classes/task/sync_members.php

<?php
// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
//
// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/**
 * Handles synchronising members using the enrolment LTI.
 *
 * @package    enrol_lti
 * @copyright  2016 Mark Nelson <markn@moodle.com>
 * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
 */

namespace enrol_lti\task;

defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die();

use core\task\scheduled_task;
use core_user;
use enrol_lti\data_connector;
use enrol_lti\helper;
use IMSGlobal\LTI\ToolProvider\Context;
use IMSGlobal\LTI\ToolProvider\ResourceLink;
use IMSGlobal\LTI\ToolProvider\ToolConsumer;
use IMSGlobal\LTI\ToolProvider\User;
use stdClass;

require_once($CFG->dirroot . '/user/lib.php');

/**
 * Task for synchronising members using the enrolment LTI.
 *
 * @package    enrol_lti
 * @copyright  2016 Mark Nelson <markn@moodle.com>
 * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
 */
class sync_members extends scheduled_task {

    /** @var array Array of user photos. */
    protected $userphotos = [];

    /** @var array Array of current LTI users. */
    protected $currentusers = [];

    /** @var data_connector $dataconnector A data_connector instance. */
    protected $dataconnector;

    /**
     * Get a descriptive name for this task.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function get_name() {
        return get_string('tasksyncmembers', 'enrol_lti');
    }

    /**
     * Performs the synchronisation of members.
     */
    public function execute() {
        if (!is_enabled_auth('lti')) {
            mtrace('Skipping task - ' . get_string('pluginnotenabled', 'auth', get_string('pluginname', 'auth_lti')));
            return;
        }

        // Check if the enrolment plugin is disabled - isn't really necessary as the task should not run if
        // the plugin is disabled, but there is no harm in making sure core hasn't done something wrong.
        if (!enrol_is_enabled('lti')) {
            mtrace('Skipping task - ' . get_string('enrolisdisabled', 'enrol_lti'));
            return;
        }

        $this->dataconnector = new data_connector();

        // Get all the enabled tools.
        $tools = helper::get_lti_tools(array('status' => ENROL_INSTANCE_ENABLED, 'membersync' => 1));
        foreach ($tools as $tool) {
            mtrace("Starting - Member sync for published tool '$tool->id' for course '$tool->courseid'.");

            // Variables to keep track of information to display later.
            $usercount = 0;
            $enrolcount = 0;
            $unenrolcount = 0;

            // Fetch consumer records mapped to this tool.
            $consumers = $this->dataconnector->get_consumers_mapped_to_tool($tool->id);

            // Perform processing for each consumer.
            foreach ($consumers as $consumer) {
                mtrace("Requesting membership service for the tool consumer '{$consumer->getRecordId()}'");

                // Get members through this tool consumer.
                $members = $this->fetch_members_from_consumer($consumer);

                // Check if we were able to fetch the members.
                if ($members === false) {
                    mtrace("Skipping - Membership service request failed.\n");
                    continue;
                }

                // Fetched members count.
                $membercount = count($members);
                mtrace("$membercount members received.\n");

                // Process member information.
                list($usercount, $enrolcount) = $this->sync_member_information($tool, $consumer, $members);
            }

            // Now we check if we have to unenrol users who were not listed.
            if ($this->should_sync_unenrol($tool->membersyncmode)) {
                $unenrolcount = $this->sync_unenrol($tool);
            }

            mtrace("Completed - Synced members for tool '$tool->id' in the course '$tool->courseid'. " .
                 "Processed $usercount users; enrolled $enrolcount members; unenrolled $unenrolcount members.\n");
        }

        // Sync the user profile photos.
        mtrace("Started - Syncing user profile images.");
        $countsyncedimages = $this->sync_profile_images();
        mtrace("Completed - Synced $countsyncedimages profile images.");
    }

