1From enterpoop.mit.edu!hri.com!ukma!news1.gsfc.nasa.gov!jagubox!jim Thu Feb 4 10:35:40 EDT 1993 2Article: 26 of comp.unix.aux 3Path: genome.wi.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!hri.com!ukma!news1.gsfc.nasa.gov!jagubox!jim 4From: jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov (Jim Jagielski) 5Newsgroups: comp.unix.aux,news.answers 6Subject: Apple A/UX FAQ List (1/2) 7Summary: Latest posting of FAQ for A/UX 8Keywords: FAQ A/UX 9Message-ID: <1407@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov> 10Date: 2 Feb 93 18:11:25 GMT 11Expires: Wed, 17 Feb 1993 00:00:00 GMT 12Sender: usenet@skates.gsfc.nasa.gov 13Reply-To: jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov (Jim Jagielski) 14Followup-To: comp.unix.aux 15Organization: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center 16Lines: 1095 17Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu 18Supersedes: <1384@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov> 19Xref: genome.wi.mit.edu comp.unix.aux:26 news.answers:146 20 21Archive-name: aux-faq/part1 22Last-modified: Tue Feb 2 13:05:56 EST 1993 23 24 This is the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list for A/UX 3.0 25 26 27This FAQ list is intended to cut down on the number of "often asked questions" 28that make the rounds here on comp.unix.aux. Also included you'll find a few 29words of wisdom as well as some general information for the A/UX community. 30This list assumes that you are familiar with Unix (to some extent) but 31are curious about A/UX's eccentricities. The list will concentrate on A/UX 323.0 but may also have info about previous versions. If you don't understand 33something in the FAQ List, and a "Point of Contact" isn't specified, then 34contact me and I'll attempt to help or else point you to someone who can. 35In any case, let me know how I can make the list more clear. 36 37The list will be posted biweekly (every 2 weeks) on comp.unix.aux as well as 38news.answers. It is also available via anonymous ftp on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. 39 40There is a frozen FAQ that deals with A/UX 2.0.1 which is available via anon- 41ftp on jagubox (FAQ.aux.201). This FAQ will be posted monthly (or so) on 42comp.unix.aux. 43 44This FAQ is "copyrighted" in the same sense that all other FAQs are copy- 45righted: the FAQ may be freely redistributed as long as the author's/editor's 46name and this notice is included. 47 48Send your additions|modifications to Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov). 49(editor's notes are included as <<ED: ...>>) 50 51|++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 52|Significant changes/additions since last posting: 53| Changes signified by "|" in 1st column; 54| Additions by "+" in the 1st column; 55| Deletions by "-" in the 1st column (the line will be 56| deleted in the next posting)) 57| 58+ o Broken: Fix for 'ao', 'as', 'etheraddr' exists 59+ o Broken: note syslogd and BNU 1.6 problems. 60| o Broken: 'tc' info 61| o Ports: full location of emacs noted 62+ o Ports: make note of smail 3.1.28 diffs on jagubox 63| o Ports: Elm 2.4.20 (plus some hints) 64+ o Compatible: add BBEdit here too 65| o Q&A #15: UUCP and mail problems using sendmail 66+ o Q&A #15: Warn about dial.o and syslog breaking 67+ o Q&A #19: Tell people about smail as well 68| o Q&A #43: Format of answer changed to make it easier to update 69+ o Q&A #43: New drivers for DigiBoard 70|++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 71 72 73=============================================================================== 74 75 **** TABLE OF CONTENTS: **** 76 77o List of Contributors to A/UX FAQ List 78o List of anon-ftp archives for A/UX 79o List of what's broken under A/UX 3.0 80o List of ported software 81o Partial list of compatible shareware|freeware known to work under 3.0 82o Hints and Words of Wisdom 83o Q&A- 84 0) What's A/UX? Is it any good? 85 1) What's the minimum system I need (CPU, disk and RAM) to run A/UX? 86 2) What's new about A/UX 3.0? 87 3) What's the upgrade path for A/UX 3.0 88 4) What Mac applications are compatible with A/UX? 89 5) Can I use my Teac|DC2000|DC6000|DAT|etc tape drive under A/UX? 90 6) How come rn|elm|less|etc... acts weird concerning signals? Mainly, their 91 support of job-control is less than perfect. 