1 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine.
2 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
3 * Copyright (c) 2007-2021, The Tor Project, Inc. */
4 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
5
6 /**
7 * \file dns.c
8 * \brief Implements a local cache for DNS results for Tor servers.
9 * This is implemented as a wrapper around Adam Langley's eventdns.c code.
10 * (We can't just use gethostbyname() and friends because we really need to
11 * be nonblocking.)
12 *
13 * There are three main cases when a Tor relay uses dns.c to launch a DNS
14 * request:
15 * <ol>
16 * <li>To check whether the DNS server is working more or less correctly.
17 * This happens via dns_launch_correctness_checks(). The answer is
18 * reported in the return value from later calls to
19 * dns_seems_to_be_broken().
20 * <li>When a client has asked the relay, in a RELAY_BEGIN cell, to connect
21 * to a given server by hostname. This happens via dns_resolve().
22 * <li>When a client has asked the relay, in a RELAY_RESOLVE cell, to look
23 * up a given server's IP address(es) by hostname. This also happens via
24 * dns_resolve().
25 * </ol>
26 *
27 * Each of these gets handled a little differently.
28 *
29 * To check for correctness, we look up some hostname we expect to exist and
30 * have real entries, some hostnames which we expect to definitely not exist,
31 * and some hostnames that we expect to probably not exist. If too many of
32 * the hostnames that shouldn't exist do exist, that's a DNS hijacking
33 * attempt. If too many of the hostnames that should exist have the same
34 * addresses as the ones that shouldn't exist, that's a very bad DNS hijacking
35 * attempt, or a very naughty captive portal. And if the hostnames that
36 * should exist simply don't exist, we probably have a broken nameserver.
37 *
38 * To handle client requests, we first check our cache for answers. If there
39 * isn't something up-to-date, we've got to launch A or AAAA requests as
40 * appropriate. How we handle responses to those in particular is a bit
41 * complex; see dns_lookup() and set_exitconn_info_from_resolve().
42 *
43 * When a lookup is finally complete, the inform_pending_connections()
44 * function will tell all of the streams that have been waiting for the
45 * resolve, by calling connection_exit_connect() if the client sent a
46 * RELAY_BEGIN cell, and by calling send_resolved_cell() or
47 * send_hostname_cell() if the client sent a RELAY_RESOLVE cell.
48 **/
49
50 #define DNS_PRIVATE
51
52 #include "core/or/or.h"
53 #include "app/config/config.h"
54 #include "core/mainloop/connection.h"
55 #include "core/mainloop/mainloop.h"
56 #include "core/mainloop/netstatus.h"
57 #include "core/or/circuitlist.h"
58 #include "core/or/circuituse.h"
59 #include "core/or/connection_edge.h"
60 #include "core/or/policies.h"
61 #include "core/or/relay.h"
62 #include "feature/control/control_events.h"
63 #include "feature/relay/dns.h"
64 #include "feature/relay/router.h"
65 #include "feature/relay/routermode.h"
66 #include "feature/stats/rephist.h"
67 #include "lib/crypt_ops/crypto_rand.h"
68 #include "lib/evloop/compat_libevent.h"
69 #include "lib/sandbox/sandbox.h"
70
71 #include "core/or/edge_connection_st.h"
72 #include "core/or/or_circuit_st.h"
73
74 #include "ht.h"
75
76 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
77 #include <sys/stat.h>
78 #endif
79
80 #include <event2/event.h>
81 #include <event2/dns.h>
82
83 /** How long will we wait for an answer from the resolver before we decide
84 * that the resolver is wedged? */
85 #define RESOLVE_MAX_TIMEOUT 300
86
87 /** Our evdns_base; this structure handles all our name lookups. */
88 static struct evdns_base *the_evdns_base = NULL;
89
90 /** Have we currently configured nameservers with eventdns? */
91 static int nameservers_configured = 0;
92 /** Did our most recent attempt to configure nameservers with eventdns fail? */
93 static int nameserver_config_failed = 0;
94 /** What was the resolv_conf fname we last used when configuring the
95 * nameservers? Used to check whether we need to reconfigure. */
96 static char *resolv_conf_fname = NULL;
97 /** What was the mtime on the resolv.conf file we last used when configuring
98 * the nameservers? Used to check whether we need to reconfigure. */
99 static time_t resolv_conf_mtime = 0;
100
101 static void purge_expired_resolves(time_t now);
102 static void dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t query_type,
103 int dns_answer,
104 const tor_addr_t *addr,
105 const char *hostname,
106 uint32_t ttl);
107 static void add_wildcarded_test_address(const char *address);
108 static int configure_nameservers(int force);
109 static int answer_is_wildcarded(const char *ip);
110 static int evdns_err_is_transient(int err);
111 static void inform_pending_connections(cached_resolve_t *resolve);
112 static void make_pending_resolve_cached(cached_resolve_t *cached);
113
114 #ifdef DEBUG_DNS_CACHE
115 static void assert_cache_ok_(void);
116 #define assert_cache_ok() assert_cache_ok_()
117 #else
118 #define assert_cache_ok() STMT_NIL
119 #endif /* defined(DEBUG_DNS_CACHE) */
120 static void assert_resolve_ok(cached_resolve_t *resolve);
121
122 /** Hash table of cached_resolve objects. */
123 static HT_HEAD(cache_map, cached_resolve_t) cache_root;
124
125 /** Global: how many IPv6 requests have we made in all? */
126 static uint64_t n_ipv6_requests_made = 0;
127 /** Global: how many IPv6 requests have timed out? */
128 static uint64_t n_ipv6_timeouts = 0;
129 /** Global: Do we think that IPv6 DNS is broken? */
130 static int dns_is_broken_for_ipv6 = 0;
131
132 /** Function to compare hashed resolves on their addresses; used to
133 * implement hash tables. */
134 static inline int
cached_resolves_eq(cached_resolve_t * a,cached_resolve_t * b)135 cached_resolves_eq(cached_resolve_t *a, cached_resolve_t *b)
136 {
137 /* make this smarter one day? */
138 assert_resolve_ok(a); // Not b; b may be just a search.
139 return !strncmp(a->address, b->address, MAX_ADDRESSLEN);
140 }
141
142 /** Hash function for cached_resolve objects */
143 static inline unsigned int
cached_resolve_hash(cached_resolve_t * a)144 cached_resolve_hash(cached_resolve_t *a)
145 {
146 return (unsigned) siphash24g((const uint8_t*)a->address, strlen(a->address));
147 }
148
149 HT_PROTOTYPE(cache_map, cached_resolve_t, node, cached_resolve_hash,
150 cached_resolves_eq);
151 HT_GENERATE2(cache_map, cached_resolve_t, node, cached_resolve_hash,
152 cached_resolves_eq, 0.6, tor_reallocarray_, tor_free_);
153
154 /** Initialize the DNS cache. */
155 static void
init_cache_map(void)156 init_cache_map(void)
157 {
158 HT_INIT(cache_map, &cache_root);
159 }
160
161 /** Helper: called by eventdns when eventdns wants to log something. */
162 static void
evdns_log_cb(int warn,const char * msg)163 evdns_log_cb(int warn, const char *msg)
164 {
165 const char *cp;
166 static int all_down = 0;
167 int severity = warn ? LOG_WARN : LOG_INFO;
168 if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Resolve requested for") &&
169 get_options()->SafeLogging) {
170 log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns: Resolve requested.");
171 return;
172 } else if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Search: ")) {
173 return;
174 }
175 if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Nameserver ") && (cp=strstr(msg, " has failed: "))) {
176 char *ns = tor_strndup(msg+11, cp-(msg+11));
177 const char *colon = strchr(cp, ':');
178 tor_assert(colon);
179 const char *err = colon+2;
180 /* Don't warn about a single failed nameserver; we'll warn with 'all
181 * nameservers have failed' if we're completely out of nameservers;
182 * otherwise, the situation is tolerable. */
183 severity = LOG_INFO;
184 control_event_server_status(LOG_NOTICE,
185 "NAMESERVER_STATUS NS=%s STATUS=DOWN ERR=%s",
186 ns, escaped(err));
187 tor_free(ns);
188 } else if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Nameserver ") &&
189 (cp=strstr(msg, " is back up"))) {
190 char *ns = tor_strndup(msg+11, cp-(msg+11));
191 severity = (all_down && warn) ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_INFO;
192 all_down = 0;
193 control_event_server_status(LOG_NOTICE,
194 "NAMESERVER_STATUS NS=%s STATUS=UP", ns);
195 tor_free(ns);
196 } else if (!strcmp(msg, "All nameservers have failed")) {
197 control_event_server_status(LOG_WARN, "NAMESERVER_ALL_DOWN");
198 all_down = 1;
199 } else if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Address mismatch on received DNS")) {
200 static ratelim_t mismatch_limit = RATELIM_INIT(3600);
201 const char *src = strstr(msg, " Apparent source");
202 if (!src || get_options()->SafeLogging) {
203 src = "";
204 }
205 log_fn_ratelim(&mismatch_limit, severity, LD_EXIT,
206 "eventdns: Received a DNS packet from "
207 "an IP address to which we did not send a request. This "
208 "could be a DNS spoofing attempt, or some kind of "
209 "misconfiguration.%s", src);
210 return;
211 }
212 tor_log(severity, LD_EXIT, "eventdns: %s", msg);
213 }
214
215 /** Initialize the DNS subsystem; called by the OR process. */
216 int
dns_init(void)217 dns_init(void)
218 {
219 init_cache_map();
220 if (server_mode(get_options())) {
221 int r = configure_nameservers(1);
222 return r;
223 }
224 return 0;
225 }
226
227 /** Called when DNS-related options change (or may have changed). Returns -1
228 * on failure, 0 on success. */
229 int
dns_reset(void)230 dns_reset(void)
231 {
232 const or_options_t *options = get_options();
233 if (! server_mode(options)) {
234
235 if (!the_evdns_base) {
236 if (!(the_evdns_base = evdns_base_new(tor_libevent_get_base(), 0))) {
237 log_err(LD_BUG, "Couldn't create an evdns_base");
238 return -1;
239 }
240 }
241
242 evdns_base_clear_nameservers_and_suspend(the_evdns_base);
243 evdns_base_search_clear(the_evdns_base);
244 nameservers_configured = 0;
245 tor_free(resolv_conf_fname);
246 resolv_conf_mtime = 0;
247 } else {
248 if (configure_nameservers(0) < 0) {
249 return -1;
250 }
251 }
252 return 0;
253 }
254
255 /** Return true iff the most recent attempt to initialize the DNS subsystem
256 * failed. */
257 int
has_dns_init_failed(void)258 has_dns_init_failed(void)
259 {
260 return nameserver_config_failed;
261 }
262
263 /** Helper: free storage held by an entry in the DNS cache. */
264 static void
free_cached_resolve_(cached_resolve_t * r)265 free_cached_resolve_(cached_resolve_t *r)
266 {
267 if (!r)
268 return;
269 while (r->pending_connections) {
270 pending_connection_t *victim = r->pending_connections;
271 r->pending_connections = victim->next;
272 tor_free(victim);
273 }
274 if (r->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK)
275 tor_free(r->result_ptr.hostname);
276 r->magic = 0xFF00FF00;
277 tor_free(r);
278 }
279