    /**
     * Fetches the members that belong to a ToolConsumer.
     *
     * @param ToolConsumer $consumer
     * @return bool|User[]
     */
    protected function fetch_members_from_consumer(ToolConsumer $consumer) {
        $dataconnector = $this->dataconnector;

        // Get membership URL template from consumer profile data.
        $defaultmembershipsurl = null;
        if (isset($consumer->profile->service_offered)) {
            $servicesoffered = $consumer->profile->service_offered;
            foreach ($servicesoffered as $service) {
                if (isset($service->{'@id'}) && strpos($service->{'@id'}, 'tcp:ToolProxyBindingMemberships') !== false &&
                    isset($service->endpoint)) {
                    $defaultmembershipsurl = $service->endpoint;
                    if (isset($consumer->profile->product_instance->product_info->product_family->vendor->code)) {
                        $vendorcode = $consumer->profile->product_instance->product_info->product_family->vendor->code;
                        $defaultmembershipsurl = str_replace('{vendor_code}', $vendorcode, $defaultmembershipsurl);
                    }
                    $defaultmembershipsurl = str_replace('{product_code}', $consumer->getKey(), $defaultmembershipsurl);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        $members = false;

        // Fetch the resource link linked to the consumer.
        $resourcelink = $dataconnector->get_resourcelink_from_consumer($consumer);
        if ($resourcelink !== null) {
            // Try to perform a membership service request using this resource link.
            $members = $this->do_resourcelink_membership_request($resourcelink);
        }

        // If membership service can't be performed through resource link, fallback through context memberships.
        if ($members === false) {
            // Fetch context records that are mapped to this ToolConsumer.
            $contexts = $dataconnector->get_contexts_from_consumer($consumer);

            // Perform membership service request for each of these contexts.
            foreach ($contexts as $context) {
                $contextmembership = $this->do_context_membership_request($context, $resourcelink, $defaultmembershipsurl);
                if ($contextmembership) {
                    // Add $contextmembership contents to $members array.
                    if (is_array($members)) {
                        $members = array_merge($members, $contextmembership);
                    } else {
                        $members = $contextmembership;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return $members;
    }

    /**
     * Method to determine whether to sync unenrolments or not.
     *
     * @param int $syncmode The tool's membersyncmode.
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function should_sync_unenrol($syncmode) {
        return $syncmode == helper::MEMBER_SYNC_ENROL_AND_UNENROL || $syncmode == helper::MEMBER_SYNC_UNENROL_MISSING;
    }

    /**
     * Method to determine whether to sync enrolments or not.
     *
     * @param int $syncmode The tool's membersyncmode.
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function should_sync_enrol($syncmode) {
        return $syncmode == helper::MEMBER_SYNC_ENROL_AND_UNENROL || $syncmode == helper::MEMBER_SYNC_ENROL_NEW;
    }

    /**
     * Performs synchronisation of member information and enrolments.
     *
     * @param stdClass $tool
     * @param ToolConsumer $consumer
     * @param User[] $members
     * @return array An array containing the number of members that were processed and the number of members that were enrolled.
     */
    protected function sync_member_information(stdClass $tool, ToolConsumer $consumer, $members) {
        global $DB;
        $usercount = 0;
        $enrolcount = 0;

        // Process member information.
        foreach ($members as $member) {
            $usercount++;

            // Set the user data.
            $user = new stdClass();
            $user->username = helper::create_username($consumer->getKey(), $member->ltiUserId);
            $user->firstname = core_user::clean_field($member->firstname, 'firstname');
            $user->lastname = core_user::clean_field($member->lastname, 'lastname');
            $user->email = core_user::clean_field($member->email, 'email');

            // Get the user data from the LTI consumer.
            $user = helper::assign_user_tool_data($tool, $user);

            $dbuser = core_user::get_user_by_username($user->username, 'id');
            if ($dbuser) {
                // If email is empty remove it, so we don't update the user with an empty email.
                if (empty($user->email)) {
                    unset($user->email);
                }

