usr.bin/ftp/ftp.1

.\"	$OpenBSD: ftp.1,v 1.124 2022/09/15 12:47:10 millert Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: ftp.1,v 1.22 1997/08/18 10:20:22 lukem Exp $
.\"
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.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
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.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\"	@(#)ftp.1	8.3 (Berkeley) 10/9/94
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: September 15 2022 $
.Dt FTP 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ftp
.Nd Internet file transfer program
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm ftp
.Op Fl 46AadEegiMmnptVv
.Op Fl D Ar title
.Op Fl k Ar seconds
.Op Fl P Ar port
.Op Fl r Ar seconds
.Op Fl s Ar sourceaddr
.Op Ar host Op Ar port
.Nm ftp
.Op Fl C
.Op Fl N Ar name
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl s Ar sourceaddr
.Sm off
.Pf ftp:// Op Ar user : password No @
.Ar host Op : Ar port
.No / Ar file Op /
.Sm on
.Ar ...
.Nm ftp
.Op Fl CTu
.Op Fl c Ar cookie
.Op Fl N Ar name
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl S Ar ssl_options
.Op Fl s Ar sourceaddr
.Op Fl U Ar useragent
.Op Fl w Ar seconds
.Sm off
.Pf http Oo s Oc ://
.Op Ar user : password No @
.Ar host Op : Ar port
.No / Ar file
.Sm on
.Ar ...
.Nm ftp
.Op Fl C
.Op Fl N Ar name
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl s Ar sourceaddr
.Pf file: Ar
.Nm ftp
.Op Fl C
.Op Fl N Ar name
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl s Ar sourceaddr
.Ar host : Ns / Ns Ar file Ns Op /
.Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer
Protocol (FTP).
The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a
remote network site.
.Pp
The latter four usage formats will fetch a file using either the
FTP, HTTP, or HTTPS protocols into the current directory.
This is ideal for scripts.
Refer to
.Sx AUTO-FETCHING FILES
below for more information.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl 4
Forces
.Nm
to use IPv4 addresses only.
.It Fl 6
Forces
.Nm
to use IPv6 addresses only.
.It Fl A
Force active mode FTP.
By default,
.Nm
will try to use passive mode FTP and fall back to active mode
if passive is not supported by the server.
This option causes
.Nm
to always use an active connection.
It is only useful for connecting
to very old servers that do not implement passive mode properly.
.It Fl a
Causes
.Nm
to bypass the normal login procedure and use an anonymous login instead.
.It Fl C
Continue a previously interrupted file transfer.
.Nm
will continue transferring from an offset equal to the length of
.Ar file .
.Pp
Resuming HTTP(S) transfers are only supported
if the remote server supports the
.Dq Range
header.
.It Fl c Ar cookie
Load a Netscape-like cookiejar file
for HTTP and HTTPS transfers.
With this option relevant cookies from the jar are sent with each HTTP(S)
request.
Setting the
.Ev http_cookies
environment variable has the same effect.
If both the
.Ev http_cookies
environment variable is set and the
.Fl c
argument is given, the latter takes precedence.
.It Fl D Ar title
Specify a short
.Ar title
for the start of the progress bar.
.It Fl d
Enables debugging.
.It Fl E
Disables EPSV/EPRT command on IPv4 connections.
.It Fl e
Disables command line editing.
Useful for Emacs ange-ftp.
.It Fl g
Disables file name globbing.
.It Fl i
Turns off interactive prompting during
multiple file transfers.
.It Fl k Ar seconds
When greater than zero,
sends a byte after each
.Ar seconds
period over the control connection during long transfers,
so that incorrectly configured network equipment won't
aggressively drop it.
The FTP protocol supports a
.Dv NOOP
command that can be used for that purpose.
This assumes the FTP server can deal with extra commands coming over
the control connection during a transfer.
Well-behaved servers queue those commands, and process them after the
transfer.
By default,
.Nm
will send a byte every 60 seconds.
.It Fl M
Causes
.Nm
to never display the progress meter in cases where it would do
so by default.
.It Fl m
Causes
.Nm
to always display the progress meter in cases where it would not do
so by default.
.It Fl N Ar name
Use this alternative name instead of
.Nm
in some error reports.
.It Fl n
Restrains
.Nm
from attempting
.Dq auto-login
upon initial connection.
If auto-login is enabled,
.Nm
will check the
.Pa .netrc
file (see below) in the user's home directory for an entry describing
an account on the remote machine.
If no entry exists,
.Nm
will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user
identity on the local machine) and, if necessary, prompt for a password
and an account with which to log in.
.It Fl o Ar output
When fetching a single file or URL, save the contents in
.Ar output .
To make the contents go to stdout,
use
.Sq -
for
.Ar output .
.It Fl P Ar port
Sets the port number to
.Ar port .
.It Fl p
Enable passive mode operation for use behind connection filtering firewalls.