280 /** Compare two cached_resolve_t pointers by expiry time, and return
281 * less-than-zero, zero, or greater-than-zero as appropriate. Used for
282 * the priority queue implementation. */
283 static int
compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_(const void * _a,const void * _b)284 compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_(const void *_a, const void *_b)
285 {
286 const cached_resolve_t *a = _a, *b = _b;
287 if (a->expire < b->expire)
288 return -1;
289 else if (a->expire == b->expire)
290 return 0;
291 else
292 return 1;
293 }
294
295 /** Priority queue of cached_resolve_t objects to let us know when they
296 * will expire. */
297 static smartlist_t *cached_resolve_pqueue = NULL;
298
299 static void
cached_resolve_add_answer(cached_resolve_t * resolve,int query_type,int dns_result,const tor_addr_t * answer_addr,const char * answer_hostname,uint32_t ttl)300 cached_resolve_add_answer(cached_resolve_t *resolve,
301 int query_type,
302 int dns_result,
303 const tor_addr_t *answer_addr,
304 const char *answer_hostname,
305 uint32_t ttl)
306 {
307 if (query_type == DNS_PTR) {
308 if (resolve->res_status_hostname != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT)
309 return;
310
311 if (dns_result == DNS_ERR_NONE && answer_hostname) {
312 resolve->result_ptr.hostname = tor_strdup(answer_hostname);
313 resolve->res_status_hostname = RES_STATUS_DONE_OK;
314 } else {
315 resolve->result_ptr.err_hostname = dns_result;
316 resolve->res_status_hostname = RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR;
317 }
318 resolve->ttl_hostname = ttl;
319 } else if (query_type == DNS_IPv4_A) {
320 if (resolve->res_status_ipv4 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT)
321 return;
322
323 if (dns_result == DNS_ERR_NONE && answer_addr &&
324 tor_addr_family(answer_addr) == AF_INET) {
325 resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4 = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(answer_addr);
326 resolve->res_status_ipv4 = RES_STATUS_DONE_OK;
327 } else {
328 resolve->result_ipv4.err_ipv4 = dns_result;
329 resolve->res_status_ipv4 = RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR;
330 }
331 resolve->ttl_ipv4 = ttl;
332 } else if (query_type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA) {
333 if (resolve->res_status_ipv6 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT)
334 return;
335
336 if (dns_result == DNS_ERR_NONE && answer_addr &&
337 tor_addr_family(answer_addr) == AF_INET6) {
338 memcpy(&resolve->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6,
339 tor_addr_to_in6(answer_addr),
340 sizeof(struct in6_addr));
341 resolve->res_status_ipv6 = RES_STATUS_DONE_OK;
342 } else {
343 resolve->result_ipv6.err_ipv6 = dns_result;
344 resolve->res_status_ipv6 = RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR;
345 }
346 resolve->ttl_ipv6 = ttl;
347 }
348 }
349
350 /** Return true iff there are no in-flight requests for <b>resolve</b>. */
351 static int
cached_resolve_have_all_answers(const cached_resolve_t * resolve)352 cached_resolve_have_all_answers(const cached_resolve_t *resolve)
353 {
354 return (resolve->res_status_ipv4 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT &&
355 resolve->res_status_ipv6 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT &&
356 resolve->res_status_hostname != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT);
357 }
358
359 /** Set an expiry time for a cached_resolve_t, and add it to the expiry
360 * priority queue */
361 static void
set_expiry(cached_resolve_t * resolve,time_t expires)362 set_expiry(cached_resolve_t *resolve, time_t expires)
363 {
364 tor_assert(resolve && resolve->expire == 0);
365 if (!cached_resolve_pqueue)
366 cached_resolve_pqueue = smartlist_new();
367 resolve->expire = expires;
368 smartlist_pqueue_add(cached_resolve_pqueue,
369 compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_,
370 offsetof(cached_resolve_t, minheap_idx),
371 resolve);
372 }
373
374 /** Free all storage held in the DNS cache and related structures. */
375 void
dns_free_all(void)376 dns_free_all(void)
377 {
378 cached_resolve_t **ptr, **next, *item;
379 assert_cache_ok();
380 if (cached_resolve_pqueue) {
381 SMARTLIST_FOREACH(cached_resolve_pqueue, cached_resolve_t *, res,
382 {
383 if (res->state == CACHE_STATE_DONE)
384 free_cached_resolve_(res);
385 });
386 }
387 for (ptr = HT_START(cache_map, &cache_root); ptr != NULL; ptr = next) {
388 item = *ptr;
389 next = HT_NEXT_RMV(cache_map, &cache_root, ptr);
390 free_cached_resolve_(item);
391 }
392 HT_CLEAR(cache_map, &cache_root);
393 smartlist_free(cached_resolve_pqueue);
394 cached_resolve_pqueue = NULL;
395 tor_free(resolv_conf_fname);
396 }
397
398 /** Remove every cached_resolve whose <b>expire</b> time is before or
399 * equal to <b>now</b> from the cache. */
400 static void
purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)401 purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)
402 {
403 cached_resolve_t *resolve, *removed;
404 pending_connection_t *pend;
405 edge_connection_t *pendconn;
406
407 assert_cache_ok();
408 if (!cached_resolve_pqueue)
409 return;
410
411 while (smartlist_len(cached_resolve_pqueue)) {
412 resolve = smartlist_get(cached_resolve_pqueue, 0);
413 if (resolve->expire > now)
414 break;
415 smartlist_pqueue_pop(cached_resolve_pqueue,
416 compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_,
417 offsetof(cached_resolve_t, minheap_idx));
418
419 if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING) {
420 log_debug(LD_EXIT,
421 "Expiring a dns resolve %s that's still pending. Forgot to "
422 "cull it? DNS resolve didn't tell us about the timeout?",
423 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
424 } else if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED) {
425 log_debug(LD_EXIT,
426 "Forgetting old cached resolve (address %s, expires %lu)",
427 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address),
428 (unsigned long)resolve->expire);
429 tor_assert(!resolve->pending_connections);
430 } else {
431 tor_assert(resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_DONE);
432 tor_assert(!resolve->pending_connections);
433 }
434
435 if (resolve->pending_connections) {
436 log_debug(LD_EXIT,
437 "Closing pending connections on timed-out DNS resolve!");
438 while (resolve->pending_connections) {
439 pend = resolve->pending_connections;
440 resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
441 /* Connections should only be pending if they have no socket. */
442 tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pend->conn->base_.s));
443 pendconn = pend->conn;
444 /* Prevent double-remove */
445 pendconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
446 if (!pendconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
447 connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_TIMEOUT);
448 circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn);
449 connection_free_(TO_CONN(pendconn));
450 }
451 tor_free(pend);
452 }
453 }
454
455 if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED ||
456 resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING) {
457 removed = HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
458 if (removed != resolve) {
459 log_err(LD_BUG, "The expired resolve we purged didn't match any in"
460 " the cache. Tried to purge %s (%p); instead got %s (%p).",
461 resolve->address, (void*)resolve,
462 removed ? removed->address : "NULL", (void*)removed);
463 }
464 tor_assert(removed == resolve);
465 } else {
466 /* This should be in state DONE. Make sure it's not in the cache. */
467 cached_resolve_t *tmp = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
468 tor_assert(tmp != resolve);
469 }
470 if (resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK)
471 tor_free(resolve->result_ptr.hostname);
472 resolve->magic = 0xF0BBF0BB;
473 tor_free(resolve);
474 }
475
476 assert_cache_ok();
477 }
478
479 /* argument for send_resolved_cell only, meaning "let the answer type be ipv4
480 * or ipv6 depending on the connection's address". */
481 #define RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO 0xff
482
483 /** Send a response to the RESOLVE request of a connection.
484 * <b>answer_type</b> must be one of
485 * RESOLVED_TYPE_(AUTO|ERROR|ERROR_TRANSIENT|).
486 *
487 * If <b>circ</b> is provided, and we have a cached answer, send the
488 * answer back along circ; otherwise, send the answer back along
489 * <b>conn</b>'s attached circuit.
490 */
491 MOCK_IMPL(STATIC void,
492 send_resolved_cell,(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type,
493 const cached_resolve_t *resolved))
494 {
495 char buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE], *cp = buf;
496 size_t buflen = 0;
497 uint32_t ttl;
498
499 buf[0] = answer_type;
500 ttl = clip_dns_ttl(conn->address_ttl);
501
502 switch (answer_type)
503 {
504 case RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO:
505 if (resolved && resolved->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
506 cp[0] = RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4;
507 cp[1] = 4;
508 set_uint32(cp+2, htonl(resolved->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4));
509 set_uint32(cp+6, htonl(ttl));
510 cp += 10;
511 }
512 if (resolved && resolved->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
513 const uint8_t *bytes = resolved->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6.s6_addr;
514 cp[0] = RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6;
515 cp[1] = 16;
516 memcpy(cp+2, bytes, 16);
517 set_uint32(cp+18, htonl(ttl));
518 cp += 22;
519 }
520 if (cp != buf) {
521 buflen = cp - buf;
522 break;
523 } else {
524 answer_type = RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR;
525 /* We let this fall through and treat it as an error. */
526 }
527 FALLTHROUGH;
528 case RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT:
529 case RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR:
530 {
531 const char *errmsg = "Error resolving hostname";
532 size_t msglen = strlen(errmsg);
533
534 buf[0] = answer_type;
535 buf[1] = msglen;
536 strlcpy(buf+2, errmsg, sizeof(buf)-2);
537 set_uint32(buf+2+msglen, htonl(ttl));
538 buflen = 6+msglen;
539 break;
540 }
541 default:
542 tor_assert(0);
543 return;
544 }
545 // log_notice(LD_EXIT, "Sending a regular RESOLVED reply: ");
546
547 connection_edge_send_command(conn, RELAY_COMMAND_RESOLVED, buf, buflen);
548 }
549
550 /** Send a response to the RESOLVE request of a connection for an in-addr.arpa
551 * address on connection <b>conn</b> which yielded the result <b>hostname</b>.
552 * The answer type will be RESOLVED_HOSTNAME.
553 *
554 * If <b>circ</b> is provided, and we have a cached answer, send the
555 * answer back along circ; otherwise, send the answer back along
556 * <b>conn</b>'s attached circuit.
