1 // sol2
2 
3 // The MIT License (MIT)
4 
5 // Copyright (c) 2013-2018 Rapptz, ThePhD and contributors
6 
7 // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
8 // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
9 // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
10 // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
11 // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
12 // subject to the following conditions:
13 
14 // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
15 // copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 
17 // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
18 // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
19 // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
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22 // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
23 
24 #ifndef SOL_STACK_PUSH_HPP
25 #define SOL_STACK_PUSH_HPP
26 
27 #include "stack_core.hpp"
28 #include "raii.hpp"
29 #include "optional.hpp"
30 #include "usertype_traits.hpp"
31 #include "filters.hpp"
32 #include "unicode.hpp"
33 
34 #include <memory>
35 #include <type_traits>
36 #include <cassert>
37 #include <limits>
38 #if defined(SOL_CXX17_FEATURES) && SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
39 #include <string_view>
40 #include <optional>
41 #if defined(SOL_STD_VARIANT) && SOL_STD_VARIANT
42 #include <variant>
43 #endif // Can use variant
44 #endif // C++17
45 
46 namespace sol {
47 namespace stack {
push_environment_of(lua_State * L,int index=-1)48 	inline int push_environment_of(lua_State* L, int index = -1) {
49 #if SOL_LUA_VERSION < 502
50 		// Use lua_getfenv
51 		lua_getfenv(L, index);
52 		return 1;
53 #else
54 		// Use upvalues as explained in Lua 5.2 and beyond's manual
55 		if (lua_getupvalue(L, index, 1) == nullptr) {
56 			push(L, lua_nil);
57 			return 1;
58 		}
59 #endif
60 		return 1;
61 	}
62 
63 	template <typename T>
push_environment_of(const T & target)64 	int push_environment_of(const T& target) {
65 		target.push();
66 		return push_environment_of(target.lua_state(), -1) + 1;
67 	}
68 
69 	template <typename T>
70 	struct pusher<detail::as_value_tag<T>> {
71 		template <typename F, typename... Args>
push_fxsol::stack::pusher72 		static int push_fx(lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
73 			// Basically, we store all user-data like this:
74 			// If it's a movable/copyable value (no std::ref(x)), then we store the pointer to the new
75 			// data in the first sizeof(T*) bytes, and then however many bytes it takes to
76 			// do the actual object. Things that are std::ref or plain T* are stored as
77 			// just the sizeof(T*), and nothing else.
78 			T* obj = detail::usertype_allocate<T>(L);
79 			std::allocator<T> alloc{};
80 			std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<T>>::construct(alloc, obj, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
81 			f();
82 			return 1;
83 		}
84 
85 		template <typename K, typename... Args>
push_keyedsol::stack::pusher86 		static int push_keyed(lua_State* L, K&& k, Args&&... args) {
87 			stack_detail::undefined_metatable<T> fx(L, &k[0]);
88 			return push_fx(L, fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
89 		}
90 
91 		template <typename... Args>
pushsol::stack::pusher92 		static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
93 			return push_keyed(L, usertype_traits<T>::metatable(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
94 		}
95 	};
96 
97 	template <typename T>
98 	struct pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> {
99 		typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> U;
100 
101 		template <typename F>
push_fxsol::stack::pusher102 		static int push_fx(lua_State* L, F&& f, T* obj) {
103 			if (obj == nullptr)
104 				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
105 			T** pref = detail::usertype_allocate_pointer<T>(L);
106 			*pref = obj;
107 			f();
108 			return 1;
109 		}
110 
111 		template <typename K>
push_keyedsol::stack::pusher112 		static int push_keyed(lua_State* L, K&& k, T* obj) {
113 			stack_detail::undefined_metatable<U*> fx(L, &k[0]);
114 			return push_fx(L, fx, obj);
115 		}
116 
pushsol::stack::pusher117 		static int push(lua_State* L, T* obj) {
118 			return push_keyed(L, usertype_traits<U*>::metatable(), obj);
119 		}
120 	};
121 
122 	template <>
123 	struct pusher<detail::as_reference_tag> {
124 		template <typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher125 		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& obj) {
126 			return stack::push(L, detail::ptr(obj));
127 		}
128 	};
129 
130 	template <typename T, typename>
131 	struct pusher {
132 		template <typename... Args>
pushsol::stack::pusher133 		static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
134 			return pusher<detail::as_value_tag<T>>{}.push(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
