pis,
		      const gx_drawing_color *pdcolor)
{
    int code = pdf_prepare_image(pdev, pis);

    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    return pdf_set_drawing_color(pdev, pdcolor, &pdev->fill_color,
				 &psdf_set_fill_color_commands);
}