557 */
558 MOCK_IMPL(STATIC void,
559 send_resolved_hostname_cell,(edge_connection_t *conn,
560 const char *hostname))
561 {
562 char buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
563 size_t buflen;
564 uint32_t ttl;
565
566 if (BUG(!hostname))
567 return;
568
569 size_t namelen = strlen(hostname);
570
571 tor_assert(namelen < 256);
572 ttl = clip_dns_ttl(conn->address_ttl);
573
574 buf[0] = RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME;
575 buf[1] = (uint8_t)namelen;
576 memcpy(buf+2, hostname, namelen);
577 set_uint32(buf+2+namelen, htonl(ttl));
578 buflen = 2+namelen+4;
579
580 // log_notice(LD_EXIT, "Sending a reply RESOLVED reply: %s", hostname);
581 connection_edge_send_command(conn, RELAY_COMMAND_RESOLVED, buf, buflen);
582 // log_notice(LD_EXIT, "Sent");
583 }
584
585 /** See if we have a cache entry for <b>exitconn</b>-\>address. If so,
586 * if resolve valid, put it into <b>exitconn</b>-\>addr and return 1.
587 * If resolve failed, free exitconn and return -1.
588 *
589 * (For EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE connections, send back a RESOLVED error cell
590 * on returning -1. For EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT connections, there's no
591 * need to send back an END cell, since connection_exit_begin_conn will
592 * do that for us.)
593 *
594 * If we have a cached answer, send the answer back along <b>exitconn</b>'s
595 * circuit.
596 *
597 * Else, if seen before and pending, add conn to the pending list,
598 * and return 0.
599 *
600 * Else, if not seen before, add conn to pending list, hand to
601 * dns farm, and return 0.
602 *
603 * Exitconn's on_circuit field must be set, but exitconn should not
604 * yet be linked onto the n_streams/resolving_streams list of that circuit.
605 * On success, link the connection to n_streams if it's an exit connection.
606 * On "pending", link the connection to resolving streams. Otherwise,
607 * clear its on_circuit field.
608 */
609 int
dns_resolve(edge_connection_t * exitconn)610 dns_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
611 {
612 or_circuit_t *oncirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(exitconn->on_circuit);
613 int is_resolve, r;
614 int made_connection_pending = 0;
615 char *hostname = NULL;
616 cached_resolve_t *resolve = NULL;
617 is_resolve = exitconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE;
618
619 r = dns_resolve_impl(exitconn, is_resolve, oncirc, &hostname,
620 &made_connection_pending, &resolve);
621
622 switch (r) {
623 case 1:
624 /* We got an answer without a lookup -- either the answer was
625 * cached, or it was obvious (like an IP address). */
626 if (is_resolve) {
627 /* Send the answer back right now, and detach. */
628 if (hostname)
629 send_resolved_hostname_cell(exitconn, hostname);
630 else
631 send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO, resolve);
632 exitconn->on_circuit = NULL;
633 } else {
634 /* Add to the n_streams list; the calling function will send back a
635 * connected cell. */
636 exitconn->next_stream = oncirc->n_streams;
637 oncirc->n_streams = exitconn;
638 }
639 break;
640 case 0:
641 /* The request is pending: add the connection into the linked list of
642 * resolving_streams on this circuit. */
643 exitconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING;
644 exitconn->next_stream = oncirc->resolving_streams;
645 oncirc->resolving_streams = exitconn;
646 break;
647 case -2:
648 case -1:
649 /* The request failed before it could start: cancel this connection,
650 * and stop everybody waiting for the same connection. */
651 if (is_resolve) {
652 send_resolved_cell(exitconn,
653 (r == -1) ? RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR : RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT,
654 NULL);
655 }
656
657 exitconn->on_circuit = NULL;
658
659 dns_cancel_pending_resolve(exitconn->base_.address);
660
661 if (!made_connection_pending && !exitconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
662 /* If we made the connection pending, then we freed it already in
663 * dns_cancel_pending_resolve(). If we marked it for close, it'll
664 * get freed from the main loop. Otherwise, can free it now. */
665 connection_free_(TO_CONN(exitconn));
666 }
667 break;
668 default:
669 tor_assert(0);
670 }
671
672 tor_free(hostname);
673 return r;
674 }
675
676 /** Helper function for dns_resolve: same functionality, but does not handle:
677 * - marking connections on error and clearing their on_circuit
678 * - linking connections to n_streams/resolving_streams,
679 * - sending resolved cells if we have an answer/error right away,
680 *
681 * Return -2 on a transient error. If it's a reverse resolve and it's
682 * successful, sets *<b>hostname_out</b> to a newly allocated string
683 * holding the cached reverse DNS value.
684 *
685 * Set *<b>made_connection_pending_out</b> to true if we have placed
686 * <b>exitconn</b> on the list of pending connections for some resolve; set it
687 * to false otherwise.
688 *
689 * Set *<b>resolve_out</b> to a cached resolve, if we found one.
690 */
691 MOCK_IMPL(STATIC int,
692 dns_resolve_impl,(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
693 or_circuit_t *oncirc, char **hostname_out,
694 int *made_connection_pending_out,
695 cached_resolve_t **resolve_out))
696 {
697 cached_resolve_t *resolve;
698 cached_resolve_t search;
699 pending_connection_t *pending_connection;
700 int is_reverse = 0;
701 tor_addr_t addr;
702 time_t now = time(NULL);
703 int r;
704 assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(exitconn), 0);
705 tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(exitconn->base_.s));
706 assert_cache_ok();
707 tor_assert(oncirc);
708 *made_connection_pending_out = 0;
709
710 /* first check if exitconn->base_.address is an IP. If so, we already
711 * know the answer. */
712 if (tor_addr_parse(&addr, exitconn->base_.address) >= 0) {
713 if (tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET ||
714 tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET6) {
715 tor_addr_copy(&exitconn->base_.addr, &addr);
716 exitconn->address_ttl = DEFAULT_DNS_TTL;
717 return 1;
718 } else {
719 /* XXXX unspec? Bogus? */
720 return -1;
721 }
722 }
723
724 /* If we're a non-exit, don't even do DNS lookups. */
725 if (router_my_exit_policy_is_reject_star())
726 return -1;
727
728 if (address_is_invalid_destination(exitconn->base_.address, 0)) {
729 tor_log(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_EXIT,
730 "Rejecting invalid destination address %s",
731 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
732 return -1;
733 }
734
735 /* then take this opportunity to see if there are any expired
736 * resolves in the hash table. */
737 purge_expired_resolves(now);
738
739 /* lower-case exitconn->base_.address, so it's in canonical form */
740 tor_strlower(exitconn->base_.address);
741
742 /* Check whether this is a reverse lookup. If it's malformed, or it's a
743 * .in-addr.arpa address but this isn't a resolve request, kill the
744 * connection.
745 */
746 if ((r = tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(&addr, exitconn->base_.address,
747 AF_UNSPEC, 0)) != 0) {
748 if (r == 1) {
749 is_reverse = 1;
750 if (tor_addr_is_internal(&addr, 0)) /* internal address? */
751 return -1;
752 }
753
754 if (!is_reverse || !is_resolve) {
755 if (!is_reverse)
756 log_info(LD_EXIT, "Bad .in-addr.arpa address \"%s\"; sending error.",
757 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
758 else if (!is_resolve)
759 log_info(LD_EXIT,
760 "Attempt to connect to a .in-addr.arpa address \"%s\"; "
761 "sending error.",
762 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
763
764 return -1;
765 }
766 //log_notice(LD_EXIT, "Looks like an address %s",
767 //exitconn->base_.address);
768 }
769 exitconn->is_reverse_dns_lookup = is_reverse;
770
771 /* now check the hash table to see if 'address' is already there. */
772 strlcpy(search.address, exitconn->base_.address, sizeof(search.address));
773 resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
774 if (resolve && resolve->expire > now) { /* already there */
775 switch (resolve->state) {
776 case CACHE_STATE_PENDING:
777 /* add us to the pending list */
778 pending_connection = tor_malloc_zero(
779 sizeof(pending_connection_t));
780 pending_connection->conn = exitconn;
781 pending_connection->next = resolve->pending_connections;
782 resolve->pending_connections = pending_connection;
783 *made_connection_pending_out = 1;
784 log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") waiting "
785 "for pending DNS resolve of %s", exitconn->base_.s,
786 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
787 return 0;
788 case CACHE_STATE_CACHED:
789 log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") found "
790 "cached answer for %s",
791 exitconn->base_.s,
792 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
793
794 *resolve_out = resolve;
795
796 return set_exitconn_info_from_resolve(exitconn, resolve, hostname_out);
797 case CACHE_STATE_DONE:
798 log_err(LD_BUG, "Found a 'DONE' dns resolve still in the cache.");
799 tor_fragile_assert();
800 }
801 tor_assert(0);
802 }
803 tor_assert(!resolve);
804 /* not there, need to add it */
805 resolve = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(cached_resolve_t));
806 resolve->magic = CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC;
807 resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_PENDING;
808 resolve->minheap_idx = -1;
809 strlcpy(resolve->address, exitconn->base_.address, sizeof(resolve->address));
810
811 /* add this connection to the pending list */
812 pending_connection = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(pending_connection_t));
813 pending_connection->conn = exitconn;
814 resolve->pending_connections = pending_connection;
815 *made_connection_pending_out = 1;
816
817 /* Add this resolve to the cache and priority queue. */
818 HT_INSERT(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
819 set_expiry(resolve, now + RESOLVE_MAX_TIMEOUT);
820
821 log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Launching %s.",
822 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
823 assert_cache_ok();
824
825 return launch_resolve(resolve);
826 }
827
828 /** Given an exit connection <b>exitconn</b>, and a cached_resolve_t
829 * <b>resolve</b> whose DNS lookups have all either succeeded or failed,
830 * update the appropriate fields (address_ttl and addr) of <b>exitconn</b>.
831 *
832 * The logic can be complicated here, since we might have launched both
833 * an A lookup and an AAAA lookup, and since either of those might have
834 * succeeded or failed, and since we want to answer a RESOLVE cell with
835 * a full answer but answer a BEGIN cell with whatever answer the client
836 * would accept <i>and</i> we could still connect to.
837 *
838 * If this is a reverse lookup, set *<b>hostname_out</b> to a newly allocated
839 * copy of the name resulting hostname.
840 *
841 * Return -2 on a transient error, -1 on a permenent error, and 1 on
842 * a successful lookup.