135 		}
136 	};
137 
138 	template <typename T>
139 	struct pusher<T*, meta::disable_if_t<meta::any<is_container<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, std::is_function<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
140 		template <typename... Args>
pushsol::stack::pusher141 		static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
142 			return pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>{}.push(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
143 		}
144 	};
145 
146 	template <typename T>
147 	struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<is_unique_usertype<T>::value>> {
148 		typedef typename unique_usertype_traits<T>::type P;
149 		typedef typename unique_usertype_traits<T>::actual_type Real;
150 
151 		template <typename Arg, meta::enable<std::is_base_of<Real, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>> = meta::enabler>
pushsol::stack::pusher152 		static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg) {
153 			if (unique_usertype_traits<T>::is_null(arg)) {
154 				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
155 			}
156 			return push_deep(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg));
157 		}
158 
159 		template <typename Arg0, typename Arg1, typename... Args>
pushsol::stack::pusher160 		static int push(lua_State* L, Arg0&& arg0, Arg0&& arg1, Args&&... args) {
161 			return push_deep(L, std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Arg1>(arg1), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
162 		}
163 
164 		template <typename... Args>
push_deepsol::stack::pusher165 		static int push_deep(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
166 			P** pref = nullptr;
167 			detail::unique_destructor* fx = nullptr;
168 			detail::unique_tag* id = nullptr;
169 			Real* mem = detail::usertype_unique_allocate<P, Real>(L, pref, fx, id);
170 			*fx = detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<P, Real>;
171 #if 0
172 			*id = &detail::inheritance<P>::type_unique_cast_bases<Real>;
173 #else
174 			*id = &usertype_traits<Real>::qualified_name()[0];
175 #endif
176 			detail::default_construct::construct(mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
177 			*pref = unique_usertype_traits<T>::get(*mem);
178 			if (luaL_newmetatable(L, &usertype_traits<detail::unique_usertype<std::remove_cv_t<P>>>::metatable()[0]) == 1) {
179 				luaL_Reg l[32]{};
180 				int index = 0;
181 				auto prop_fx = [](meta_function) { return true; };
182 				usertype_detail::insert_default_registrations<P>(l, index, prop_fx);
183 				usertype_detail::make_destructor<T>(l, index);
184 				luaL_setfuncs(L, l, 0);
185 			}
186 			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
187 			return 1;
188 		}
189 	};
190 
191 	template <typename T>
192 	struct pusher<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher193 		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::reference_wrapper<T>& t) {
194 			return stack::push(L, std::addressof(detail::deref(t.get())));
195 		}
196 	};
197 
198 	template <typename T>
199 	struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher200 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& value) {
201 			lua_pushnumber(L, value);
202 			return 1;
203 		}
204 	};
205 
206 	template <typename T>
207 	struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher208 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& value) {
209 #if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
210 			static auto integer_value_fits = [](T const& value) {
211 				if (sizeof(T) < sizeof(lua_Integer) || (std::is_signed<T>::value && sizeof(T) == sizeof(lua_Integer))) {
212 					return true;
213 				}
214 				auto u_min = static_cast<std::intmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<lua_Integer>::min)());
215 				auto u_max = static_cast<std::uintmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<lua_Integer>::max)());
216 				auto t_min = static_cast<std::intmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<T>::min)());
217 				auto t_max = static_cast<std::uintmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)());
218 				return (u_min <= t_min || value >= static_cast<T>(u_min)) && (u_max >= t_max || value <= static_cast<T>(u_max));
219 			};
220 			if (integer_value_fits(value)) {
221 				lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
222 				return 1;
223 			}
224 #endif // Lua 5.3 and above
225 #if (defined(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS) && SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS) && !(defined(SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION) && SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION)
226 			if (static_cast<T>(llround(static_cast<lua_Number>(value))) != value) {
227 #if defined(SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS
228 				// Is this really worth it?