This option has been deprecated as
.Nm
now tries to use passive mode by default, falling back to active mode
if the server does not support passive connections.
.It Fl r Ar seconds
Retry to connect if failed, pausing for number of
.Ar seconds .
.It Fl S Ar ssl_options
SSL/TLS options to use with HTTPS transfers.
The following settings are available:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm cafile Ns = Ns Ar /path/to/cert.pem
PEM encoded file containing CA certificates used for certificate
validation.
.It Cm capath Ns = Ns Ar /path/to/certs/
Directory containing PEM encoded CA certificates used for certificate
validation.
Such a directory can be prepared using the c_rehash script distributed with
OpenSSL.
.It Cm ciphers Ns = Ns Ar cipher_list
Specify the list of ciphers that will be used by
.Nm .
See the
.Xr openssl 1
.Cm ciphers
subcommand.
.It Cm depth Ns = Ns Ar max_depth
Maximum depth of the certificate chain allowed when performing
validation.
.It Cm do
Perform server certificate validation.
.It Cm dont
Don't perform server certificate validation.
.It Cm muststaple
Require the server to present a valid OCSP stapling in the TLS handshake.
.It Cm noverifytime
Disable validation of certificate times and OCSP validation.
.It Cm protocols Ns = Ns Ar protocol_list
Specify the TLS protocols that will be supported by
.Nm
(see
.Xr tls_config_parse_protocols 3
for details).
.It Cm session Ns = Ns Ar /path/to/session
Specify a file to use for TLS session data.
If this file has a non-zero length, the session data will be read from this file
and the client will attempt to resume the TLS session with the server.
Upon completion of a successful TLS handshake this file will be updated
with new session data, if available.
This file will be created if it does not already exist.
.El
.Pp
By default, server certificate validation is performed, and if it fails
.Nm
will abort.
If no
.Cm cafile
or
.Cm capath
setting is provided,
.Pa /etc/ssl/cert.pem
will be used.
.It Fl s Ar sourceaddr
Set the source address for connections, which is useful on machines
with multiple interfaces.
.It Fl T
Send an
.Dq If-Modified-Since
header to the remote to determine if the remote file's timestamp
has changed.
.It Fl t
Enables packet tracing.
.It Fl U Ar useragent
Set
.Ar useragent
as the User-Agent for HTTP(S) URL requests.
If not specified, the default User-Agent is
.Dq OpenBSD ftp .
.It Fl u
Disable setting the local file's timestamps based
on the
.Dq Last-Modified
header.
By default the local file's timestamps are set to match those
from the remote.
.It Fl V
Disable verbose mode, overriding the default of enabled when input
is from a terminal.
.It Fl v
Enable verbose mode.
This is the default if input is from a terminal.
Forces
.Nm
to show all responses from the remote server, as well
as report on data transfer statistics.
.It Fl w Ar seconds
Wait for
.Ar seconds
for the remote server to connect before giving up.
.El
.Pp
The host with which
.Nm
is to communicate may be specified on the command line.
If this is done,
.Nm
will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an
FTP server on that host; otherwise,
.Nm
will enter its command interpreter and await instructions
from the user.
When
.Nm
is awaiting commands, the prompt
.Dq ftp\*(Gt
is provided to the user.
The following commands are recognized
by
.Nm :
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Ic \&! Oo Ar command
.Op Ar arg ...
.Oc
Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine.
If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute
directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.
.It Ic \&$ Ar macro-name Op Ar arg ...
Execute the macro
.Ar macro-name
that was defined with the
.Ic macdef
command.
Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.
.It Ic \&? Op Ar command
A synonym for
.Ic help .
.It Ic account Op Ar password
Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access
to resources once a login has been successfully completed.
If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account
password in a non-echoing input mode.
.It Ic append Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file
Append a local file to a file on the remote machine.
If
.Ar remote-file
is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the
remote file after being altered by any
.Ic ntrans
or
.Ic nmap
setting.
File transfer uses the current settings for
.Ic type ,
.Ic format ,
.Ic mode ,
and
.Ic structure .
.It Ic ascii
Set the file transfer
.Ic type
to network ASCII.
.It Ic bell Op Ic on | off
Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer
command is completed.
.It Ic binary
Set the file transfer
.Ic type
to support binary image transfer.
This is the default type.
.It Ic bye
Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit
.Nm .
An end-of-file will also terminate the session and exit.
.It Ic case Op Ic on | off
Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during
.Ic mget
commands.
When
.Ic case
is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in
upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped
to lower case.
.It Ic cd Ar remote-directory
Change the working directory on the remote machine
to
.Ar remote-directory .
.It Ic cdup
Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the
current remote machine working directory.
.It Ic chmod Ar mode file
Change the permission modes of
.Ar file
on the remote
system to
.Ar mode .
.It Ic close
Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and
return to the command interpreter.
Any defined macros are erased.
.It Ic cr Op Ic on | off
Toggle carriage return stripping during
ASCII type file retrieval.
Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence
during ASCII type file transfer.
When
.Ic cr
is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this
sequence to conform with the
.Ux
single linefeed record delimiter.
Records on non-UNIX
remote systems may contain single linefeeds;
when an ASCII type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be
distinguished from a record delimiter only when
.Ic cr
is off.
.It Ic debug Oo Ic on | off |
.Ar debuglevel
.Oc
Toggle debugging mode.
If an optional
.Ar debuglevel
is specified, it is used to set the debugging level.
When debugging is on,
.Nm
prints each command sent to the remote machine,
preceded by the string
.Ql --\*(Gt .
.It Ic delete Ar remote-file
Delete the file
.Ar remote-file
on the remote machine.
.It Ic dir Op Ar remote-directory Op Ar local-file
A synonym for
.Ic ls .
.It Ic disconnect
A synonym for
.Ic close .
.It Ic edit Op Ic on | off
Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command and file
completion.
This is automatically enabled if input is from a terminal, and
disabled otherwise.
.It Ic epsv4 Op Ic on | off
Toggle use of EPSV/EPRT command on IPv4 connection.
.It Ic exit
A synonym for
.Ic bye .
.It Ic form Ar format
Set the file transfer
.Ic form
to
.Ar format .
The default format is
.Dq file .
.It Ic ftp Ar host Op Ar port
A synonym for
.Ic open .
.It Ic gate Oo Ic on | off |
.Ar host Op Ar port
.Oc
Toggle gate-ftp mode.
This will not be permitted if the gate-ftp server hasn't been set
(either explicitly by the user, or from the
.Ev FTPSERVER
environment variable).
If
.Ar host
is given,
then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate-ftp server will be set to
.Ar host .
If
.Ar port
is also given, that will be used as the port to connect to on the
gate-ftp server.
.It Ic get Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file
Retrieve the
.Ar remote-file
and store it on the local machine.
If the local
file name is not specified, it is given the same
name it has on the remote machine, subject to
alteration by the current
.Ic case ,
.Ic ntrans ,
and
.Ic nmap
settings.
The current settings for
.Ic type ,
.Ic form ,
.Ic mode ,
and
.Ic structure
are used while transferring the file.
.It Ic glob Op Ic on | off
Toggle filename expansion for
.Ic mdelete ,
.Ic mget
and
.Ic mput .
If globbing is turned off with
.Ic glob ,
the file name arguments
are taken literally and not expanded.
Globbing for
.Ic mput
is done as in
.Xr csh 1 .
For
.Ic mdelete
and
.Ic mget ,
each remote file name is expanded
separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged.
Expansion of a directory name is likely to be
different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file:
the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and FTP server,
and can be previewed by doing
.Dq mls remote-files - .
Note:
.Ic mget
and
.Ic mput
are not meant to transfer
entire directory subtrees of files.
That can be done by
transferring a
.Xr tar 1
archive of the subtree (in binary mode).
.It Ic hash Oo Ic on | off |
.Ar size
.Oc
Toggle hash mark
.Pq Ql #
printing for each data block transferred.
The size of a data block defaults to 1024 bytes.
This can be changed by specifying
.Ar size
in bytes.
.It Ic help Op Ar command
Print an informative message about the meaning of
.Ar command .
If no argument is given,
.Nm
prints a list of the known commands.
.It Ic idle Op Ar seconds
Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to
.Ar seconds
seconds.
If
.Ar seconds
is omitted, the current inactivity timer is printed.
.It Ic lcd Op Ar local-directory
Change the working directory on the local machine.
If
no
.Ar local-directory
is specified, the user's home directory is used.
.It Ic less Ar file
A synonym for
.Ic page .
.It Ic lpwd
Print the working directory on the local machine.
.It Ic ls Op Ar remote-directory Op Ar local-file
Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine.
The listing includes any system-dependent information that the server
chooses to include; for example, most
.Ux
systems will produce output from the command
.Ql ls -l .
If
.Ar remote-directory
is left unspecified, the current working directory is used.
If interactive prompting is on,
.Nm
will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the
target local file for receiving
.Ic ls
output.
If no local file is specified, or if
.Ar local-file
is
.Sq - ,
the output is sent to the terminal.
.It Ic macdef Ar macro-name
Define a macro.
Subsequent lines are stored as the macro
.Ar macro-name ;
a null line (consecutive newline characters
in a file or
carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode.
There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all
defined macros.
Macro names can be a maximum of 8 characters.
Macros are only applicable to the current session they are
defined in (or if defined outside a session, to the session
invoked with the next
.Ic open
command), and remain defined until a
.Ic close
command is executed.
To invoke a macro,
use the
.Ic $
command (see above).
.Pp
The macro processor interprets
.Ql $
and
.Ql \e
as special characters.
A
.Ql $
followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the
corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line.
A
.Ql $
followed by an
.Sq i
tells the macro processor that the
executing macro is to be looped.