843 */
844 MOCK_IMPL(STATIC int,
845 set_exitconn_info_from_resolve,(edge_connection_t *exitconn,
846 const cached_resolve_t *resolve,
847 char **hostname_out))
848 {
849 int ipv4_ok, ipv6_ok, answer_with_ipv4, r;
850 uint32_t begincell_flags;
851 const int is_resolve = exitconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE;
852 tor_assert(exitconn);
853 tor_assert(resolve);
854
855 if (exitconn->is_reverse_dns_lookup) {
856 exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl_hostname;
857 if (resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
858 *hostname_out = tor_strdup(resolve->result_ptr.hostname);
859 return 1;
860 } else {
861 return -1;
862 }
863 }
864
865 /* If we're here then the connection wants one or either of ipv4, ipv6, and
866 * we can give it one or both. */
867 if (is_resolve) {
868 begincell_flags = BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_OK;
869 } else {
870 begincell_flags = exitconn->begincell_flags;
871 }
872
873 ipv4_ok = (resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) &&
874 ! (begincell_flags & BEGIN_FLAG_IPV4_NOT_OK);
875 ipv6_ok = (resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) &&
876 (begincell_flags & BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_OK) &&
877 get_options()->IPv6Exit;
878
879 /* Now decide which one to actually give. */
880 if (ipv4_ok && ipv6_ok && is_resolve) {
881 answer_with_ipv4 = 1;
882 } else if (ipv4_ok && ipv6_ok) {
883 /* If we have both, see if our exit policy has an opinion. */
884 const uint16_t port = exitconn->base_.port;
885 int ipv4_allowed, ipv6_allowed;
886 tor_addr_t a4, a6;
887 tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&a4, resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4);
888 tor_addr_from_in6(&a6, &resolve->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6);
889 ipv4_allowed = !router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(&a4, port);
890 ipv6_allowed = !router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(&a6, port);
891 if (ipv4_allowed && !ipv6_allowed) {
892 answer_with_ipv4 = 1;
893 } else if (ipv6_allowed && !ipv4_allowed) {
894 answer_with_ipv4 = 0;
895 } else {
896 /* Our exit policy would permit both. Answer with whichever the user
897 * prefers */
898 answer_with_ipv4 = !(begincell_flags &
899 BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_PREFERRED);
900 }
901 } else {
902 /* Otherwise if one is okay, send it back. */
903 if (ipv4_ok) {
904 answer_with_ipv4 = 1;
905 } else if (ipv6_ok) {
906 answer_with_ipv4 = 0;
907 } else {
908 /* Neither one was okay. Choose based on user preference. */
909 answer_with_ipv4 = !(begincell_flags &
910 BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_PREFERRED);
911 }
912 }
913
914 /* Finally, we write the answer back. */
915 r = 1;
916 if (answer_with_ipv4) {
917 if (resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
918 tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&exitconn->base_.addr,
919 resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4);
920 } else {
921 r = evdns_err_is_transient(resolve->result_ipv4.err_ipv4) ? -2 : -1;
922 }
923
924 exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv4;
925 } else {
926 if (resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
927 tor_addr_from_in6(&exitconn->base_.addr,
928 &resolve->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6);
929 } else {
930 r = evdns_err_is_transient(resolve->result_ipv6.err_ipv6) ? -2 : -1;
931 }
932
933 exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv6;
934 }
935
936 return r;
937 }
938
939 /** Log an error and abort if conn is waiting for a DNS resolve.
940 */
941 void
assert_connection_edge_not_dns_pending(edge_connection_t * conn)942 assert_connection_edge_not_dns_pending(edge_connection_t *conn)
943 {
944 pending_connection_t *pend;
945 cached_resolve_t search;
946
947 #if 1
948 cached_resolve_t *resolve;
949 strlcpy(search.address, conn->base_.address, sizeof(search.address));
950 resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
951 if (!resolve)
952 return;
953 for (pend = resolve->pending_connections; pend; pend = pend->next) {
954 tor_assert(pend->conn != conn);
955 }
956 #else /* !(1) */
957 cached_resolve_t **resolve;
958 HT_FOREACH(resolve, cache_map, &cache_root) {
959 for (pend = (*resolve)->pending_connections; pend; pend = pend->next) {
960 tor_assert(pend->conn != conn);
961 }
962 }
963 #endif /* 1 */
964 }
965
966 /** Remove <b>conn</b> from the list of connections waiting for conn-\>address.
967 */
968 void
connection_dns_remove(edge_connection_t * conn)969 connection_dns_remove(edge_connection_t *conn)
970 {
971 pending_connection_t *pend, *victim;
972 cached_resolve_t search;
973 cached_resolve_t *resolve;
974
975 tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT);
976 tor_assert(conn->base_.state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING);
977
978 strlcpy(search.address, conn->base_.address, sizeof(search.address));
979
980 resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
981 if (!resolve) {
982 log_notice(LD_BUG, "Address %s is not pending. Dropping.",
983 escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
984 return;
985 }
986
987 tor_assert(resolve->pending_connections);
988 assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(conn),0);
989
990 pend = resolve->pending_connections;
991
992 if (pend->conn == conn) {
993 resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
994 tor_free(pend);
995 log_debug(LD_EXIT, "First connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") no "
996 "longer waiting for resolve of %s",
997 conn->base_.s,
998 escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
999 return;
1000 } else {
1001 for ( ; pend->next; pend = pend->next) {
1002 if (pend->next->conn == conn) {
1003 victim = pend->next;
1004 pend->next = victim->next;
1005 tor_free(victim);
1006 log_debug(LD_EXIT,
1007 "Connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") no longer waiting "
1008 "for resolve of %s",
1009 conn->base_.s, escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
1010 return; /* more are pending */
1011 }
1012 }
1013 log_warn(LD_BUG, "Connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") was not waiting "
1014 "for a resolve of %s, but we tried to remove it.",
1015 conn->base_.s, escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
1016 }
1017 }
1018
1019 /** Mark all connections waiting for <b>address</b> for close. Then cancel
1020 * the resolve for <b>address</b> itself, and remove any cached results for
1021 * <b>address</b> from the cache.
1022 */
1023 MOCK_IMPL(STATIC void,
1024 dns_cancel_pending_resolve,(const char *address))
1025 {
1026 pending_connection_t *pend;
1027 cached_resolve_t search;
1028 cached_resolve_t *resolve, *tmp;
1029 edge_connection_t *pendconn;
1030 circuit_t *circ;
1031
1032 strlcpy(search.address, address, sizeof(search.address));
1033
1034 resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
1035 if (!resolve)
1036 return;
1037
1038 if (resolve->state != CACHE_STATE_PENDING) {
1039 /* We can get into this state if we never actually created the pending
1040 * resolve, due to finding an earlier cached error or something. Just
1041 * ignore it. */
1042 if (resolve->pending_connections) {
1043 log_warn(LD_BUG,
1044 "Address %s is not pending but has pending connections!",
1045 escaped_safe_str(address));
1046 tor_fragile_assert();
1047 }
1048 return;
1049 }
1050
1051 if (!resolve->pending_connections) {
1052 log_warn(LD_BUG,
1053 "Address %s is pending but has no pending connections!",
1054 escaped_safe_str(address));
1055 tor_fragile_assert();
1056 return;
1057 }
1058 tor_assert(resolve->pending_connections);
1059
1060 /* mark all pending connections to fail */
1061 log_debug(LD_EXIT,
1062 "Failing all connections waiting on DNS resolve of %s",
1063 escaped_safe_str(address));
1064 while (resolve->pending_connections) {
1065 pend = resolve->pending_connections;
1066 pend->conn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
1067 pendconn = pend->conn;
1068 assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(pendconn), 0);
1069 tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pendconn->base_.s));
1070 if (!pendconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
1071 connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_RESOLVEFAILED);
1072 }
1073 circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn);
1074 if (circ)
1075 circuit_detach_stream(circ, pendconn);
1076 if (!pendconn->base_.marked_for_close)
1077 connection_free_(TO_CONN(pendconn));
1078 resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
1079 tor_free(pend);
1080 }
1081
1082 tmp = HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
1083 if (tmp != resolve) {
1084 log_err(LD_BUG, "The cancelled resolve we purged didn't match any in"
1085 " the cache. Tried to purge %s (%p); instead got %s (%p).",
1086 resolve->address, (void*)resolve,
1087 tmp ? tmp->address : "NULL", (void*)tmp);
1088 }
1089 tor_assert(tmp == resolve);
1090
1091 resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_DONE;
1092 }
1093
1094 /** Return true iff <b>address</b> is one of the addresses we use to verify
1095 * that well-known sites aren't being hijacked by our DNS servers. */
1096 static inline int
is_test_address(const char * address)1097 is_test_address(const char *address)
1098 {
1099 const or_options_t *options = get_options();
1100 return options->ServerDNSTestAddresses &&
1101 smartlist_contains_string_case(options->ServerDNSTestAddresses, address);
1102 }
1103
1104 /** Called on the OR side when the eventdns library tells us the outcome of a
1105 * single DNS resolve: remember the answer, and tell all pending connections
1106 * about the result of the lookup if the lookup is now done. (<b>address</b>
1107 * is a NUL-terminated string containing the address to look up;
1108 * <b>query_type</b> is one of DNS_{IPv4_A,IPv6_AAAA,PTR}; <b>dns_answer</b>
1109 * is DNS_OK or one of DNS_ERR_*, <b>addr</b> is an IPv4 or IPv6 address if we
1110 * got one; <b>hostname</b> is a hostname fora PTR request if we got one, and
1111 * <b>ttl</b> is the time-to-live of this answer, in seconds.)
1112 */
1113 static void
dns_found_answer(const char * address,uint8_t query_type,int dns_answer,const tor_addr_t * addr,const char * hostname,uint32_t ttl)1114 dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t query_type,
1115 int dns_answer,
1116 const tor_addr_t *addr,
1117 const char *hostname, uint32_t ttl)
1118 {
1119 cached_resolve_t search;
1120 cached_resolve_t *resolve;
1121
1122 assert_cache_ok();
1123
1124 strlcpy(search.address, address, sizeof(search.address));
1125
1126 resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
1127 if (!resolve) {
1128 int is_test_addr = is_test_address(address);
1129 if (!is_test_addr)
1130 log_info(LD_EXIT,"Resolved unasked address %s; ignoring.",
1131 escaped_safe_str(address));
1132 return;
1133 }
1134 assert_resolve_ok(resolve);
1135
1136 if (resolve->state != CACHE_STATE_PENDING) {
1137 /* XXXX Maybe update addr? or check addr for consistency? Or let
1138 * VALID replace FAILED? */
1139 int is_test_addr = is_test_address(address);
1140 if (!is_test_addr)
1141 log_notice(LD_EXIT,
1142 "Resolved %s which was already resolved; ignoring",
1143 escaped_safe_str(address));
1144 tor_assert(resolve->pending_connections == NULL);
1145 return;
1146 }
1147
1148 cached_resolve_add_answer(resolve, query_type, dns_answer,
1149 addr, hostname, ttl);
1150
1151 if (cached_resolve_have_all_answers(resolve)) {
1152 inform_pending_connections(resolve);
1153
1154 make_pending_resolve_cached(resolve);
1155 }
1156 }
1157
1158 /** Given a pending cached_resolve_t that we just finished resolving,
1159 * inform every connection that was waiting for the outcome of that
1160 * resolution.