229 				assert(false && "integer value will be misrepresented in lua");
230 				lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
231 				return 1;
232 #else
233 				throw error(detail::direct_error, "integer value will be misrepresented in lua");
234 #endif // No Exceptions
235 			}
236 #endif // Safe Numerics and Number Precision Check
237 			lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
238 			return 1;
239 		}
240 	};
241 
242 	template <typename T>
243 	struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher244 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& value) {
245 			if (std::is_same<char, std::underlying_type_t<T>>::value) {
246 				return stack::push(L, static_cast<int>(value));
247 			}
248 			return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(value));
249 		}
250 	};
251 
252 	template <typename T>
253 	struct pusher<detail::as_table_tag<T>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher254 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
255 			typedef meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>> has_kvp;
256 			return push(has_kvp(), std::false_type(), L, tablecont);
257 		}
258 
pushsol::stack::pusher259 		static int push(std::true_type, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
260 			typedef meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>> has_kvp;
261 			return push(has_kvp(), std::true_type(), L, tablecont);
262 		}
263 
pushsol::stack::pusher264 		static int push(std::false_type, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
265 			typedef meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>> has_kvp;
266 			return push(has_kvp(), std::false_type(), L, tablecont);
267 		}
268 
269 		template <bool is_nested>
pushsol::stack::pusher270 		static int push(std::true_type, std::integral_constant<bool, is_nested>, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
271 			auto& cont = detail::deref(detail::unwrap(tablecont));
272 			lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(cont.size()), 0);
273 			int tableindex = lua_gettop(L);
274 			for (const auto& pair : cont) {
275 				if (is_nested) {
276 					set_field(L, pair.first, as_nested_ref(pair.second), tableindex);
277 				}
278 				else {
279 					set_field(L, pair.first, pair.second, tableindex);
280 				}
281 			}
282 			return 1;
283 		}
284 
285 		template <bool is_nested>
pushsol::stack::pusher286 		static int push(std::false_type, std::integral_constant<bool, is_nested>, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
287 			auto& cont = detail::deref(detail::unwrap(tablecont));
288 			lua_createtable(L, stack_detail::get_size_hint(cont), 0);
289 			int tableindex = lua_gettop(L);
290 			std::size_t index = 1;
291 			for (const auto& i : cont) {
292 #if SOL_LUA_VERSION >= 503
293 				int p = is_nested ? stack::push(L, as_nested_ref(i)) : stack::push(L, i);
294 				for (int pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi) {
295 					lua_seti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(index++));
296 				}
297 #else
298 				lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(index));
299 				int p = is_nested ? stack::push(L, as_nested_ref(i)) : stack::push(L, i);
300 				if (p == 1) {
301 					++index;
302 					lua_settable(L, tableindex);
303 				}
304 				else {
305 					int firstindex = tableindex + 1 + 1;
306 					for (int pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi) {
307 						stack::push(L, index);
308 						lua_pushvalue(L, firstindex);
309 						lua_settable(L, tableindex);
310 						++index;
311 						++firstindex;
312 					}
313 					lua_pop(L, 1 + p);
314 				}
315 #endif // Lua Version 5.3 and others
316 			}
317 			// TODO: figure out a better way to do this...?
318 			//set_field(L, -1, cont.size());
319 			return 1;
320 		}
321 	};
322 
323 	template <typename T>
324 	struct pusher<as_table_t<T>, std::enable_if_t<is_container<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher325 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
326 			return stack::push<detail::as_table_tag<T>>(L, tablecont);
327 		}
328 	};
329 
330 	template <typename T>
331 	struct pusher<as_table_t<T>, std::enable_if_t<!is_container<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher332 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& v) {
333 			return stack::push(L, v);
334 		}
335 	};
336 
337 	template <typename T>
338 	struct pusher<nested<T>, std::enable_if_t<is_container<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher339 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
340 			pusher<detail::as_table_tag<T>> p{};
341 			// silence annoying VC++ warning
342 			(void)p;
343 			return p.push(std::true_type(), L, tablecont);
344 		}
345 	};
346 
347 	template <typename T>
348 	struct pusher<nested<T>, std::enable_if_t<!is_container<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher349 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
350 			pusher<meta::unqualified_t<T>> p{};
351 			// silence annoying VC++ warning
352 			(void)p;
353 			return p.push(L, tablecont);
354 		}
355 	};
356 
357 	template <typename T>
358 	struct pusher<std::initializer_list<T>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher359 		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::initializer_list<T>& il) {