On the first pass
.Ql $i
is
replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line,
on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on.
A
.Ql \e
followed by any character is replaced by that character.
Use the
.Ql \e
to prevent special treatment of the
.Ql $ .
.It Ic mdelete Op Ar remote-files
Delete the
.Ar remote-files
on the remote machine.
.It Ic mdir Ar remote-files local-file
A synonym for
.Ic mls .
.It Xo Ic mget
.Op Fl cnr
.Op Fl d Ar depth
.Ar remote-files
.Xc
Expand the
.Ar remote-files
on the remote machine
and do a
.Ic get
for each file name thus produced.
See
.Ic glob
for details on the filename expansion.
Resulting file names will then be processed according to
.Ic case ,
.Ic ntrans ,
and
.Ic nmap
settings.
Files are transferred into the local working directory,
which can be changed with
.Ql lcd directory ;
new local directories can be created with
.Ql "\&! mkdir directory" .
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c
Use
.Ic reget
instead of
.Ic get .
.It Fl d Ar depth
Specify the maximum recursion level
.Ar depth .
The default is 0, which means unlimited.
.It Fl n
Use
.Ic newer
instead of
.Ic get .
.It Fl r
Recursively descend the directory tree, transferring all files and
directories.
.El
.It Ic mkdir Ar directory-name
Make a directory on the remote machine.
.It Ic mls Ar remote-files local-file
Like
.Ic ls ,
except multiple remote files may be specified,
and the
.Ar local-file
must be specified.
If interactive prompting is on,
.Nm
will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the
target local file for receiving
.Ic mls
output.
.It Ic mode Op Ar mode-name
Set the file transfer
.Ic mode
to
.Ar mode-name .
The default mode is
.Dq stream
mode.
.It Ic modtime Ar file
Show the last modification time of
.Ar file
on the remote machine.
.It Ic more Ar file
A synonym for
.Ic page .
.It Xo Ic mput
.Op Fl cr
.Op Fl d Ar depth
.Ar local-files
.Xc
Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments
and do a
.Ic put
for each file in the resulting list.
See
.Ic glob
for details of filename expansion.
Resulting file names will then be processed according to
.Ic ntrans
and
.Ic nmap
settings.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c
Use
.Ic reput
instead of
.Ic put .
.It Fl d Ar depth
Specify the maximum recursion level
.Ar depth .
The default is 0, which means unlimited.
.It Fl r
Recursively descend the directory tree, transferring all files and
directories.
.El
.It Xo Ic msend
.Op Fl c
.Ar local-files
.Xc
A synonym for
.Ic mput .
.It Ic newer Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file
Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more
recent than the file on the current system.
If the file does not
exist on the current system, the remote file is considered
.Ic newer .
Otherwise, this command is identical to
.Ar get .
.It Ic nlist Op Ar remote-directory Op Ar local-file
Print a list of the files in a
directory on the remote machine.
If
.Ar remote-directory
is left unspecified, the current working directory is used.
If interactive prompting is on,
.Nm
will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the
target local file for receiving
.Ic nlist
output.
If no local file is specified, or if
.Ar local-file
is
.Sq - ,
the output is sent to the terminal.
Note that on some servers, the
.Ic nlist
command will only return information on normal files (not directories
or special files).
.It Ic nmap Op Ar inpattern outpattern
Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism.
If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset.
If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during
.Ic mput
commands and
.Ic put
commands issued without a specified remote target filename.
If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during
.Ic mget
commands and
.Ic get
commands issued without a specified local target filename.
This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
with different file naming conventions or practices.
.Pp
The mapping follows the pattern set by
.Ar inpattern
and
.Ar outpattern .
.Ar inpattern
is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been
processed according to the
.Ic ntrans
and
.Ic case
settings).
Variable templating is accomplished by including the
sequences
.Ql $1 ,
.Ql $2 ,
\&...,
.Ql $9
in
.Ar inpattern .
Use
.Ql \e
to prevent this special treatment of the
.Ql $
character.
All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the
.Ic nmap
.Ar inpattern
variable values.
.Pp
For example, given
.Ar inpattern
$1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the value
"mydata", and $2 would have the value "data".
The
.Ar outpattern
determines the resulting mapped filename.
The sequences
.Ql $1 ,
.Ql $2 ,
\&...,
.Ql $9
are replaced by any value resulting from the
.Ar inpattern
template.
The sequence
.Ql $0
is replaced by the original filename.
Additionally, the sequence
.Sq Op Ar seq1 , Ar seq2
is replaced by
.Ar seq1
if
.Ar seq1
is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by
.Ar seq2 .
For example:
.Pp
.Dl nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]
.Pp
This command would yield the output filename
.Pa myfile.data
for input filenames
.Pa myfile.data
and
.Pa myfile.data.old ;
.Pa myfile.file
for the input filename
.Pa myfile ;
and
.Pa myfile.myfile
for the input filename
.Pa .myfile .