92 7) What screen-savers are compatible with A/UX? 93 8) Is X11R5 available for A/UX? 94 9) I've noticed that FSF GNU doesn't support A/UX. Does that mean I'll 95 miss out on all the neat Gnu-stuff like gcc? 96 10) I have an EtherNet card that works fine under the Macintosh operating 97 system but not under A/UX. Why? 98 11) Can I use my scanner under A/UX? 99 12) How come my Login screen is gray, not color? 100 13) Even though I have lot's of swap space and only a little bit is 101 being used, I STILL get a lot of messages saying that my swap 102 space is running low. What the buzz? 103 14) How can I copy a complete file system from one disk|partition to 104 another? 105| 15) What's with UUCP? 106 16) How can I log anonymous ftp entries? in.ftpd has a -l option, 107 but it doesn't work. 108 17) I'm trying to use a SyQuest drive under A/UX but it refuses to work. 109 I keep on getting a "more data than device expected" error message. 110 What's wrong? 111 18) I'm unable to start a getty process on a built-in serial port. When 112 I use 'setport' to enable the port, I get a "no such device" error. 113 Configuring /etc/inittab to respawn getty on the port has no effect. 114 19) I am using and depending on /etc/hosts to do all my hostname resolving 115 (i.e. not using named or /etc/resolv.conf). How come I can't mail 116 to other hosts, but I can ping|ftp|etc... them? 117 20) My MacOS partition mounts fine under MacOS but it doesn't show up 118 under A/UX... Why? 119 21) I've ported Elm (or other mail reader) and it doesn't seem to work. 120 Why? 121 22) What 3-button mice work under A/UX (and X)? 122 23) How come when I do a 'df' as a regular user, it shows me a different 123 number of free blocks compared to when I run it as 'root'? 124 24) Does A/UX LocalTalk support IP? 125 25) How do I get MPW 3.1 to work? It hangs my system... 126 26) Can I refer to a file on my Mac system from within A/UX? 127 27) How can I adjust the amount of virtual memory available Finder uses? 128 28) Is it worth getting a cache card for the IIci? 129 29) How do I keep command lines that I edit with "backspace" from erasing 130 the prompt? 131 30) When I try to mail something, I get the following error message: 132 "Cannot read frozen config file: not a typewriter". What's wrong? 133 31a) I have MacsBug installed. How can I trigger it? 134 31b) Sometimes my MultiFinder environment (and/or CommandShell) freezes 135 up; how can I unfreeze it? Should I hit the Interrupt switch? 136 32) Is there an archive of comp.unix.aux out there somewhere? 137 33) My site is not upgraded to EtherTalk Phase 2 yet... can I use Phase 1 138 under A/UX? 139 34) What languages are available for A/UX? 140 35) How can I figure out the /etc/disktab entry for my hard disk? 141 36) How come I can't use color under X? 142 37) What are Right-To-Copy and Right-To-Upgrade licenses? 143 38) How do I set up my Mac and A/UX to enable remote logins via a modem 144 on tty0? 145 39) How come I can't used 'talk' with some of the other Unix boxes out 146 there, and they can't talk to me? 147 40) I'm having trouble transfering files between A/UX and my MacOS disk... 148 Also, sometimes things get transfered fine, othertimes not. What's 149 going on? 150 41) Using the command shell interface, I'm trying to access some Mac files 151 (that have strange names) but I can't; the program returns an error and 152 I can't access the file. What's going on? 153 42) How can I reports bugs that I find? 154| 43) Which serial cards work under A/UX? 155 44) I heard the the Installer for 3.0 works on "any" 3rd party hard disk. 156 Well, it doesn't on mine! 157 45) I'm using a LaserWriter IIg with A/UX and whenever I print some- 158 thing to it through 'lpr', the first line of the page is cut off. Why? 159 46) Whenever I try to run xinit (or startx) from the CommandShell I get 160 a fatal server error. Why? 161 47) I'm trying to access my tape drive using 'tc' (with something like 162 "find . -print | cpio -o > /dev/rmt/tc1") but it doesn't work... 163 48) What CD-ROM drives are compatible with A/UX 3.0? 164 49) Do I install CDEVs and Extensions in the System Folder on MacPartition 165 or on the "/" A/UX disk. 166 50) I heard that A/UX requires a special version of System 7 to boot... 167 Is this true? 168 51) I've tried to install the CD Remote extension to A/UX so that 169 I can play audio CD's, but it doesn't work... 170 52) What CD-ROM formats does A/UX support? 171 53) How can I add printers other than those available via the Chooser? 