1
2 IOZONE: Performance Test of Sequential File I/O -- V2.01 (10/21/94)
3 By Bill Norcott
4
5 Operating System: SunOS -- using fsync()
6
7IOZONE: help mode
8
9 'IO Zone' Benchmark Program
10
11 Author: Bill Norcott (b_norcott@xway.com)
12 4 Dunlap Drive
13 Nashua, NH 03060
14
15 Copyright 1991, 1992, 1994 William D. Norcott
16
17 License to freely use and distribute this software is hereby granted
18 by the author, subject to the condition that this copyright notice
19 remains intact. The author retains the exclusive right to publish
20 derivative works based on this work, including, but not limited to,
21 revised versions of this work
22
23 This test writes a X MEGABYTE sequential file in Y byte chunks, then
24 rewinds it and reads it back. [The size of the file should be
25 big enough to factor out the effect of any disk cache.]. Finally,
26 IOZONE deletes the temporary file
27
28 The file is written (filling any cache buffers), and then read. If the
29 cache is >= X MB, then most if not all the reads will be satisfied from
30 the cache. However, if it is less than or equal to .5X MB, then NONE of
31 the reads will be satisfied from the cache. This is becase after the
32 file is written, a .5X MB cache will contain the upper .5 MB of the test
33 file, but we will start reading from the beginning of the file (data
34 which is no longer in the cache)
35
36 In order for this to be a fair test, the length of the test file must
37 be AT LEAST 2X the amount of disk cache memory for your system. If
38 not, you are really testing the speed at which your CPU can read blocks
39 out of the cache (not a fair test)
40
41 IOZONE does not normally test the raw I/O speed of your disk or system.
42 It tests the speed of sequential I/O to actual files. Therefore, this
43 measurement factors in the efficiency of you machines file system,
44 operating system, C compiler, and C runtime library. It produces a
45 measurement which is the number of bytes per second that your system
46 can read or write to a file.
47
48 You use IOZONE to test the I/O speed of a UNIX 'RAW DEVICE' such
49 as a tape drive, hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, etc. To do this,
50 you must define the symbol NO_DELETE when you compile IOZONE. If you
51 fail to define NO_DELETE, IOZONE will treat the raw device as a
52 temporary file, and WILL DELETE THE RAW DEVICE after the test completes!
53 When testing raw devices, any UNIX buffer caching is bypassed. IOZONE
54 still is using the read()/write() system calls, so you are not quite
55 testing the device at the low level of say, disk controller diagnostics.
56 On the other hand, that kind of testing is highly system- and device-
57 specific, and my goal for IOZONE has been to build a highly portable
58 benchmark -- not one which is tied to a particular operating system or
59 hardware configuration. In practice, I have tested raw disk and tape
60 peripherals and the results are very close to the manufacturer's specs
61 for those devices.
62
63 For V1.06, IOZONE adds the 'auto test' feature. This is activated
64 by the command: 'iozone auto' . The auto test runs IOZONE repeatedly
65 using record sizes from 512 to 8192 bytes, and file sizes from 1 to 16
66 megabytes. It creates a table of results.
67
68 For V1.06, IOZONE lets you specify the number of file system sizes and
69 record lengths to test when using auto mode. Define the constants
70 MEGABYTES_ITER_LIMIT and RECLEN_ITER_LIMIT as seen below
71
72 For V1.09 you can show the development help by typing 'iozone help'
73
74 For V1.10 IOzone traps SIGINT (user interrupt) and SIGTERM
75 (kill from shell) signals and deletes the temporary file
76
77 For V1.11 IOzone requires no compilation flags for AIX
78 Also, come miscellaneous cleanups have been made to the source
79
80 For V1.12 IOzone support has been added for the MIPS RISCos,
81 Tandem Non-StopUX, and Tandem GUARDIAN 90 operating systems.
82 IOzone is now a 'Conforming POSIX.1 Application' (IEEE Std 1003.1-1990)
83
84 For V1.14 IOzone supports Next and QNX systems. It also prints out
85 the name of the operating system when run. There is now the option
86 to force IOzone to flush all writes to disk via fsync()
87 Defining USE_FSYNC will make IOzone include in its measurements the time
88 it takes to actually write the data onto disk, as opposed to
89 just writing into the system cache. BSD UNIX and SVR4 support fsync(),
90 but SVR3 and generic POSIX systems do not. I have enabled USE_FSYNC
91 for the systems which support it
92
93 For V1.14, we now officially support AT&T SVR4. It has worked just
94 fine using SVR4 with previous versions of IOzone. Also, for systems
95 which use the times() function, we calculate the 'base time' the first
96 time we ever call time_so_far(), then subtract this time from all
97 future measurements. This increases the precision of our measurement
98 and fixes a loss-of-precision problem which occurred on some systems
99
100 For V1.15, add the NO_DELETE symbol. If you define NO_DELETE during
101 the compilation (e.g., for UNIX systems compile with cc -DNO_DELETE),
102 IOzone will not delete the 'temporary' file which it reads & writes.
103 This is REQUIRED when testing RAW DEVICES such as disks and tape drives!
104
105 For 2.0, after a long hiatus ;-} this new release supports 'raw'
106 option for raw mode devices. Raw mode can be used together with auto
107 mode. Also, Tandem Computers NonStop OSS operating system is added.