Spaces may be included in
.Ar outpattern
by quoting them,
as in the following example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
nmap $1.$2 "$1 $2"
.Ed
.Pp
Use the
.Ql \e
character to prevent special treatment
of the
.Ql $ ,
.Ql \&[ ,
.Ql \&] ,
and
.Ql \&,
characters.
.It Ic ntrans Op Ar inchars Op Ar outchars
Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism.
If no arguments are specified, the filename character
translation mechanism is unset.
If arguments are specified, characters in
remote filenames are translated during
.Ic mput
commands and
.Ic put
commands issued without a specified remote target filename.
If arguments are specified, characters in
local filenames are translated during
.Ic mget
commands and
.Ic get
commands issued without a specified local target filename.
This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
with different file naming conventions or practices.
Characters in a filename matching a character in
.Ar inchars
are replaced with the corresponding character in
.Ar outchars .
If the character's position in
.Ar inchars
is longer than the length of
.Ar outchars ,
the character is deleted from the file name.
.It Ic open Ar host Op Ar port
Establish a connection to the specified
.Ar host
FTP server.
An optional port number may be supplied,
in which case
.Nm
will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port.
If the
.Ic auto-login
option is on (default),
.Nm
will also attempt to automatically log the user in to
the FTP server (see below).
.It Ic page Ar file
Retrieve
.Ic file
and display with the program defined in
.Ev PAGER
(defaulting to
.Xr more 1
if
.Ev PAGER
is null or not defined).
.It Ic passive Op Ic on | off
Toggle passive mode.
If passive mode is turned on (default is on),
.Nm
will send a
.Dv EPSV
command for all data connections instead of the usual
.Dv PORT
command.
The
.Dv PASV
command requests that the remote server open a port for the data connection
and return the address of that port.
The remote server listens on that port and the client connects to it.
When using the more traditional
.Dv PORT
command, the client listens on a port and sends that address to the remote
server, who connects back to it.
Passive mode is useful when using
.Nm
through a gateway router or host that controls the directionality of
traffic.
(Note that though FTP servers are required to support the
.Dv PASV
command by RFC 1123, some do not.)
.It Ic preserve Op Ic on | off
Toggle preservation of modification times on retrieved files.
.It Ic progress Op Ic on | off
Toggle display of transfer progress bar.
The progress bar will be disabled for a transfer that has
.Ar local-file
as
.Sq -
or a command that starts with
.Sq \&| .
Refer to
.Sx FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS
for more information.
.It Ic prompt Op Ic on | off
Toggle interactive prompting.
Interactive prompting
occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the
user to selectively retrieve or store files.
If prompting is turned off (default is on), any
.Ic mget
or
.Ic mput
will transfer all files, and any
.Ic mdelete
will delete all files.
.Pp
When prompting is on, the following commands are available at a prompt:
.Bl -tag -width 2n -offset indent
.It Ic ?\&
Print help message.
.It Ic a
Answer
.Dq yes
to the current file and automatically answer
.Dq yes
to any remaining files for the current command.
.It Ic n
Do not transfer the file.
.It Ic p
Answer
.Dq yes
to the current file and turn off prompt mode
(as if
.Dq prompt off
had been given).
.It Ic q
Answer
.Dq no
to the current file and automatically answer
.Dq no
to any remaining files for the current command.
.It Ic y
Transfer the file.
.El
.It Ic proxy Ar command
Execute an FTP command on a secondary control connection.
This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote FTP
servers for transferring files between the two servers.
The first
.Ic proxy
command should be an
.Ic open ,
to establish the secondary control connection.
Enter the command
.Ic proxy ?\&
to see other FTP commands executable on the
secondary connection.
The following commands behave differently when prefaced by
.Ic proxy :
.Ic open
will not define new macros during the auto-login process;
.Ic close
will not erase existing macro definitions;
.Ic get
and
.Ic mget
transfer files from the host on the primary control connection
to the host on the secondary control connection; and
.Ic put ,
.Ic mput ,
and
.Ic append
transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection
to the host on the primary control connection.
Third party file transfers depend upon support of the FTP protocol
.Dv PASV
command by the server on the secondary control connection.
.It Ic put Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file
Store a local file on the remote machine.
If
.Ar remote-file
is left unspecified, the local file name is used
after processing according to any
.Ic ntrans
or
.Ic nmap
settings
in naming the remote file.
File transfer uses the
current settings for
.Ic type ,
.Ic format ,
.Ic mode ,
and
.Ic structure .
.It Ic pwd
Print the name of the current working directory on the remote
machine.
.It Ic quit
A synonym for
.Ic bye .
.It Ic quote Ar arg ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server.
.It Ic recv Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file
A synonym for
.Ic get .
.It Ic reget Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file
Reget acts like get, except that if
.Ar local-file
exists and is
smaller than
.Ar remote-file ,
.Ar local-file
is presumed to be
a partially transferred copy of
.Ar remote-file
and the transfer
is continued from the apparent point of failure.