360 			pusher<detail::as_table_tag<std::initializer_list<T>>> p{};
361 			// silence annoying VC++ warning
362 			(void)p;
363 			return p.push(L, il);
364 		}
365 	};
366 
367 	template <typename T>
368 	struct pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<is_lua_reference<T>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher369 		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& ref) {
370 			return ref.push(L);
371 		}
372 
pushsol::stack::pusher373 		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& ref) {
374 			return ref.push(L);
375 		}
376 	};
377 
378 	template <>
379 	struct pusher<bool> {
pushsol::stack::pusher380 		static int push(lua_State* L, bool b) {
381 			lua_pushboolean(L, b);
382 			return 1;
383 		}
384 	};
385 
386 	template <>
387 	struct pusher<lua_nil_t> {
pushsol::stack::pusher388 		static int push(lua_State* L, lua_nil_t) {
389 			lua_pushnil(L);
390 			return 1;
391 		}
392 	};
393 
394 	template <>
395 	struct pusher<stack_count> {
pushsol::stack::pusher396 		static int push(lua_State*, stack_count st) {
397 			return st.count;
398 		}
399 	};
400 
401 	template <>
402 	struct pusher<metatable_t> {
pushsol::stack::pusher403 		static int push(lua_State* L, metatable_t) {
404 			lua_pushlstring(L, "__mt", 4);
405 			return 1;
406 		}
407 	};
408 
409 	template <>
410 	struct pusher<std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher411 		static int push(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction func, int n = 0) {
412 			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
413 			return 1;
414 		}
415 	};
416 
417 	template <>
418 	struct pusher<lua_CFunction> {
pushsol::stack::pusher419 		static int push(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction func, int n = 0) {
420 			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
421 			return 1;
422 		}
423 	};
424 
425 #if defined(SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE) && SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
426 	template <>
427 	struct pusher<std::remove_pointer_t<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher428 		static int push(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept func, int n = 0) {
429 			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
430 			return 1;
431 		}
432 	};
433 
434 	template <>
435 	struct pusher<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept> {
pushsol::stack::pusher436 		static int push(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept func, int n = 0) {
437 			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
438 			return 1;
439 		}
440 	};
441 #endif // noexcept function type
442 
443 	template <>
444 	struct pusher<c_closure> {
pushsol::stack::pusher445 		static int push(lua_State* L, c_closure cc) {
446 			lua_pushcclosure(L, cc.c_function, cc.upvalues);
447 			return 1;
448 		}
449 	};
450 
451 	template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
452 	struct pusher<closure<Arg, Args...>> {
453 		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher454 		static int push(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, T&& c) {
455 			int pushcount = multi_push(L, detail::forward_get<I>(c.upvalues)...);
456 			return stack::push(L, c_closure(c.c_function, pushcount));
457 		}
458 
459 		template <typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher460 		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& c) {
461 			return push(std::make_index_sequence<1 + sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<T>(c));
462 		}
463 	};
464 
465 	template <>
466 	struct pusher<void*> {
pushsol::stack::pusher467 		static int push(lua_State* L, void* userdata) {
468 			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, userdata);
469 			return 1;
470 		}
471 	};
472 
473 	template <>
474 	struct pusher<const void*> {
pushsol::stack::pusher475 		static int push(lua_State* L, const void* userdata) {
476 			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, const_cast<void*>(userdata));
477 			return 1;
478 		}
479 	};
480 
481 	template <>
482 	struct pusher<lightuserdata_value> {
pushsol::stack::pusher483 		static int push(lua_State* L, lightuserdata_value userdata) {
484 			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, userdata);
485 			return 1;
486 		}
487 	};
488 
489 	template <typename T>
490 	struct pusher<light<T>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher491 		static int push(lua_State* L, light<T> l) {
492 			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, static_cast<void*>(l.value));
493 			return 1;
494 		}
495 	};
496 
497 	template <typename T>
498 	struct pusher<user<T>> {
499 		template <bool with_meta = true, typename Key, typename... Args>
push_withsol::stack::pusher500 		static int push_with(lua_State* L, Key&& name, Args&&... args) {
501 			// A dumb pusher
502 			T* data = detail::user_allocate<T>(L);
503 			std::allocator<T> alloc{};
504 			std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<T>>::construct(alloc, data, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
505 			if (with_meta) {
506 				// Make sure we have a plain GC set for this data
507 				if (luaL_newmetatable(L, name) != 0) {
508 					lua_CFunction cdel = detail::user_alloc_destruct<T>;
509 					lua_pushcclosure(L, cdel, 0);