1161 *
1162 * Do this by sending a RELAY_RESOLVED cell (if the pending stream had sent us
1163 * RELAY_RESOLVE cell), or by launching an exit connection (if the pending
1164 * stream had send us a RELAY_BEGIN cell).
1165 */
1166 static void
inform_pending_connections(cached_resolve_t * resolve)1167 inform_pending_connections(cached_resolve_t *resolve)
1168 {
1169 pending_connection_t *pend;
1170 edge_connection_t *pendconn;
1171 int r;
1172
1173 while (resolve->pending_connections) {
1174 char *hostname = NULL;
1175 pend = resolve->pending_connections;
1176 pendconn = pend->conn; /* don't pass complex things to the
1177 connection_mark_for_close macro */
1178 assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(pendconn),time(NULL));
1179
1180 if (pendconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
1181 /* prevent double-remove. */
1182 pendconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
1183 resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
1184 tor_free(pend);
1185 continue;
1186 }
1187
1188 r = set_exitconn_info_from_resolve(pendconn,
1189 resolve,
1190 &hostname);
1191
1192 if (r < 0) {
1193 /* prevent double-remove. */
1194 pendconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
1195 if (pendconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) {
1196 connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_RESOLVEFAILED);
1197 /* This detach must happen after we send the end cell. */
1198 circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn);
1199 } else {
1200 send_resolved_cell(pendconn, r == -1 ?
1201 RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR : RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT,
1202 NULL);
1203 /* This detach must happen after we send the resolved cell. */
1204 circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn);
1205 }
1206 connection_free_(TO_CONN(pendconn));
1207 } else {
1208 circuit_t *circ;
1209 if (pendconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) {
1210 /* prevent double-remove. */
1211 pend->conn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
1212
1213 circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pend->conn);
1214 tor_assert(circ);
1215 tor_assert(!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ));
1216 /* unlink pend->conn from resolving_streams, */
1217 circuit_detach_stream(circ, pend->conn);
1218 /* and link it to n_streams */
1219 pend->conn->next_stream = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->n_streams;
1220 pend->conn->on_circuit = circ;
1221 TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->n_streams = pend->conn;
1222
1223 connection_exit_connect(pend->conn);
1224 } else {
1225 /* prevent double-remove. This isn't really an accurate state,
1226 * but it does the right thing. */
1227 pendconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
1228 if (pendconn->is_reverse_dns_lookup)
1229 send_resolved_hostname_cell(pendconn, hostname);
1230 else
1231 send_resolved_cell(pendconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO, resolve);
1232 circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn);
1233 tor_assert(circ);
1234 circuit_detach_stream(circ, pendconn);
1235 connection_free_(TO_CONN(pendconn));
1236 }
1237 }
1238 resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
1239 tor_free(pend);
1240 tor_free(hostname);
1241 }
1242 }
1243
1244 /** Remove a pending cached_resolve_t from the hashtable, and add a
1245 * corresponding cached cached_resolve_t.
1246 *
1247 * This function is only necessary because of the perversity of our
1248 * cache timeout code; see inline comment for ideas on eliminating it.
1249 **/
1250 static void
make_pending_resolve_cached(cached_resolve_t * resolve)1251 make_pending_resolve_cached(cached_resolve_t *resolve)
1252 {
1253 cached_resolve_t *removed;
1254
1255 resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_DONE;
1256 removed = HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
1257 if (removed != resolve) {
1258 log_err(LD_BUG, "The pending resolve we found wasn't removable from"
1259 " the cache. Tried to purge %s (%p); instead got %s (%p).",
1260 resolve->address, (void*)resolve,
1261 removed ? removed->address : "NULL", (void*)removed);
1262 }
1263 assert_resolve_ok(resolve);
1264 assert_cache_ok();
1265 /* The resolve will eventually just hit the time-out in the expiry queue and
1266 * expire. See fd0bafb0dedc7e2 for a brief explanation of how this got that
1267 * way. XXXXX we could do better!*/
1268
1269 {
1270 cached_resolve_t *new_resolve = tor_memdup(resolve,
1271 sizeof(cached_resolve_t));
1272 uint32_t ttl = UINT32_MAX;
1273 new_resolve->expire = 0; /* So that set_expiry won't croak. */
1274 if (resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK)
1275 new_resolve->result_ptr.hostname =
1276 tor_strdup(resolve->result_ptr.hostname);
1277
1278 new_resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_CACHED;
1279
1280 assert_resolve_ok(new_resolve);
1281 HT_INSERT(cache_map, &cache_root, new_resolve);
1282
1283 if ((resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK ||
1284 resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR) &&
1285 resolve->ttl_ipv4 < ttl)
1286 ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv4;
1287
1288 if ((resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK ||
1289 resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR) &&
1290 resolve->ttl_ipv6 < ttl)
1291 ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv6;
1292
1293 if ((resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK ||
1294 resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR) &&
1295 resolve->ttl_hostname < ttl)
1296 ttl = resolve->ttl_hostname;
1297
1298 set_expiry(new_resolve, time(NULL) + clip_dns_ttl(ttl));
1299 }
1300
1301 assert_cache_ok();
1302 }
1303
1304 /** Eventdns helper: return true iff the eventdns result <b>err</b> is
1305 * a transient failure. */
1306 static int
evdns_err_is_transient(int err)1307 evdns_err_is_transient(int err)
1308 {
1309 switch (err)
1310 {
1311 case DNS_ERR_SERVERFAILED:
1312 case DNS_ERR_TRUNCATED:
1313 case DNS_ERR_TIMEOUT:
1314 return 1;
1315 default:
1316 return 0;
1317 }
1318 }
1319
1320 /**
1321 * Return number of configured nameservers in <b>the_evdns_base</b>.
1322 */
1323 size_t
number_of_configured_nameservers(void)1324 number_of_configured_nameservers(void)
1325 {
1326 return evdns_base_count_nameservers(the_evdns_base);
1327 }
1328
1329 #ifdef HAVE_EVDNS_BASE_GET_NAMESERVER_ADDR
1330 /**
1331 * Return address of configured nameserver in <b>the_evdns_base</b>
1332 * at index <b>idx</b>.
1333 */
1334 tor_addr_t *
configured_nameserver_address(const size_t idx)1335 configured_nameserver_address(const size_t idx)
1336 {
1337 struct sockaddr_storage sa;
1338 ev_socklen_t sa_len = sizeof(sa);
1339
1340 if (evdns_base_get_nameserver_addr(the_evdns_base, (int)idx,
1341 (struct sockaddr *)&sa,
1342 sa_len) > 0) {
1343 tor_addr_t *tor_addr = tor_malloc(sizeof(tor_addr_t));
1344 if (tor_addr_from_sockaddr(tor_addr,
1345 (const struct sockaddr *)&sa,
1346 NULL) == 0) {
1347 return tor_addr;
1348 }
1349 tor_free(tor_addr);
1350 }
1351
1352 return NULL;
1353 }
1354 #endif /* defined(HAVE_EVDNS_BASE_GET_NAMESERVER_ADDR) */
1355
1356 /** Configure eventdns nameservers if force is true, or if the configuration
1357 * has changed since the last time we called this function, or if we failed on
1358 * our last attempt. On Unix, this reads from /etc/resolv.conf or
1359 * options->ServerDNSResolvConfFile; on Windows, this reads from
1360 * options->ServerDNSResolvConfFile or the registry. Return 0 on success or
1361 * -1 on failure. */
1362 static int
configure_nameservers(int force)1363 configure_nameservers(int force)
1364 {
1365 const or_options_t *options;
1366 const char *conf_fname;
1367 struct stat st;
1368 int r, flags;
1369 options = get_options();
1370 conf_fname = options->ServerDNSResolvConfFile;
1371 #ifndef _WIN32
1372 if (!conf_fname)
1373 conf_fname = "/etc/resolv.conf";
1374 #endif
1375 flags = DNS_OPTIONS_ALL;
1376
1377 if (!the_evdns_base) {
1378 if (!(the_evdns_base = evdns_base_new(tor_libevent_get_base(), 0))) {
1379 log_err(LD_BUG, "Couldn't create an evdns_base");
1380 return -1;
1381 }
1382 }
1383
1384 evdns_set_log_fn(evdns_log_cb);
1385 if (conf_fname) {
1386 log_debug(LD_FS, "stat()ing %s", conf_fname);
1387 int missing_resolv_conf = 0;
1388 int stat_res = stat(sandbox_intern_string(conf_fname), &st);
1389
1390 if (stat_res) {
1391 log_warn(LD_EXIT, "Unable to stat resolver configuration in '%s': %s",
1392 conf_fname, strerror(errno));
1393 missing_resolv_conf = 1;
1394 } else if (!force && resolv_conf_fname &&
1395 !strcmp(conf_fname,resolv_conf_fname)
1396 && st.st_mtime == resolv_conf_mtime) {
1397 log_info(LD_EXIT, "No change to '%s'", conf_fname);
1398 return 0;
1399 }
1400
1401 if (stat_res == 0 && st.st_size == 0)
1402 missing_resolv_conf = 1;
1403
1404 if (nameservers_configured) {
1405 evdns_base_search_clear(the_evdns_base);
1406 evdns_base_clear_nameservers_and_suspend(the_evdns_base);
1407 }
1408 #if defined(DNS_OPTION_HOSTSFILE) && defined(USE_LIBSECCOMP)
1409 if (flags & DNS_OPTION_HOSTSFILE) {
1410 flags ^= DNS_OPTION_HOSTSFILE;
1411 log_debug(LD_FS, "Loading /etc/hosts");
1412 evdns_base_load_hosts(the_evdns_base,
1413 sandbox_intern_string("/etc/hosts"));
1414 }
1415 #endif /* defined(DNS_OPTION_HOSTSFILE) && defined(USE_LIBSECCOMP) */
1416
1417 if (!missing_resolv_conf) {
1418 log_info(LD_EXIT, "Parsing resolver configuration in '%s'", conf_fname);
1419 if ((r = evdns_base_resolv_conf_parse(the_evdns_base, flags,
1420 sandbox_intern_string(conf_fname)))) {
1421 log_warn(LD_EXIT, "Unable to parse '%s', or no nameservers "
1422 "in '%s' (%d)", conf_fname, conf_fname, r);
1423
1424 if (r != 6) // "r = 6" means "no DNS servers were in resolv.conf" -
1425 goto err; // in which case we expect libevent to add 127.0.0.1 as
1426 // fallback.