This command
is useful when transferring very large files over networks that
are prone to dropping connections.
.It Ic rename Ar from-name to-name
Rename the file
.Ar from-name
on the remote machine to the file
.Ar to-name .
.It Ic reput Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file
Reput acts like put, except that if
.Ar remote-file
exists and is
smaller than
.Ar local-file ,
.Ar remote-file
is presumed to be
a partially transferred copy of
.Ar local-file
and the transfer
is continued from the apparent point of failure.
This command
is useful when transferring very large files over networks that
are prone to dropping connections.
.It Ic reset
Clear reply queue.
This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote
FTP server.
Resynchronization may be necessary following a violation of the FTP protocol
by the remote server.
.It Ic restart Ar marker
Restart the immediately following
.Ic get
or
.Ic put
at the
indicated
.Ar marker .
On
.Ux
systems,
.Ar marker
is usually a byte
offset into the file.
.It Ic rhelp Op Ar command-name
Request help from the remote FTP server.
If a
.Ar command-name
is specified, it is supplied to the server as well.
.It Ic rmdir Ar directory-name
Delete a directory on the remote machine.
.It Ic rstatus Op Ar file
With no arguments, show status of remote machine.
If
.Ar file
is specified, show status of
.Ar file
on remote machine.
.It Ic runique Op Ic on | off
Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames.
If a file already exists with a name equal to the target
local filename for a
.Ic get
or
.Ic mget
command, a
.Dq .1
is appended to the name.
If the resulting name matches another existing file,
a
.Dq .2
is appended to the original name.
If this process continues up to
.Dq .99 ,
an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place.
The generated unique filename will be reported.
Note that
.Ic runique
will not affect local files generated from a shell command
(see below).
The default value is off.
.It Ic send Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file
A synonym for
.Ic put .
.It Ic sendport Op Ic on | off
Toggle the use of
.Dv PORT
commands.
By default,
.Nm
will attempt to use a
.Dv PORT
command when establishing
a connection for each data transfer.
The use of
.Dv PORT
commands can prevent delays
when performing multiple file transfers.
If the
.Dv PORT
command fails,
.Nm
will use the default data port.
When the use of
.Dv PORT
commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use
.Dv PORT
commands for each data transfer.
This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore
.Dv PORT
commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.
.It Ic site Ar arg ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a
.Dv SITE
command.
.It Ic size Ar file
Return size of
.Ar file
on remote machine.
.It Ic status
Show the current status of
.Nm .
.\" .It Ic struct Op Ar struct-name
.\" Set the file transfer
.\" .Ar structure
.\" to
.\" .Ar struct-name .
.\" By default,
.\" .Dq file
.\" structure is used.
.It Ic sunique Op Ic on | off
Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names.
The remote FTP server must support the FTP protocol
.Dv STOU
command for
successful completion.
The remote server will report the unique name.
Default value is off.
.It Ic system
Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine.
.It Ic trace Op Ic on | off
Toggle packet tracing.
.It Ic type Op Ar type-name
Set the file transfer
.Ic type
to
.Ar type-name .
If no type is specified, the current type
is printed.
The default type is
.Dq binary .
.It Ic umask Op Ar newmask
Set the default umask on the remote server to
.Ar newmask .
If
.Ar newmask
is omitted, the current umask is printed.
.It Xo
.Ic user Ar username
.Op Ar password Op Ar account
.Xc
Identify yourself to the remote FTP server.
If the
.Ar password
is not specified and the server requires it,
.Nm
will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo).
If an
.Ar account
field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it,
the user will be prompted for it.
If an
.Ar account
field is specified, an account command will
be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence
is completed if the remote server did not require it
for logging in.
Unless
.Nm
is invoked with
.Dq auto-login
disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the
FTP server.
.It Ic verbose Op Ic on | off
Toggle verbose mode.
In verbose mode, all responses from
the FTP server are displayed to the user.
In addition,
if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics
regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported.
By default,
verbose is on.
.El
.Pp
Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with
quote
.Pq Ql \&"
marks.
.Pp
Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit
.Ic on
or
.Ic off
argument to force the setting appropriately.
.Pp
If
.Nm
receives a
.Dv SIGINFO
(see the
.Dq status
argument of
.Xr stty 1 )
signal whilst a transfer is in progress, the current transfer rate
statistics will be written to the standard error output, in the
same format as the standard completion message.
.Sh AUTO-FETCHING FILES
In addition to standard commands, this version of
.Nm
supports an auto-fetch feature.
To enable auto-fetch, simply pass the list of hostnames/files
on the command line.
.Pp
The following formats are valid syntax for an auto-fetch element:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Ar host : Ns / Ns Ar file Ns Op /
.Dq Classic
.Nm
format.