108
109 This program has been ported and tested on the following computer
110 operating systems:
111
112 Vendor Operating System Notes on compiling IOzone
113 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
114 Apollo Domain/OS no cc switches -- BSD domain
115 AT&T UNIX System V Release 4
116 AT&T 6386WGS AT&T UNIX 5.3.2 can't get it to compile with cc
117 It should work with gcc via:
118 'gcc -ansi -o iozone iozone.c'
119 Generic AT&T UNIX System V R3 may need cc -DSVR3
120 Convergent Unisys/AT&T Sys5r3 cc -DCONVERGENT -o iozone iozone.c
121 Digital Equipment ULTRIX V4.1
122 Digital Equipment VAX/VMS V5.4 see below **
123 Digital Equipment VAX/VMS (POSIX)
124 Hewlett-Packard HP-UX 7.05
125 IBM AIX Ver. 3 rel. 1
126 Interactive UNIX System V R3
127 Microsoft MS-DOS 3.3 tested Borland, Microsoft C
128 MIPS RISCos 4.52
129 NeXt NeXt OS 2.x
130 OSF OSF/1
131 Portable! POSIX 1003.1-1990 may need to -D_POSIX_SOURCE
132 QNX QNX 4.0
133 SCO UNIX System V/386 3.2.2
134 SCO XENIX 2.3
135 SCO XENIX 3.2
136 Silicon Graphics UNIX cc -DSGI -o iozone iozone.c
137 Sony Microsystems UNIX same as MIPS
138 Sun Microsystems SUNOS 4.1.1
139 Tandem Computers GUARDIAN 90 1. call the source file IOZONEC
140 2. C/IN IOZONEC/IOZONE;RUNNABLE
141 3. RUN IOZONE
142 Tandem Computers Non-Stop UX
143 Tandem Computers Non-Stop OSS
144
145 ** for VMS, define iozone as a foreign command via this DCL command:
146
147 $IOZONE :== $SYS$DISK:[]IOZONE.EXE
148
149 this lets you pass the command line arguments to IOZONE
150
151 Acknowledgements to the following persons for their feedback on IOzone:
152
153 Andy Puchrik, Michael D. Lawler, Krishna E. Bera, Sam Drake, John H. Hartman,
154 Ted Lyszczarz, Bill Metzenthen, Jody Winston, Clarence Dold, Axel
155 Dan Hildebrand, Joe Nordman, Bob Fritz, Jeff Johnson
156
157 --- MODIFICATION HISTORY:
158
159
160 3/7/91 William D. Norcott (Bill.Norcott@nuo.mts.dec.com)
161 created
162
163 3/22/91 Bill Norcott tested on OSF/1 ... it works
164
165 3/24/91 Bill Norcott V1.02 -- use calloc in TURBOC to
166 fix bug with their malloc
167
168 3/25/91 Bill Norcott V1.03 -- add ifdef for XENIX
169
170 3/27/91 Bill Norcott V1.04 -- Includes for SCO UNIX
171
172 4/26/91 Bill Norcott V1.05 -- support AIX and SUNos, check
173 length of read() and write()
174 4/26/91 Bill Norcott V1.06 -- tabulate results of a series
175 of tests
176 5/17/91 Bill Norcott V1.07 -- use time() for VMS
177 5/20/91 Bill Norcott V1.08 -- use %ld for Turbo C and
178 use #ifdef sun to bypass
179 inclusion of limits.h
180 6/19/91 Bill Norcott V1.09 -- rid #elif to support HP-UX and
181 Silicon Graphics UNIX, and
182 add #ifdef SGI
183 add #ifdef CONVERGENT
184 for Convergent Technologies
185 also add help option
186 7/2/91 Bill Norcott V1.10 -- delete file if get SIGINT
187 or SIGTERM
188 8/20/91 Bill Norcott V1.11 -- require no flags with AIX
189 11/4/91 Bill Norcott V1.12 -- support MIPS RISCos
190 Tandem NonStop-UX, and
191 IEEE Std POSIX 1003.1-1990
192 12/4/91 Bill Norcott V1.13 -- support NeXT; tell host OS type
193 1/23/92 Bill Norcott V1.14 -- support QNX & use calloc() for buffer
194 5/1/92 Bill Norcott V1.15 -- support SVR4; fix loss of precision
195 in times() function.
196 support Interactive UNIX
197 detect ANSI if no O/S
198 Also, define for generic SVR3
199 Apollo Domain/OS
200 Define NO_DELETE and iozone wont
201 delete the temp file. Needed to
202 test raw devices without deleting
203 them
204 10/28/92 Bill Norcott V1.16 -- bug fix: some unsigned longs changed
205 to unsigned in V1.15 caused problem
206 so change back. Also, note problems
207 with AT&T 6386WGS systems
208 10/21/94 Bill Norcott V2.01 -- add support Tandem NonStop OSS,
209 also support auto with raw mode I/O
210
211