510 					lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");
511 				}
512 				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
513 			}
514 			return 1;
515 		}
516 
517 		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, no_metatable_t, metatable_t>> = meta::enabler>
pushsol::stack::pusher518 		static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
519 			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
520 			return push_with(L, name, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
521 		}
522 
523 		template <typename... Args>
pushsol::stack::pusher524 		static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, Args&&... args) {
525 			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
526 			return push_with<false>(L, name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
527 		}
528 
529 		template <typename Key, typename... Args>
pushsol::stack::pusher530 		static int push(lua_State* L, metatable_t, Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
531 			const auto name = &key[0];
532 			return push_with<true>(L, name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
533 		}
534 
pushsol::stack::pusher535 		static int push(lua_State* L, const user<T>& u) {
536 			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
537 			return push_with(L, name, u.value);
538 		}
539 
pushsol::stack::pusher540 		static int push(lua_State* L, user<T>&& u) {
541 			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
542 			return push_with(L, name, std::move(u.value));
543 		}
544 
pushsol::stack::pusher545 		static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, const user<T>& u) {
546 			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
547 			return push_with<false>(L, name, u.value);
548 		}
549 
pushsol::stack::pusher550 		static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, user<T>&& u) {
551 			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
552 			return push_with<false>(L, name, std::move(u.value));
553 		}
554 	};
555 
556 	template <>
557 	struct pusher<userdata_value> {
pushsol::stack::pusher558 		static int push(lua_State* L, userdata_value data) {
559 			void** ud = detail::usertype_allocate_pointer<void>(L);
560 			*ud = data.value;
561 			return 1;
562 		}
563 	};
564 
565 	template <>
566 	struct pusher<const char*> {
push_sizedsol::stack::pusher567 		static int push_sized(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
568 			lua_pushlstring(L, str, len);
569 			return 1;
570 		}
571 
pushsol::stack::pusher572 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str) {
573 			if (str == nullptr)
574 				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
575 			return push_sized(L, str, std::char_traits<char>::length(str));
576 		}
577 
pushsol::stack::pusher578 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* strb, const char* stre) {
579 			return push_sized(L, strb, stre - strb);
580 		}
581 
pushsol::stack::pusher582 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
583 			return push_sized(L, str, len);
584 		}
585 	};
586 
587 	template <>
588 	struct pusher<char*> {
push_sizedsol::stack::pusher589 		static int push_sized(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
590 			pusher<const char*> p{};
591 			(void)p;
592 			return p.push_sized(L, str, len);
593 		}
594 
pushsol::stack::pusher595 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str) {
596 			pusher<const char*> p{};
597 			(void)p;
598 			return p.push(L, str);
599 		}
600 
pushsol::stack::pusher601 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* strb, const char* stre) {
602 			pusher<const char*> p{};
603 			(void)p;
604 			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
605 		}
606 
pushsol::stack::pusher607 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
608 			pusher<const char*> p{};
609 			(void)p;
610 			return p.push(L, str, len);
611 		}
612 	};
613 
614 	template <size_t N>
615 	struct pusher<char[N]> {
pushsol::stack::pusher616 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char (&str)[N]) {
617 			lua_pushlstring(L, str, std::char_traits<char>::length(str));
618 			return 1;
619 		}
620 
pushsol::stack::pusher621 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
622 			lua_pushlstring(L, str, sz);
623 			return 1;
624 		}
625 	};
626 
627 	template <>
628 	struct pusher<char> {
pushsol::stack::pusher629 		static int push(lua_State* L, char c) {
630 			const char str[2] = { c, '\0' };
631 			return stack::push(L, str, 1);
632 		}
633 	};
634 
635 	template <typename Traits, typename Al>
636 	struct pusher<std::basic_string<char, Traits, Al>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher637 		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::basic_string<char, Traits, Al>& str) {
638 			lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), str.size());
639 			return 1;
640 		}
641 
pushsol::stack::pusher642 		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::basic_string<char, Traits, Al>& str, std::size_t sz) {
643 			lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), sz);
644 			return 1;
645 		}
646 	};
647 
648 	template <typename Ch, typename Traits>
649 	struct pusher<basic_string_view<Ch, Traits>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher650 		static int push(lua_State* L, const basic_string_view<Ch, Traits>& sv) {