.Sm off
.It Xo
.Pf ftp:// Op Ar user : password No @
.Ar host Op : Ar port
.No / Ar file Op /
.Xc
.Sm on
An FTP URL, retrieved using the FTP protocol if
.Ev ftp_proxy
isn't defined.
Otherwise, transfer using HTTP via the proxy defined in
.Ev ftp_proxy .
If a
.Ar user
and
.Ar password
are given and
.Ev ftp_proxy
isn't defined,
log in as
.Ar user
with a password of
.Ar password .
.Sm off
.It Xo
.Pf http:// Op Ar user : password No @
.Ar host Op : Ar port
.No / Ar file
.Xc
.Sm on
An HTTP URL, retrieved using the HTTP protocol.
If
.Ev http_proxy
is defined, it is used as a URL to an HTTP proxy server.
If a
.Ar user
and
.Ar password
are given and
.Ev http_proxy
isn't defined,
log in as
.Ar user
with a password of
.Ar password
using Basic authentication.
.Sm off
.It Xo
.Pf https:// Op Ar user : password No @
.Ar host Op : Ar port
.No / Ar file
.Xc
.Sm on
An HTTPS URL, retrieved using the HTTPS protocol.
If
.Ev http_proxy
is defined, this HTTPS proxy server will be used to fetch the
file using the CONNECT method.
If a
.Ar user
and
.Ar password
are given and
.Ev http_proxy
isn't defined,
log in as
.Ar user
with a password of
.Ar password
using Basic authentication.
.It Pf file: Ar file
.Ar file
is retrieved from a mounted file system.
.El
.Pp
If a classic format or an FTP URL format has a trailing
.Sq / ,
then
.Nm
will connect to the site and
.Ic cd
to the directory given as the path, and leave the user in interactive
mode ready for further input.
.Pp
If
.Ar file
contains a glob character and globbing is enabled
(see
.Ic glob ) ,
then the equivalent of
.Ic mget Ar file
is performed.
.Pp
If no
.Fl o
option is specified, and
the directory component of
.Ar file
contains no globbing characters,
then
it is stored in the current directory as the
.Xr basename 1
of
.Ar file .
If
.Fl o Ar output
is specified, then
.Ar file
is stored as
.Ar output .
Otherwise, the remote name is used as the local name.
.Sh ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER
To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key
(usually Ctrl-C).
Sending transfers will be immediately halted.
Receiving transfers will be halted by sending an FTP protocol
.Dv ABOR
command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received.
The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote
server's support for
.Dv ABOR
processing.
If the remote server does not support the
.Dv ABOR
command, an
.Ql ftp\*(Gt
prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed
sending the requested file.
.Pp
The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when
.Nm
has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply
from the remote server.
A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing described
above, or from unexpected behavior by the remote server, including
violations of the FTP protocol.
If the delay results from unexpected remote server behavior, the local
.Nm
program must be killed by hand.
.Sh FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS
Files specified as arguments to
.Nm
commands are processed according to the following rules.
.Bl -enum
.It
If
.Sq -
is specified as a local file name, the standard input (for reading)
or standard output (for writing)
is used.
.It
If the first character of a local file name is
.Sq \&| ,
the
remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command.
.Nm
then forks a shell, using
.Xr popen 3
with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the standard output
(standard input).
If the shell command includes spaces, the argument
must be quoted; e.g.,
.Qq ls -lt .
A particularly
useful example of this mechanism is:
.Qq ls \&. |more .
.It
Failing the above checks, if
.Dq globbing
is enabled,
local file names are expanded
according to the rules used in the
.Xr csh 1
.Ic glob
command.
If the
.Nm
command expects a single local file (e.g.,
.Ic put ) ,
only the first filename generated by the
.Dq globbing
operation is used.
.It
For
.Ic mget
commands and
.Ic get
commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is
the remote filename, which may be altered by a
.Ic case ,
.Ic ntrans ,
or
.Ic nmap
setting.
The resulting filename may then be altered if
.Ic runique
is on.
.It
For
.Ic mput
commands and
.Ic put
commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is
the local filename, which may be altered by a
.Ic ntrans
or
.Ic nmap
setting.
The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if
.Ic sunique
is on.
.El
.Sh FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS
The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may
affect a file transfer.
The
.Ic type
may be one of
.Dq ascii ,
.Dq binary ,
or
.Dq image .
.Nm
supports the ASCII and image types of file transfer.
.Pp
.Nm
supports only the default values for the remaining
file transfer parameters:
.Ic mode ,
.Ic form ,
and
.Ic struct .
.Sh THE .netrc FILE
The
.Pa .netrc
file contains login and initialization information
used by the auto-login process.
It resides in the user's home directory.
The following tokens are recognized; they may be separated by spaces,
tabs, or new-lines:
.Bl -tag -width password
.It Ic machine Ar name
Identify a remote machine
.Ar name .
The auto-login process searches the
.Pa .netrc
file for a
.Ic machine
token that matches the remote machine specified on the
.Nm
command line or as an
.Ic open
command argument.