                $user->id = $dbuser->id;
                user_update_user($user);

                // Add the information to the necessary arrays.
                if (!in_array($user->id, $this->currentusers)) {
                    $this->currentusers[] = $user->id;
                }
                $this->userphotos[$user->id] = $member->image;
            } else {
                if ($this->should_sync_enrol($tool->membersyncmode)) {
                    // If the email was stripped/not set then fill it with a default one. This
                    // stops the user from being redirected to edit their profile page.
                    if (empty($user->email)) {
                        $user->email = $user->username .  "@example.com";
                    }

                    $user->auth = 'lti';
                    $user->id = user_create_user($user);

                    // Add the information to the necessary arrays.
                    $this->currentusers[] = $user->id;
                    $this->userphotos[$user->id] = $member->image;
                }
            }

            // Sync enrolments.
            if ($this->should_sync_enrol($tool->membersyncmode)) {
                // Enrol the user in the course.
                if (helper::enrol_user($tool, $user->id) === helper::ENROLMENT_SUCCESSFUL) {
                    // Increment enrol count.
                    $enrolcount++;
                }

                // Check if this user has already been registered in the enrol_lti_users table.
                if (!$DB->record_exists('enrol_lti_users', ['toolid' => $tool->id, 'userid' => $user->id])) {
                    // Create an initial enrol_lti_user record that we can use later when syncing grades and members.
                    $userlog = new stdClass();
                    $userlog->userid = $user->id;
                    $userlog->toolid = $tool->id;
                    $userlog->consumerkey = $consumer->getKey();

                    $DB->insert_record('enrol_lti_users', $userlog);
                }
            }
        }

        return [$usercount, $enrolcount];
    }

    /**
     * Performs unenrolment of users that are no longer enrolled in the consumer side.
     *
     * @param stdClass $tool The tool record object.
     * @return int The number of users that have been unenrolled.
     */
    protected function sync_unenrol(stdClass $tool) {
        global $DB;

        $ltiplugin = enrol_get_plugin('lti');

        if (!$this->should_sync_unenrol($tool->membersyncmode)) {
            return 0;
        }

        if (empty($this->currentusers)) {
            return 0;
        }

        $unenrolcount = 0;

        $ltiusersrs = $DB->get_recordset('enrol_lti_users', array('toolid' => $tool->id), 'lastaccess DESC', 'userid');
        // Go through the users and check if any were never listed, if so, remove them.
        foreach ($ltiusersrs as $ltiuser) {
            if (!in_array($ltiuser->userid, $this->currentusers)) {
                $instance = new stdClass();
                $instance->id = $tool->enrolid;
                $instance->courseid = $tool->courseid;
                $instance->enrol = 'lti';
                $ltiplugin->unenrol_user($instance, $ltiuser->userid);
                // Increment unenrol count.
                $unenrolcount++;
            }
        }
        $ltiusersrs->close();

        return $unenrolcount;
    }

    /**
     * Performs synchronisation of user profile images.
     */
    protected function sync_profile_images() {
        $counter = 0;
        foreach ($this->userphotos as $userid => $url) {
            if ($url) {
                $result = helper::update_user_profile_image($userid, $url);
                if ($result === helper::PROFILE_IMAGE_UPDATE_SUCCESSFUL) {
                    $counter++;
                    mtrace("Profile image succesfully downloaded and created for user '$userid' from $url.");
                } else {
                    mtrace($result);
                }
            }
        }
        return $counter;
    }

    /**
     * Performs membership service request using an LTI Context object.
     *
     * If the context has a 'custom_context_memberships_url' setting, we use this to perform the membership service request.
     * Otherwise, if a context is associated with resource link, we try first to get the members using the
     * ResourceLink::doMembershipsService() method.
     * If we're still unable to fetch members from the resource link, we try to build a memberships URL from the memberships URL
     * endpoint template that is defined in the ToolConsumer profile and substitute the parameters accordingly.
     *
     * @param Context $context The context object.
     * @param ResourceLink $resourcelink The resource link object.
     * @param string $membershipsurltemplate The memberships endpoint URL template.
     * @return bool|User[] Array of User objects upon successful membership service request. False, otherwise.
     */
    protected function do_context_membership_request(Context $context, ResourceLink $resourcelink = null,
                                                     $membershipsurltemplate = '') {
        $dataconnector = $this->dataconnector;