651 			return stack::push(L, sv.data(), sv.length());
652 		}
653 
pushsol::stack::pusher654 		static int push(lua_State* L, const basic_string_view<Ch, Traits>& sv, std::size_t n) {
655 			return stack::push(L, sv.data(), n);
656 		}
657 	};
658 
659 	template <>
660 	struct pusher<meta_function> {
pushsol::stack::pusher661 		static int push(lua_State* L, meta_function m) {
662 			const std::string& str = to_string(m);
663 			lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), str.size());
664 			return 1;
665 		}
666 	};
667 
668 	template <>
669 	struct pusher<absolute_index> {
pushsol::stack::pusher670 		static int push(lua_State* L, absolute_index ai) {
671 			lua_pushvalue(L, ai);
672 			return 1;
673 		}
674 	};
675 
676 	template <>
677 	struct pusher<raw_index> {
pushsol::stack::pusher678 		static int push(lua_State* L, raw_index ri) {
679 			lua_pushvalue(L, ri);
680 			return 1;
681 		}
682 	};
683 
684 	template <>
685 	struct pusher<ref_index> {
pushsol::stack::pusher686 		static int push(lua_State* L, ref_index ri) {
687 			lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ri);
688 			return 1;
689 		}
690 	};
691 
692 	template <>
693 	struct pusher<const wchar_t*> {
pushsol::stack::pusher694 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* wstr) {
695 			return push(L, wstr, std::char_traits<wchar_t>::length(wstr));
696 		}
697 
pushsol::stack::pusher698 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* wstr, std::size_t sz) {
699 			return push(L, wstr, wstr + sz);
700 		}
701 
pushsol::stack::pusher702 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* strb, const wchar_t* stre) {
703 			if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) {
704 				const char16_t* sb = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(strb);
705 				const char16_t* se = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(stre);
706 				return stack::push(L, sb, se);
707 			}
708 			const char32_t* sb = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(strb);
709 			const char32_t* se = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(stre);
710 			return stack::push(L, sb, se);
711 		}
712 	};
713 
714 	template <>
715 	struct pusher<wchar_t*> {
pushsol::stack::pusher716 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* str) {
717 			pusher<const wchar_t*> p{};
718 			(void)p;
719 			return p.push(L, str);
720 		}
721 
pushsol::stack::pusher722 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* strb, const wchar_t* stre) {
723 			pusher<const wchar_t*> p{};
724 			(void)p;
725 			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
726 		}
727 
pushsol::stack::pusher728 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* str, std::size_t len) {
729 			pusher<const wchar_t*> p{};
730 			(void)p;
731 			return p.push(L, str, len);
732 		}
733 	};
734 
735 	template <>
736 	struct pusher<const char16_t*> {
convert_intosol::stack::pusher737 		static int convert_into(lua_State* L, char* start, std::size_t, const char16_t* strb, const char16_t* stre) {
738 			char* target = start;
739 			char32_t cp = 0;
740 			for (const char16_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
741 				auto dr = unicode::utf16_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
742 				if (dr.error != unicode::error_code::ok) {
743 					cp = unicode::unicode_detail::replacement;
744 				}
745 				else {
746 					cp = dr.codepoint;
747 				}
748 				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(cp);
749 				const char* utf8data = er.code_units.data();
750 				std::memcpy(target, utf8data, er.code_units_size);
751 				target += er.code_units_size;
752 				strtarget = dr.next;
753 			}
754 
755 			return stack::push(L, start, target);
756 		}
757 
pushsol::stack::pusher758 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* u16str) {
759 			return push(L, u16str, std::char_traits<char16_t>::length(u16str));
760 		}
761 
pushsol::stack::pusher762 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* u16str, std::size_t sz) {
763 			return push(L, u16str, u16str + sz);
764 		}
765 
pushsol::stack::pusher766 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* strb, const char16_t* stre) {
767 			// TODO: use new unicode methods
768 			// TODO: use new unicode methods
769 			char sbo[SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE];
770 			// if our max string space is small enough, use SBO
771 			// right off the bat
772 			std::size_t max_possible_code_units = (stre - strb) * 4;
773 			if (max_possible_code_units <= SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE) {
774 				return convert_into(L, sbo, max_possible_code_units, strb, stre);
775 			}
776 			// otherwise, we must manually count/check size
777 			std::size_t needed_size = 0;
778 			for (const char16_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
779 				auto dr = unicode::utf16_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
780 				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(dr.codepoint);
781 				needed_size += er.code_units_size;
782 				strtarget = dr.next;
783 			}
784 			if (needed_size < SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE) {
785 				return convert_into(L, sbo, needed_size, strb, stre);
786 			}
787 			std::string u8str("", 0);
788 			u8str.resize(needed_size);
