1=head1 NAME 2 3ConicProj -- perform conic projections 4 5=head1 SYNOPSIS 6 7B<ConicProj> ( B<-c> | B<-a> ) I<lat1> I<lat2> 8[ B<-l> I<lon0> ] [ B<-k> I<k1> ] [ B<-r> ] 9[ B<-e> I<a> I<f> ] [ B<-w> ] [ B<-p> I<prec> ] 10[ B<--comment-delimiter> I<commentdelim> ] 11[ B<--version> | B<-h> | B<--help> ] 12[ B<--input-file> I<infile> | B<--input-string> I<instring> ] 13[ B<--line-separator> I<linesep> ] 14[ B<--output-file> I<outfile> ] 15 16=head1 DESCRIPTION 17 18Perform one of two conic projections geodesics. Convert geodetic 19coordinates to either Lambert conformal conic or Albers equal area 20coordinates. The standard latitudes I<lat1> and I<lat2> are specified 21by that the B<-c> option (for Lambert conformal conic) or the B<-a> 22option (for Albers equal area). At least one of these options must be 23given (the last one given is used). Specify I<lat1> = I<lat2>, to 24obtain the case with a single standard parallel. The central meridian 25is given by I<lon0>. The longitude of origin is given by the latitude 26of minimum (azimuthal) scale for Lambert conformal conic (Albers equal 27area). The (azimuthal) scale on the standard parallels is I<k1>. 28 29Geodetic coordinates are provided on standard input as a set of lines 30containing (blank separated) I<latitude> and I<longitude> (decimal 31degrees or degrees, minutes, seconds); for details on the allowed 32formats for latitude and longitude, see the C<GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES> 33section of GeoConvert(1). For each set of geodetic coordinates, the 34corresponding projected easting, I<x>, and northing, I<y>, (meters) are 35printed on standard output together with the meridian convergence 36I<gamma> (degrees) and (azimuthal) scale I<k>. For Albers equal area, 37the radial scale is 1/I<k>. The meridian convergence is the bearing of 38the I<y> axis measured clockwise from true north. 39 40Special cases of the Lambert conformal projection are the Mercator 41projection (the standard latitudes equal and opposite) and the polar 42stereographic projection (both standard latitudes correspond to the same 43pole). Special cases of the Albers equal area projection are the 44cylindrical equal area projection (the standard latitudes equal and 45opposite), the Lambert azimuthal equal area projection (both standard 46latitude corresponds to the same pole), and the Lambert equal area conic 47projection (one standard parallel is at a pole). 48 49=head1 OPTIONS 50 51=over 52 53=item B<-c> I<lat1> I<lat2> 54 55use the Lambert conformal conic projection with standard parallels 56I<lat1> and I<lat2>. 57 58=item B<-a> I<lat1> I<lat2> 59 60use the Albers equal area projection with standard parallels I<lat1> and 61I<lat2>. 62 63=item B<-l> I<lon0> 64 65specify the longitude of origin I<lon0> (degrees, default 0). 66 67=item B<-k> I<k1> 68 69specify the (azimuthal) scale I<k1> on the standard parallels (default 701). 71 72=item B<-r> 73 74perform the reverse projection. I<x> and I<y> are given on standard 75input and each line of standard output gives I<latitude>, I<longitude>, 76I<gamma>, and I<k>. 77 78=item B<-e> I<a> I<f> 79 80specify the ellipsoid via the equatorial radius, I<a> and 81the flattening, I<f>. Setting I<f> = 0 results in a sphere. Specify 82I<f> E<lt> 0 for a prolate ellipsoid. A simple fraction, e.g., 1/297, 83is allowed for I<f>. By default, the WGS84 ellipsoid is used, I<a> = 846378137 m, I<f> = 1/298.257223563. 85 86=item B<-w> 87 88toggle the longitude first flag (it starts off); if the flag is on, then 89on input and output, longitude precedes latitude (except that, on input, 90this can be overridden by a hemisphere designator, I<N>, I<S>, I<E>, 91I<W>). 92 93=item B<-p> I<prec> 94 95set the output precision to I<prec> (default 6). I<prec> is the number 96of digits after the decimal point for lengths (in meters). For 97latitudes and longitudes (in degrees), the number of digits after the 98decimal point is I<prec> + 5. For the convergence (in degrees) and 99scale, the number of digits after the decimal point is I<prec> + 6. 100 101=item B<--comment-delimiter> I<commentdelim> 102 103set the comment delimiter to I<commentdelim> (e.g., "#" or "//"). If 104set, the input lines will be scanned for this delimiter and, if found, 105the delimiter and the rest of the line will be removed prior to 106processing and subsequently appended to the output line (separated by a 107space). 108 109=item B<--version> 110 111print version and exit. 112 113=item B<-h> 114 115print usage and exit. 116 117=item B<--help> 118 119print full documentation and exit. 120 121=item B<--input-file> I<infile> 122 123read input from the file I<infile> instead of from standard input; a file 124name of "-" stands for standard input. 125 126=item B<--input-string> I<instring> 127 128read input from the string I<instring> instead of from standard input. 129All occurrences of the line separator character (default is a semicolon) 130in I<instring> are converted to newlines before the reading begins. 131 132=item B<--line-separator> I<linesep> 133 134set the line separator character to I<linesep>. By default this is a 135semicolon. 136 137=item B<--output-file> I<outfile> 138 139write output to the file I<outfile> instead of to standard output; a 140file name of "-" stands for standard output. 141 142=back 143 144=head1 EXAMPLES 145 146 echo 39.95N 75.17W | ConicProj -c 40d58 39d56 -l 77d45W 147 => 220445 -52372 1.67 1.0 148 echo 220445 -52372 | ConicProj -c 40d58 39d56 -l 77d45W -r 149 => 39.95 -75.17 1.67 1.0 150 151=head1 ERRORS 152 153An illegal line of input will print an error message to standard output 154beginning with C<ERROR:> and causes B<ConicProj> to return an exit 155code of 1. However, an error does not cause B<ConicProj> to 156terminate; following lines will be converted. 157 158=head1 AUTHOR 159 160B<ConicProj> was written by Charles Karney. 161 162=head1 HISTORY 163 164B<ConicProj> was added to GeographicLib, 165L<https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>, in version 1.9. 166