        // Flag to indicate whether to save the context later.
        $contextupdated = false;

        // If membership URL is not set, try to generate using the default membership URL from the consumer profile.
        if (!$context->hasMembershipService()) {
            if (empty($membershipsurltemplate)) {
                mtrace("Skipping - No membership service available.\n");
                return false;
            }

            if ($resourcelink === null) {
                $resourcelink = $dataconnector->get_resourcelink_from_context($context);
            }

            if ($resourcelink !== null) {
                // Try to perform a membership service request using this resource link.
                $resourcelinkmembers = $this->do_resourcelink_membership_request($resourcelink);
                if ($resourcelinkmembers) {
                    // If we're able to fetch members using this resource link, return these.
                    return $resourcelinkmembers;
                }
            }

            // If fetching memberships through resource link failed and we don't have a memberships URL, build one from template.
            mtrace("'custom_context_memberships_url' not set. Fetching default template: $membershipsurltemplate");
            $membershipsurl = $membershipsurltemplate;

            // Check if we need to fetch tool code.
            $needstoolcode = strpos($membershipsurl, '{tool_code}') !== false;
            if ($needstoolcode) {
                $toolcode = false;

                // Fetch tool code from the resource link data.
                $lisresultsourcedidjson = $resourcelink->getSetting('lis_result_sourcedid');
                if ($lisresultsourcedidjson) {
                    $lisresultsourcedid = json_decode($lisresultsourcedidjson);
                    if (isset($lisresultsourcedid->data->typeid)) {
                        $toolcode = $lisresultsourcedid->data->typeid;
                    }
                }

                if ($toolcode) {
                    // Substitute fetched tool code value.
                    $membershipsurl = str_replace('{tool_code}', $toolcode, $membershipsurl);
                } else {
                    // We're unable to determine the tool code. End this processing.
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // Get context_id parameter and substitute, if applicable.
            $membershipsurl = str_replace('{context_id}', $context->getId(), $membershipsurl);

            // Get context_type and substitute, if applicable.
            if (strpos($membershipsurl, '{context_type}') !== false) {
                $contexttype = $context->type !== null ? $context->type : 'CourseSection';
                $membershipsurl = str_replace('{context_type}', $contexttype, $membershipsurl);
            }

            // Save this URL for the context's custom_context_memberships_url setting.
            $context->setSetting('custom_context_memberships_url', $membershipsurl);
            $contextupdated = true;
        }

        // Perform membership service request.
        $url = $context->getSetting('custom_context_memberships_url');
        mtrace("Performing membership service request from context with URL {$url}.");
        $members = $context->getMembership();

        // Save the context if membership request succeeded and if it has been updated.
        if ($members && $contextupdated) {
            $context->save();
        }

        return $members;
    }

    /**
     * Performs membership service request using ResourceLink::doMembershipsService() method.
     *
     * @param ResourceLink $resourcelink
     * @return bool|User[] Array of User objects upon successful membership service request. False, otherwise.
     */
    protected function do_resourcelink_membership_request(ResourceLink $resourcelink) {
        $members = false;
        $membershipsurl = $resourcelink->getSetting('ext_ims_lis_memberships_url');
        $membershipsid = $resourcelink->getSetting('ext_ims_lis_memberships_id');
        if ($membershipsurl && $membershipsid) {
            mtrace("Performing membership service request from resource link with membership URL: " . $membershipsurl);
            $members = $resourcelink->doMembershipsService(true);
        }
        return $members;
    }
}