172 54) After the Mac environment crashes (or when I use MacsBug), the 173 Desktop gets all screwed up... Argg!! 174 55) My MacOS partition(s) only show up on the Desktop when I login 175 as root. Why? 176 56) For some reason, my CommandShell only responds to a keyboard 177 event after it receives a second event. For example, typing "a" 178 won't show until I type something else or click the mouse. 179 What gives? 180 57) Can A/UX 3.0 run System 7.1? 181 182 183=============================================================================== 184 185 **** List of Contributors to A/UX FAQ List **** 186 187The editor would like to thank all the various people who have contributed to 188the A/UX FAQ List (both those that submitted questions as well as those who 189submitted answers). Also included under the Q&A section are the relevant people 190to contact if you have specific questions about specific A/UX items. If I've 191left you out, PLEASE E-mail me! 192 193Brian Bechtel (blob@apple.com) 194Nick Beser (beser@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) 195Manuel Bouyssou (manuel@apple.com) 196John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com) 197Tony Cooper (tony@marc.cri.nz) 198Bob Denny (denny@alisa.com) 199Eric Dittman (dittman@skitzo.dseg.ti.com) 200John Dundas III (dundas@salt.jpl.nasa.gov) 201Thomas Eberhardt (thomas@mathematik.uni-Bremen.de) 202Ron Flax (ron@afsg.apple.com) 203Marcelo Gallardo (marcelo@deadzone.princeton.edu) 204Ben Goren (ben@tux.fa.asu.edu) 205James Gritton (gritton@byu.edu) 206Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) 207Chris Johnson (cjohnson@brl.mil) 208Bill Johnston (johnston@me.udel.edu) 209Ron Johnston (johnston@apple.com) 210Bob Kirby (kirby@moe.esl.com) 211Nicolas Lenz (nlenz@sdcc13.UCSD.EDU) 212Luke Mewburn (s902113@minyos.xx.rmit.OZ.AU) 213Darrell Pfeifer (pfeifer@camins.camosun.bc.ca) 214William Roberts (he's moving....) 215Alexis Rosen (alexis@panix.com) 216Craig Ruff (cruff@ncar.ucar.edu) 217Jim Ryan (jryan@adobe.com) 218Paul Sander (paul@sander.uucp) 219Kent Sandvik (ksand@apple.com) 220Craig Struble (cstruble@gnu.ai.mit.edu) 221Chuq Von Rospach (chuq@apple.com) 222Jon W{tte (d88-jwa@nada.kth.se) 223Earl Wallace (earlw@macaux.aux.apple.com) 224 225 226=============================================================================== 227 228 **** List of anonymous ftp archives for A/UX **** 229 230The following sites have A/UX related archives and materials available via 231anonymous ftp (see below for more information): 232 233afsg.apple.com (192.1.34.2) 234 ports and hacks for A/UX 235 236aux.nada.kth.se (130.237.226.207) 237 mirror of A/UX items from: 238 afsg.apple.com 239 aux.support.apple.com 240 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov 241 wuarchive.wustl.edu 242 243aux.support.apple.com (130.43.6.2) 244 comp.unix.aux archives; 245 A/UX patches and some ports; 246 247jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov (128.183.44.1) 248 FAQ List; 249 bunch of ports, utilities, new mini-inews (1.6); 250 251rascal.ics.utexas.edu (128.83.138.20) 252 misc. ports; 253 Mac applications, CDEVs, etc...; 254 255redstar.dcs.qmw.ac.uk (192.135.231.4) 256 IIci benchmarking results; 257 258wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4) 259 ports, GNU stuff; (look in systems/aux) 260 261 262=============================================================================== 263 264 **** List of what's broken under A/UX 3.0: **** 265 266+as, ao, etheraddr: 267+ H/W ethernet address is burned in bitwise reverse on Q9?0 268+ and Ethernet NB card. Thus, ao, as and etheraddr reports the 269+ incorrect address. 270+ *** 3.0 patch is now available *** 271+ *** on aux.support.apple.com in supported/3.0 *** 272 273BNU/HDB UUCP (the whole thing): 274 Severe problems as distributed, such as inability to dialout 275 with correctly configured modem, etc... 276 *** 3.0 patch is now available *** 277 *** on aux.support.apple.com in supported/3.0 *** 278 *** This "patch" is a newer version of HDB (to 1.16) *** 279 *** and adds some Mega-enhancements as well. *** 280 *** Thanks to Earl Wallace!!! *** 281 #### If you snagged version 1.14 from aux.support.apple.com #### 282 #### then be _sure_ to update to version 1.16. #### 283+ #### #### 284+ #### Installing BNU 1.6 causes syslogd to break under #### 285+ #### new compiles. This is due to the fact that dial.o #### 286+ #### is replaced in libc.a|libc_s.a when BNU is installed #### 287+ #### To fix, just replace the original dial.o #### 288 289csh: 290 Doesn't seem to like filename completion. 