1427 }
1428 if (evdns_base_count_nameservers(the_evdns_base) == 0) {
1429 log_warn(LD_EXIT, "Unable to find any nameservers in '%s'.",
1430 conf_fname);
1431 }
1432
1433 tor_free(resolv_conf_fname);
1434 resolv_conf_fname = tor_strdup(conf_fname);
1435 resolv_conf_mtime = st.st_mtime;
1436 } else {
1437 log_warn(LD_EXIT, "Could not read your DNS config from '%s' - "
1438 "please investigate your DNS configuration. "
1439 "This is possibly a problem. Meanwhile, falling"
1440 " back to local DNS at 127.0.0.1.", conf_fname);
1441 evdns_base_nameserver_ip_add(the_evdns_base, "127.0.0.1");
1442 }
1443
1444 if (nameservers_configured)
1445 evdns_base_resume(the_evdns_base);
1446 }
1447 #ifdef _WIN32
1448 else {
1449 if (nameservers_configured) {
1450 evdns_base_search_clear(the_evdns_base);
1451 evdns_base_clear_nameservers_and_suspend(the_evdns_base);
1452 }
1453 if (evdns_base_config_windows_nameservers(the_evdns_base)) {
1454 log_warn(LD_EXIT,"Could not config nameservers.");
1455 goto err;
1456 }
1457 if (evdns_base_count_nameservers(the_evdns_base) == 0) {
1458 log_warn(LD_EXIT, "Unable to find any platform nameservers in "
1459 "your Windows configuration.");
1460 goto err;
1461 }
1462 if (nameservers_configured)
1463 evdns_base_resume(the_evdns_base);
1464 tor_free(resolv_conf_fname);
1465 resolv_conf_mtime = 0;
1466 }
1467 #endif /* defined(_WIN32) */
1468
1469 #define SET(k,v) evdns_base_set_option(the_evdns_base, (k), (v))
1470
1471 // If we only have one nameserver, it does not make sense to back off
1472 // from it for a timeout. Unfortunately, the value for max-timeouts is
1473 // currently clamped by libevent to 255, but it does not hurt to set
1474 // it higher in case libevent gets a patch for this. Higher-than-
1475 // default maximum of 3 with multiple nameservers to avoid spuriously
1476 // marking one down on bursts of timeouts resulting from scans/attacks
1477 // against non-responding authoritative DNS servers.
1478 if (evdns_base_count_nameservers(the_evdns_base) == 1) {
1479 SET("max-timeouts:", "1000000");
1480 } else {
1481 SET("max-timeouts:", "10");
1482 }
1483
1484 // Elongate the queue of maximum inflight dns requests, so if a bunch
1485 // remain pending at the resolver (happens commonly with Unbound) we won't
1486 // stall every other DNS request. This potentially means some wasted
1487 // CPU as there's a walk over a linear queue involved, but this is a
1488 // much better tradeoff compared to just failing DNS requests because
1489 // of a full queue.
1490 SET("max-inflight:", "8192");
1491
1492 // Two retries at 5 and 10 seconds for bind9/named which relies on
1493 // clients to handle retries. Second retry for retried circuits with
1494 // extended 15 second timeout. Superfluous with local-system Unbound
1495 // instance--has its own elaborate retry scheme.
1496 SET("timeout:", "5");
1497 SET("attempts:","3");
1498
1499 if (options->ServerDNSRandomizeCase)
1500 SET("randomize-case:", "1");
1501 else
1502 SET("randomize-case:", "0");
1503
1504 #undef SET
1505
1506 dns_servers_relaunch_checks();
1507
1508 nameservers_configured = 1;
1509 if (nameserver_config_failed) {
1510 nameserver_config_failed = 0;
1511 /* XXX the three calls to republish the descriptor might be producing
1512 * descriptors that are only cosmetically different, especially on
1513 * non-exit relays! -RD */
1514 mark_my_descriptor_dirty("dns resolvers back");
1515 }
1516 return 0;
1517 err:
1518 nameservers_configured = 0;
1519 if (! nameserver_config_failed) {
1520 nameserver_config_failed = 1;
1521 mark_my_descriptor_dirty("dns resolvers failed");
1522 }
1523 return -1;
1524 }
1525
1526 /** For eventdns: Called when we get an answer for a request we launched.
1527 * See eventdns.h for arguments; 'arg' holds the address we tried to resolve.
1528 */
1529 static void
evdns_callback(int result,char type,int count,int ttl,void * addresses,void * arg)1530 evdns_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl, void *addresses,
1531 void *arg)
1532 {
1533 char *arg_ = arg;
1534 uint8_t orig_query_type = arg_[0];
1535 char *string_address = arg_ + 1;
1536 tor_addr_t addr;
1537 const char *hostname = NULL;
1538 int was_wildcarded = 0;
1539
1540 tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
1541
1542 /* Note down any DNS errors to the statistics module */
1543 if (result == DNS_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
1544 /* libevent timed out while resolving a name. However, because libevent
1545 * handles retries and timeouts internally, this means that all attempts of
1546 * libevent timed out. If we wanted to get more granular information about
1547 * individual libevent attempts, we would have to implement our own DNS
1548 * timeout/retry logic */
1549 rep_hist_note_overload(OVERLOAD_GENERAL);
1550 }
1551
1552 /* Keep track of whether IPv6 is working */
1553 if (type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA) {
1554 if (result == DNS_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
1555 ++n_ipv6_timeouts;
1556 }
1557
1558 if (n_ipv6_timeouts > 10 &&
1559 n_ipv6_timeouts > n_ipv6_requests_made / 2) {
1560 if (! dns_is_broken_for_ipv6) {
1561 log_notice(LD_EXIT, "More than half of our IPv6 requests seem to "
1562 "have timed out. I'm going to assume I can't get AAAA "
1563 "responses.");
1564 dns_is_broken_for_ipv6 = 1;
1565 }
1566 }
1567 }
1568
1569 if (result == DNS_ERR_NONE) {
1570 if (type == DNS_IPv4_A && count) {
1571 char answer_buf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+1];
1572 char *escaped_address;
1573 uint32_t *addrs = addresses;
1574 tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&addr, addrs[0]);
1575
1576 tor_addr_to_str(answer_buf, &addr, sizeof(answer_buf), 0);
1577 escaped_address = esc_for_log(string_address);
1578
1579 if (answer_is_wildcarded(answer_buf)) {
1580 log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to ISP-hijacked "
1581 "address %s; treating as a failure.",
1582 safe_str(escaped_address),
1583 escaped_safe_str(answer_buf));
1584 was_wildcarded = 1;
1585 tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
1586 result = DNS_ERR_NOTEXIST;
1587 } else {
1588 log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to %s",
1589 safe_str(escaped_address),
1590 escaped_safe_str(answer_buf));
1591 }
1592 tor_free(escaped_address);
1593 } else if (type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA && count) {
1594 char answer_buf[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
1595 char *escaped_address;
1596 const char *ip_str;
1597 struct in6_addr *addrs = addresses;
1598 tor_addr_from_in6(&addr, &addrs[0]);
1599 ip_str = tor_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &addrs[0], answer_buf,
1600 sizeof(answer_buf));
1601 escaped_address = esc_for_log(string_address);
1602
1603 if (BUG(ip_str == NULL)) {
1604 log_warn(LD_EXIT, "tor_inet_ntop() failed!");
1605 result = DNS_ERR_NOTEXIST;
1606 } else if (answer_is_wildcarded(answer_buf)) {
1607 log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to ISP-hijacked "
1608 "address %s; treating as a failure.",
1609 safe_str(escaped_address),
1610 escaped_safe_str(answer_buf));
1611 was_wildcarded = 1;
1612 tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
1613 result = DNS_ERR_NOTEXIST;
1614 } else {
1615 log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to %s",
1616 safe_str(escaped_address),
1617 escaped_safe_str(answer_buf));
1618 }
1619 tor_free(escaped_address);
1620 } else if (type == DNS_PTR && count) {
1621 char *escaped_address;
1622 hostname = ((char**)addresses)[0];
1623 escaped_address = esc_for_log(string_address);
1624 log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to %s",
1625 safe_str(escaped_address),
1626 escaped_safe_str(hostname));
1627 tor_free(escaped_address);
1628 } else if (count) {
1629 log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns returned only unrecognized answer types "
1630 " for %s.",
1631 escaped_safe_str(string_address));
1632 } else {
1633 log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns returned no addresses or error for %s.",
1634 escaped_safe_str(string_address));
1635 }
1636 }
1637 if (was_wildcarded) {
1638 if (is_test_address(string_address)) {
1639 /* Ick. We're getting redirected on known-good addresses. Our DNS
1640 * server must really hate us. */
1641 add_wildcarded_test_address(string_address);
1642 }
1643 }
1644
1645 if (orig_query_type && type && orig_query_type != type) {
1646 log_warn(LD_BUG, "Weird; orig_query_type == %d but type == %d",
1647 (int)orig_query_type, (int)type);
1648 }
1649 if (result != DNS_ERR_SHUTDOWN)
1650 dns_found_answer(string_address, orig_query_type,
1651 result, &addr, hostname, ttl);
1652
1653 /* The result can be changed within this function thus why we note the result
1654 * at the end. */
1655 rep_hist_note_dns_error(type, result);
1656
1657 tor_free(arg_);
1658 }
1659
1660 /** Start a single DNS resolve for <b>address</b> (if <b>query_type</b> is
1661 * DNS_IPv4_A or DNS_IPv6_AAAA) <b>ptr_address</b> (if <b>query_type</b> is
1662 * DNS_PTR). Return 0 if we launched the request, -1 otherwise. */
1663 static int
launch_one_resolve(const char * address,uint8_t query_type,const tor_addr_t * ptr_address)1664 launch_one_resolve(const char *address, uint8_t query_type,
1665 const tor_addr_t *ptr_address)
1666 {
1667 const int options = get_options()->ServerDNSSearchDomains ? 0
1668 : DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH;
1669 const size_t addr_len = strlen(address);
1670 struct evdns_request *req = 0;
1671 char *addr = tor_malloc(addr_len + 2);
1672 addr[0] = (char) query_type;
1673 memcpy(addr+1, address, addr_len + 1);
1674
1675 /* Note the query for our statistics. */
1676 rep_hist_note_dns_request(query_type);
1677
1678 switch (query_type) {
1679 case DNS_IPv4_A:
1680 req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(the_evdns_base,
1681 address, options, evdns_callback, addr);
1682 break;
1683 case DNS_IPv6_AAAA:
1684 req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv6(the_evdns_base,
1685 address, options, evdns_callback, addr);
1686 ++n_ipv6_requests_made;
1687 break;
1688 case DNS_PTR:
1689 if (tor_addr_family(ptr_address) == AF_INET)
1690 req = evdns_base_resolve_reverse(the_evdns_base,
1691 tor_addr_to_in(ptr_address),
1692 DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH,
1693 evdns_callback, addr);
1694 else if (tor_addr_family(ptr_address) == AF_INET6)
1695 req = evdns_base_resolve_reverse_ipv6(the_evdns_base,
1696 tor_addr_to_in6(ptr_address),
1697 DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH,
1698 evdns_callback, addr);
1699 else
1700 log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called with PTR query and unexpected address family");
1701 break;
1702 default:
1703 log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called with unexpected query type %d", (int)query_type);
1704 break;
1705 }
1706
1707 if (req) {
1708 return 0;
1709 } else {
1710 tor_free(addr);
1711 return -1;
1712 }
1713 }
1714
1715 /** For eventdns: start resolving as necessary to find the target for
1716 * <b>exitconn</b>. Returns -1 on error, -2 on transient error,
1717 * 0 on "resolve launched." */
1718 MOCK_IMPL(STATIC int,
1719 launch_resolve,(cached_resolve_t *resolve))
1720 {
1721 tor_addr_t a;
1722 int r;
1723
1724 if (net_is_disabled())
1725 return -1;
1726
1727 /* What? Nameservers not configured? Sounds like a bug. */
1728 if (!nameservers_configured) {
1729 log_warn(LD_EXIT, "(Harmless.) Nameservers not configured, but resolve "
1730 "launched. Configuring.");
1731 if (configure_nameservers(1) < 0) {
1732 return -1;
1733 }
1734 }
1735
1736 r = tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(
1737 &a, resolve->address, AF_UNSPEC, 0);
1738