789 			char* target = &u8str[0];
790 			return convert_into(L, target, needed_size, strb, stre);
791 		}
792 	};
793 
794 	template <>
795 	struct pusher<char16_t*> {
pushsol::stack::pusher796 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* str) {
797 			pusher<const char16_t*> p{};
798 			(void)p;
799 			return p.push(L, str);
800 		}
801 
pushsol::stack::pusher802 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* strb, const char16_t* stre) {
803 			pusher<const char16_t*> p{};
804 			(void)p;
805 			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
806 		}
807 
pushsol::stack::pusher808 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* str, std::size_t len) {
809 			pusher<const char16_t*> p{};
810 			(void)p;
811 			return p.push(L, str, len);
812 		}
813 	};
814 
815 	template <>
816 	struct pusher<const char32_t*> {
convert_intosol::stack::pusher817 		static int convert_into(lua_State* L, char* start, std::size_t, const char32_t* strb, const char32_t* stre) {
818 			char* target = start;
819 			char32_t cp = 0;
820 			for (const char32_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
821 				auto dr = unicode::utf32_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
822 				if (dr.error != unicode::error_code::ok) {
823 					cp = unicode::unicode_detail::replacement;
824 				}
825 				else {
826 					cp = dr.codepoint;
827 				}
828 				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(cp);
829 				const char* data = er.code_units.data();
830 				std::memcpy(target, data, er.code_units_size);
831 				target += er.code_units_size;
832 				strtarget = dr.next;
833 			}
834 			return stack::push(L, start, target);
835 		}
836 
pushsol::stack::pusher837 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* u32str) {
838 			return push(L, u32str, u32str + std::char_traits<char32_t>::length(u32str));
839 		}
840 
pushsol::stack::pusher841 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* u32str, std::size_t sz) {
842 			return push(L, u32str, u32str + sz);
843 		}
844 
pushsol::stack::pusher845 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* strb, const char32_t* stre) {
846 			// TODO: use new unicode methods
847 			char sbo[SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE];
848 			// if our max string space is small enough, use SBO
849 			// right off the bat
850 			std::size_t max_possible_code_units = (stre - strb) * 4;
851 			if (max_possible_code_units <= SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE) {
852 				return convert_into(L, sbo, max_possible_code_units, strb, stre);
853 			}
854 			// otherwise, we must manually count/check size
855 			std::size_t needed_size = 0;
856 			for (const char32_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
857 				auto dr = unicode::utf32_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
858 				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(dr.codepoint);
859 				needed_size += er.code_units_size;
860 				strtarget = dr.next;
861 			}
862 			if (needed_size < SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE) {
863 				return convert_into(L, sbo, needed_size, strb, stre);
864 			}
865 			std::string u8str("", 0);
866 			u8str.resize(needed_size);
867 			char* target = &u8str[0];
868 			return convert_into(L, target, needed_size, strb, stre);
869 		}
870 	};
871 
872 	template <>
873 	struct pusher<char32_t*> {
pushsol::stack::pusher874 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* str) {
875 			pusher<const char32_t*> p{};
876 			(void)p;
877 			return p.push(L, str);
878 		}
879 
pushsol::stack::pusher880 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* strb, const char32_t* stre) {
881 			pusher<const char32_t*> p{};
882 			(void)p;
883 			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
884 		}
885 
pushsol::stack::pusher886 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* str, std::size_t len) {
887 			pusher<const char32_t*> p{};
888 			(void)p;
889 			return p.push(L, str, len);
890 		}
891 	};
892 
893 	template <size_t N>
894 	struct pusher<wchar_t[N]> {
pushsol::stack::pusher895 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t (&str)[N]) {
896 			return push(L, str, std::char_traits<wchar_t>::length(str));
897 		}
898 
pushsol::stack::pusher899 		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
900 			return stack::push<const wchar_t*>(L, str, str + sz);
901 		}
902 	};
903 
904 	template <size_t N>
905 	struct pusher<char16_t[N]> {
pushsol::stack::pusher906 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t (&str)[N]) {
907 			return push(L, str, std::char_traits<char16_t>::length(str));
908 		}
909 
pushsol::stack::pusher910 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
911 			return stack::push<const char16_t*>(L, str, str + sz);
912 		}
913 	};
914 
915 	template <size_t N>
916 	struct pusher<char32_t[N]> {
pushsol::stack::pusher917 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t (&str)[N]) {
918 			return push(L, str, std::char_traits<char32_t>::length(str));
919 		}
920 
pushsol::stack::pusher921 		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
922 			return stack::push<const char32_t*>(L, str, str + sz);
923 		}
924 	};
925 
926 	template <>
927 	struct pusher<wchar_t> {
pushsol::stack::pusher928 		static int push(lua_State* L, wchar_t c) {