Once a match is made, the subsequent
.Pa .netrc
tokens are processed,
stopping when the end of file is reached or another
.Ic machine
or a
.Ic default
token is encountered.
.It Ic default
This is the same as
.Ic machine
.Ar name
except that
.Ic default
matches any name.
There can be only one
.Ic default
token, and it must be after all
.Ic machine
tokens.
This is normally used as:
.Pp
.Dl default login anonymous password user@site
.Pp
thereby giving the user
.Ar automatic
anonymous FTP login to
machines not specified in
.Pa .netrc .
This can be overridden
by using the
.Fl n
flag to disable auto-login.
.It Ic login Ar name
Identify a user on the remote machine.
If this token is present, the auto-login process will initiate
a login using the specified
.Ar name .
.It Ic password Ar string
Supply a password.
If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the
specified string if the remote server requires a password as part
of the login process.
Note that if this token is present in the
.Pa .netrc
file for any user other
than
.Ar anonymous ,
.Nm
will abort the auto-login process if the
.Pa .netrc
is readable by
anyone besides the user.
.It Ic account Ar string
Supply an additional account password.
If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the
specified string if the remote server requires an additional
account password, or the auto-login process will initiate an
.Dv ACCT
command if it does not.
.It Ic macdef Ar name
Define a macro.
This token functions like the
.Nm
.Ic macdef
command functions.
A macro is defined with the specified name; its contents begin with the
next
.Pa .netrc
line and continue until a null line (consecutive new-line
characters) is encountered.
Like the other tokens in the
.Pa .netrc
file, a
.Ic macdef
is applicable only to the
.Ic machine
definition preceding it.
A
.Ic macdef
entry cannot be utilized by multiple
.Ic machine
definitions; rather, it must be defined following each
.Ic machine
it is intended to be used with.
If a macro named
.Ic init
is defined, it is automatically executed as the last step in the
auto-login process.
.El
.Sh COMMAND LINE EDITING
.Nm
supports interactive command line editing, via the
.Xr editline 3
library.
It is enabled with the
.Ic edit
command, and is enabled by default if input is from a tty.
Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys,
and other GNU Emacs-style editing keys may be used as well.
.Pp
The
.Xr editline 3
library is configured with a
.Pa .editrc
file \- refer to
.Xr editrc 5
for more information.
.Pp
An extra key binding is available to
.Nm
to provide context sensitive command and filename completion
(including remote file completion).
To use this, bind a key to the
.Xr editline 3
command
.Ic ftp-complete .
By default, this is bound to the TAB key.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Nm
utilizes the following environment variables:
.Bl -tag -width "FTPSERVERPORT"
.It Ev FTPMODE
Overrides the default operation mode.
Recognized values are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "passive  " -offset indent -compact
.It passive
passive mode FTP only
.It active
active mode FTP only
.It auto
automatic determination of passive or active (this is the default)
.It gate
gate-ftp mode
.El
.It Ev FTPSERVER
Host to use as gate-ftp server when
.Ic gate
is enabled.
.It Ev FTPSERVERPORT
Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when
.Ic gate
is enabled.
Default is port returned by a
.Fn getservbyname
lookup of
.Dq ftpgate/tcp .
.It Ev HOME
For default location of a
.Pa .netrc
file, if one exists.
.It Ev PAGER
Used by
.Ic page
to display files.
.It Ev SHELL
For default shell.
.It Ev ftp_proxy
URL of FTP proxy to use when making FTP URL requests
(if not defined, use the standard FTP protocol).
.It Ev http_proxy
URL of HTTP proxy to use when making HTTP or HTTPS URL requests.
.It Ev http_cookies
Path of a Netscape-like cookiejar file to use when making
HTTP or HTTPS URL requests.
.El
.Sh PORT ALLOCATION
For active mode data connections,
.Nm
will listen to a random high TCP port.
The interval of ports used are configurable using
.Xr sysctl 8
variables
.Va net.inet.ip.porthifirst
and
.Va net.inet.ip.porthilast .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr basename 1 ,
.Xr csh 1 ,
.Xr more 1 ,
.Xr stty 1 ,
.Xr tar 1 ,
.Xr tftp 1 ,
.Xr editline 3 ,
.Xr getservbyname 3 ,
.Xr popen 3 ,
.Xr editrc 5 ,
.Xr services 5 ,
.Xr ftp-proxy 8 ,
.Xr ftpd 8
.Sh STANDARDS
.Rs
.%A J. Postel
.%A J. Reynolds
.%D October 1985
.%R RFC 959
.%T FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
.Re
.Pp
.Rs
.%A P. Hethmon
.%D March 2007
.%R RFC 3659
.%T Extensions to FTP
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
.Sh BUGS
Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior
by the remote server.
.Pp
In the recursive mode of
.Ic mget ,
files and directories starting with whitespace are ignored
because the list cannot be parsed any other way.