1739 tor_assert(the_evdns_base);
1740 if (r == 0) {
1741 log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching eventdns request for %s",
1742 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
1743 resolve->res_status_ipv4 = RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT;
1744 if (get_options()->IPv6Exit)
1745 resolve->res_status_ipv6 = RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT;
1746
1747 if (launch_one_resolve(resolve->address, DNS_IPv4_A, NULL) < 0) {
1748 resolve->res_status_ipv4 = 0;
1749 r = -1;
1750 }
1751
1752 if (r==0 && get_options()->IPv6Exit) {
1753 /* We ask for an IPv6 address for *everything*. */
1754 if (launch_one_resolve(resolve->address, DNS_IPv6_AAAA, NULL) < 0) {
1755 resolve->res_status_ipv6 = 0;
1756 r = -1;
1757 }
1758 }
1759 } else if (r == 1) {
1760 r = 0;
1761 log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching eventdns reverse request for %s",
1762 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
1763 resolve->res_status_hostname = RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT;
1764 if (launch_one_resolve(resolve->address, DNS_PTR, &a) < 0) {
1765 resolve->res_status_hostname = 0;
1766 r = -1;
1767 }
1768 } else if (r == -1) {
1769 log_warn(LD_BUG, "Somehow a malformed in-addr.arpa address reached here.");
1770 }
1771
1772 if (r < 0) {
1773 log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected address %s.",
1774 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
1775 }
1776 return r;
1777 }
1778
1779 /** How many requests for bogus addresses have we launched so far? */
1780 static int n_wildcard_requests = 0;
1781
1782 /** Map from dotted-quad IP address in response to an int holding how many
1783 * times we've seen it for a randomly generated (hopefully bogus) address. It
1784 * would be easier to use definitely-invalid addresses (as specified by
1785 * RFC2606), but see comment in dns_launch_wildcard_checks(). */
1786 static strmap_t *dns_wildcard_response_count = NULL;
1787
1788 /** If present, a list of dotted-quad IP addresses that we are pretty sure our
1789 * nameserver wants to return in response to requests for nonexistent domains.
1790 */
1791 static smartlist_t *dns_wildcard_list = NULL;
1792 /** True iff we've logged about a single address getting wildcarded.
1793 * Subsequent warnings will be less severe. */
1794 static int dns_wildcard_one_notice_given = 0;
1795 /** True iff we've warned that our DNS server is wildcarding too many failures.
1796 */
1797 static int dns_wildcard_notice_given = 0;
1798
1799 /** List of supposedly good addresses that are getting wildcarded to the
1800 * same addresses as nonexistent addresses. */
1801 static smartlist_t *dns_wildcarded_test_address_list = NULL;
1802 /** True iff we've warned about a test address getting wildcarded */
1803 static int dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given = 0;
1804 /** True iff all addresses seem to be getting wildcarded. */
1805 static int dns_is_completely_invalid = 0;
1806
1807 /** Called when we see <b>id</b> (a dotted quad or IPv6 address) in response
1808 * to a request for a hopefully bogus address. */
1809 static void
wildcard_increment_answer(const char * id)1810 wildcard_increment_answer(const char *id)
1811 {
1812 int *ip;
1813 if (!dns_wildcard_response_count)
1814 dns_wildcard_response_count = strmap_new();
1815
1816 ip = strmap_get(dns_wildcard_response_count, id); // may be null (0)
1817 if (!ip) {
1818 ip = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(int));
1819 strmap_set(dns_wildcard_response_count, id, ip);
1820 }
1821 ++*ip;
1822
1823 if (*ip > 5 && n_wildcard_requests > 10) {
1824 if (!dns_wildcard_list) dns_wildcard_list = smartlist_new();
1825 if (!smartlist_contains_string(dns_wildcard_list, id)) {
1826 tor_log(dns_wildcard_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_EXIT,
1827 "Your DNS provider has given \"%s\" as an answer for %d different "
1828 "invalid addresses. Apparently they are hijacking DNS failures. "
1829 "I'll try to correct for this by treating future occurrences of "
1830 "\"%s\" as 'not found'.", id, *ip, id);
1831 smartlist_add_strdup(dns_wildcard_list, id);
1832 }
1833 if (!dns_wildcard_notice_given)
1834 control_event_server_status(LOG_NOTICE, "DNS_HIJACKED");
1835 dns_wildcard_notice_given = 1;
1836 }
1837 }
1838
1839 /** Note that a single test address (one believed to be good) seems to be
1840 * getting redirected to the same IP as failures are. */
1841 static void
add_wildcarded_test_address(const char * address)1842 add_wildcarded_test_address(const char *address)
1843 {
1844 int n, n_test_addrs;
1845 if (!dns_wildcarded_test_address_list)
1846 dns_wildcarded_test_address_list = smartlist_new();
1847
1848 if (smartlist_contains_string_case(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list,
1849 address))
1850 return;
1851
1852 n_test_addrs = get_options()->ServerDNSTestAddresses ?
1853 smartlist_len(get_options()->ServerDNSTestAddresses) : 0;
1854
1855 smartlist_add_strdup(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list, address);
1856 n = smartlist_len(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list);
1857 if (n > n_test_addrs/2) {
1858 tor_log(dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE,
1859 LD_EXIT, "Your DNS provider tried to redirect \"%s\" to a junk "
1860 "address. It has done this with %d test addresses so far. I'm "
1861 "going to stop being an exit node for now, since our DNS seems so "
1862 "broken.", address, n);
1863 if (!dns_is_completely_invalid) {
1864 dns_is_completely_invalid = 1;
1865 mark_my_descriptor_dirty("dns hijacking confirmed");
1866 }
1867 if (!dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given)
1868 control_event_server_status(LOG_WARN, "DNS_USELESS");
1869 dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given = 1;
1870 }
1871 }
1872
1873 /** Callback function when we get an answer (possibly failing) for a request
1874 * for a (hopefully) nonexistent domain. */
1875 static void
evdns_wildcard_check_callback(int result,char type,int count,int ttl,void * addresses,void * arg)1876 evdns_wildcard_check_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl,
1877 void *addresses, void *arg)
1878 {
1879 (void)ttl;
1880 const char *ip_str;
1881 ++n_wildcard_requests;
1882 if (result == DNS_ERR_NONE && count) {
1883 char *string_address = arg;
1884 int i;
1885 if (type == DNS_IPv4_A) {
1886 const uint32_t *addrs = addresses;
1887 for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
1888 char answer_buf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+1];
1889 struct in_addr in;
1890 int ntoa_res;
1891 in.s_addr = addrs[i];
1892 ntoa_res = tor_inet_ntoa(&in, answer_buf, sizeof(answer_buf));
1893 tor_assert_nonfatal(ntoa_res >= 0);
1894 if (ntoa_res > 0)
1895 wildcard_increment_answer(answer_buf);
1896 }
1897 } else if (type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA) {
1898 const struct in6_addr *addrs = addresses;
1899 for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
1900 char answer_buf[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN+1];
1901 ip_str = tor_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &addrs[i], answer_buf,
1902 sizeof(answer_buf));
1903 tor_assert_nonfatal(ip_str);
1904 if (ip_str)
1905 wildcard_increment_answer(answer_buf);
1906 }
1907 }
1908
1909 tor_log(dns_wildcard_one_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_EXIT,
1910 "Your DNS provider gave an answer for \"%s\", which "
1911 "is not supposed to exist. Apparently they are hijacking "
1912 "DNS failures. Trying to correct for this. We've noticed %d "
1913 "possibly bad address%s so far.",
1914 string_address, strmap_size(dns_wildcard_response_count),
1915 (strmap_size(dns_wildcard_response_count) == 1) ? "" : "es");
1916 dns_wildcard_one_notice_given = 1;
1917 }
1918 tor_free(arg);
1919 }
1920
1921 /** Launch a single request for a nonexistent hostname consisting of between
1922 * <b>min_len</b> and <b>max_len</b> random (plausible) characters followed by
1923 * <b>suffix</b> */
1924 static void
launch_wildcard_check(int min_len,int max_len,int is_ipv6,const char * suffix)1925 launch_wildcard_check(int min_len, int max_len, int is_ipv6,
1926 const char *suffix)
1927 {
1928 char *addr;
1929 struct evdns_request *req;
1930
1931 addr = crypto_random_hostname(min_len, max_len, "", suffix);
1932 log_info(LD_EXIT, "Testing whether our DNS server is hijacking nonexistent "
1933 "domains with request for bogus hostname \"%s\"", addr);
1934
1935 tor_assert(the_evdns_base);
1936 if (is_ipv6)
1937 req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv6(
1938 the_evdns_base,
1939 /* This "addr" tells us which address to resolve */
1940 addr,
1941 DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH, evdns_wildcard_check_callback,
1942 /* This "addr" is an argument to the callback*/ addr);
1943 else
1944 req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(
1945 the_evdns_base,
1946 /* This "addr" tells us which address to resolve */
1947 addr,
1948 DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH, evdns_wildcard_check_callback,
1949 /* This "addr" is an argument to the callback*/ addr);
1950 if (!req) {
1951 /* There is no evdns request in progress; stop addr from getting leaked */
1952 tor_free(addr);
1953 }
1954 }
1955
1956 /** Launch attempts to resolve a bunch of known-good addresses (configured in
1957 * ServerDNSTestAddresses). [Callback for a libevent timer] */
1958 static void
launch_test_addresses(evutil_socket_t fd,short event,void * args)1959 launch_test_addresses(evutil_socket_t fd, short event, void *args)
1960 {
1961 const or_options_t *options = get_options();
1962 (void)fd;
1963 (void)event;
1964 (void)args;
1965
1966 if (net_is_disabled())
1967 return;
1968
1969 log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching checks to see whether our nameservers like to "
1970 "hijack *everything*.");
1971 /* This situation is worse than the failure-hijacking situation. When this
1972 * happens, we're no good for DNS requests at all, and we shouldn't really
1973 * be an exit server.*/
1974 if (options->ServerDNSTestAddresses) {
1975
1976 tor_assert(the_evdns_base);
1977 SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(options->ServerDNSTestAddresses,
1978 const char *, address) {
1979 if (launch_one_resolve(address, DNS_IPv4_A, NULL) < 0) {
1980 log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected test address %s",
1981 escaped_safe_str(address));
1982 }
1983
1984 if (launch_one_resolve(address, DNS_IPv6_AAAA, NULL) < 0) {
1985 log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected test address %s",
1986 escaped_safe_str(address));
1987 }
1988 } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(address);
1989 }
1990 }
1991
1992 #define N_WILDCARD_CHECKS 2
1993
1994 /** Launch DNS requests for a few nonexistent hostnames and a few well-known
1995 * hostnames, and see if we can catch our nameserver trying to hijack them and
1996 * map them to a stupid "I couldn't find ggoogle.com but maybe you'd like to
1997 * buy these lovely encyclopedias" page. */
1998 static void
dns_launch_wildcard_checks(void)1999 dns_launch_wildcard_checks(void)
2000 {
2001 int i, ipv6;
2002 log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching checks to see whether our nameservers like "
2003 "to hijack DNS failures.");
2004 for (ipv6 = 0; ipv6 <= 1; ++ipv6) {
2005 for (i = 0; i < N_WILDCARD_CHECKS; ++i) {
2006 /* RFC2606 reserves these. Sadly, some DNS hijackers, in a silly
2007 * attempt to 'comply' with rfc2606, refrain from giving A records for
2008 * these. This is the standards-compliance equivalent of making sure
2009 * that your crackhouse's elevator inspection certificate is up to date.