929 			const wchar_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
930 			return stack::push(L, &str[0], 1);
931 		}
932 	};
933 
934 	template <>
935 	struct pusher<char16_t> {
pushsol::stack::pusher936 		static int push(lua_State* L, char16_t c) {
937 			const char16_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
938 			return stack::push(L, &str[0], 1);
939 		}
940 	};
941 
942 	template <>
943 	struct pusher<char32_t> {
pushsol::stack::pusher944 		static int push(lua_State* L, char32_t c) {
945 			const char32_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
946 			return stack::push(L, &str[0], 1);
947 		}
948 	};
949 
950 	template <typename Ch, typename Traits, typename Al>
951 	struct pusher<std::basic_string<Ch, Traits, Al>, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<Ch, char>::value>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher952 		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::basic_string<Ch, Traits, Al>& wstr) {
953 			return push(L, wstr, wstr.size());
954 		}
955 
pushsol::stack::pusher956 		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::basic_string<Ch, Traits, Al>& wstr, std::size_t sz) {
957 			return stack::push(L, wstr.data(), wstr.data() + sz);
958 		}
959 	};
960 
961 	template <typename... Args>
962 	struct pusher<std::tuple<Args...>> {
963 		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher964 		static int push(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, T&& t) {
965 			int pushcount = 0;
966 			(void)detail::swallow{ 0, (pushcount += stack::push(L, detail::forward_get<I>(t)), 0)... };
967 			return pushcount;
968 		}
969 
970 		template <typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher971 		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
972 			return push(std::index_sequence_for<Args...>(), L, std::forward<T>(t));
973 		}
974 	};
975 
976 	template <typename A, typename B>
977 	struct pusher<std::pair<A, B>> {
978 		template <typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher979 		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
980 			int pushcount = stack::push(L, detail::forward_get<0>(t));
981 			pushcount += stack::push(L, detail::forward_get<1>(t));
982 			return pushcount;
983 		}
984 	};
985 
986 	template <typename O>
987 	struct pusher<optional<O>> {
988 		template <typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher989 		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
990 			if (t == nullopt) {
991 				return stack::push(L, nullopt);
992 			}
993 			return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::conditional_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, O&, O&&>>(t.value()));
994 		}
995 	};
996 
997 	template <>
998 	struct pusher<nullopt_t> {
pushsol::stack::pusher999 		static int push(lua_State* L, nullopt_t) {
1000 			return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
1001 		}
1002 	};
1003 
1004 	template <>
1005 	struct pusher<std::nullptr_t> {
pushsol::stack::pusher1006 		static int push(lua_State* L, std::nullptr_t) {
1007 			return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
1008 		}
1009 	};
1010 
1011 	template <>
1012 	struct pusher<this_state> {
pushsol::stack::pusher1013 		static int push(lua_State*, const this_state&) {
1014 			return 0;
1015 		}
1016 	};
1017 
1018 	template <>
1019 	struct pusher<this_main_state> {
pushsol::stack::pusher1020 		static int push(lua_State*, const this_main_state&) {
1021 			return 0;
1022 		}
1023 	};
1024 
1025 	template <>
1026 	struct pusher<new_table> {
pushsol::stack::pusher1027 		static int push(lua_State* L, const new_table& nt) {
1028 			lua_createtable(L, nt.sequence_hint, nt.map_hint);
1029 			return 1;
1030 		}
1031 	};
1032 
1033 #if defined(SOL_CXX17_FEATURES) && SOL_CXX17_FEATURES
1034 	template <typename O>
1035 	struct pusher<std::optional<O>> {
1036 		template <typename T>
pushsol::stack::pusher1037 		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
1038 			if (t == std::nullopt) {
1039 				return stack::push(L, nullopt);
1040 			}
1041 			return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::conditional_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, O&, O&&>>(t.value()));
1042 		}
1043 	};
1044 
1045 #if defined(SOL_STD_VARIANT) && SOL_STD_VARIANT
1046 	namespace stack_detail {
1047 
1048 		struct push_function {
1049 			lua_State* L;
1050 
push_functionsol::stack::stack_detail::push_function1051 			push_function(lua_State* L)
1052 			: L(L) {
1053 			}
1054 
1055 			template <typename T>
operator ()sol::stack::stack_detail::push_function1056 			int operator()(T&& value) const {
1057 				return stack::push<T>(L, std::forward<T>(value));
1058 			}
1059 		};
1060 
1061 	} // namespace stack_detail
1062 
1063 	template <typename... Tn>
1064 	struct pusher<std::variant<Tn...>> {
pushsol::stack::pusher1065 		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::variant<Tn...>& v) {
1066 			return std::visit(stack_detail::push_function(L), v);
1067 		}
1068 
pushsol::stack::pusher1069 		static int push(lua_State* L, std::variant<Tn...>&& v) {
1070 			return std::visit(stack_detail::push_function(L), std::move(v));
1071 		}
1072 	};
1073 #endif // Variant because Clang is terrible
1074 #endif // C++17 Support
1075 }
1076 } // namespace sol::stack
1077 
1078 #endif // SOL_STACK_PUSH_HPP
1079