2010 */
2011 launch_wildcard_check(2, 16, ipv6, ".invalid");
2012 launch_wildcard_check(2, 16, ipv6, ".test");
2013
2014 /* These will break specs if there are ever any number of
2015 * 8+-character top-level domains. */
2016 launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, "");
2017
2018 /* Try some random .com/org/net domains. This will work fine so long as
2019 * not too many resolve to the same place. */
2020 launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, ".com");
2021 launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, ".org");
2022 launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, ".net");
2023 }
2024 }
2025 }
2026
2027 /** If appropriate, start testing whether our DNS servers tend to lie to
2028 * us. */
2029 void
dns_launch_correctness_checks(void)2030 dns_launch_correctness_checks(void)
2031 {
2032 static struct event *launch_event = NULL;
2033 struct timeval timeout;
2034 if (!get_options()->ServerDNSDetectHijacking)
2035 return;
2036 dns_launch_wildcard_checks();
2037
2038 /* Wait a while before launching requests for test addresses, so we can
2039 * get the results from checking for wildcarding. */
2040 if (!launch_event)
2041 launch_event = tor_evtimer_new(tor_libevent_get_base(),
2042 launch_test_addresses, NULL);
2043 timeout.tv_sec = 30;
2044 timeout.tv_usec = 0;
2045 if (evtimer_add(launch_event, &timeout) < 0) {
2046 log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't add timer for checking for dns hijacking");
2047 }
2048 }
2049
2050 /** Return true iff our DNS servers lie to us too much to be trusted. */
2051 int
dns_seems_to_be_broken(void)2052 dns_seems_to_be_broken(void)
2053 {
2054 return dns_is_completely_invalid;
2055 }
2056
2057 /** Return true iff we think that IPv6 hostname lookup is broken */
2058 int
dns_seems_to_be_broken_for_ipv6(void)2059 dns_seems_to_be_broken_for_ipv6(void)
2060 {
2061 return dns_is_broken_for_ipv6;
2062 }
2063
2064 /** Forget what we've previously learned about our DNS servers' correctness. */
2065 void
dns_reset_correctness_checks(void)2066 dns_reset_correctness_checks(void)
2067 {
2068 strmap_free(dns_wildcard_response_count, tor_free_);
2069 dns_wildcard_response_count = NULL;
2070
2071 n_wildcard_requests = 0;
2072
2073 n_ipv6_requests_made = n_ipv6_timeouts = 0;
2074
2075 if (dns_wildcard_list) {
2076 SMARTLIST_FOREACH(dns_wildcard_list, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
2077 smartlist_clear(dns_wildcard_list);
2078 }
2079 if (dns_wildcarded_test_address_list) {
2080 SMARTLIST_FOREACH(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list, char *, cp,
2081 tor_free(cp));
2082 smartlist_clear(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list);
2083 }
2084 dns_wildcard_one_notice_given = dns_wildcard_notice_given =
2085 dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given = dns_is_completely_invalid =
2086 dns_is_broken_for_ipv6 = 0;
2087 }
2088
2089 /** Return true iff we have noticed that the dotted-quad <b>ip</b> has been
2090 * returned in response to requests for nonexistent hostnames. */
2091 static int
answer_is_wildcarded(const char * ip)2092 answer_is_wildcarded(const char *ip)
2093 {
2094 return dns_wildcard_list && smartlist_contains_string(dns_wildcard_list, ip);
2095 }
2096
2097 /** Exit with an assertion if <b>resolve</b> is corrupt. */
2098 static void
assert_resolve_ok(cached_resolve_t * resolve)2099 assert_resolve_ok(cached_resolve_t *resolve)
2100 {
2101 tor_assert(resolve);
2102 tor_assert(resolve->magic == CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC);
2103 tor_assert(strlen(resolve->address) < MAX_ADDRESSLEN);
2104 tor_assert(tor_strisnonupper(resolve->address));
2105 if (resolve->state != CACHE_STATE_PENDING) {
2106 tor_assert(!resolve->pending_connections);
2107 }
2108 if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING ||
2109 resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_DONE) {
2110 #if 0
2111 tor_assert(!resolve->ttl);
2112 if (resolve->is_reverse)
2113 tor_assert(!resolve->hostname);
2114 else
2115 tor_assert(!resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4);
2116 #endif /* 0 */
2117 /*XXXXX ADD MORE */
2118 }
2119 }
2120
2121 /** Return the number of DNS cache entries as an int */
2122 static int
dns_cache_entry_count(void)2123 dns_cache_entry_count(void)
2124 {
2125 return HT_SIZE(&cache_root);
2126 }
2127
2128 /* Return the total size in bytes of the DNS cache. */
2129 size_t
dns_cache_total_allocation(void)2130 dns_cache_total_allocation(void)
2131 {
2132 return sizeof(struct cached_resolve_t) * dns_cache_entry_count() +
2133 HT_MEM_USAGE(&cache_root);
2134 }
2135
2136 /** Log memory information about our internal DNS cache at level 'severity'. */
2137 void
dump_dns_mem_usage(int severity)2138 dump_dns_mem_usage(int severity)
2139 {
2140 /* This should never be larger than INT_MAX. */
2141 int hash_count = dns_cache_entry_count();
2142 size_t hash_mem = dns_cache_total_allocation();
2143
2144 /* Print out the count and estimated size of our &cache_root. It undercounts
2145 hostnames in cached reverse resolves.
2146 */
2147 tor_log(severity, LD_MM, "Our DNS cache has %d entries.", hash_count);
2148 tor_log(severity, LD_MM, "Our DNS cache size is approximately %u bytes.",
2149 (unsigned)hash_mem);
2150 }
2151
2152 /* Do a round of OOM cleanup on all DNS entries. Return the amount of removed
2153 * bytes. It is possible that the returned value is lower than min_remove_bytes
2154 * if the caches get emptied out so the caller should be aware of this. */
2155 size_t
dns_cache_handle_oom(time_t now,size_t min_remove_bytes)2156 dns_cache_handle_oom(time_t now, size_t min_remove_bytes)
2157 {
2158 time_t time_inc = 0;
2159 size_t total_bytes_removed = 0;
2160 size_t current_size = dns_cache_total_allocation();
2161
2162 do {
2163 /* If no DNS entries left, break loop. */
2164 if (!dns_cache_entry_count())
2165 break;
2166
2167 /* Get cutoff interval and remove entries. */
2168 time_t cutoff = now + time_inc;
2169 purge_expired_resolves(cutoff);
2170
2171 /* Update amount of bytes removed and array size. */
2172 size_t bytes_removed = current_size - dns_cache_total_allocation();
2173 current_size -= bytes_removed;
2174 total_bytes_removed += bytes_removed;
2175
2176 /* Increase time_inc by a reasonable fraction. */
2177 time_inc += (MAX_DNS_TTL / 4);
2178 } while (total_bytes_removed < min_remove_bytes);
2179
2180 return total_bytes_removed;
2181 }
2182
2183 #ifdef DEBUG_DNS_CACHE
2184 /** Exit with an assertion if the DNS cache is corrupt. */
2185 static void
assert_cache_ok_(void)2186 assert_cache_ok_(void)
2187 {
2188 cached_resolve_t **resolve;
2189 int bad_rep = HT_REP_IS_BAD_(cache_map, &cache_root);
2190 if (bad_rep) {
2191 log_err(LD_BUG, "Bad rep type %d on dns cache hash table", bad_rep);
2192 tor_assert(!bad_rep);
2193 }
2194
2195 HT_FOREACH(resolve, cache_map, &cache_root) {
2196 assert_resolve_ok(*resolve);
2197 tor_assert((*resolve)->state != CACHE_STATE_DONE);
2198 }
2199 if (!cached_resolve_pqueue)
2200 return;
2201
2202 smartlist_pqueue_assert_ok(cached_resolve_pqueue,
2203 compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_,
2204 offsetof(cached_resolve_t, minheap_idx));
2205
2206 SMARTLIST_FOREACH(cached_resolve_pqueue, cached_resolve_t *, res,
2207 {
2208 if (res->state == CACHE_STATE_DONE) {
2209 cached_resolve_t *found = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, res);
2210 tor_assert(!found || found != res);
2211 } else {
2212 cached_resolve_t *found = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, res);
2213 tor_assert(found);
2214 }
2215 });
2216 }
2217
2218 #endif /* defined(DEBUG_DNS_CACHE) */
2219
2220 cached_resolve_t *
dns_get_cache_entry(cached_resolve_t * query)2221 dns_get_cache_entry(cached_resolve_t *query)
2222 {
2223 return HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, query);
2224 }
2225
2226 void
dns_insert_cache_entry(cached_resolve_t * new_entry)2227 dns_insert_cache_entry(cached_resolve_t *new_entry)
2228 {
2229 HT_INSERT(cache_map, &cache_root, new_entry);
2230 }
2231