291 292in.telnetd: 293 Leaves ports open and hanging occasionally. Can cause kernel crashes. 294 *** 3.0 patch is now available *** 295 *** on wuarchive.wustl.edu under systems/aux *** 296 #### Please note that it appears that this new version has #### 297 #### some slight bugs in correctly handling Synchs and #### 298 #### options negotiation. I have only seen this using #### 299 #### VersaTerm Pro 3.6.2 and connecting to myself via telnet #### 300 301serial drivers: 302 After some use on all Macs (except IIfx and maybe the Quadras) 303 the kernel will crash. 304 *** This has been confirmed by Apple but no fix exists yet!! *** 305 306+syslogd: 307+ If BNU 1.6 is installed, syslogd won't work on newly compiled 308+ programs due to some munging of libc.a|libc_s.a when BNU 1.6 309+ is installed. See BNU/HDB UUCP above. 310 311tc (tape driver device driver): 312 Reports incorrect file number when 'mt' is used to skip 313 files (fsf and/or bsf). 314 Doesn't allow for additional storage capability of extended 315 length tapes or hardware compression tape drives. 316+ Doesn't work with Exabyte 8200s 317 *** 'mt2' written and available on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov *** 318 *** to correct for 'tc's file number confusion *** 319 *** (although it's not needed due to....) *** 320 *** *** 321 *** A replacement version of 'tc' has been written *** 322 *** that fixes these bugs as well as providing support *** 323 *** for additional drives and capability *** 324 *** *** 325 *** 3.0 replacement will SOON be available *** 326| *** on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov in pub/NEWtc320.tar.Z *** 327| *** (NEWtc320.tar.Z will be released very soon) *** 328| *** (NEWtc312.tar.Z does NOT fix the 8200 problem) *** 329 330/usr/include/dir.h 331 If entered through dirent.h and _SYSV_SOURCE is defined, 332 rewinddir() is incorrectly "defined". It assumes that you are 333 linking -lposix and will use the "real" rewinddir() function 334 found there, when, in fact, you should #define rewinddir 335 as done with _BSD_SOURCE. 336 *** A hacked version of dir.h is available on *** 337 *** jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. It only assumes -lposix will *** 338 *** be included (and the real rewinddir() called) if *** 339 *** _only_ _POSIX_SOURCE is defined *** 340 341/usr/include/sys/types.h: 342 Incorrectly defines size_t as signed int when every other header 343 file defines it as unsigned int. 344 *** Fix is very simple... edit /usr/include/sys/types.h *** 345 *** and change it from signed to unsigned *** 346 347 348 349=============================================================================== 350 351 **** List of ported software available via anon-ftp: **** 352(Included is the person responsible for the port and the location of the port) 353 354Austin KCL (619): 355 Thomas Weigert (weigert@mcs.anl.gov) 356 wuarchive.wustl.edu [???] 357 358 359bpf (Berkeley Packet Filter): 360 Ron Flax (ron@afsg.apple.com) 361 afsg.apple.com [pub] 362 363emacs (GNU 18.58): 364 James Gritton (gritton@byu.edu) 365| wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/gnu/epoch] 366 367gated (2.0.1.14): 368 Herb Weiner (herbw@wiskit.rain.com) 369 onion.rain.com [pub/wiskit] 370 371gcc (1.40 and 2.3.1): 372 John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com) 373 wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/gnu] 374 (See Q&A #9) 375 376gdb (4.6): 377 Thomas Eberhardt (thomas@mathematik.uni-Bremen.de) 378 wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/gnu] 379 380logging in.ftpd: 381 Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) 382 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 383 (See Q&A #16) 384 385mt2 (replacement for 'mt' tape positioner program): 386 Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) 387 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 388 389mtools (MS DOS floppy access tools): 390 Parag Patel (parag@netcom.com) 391 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 392 393pine 3.05: 394 Marcelo Gallardo (marcelo@deadzone.princeton.edu) 395 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 396 397popper: 398 Ben Goren (ben@tux.fa.asu.edu) 399 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 400 401sendmail 5.65: 402 Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) 403 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 404 (See Q&A #19) 405 406sendmail.cf: 407 Alexis Rosen (alexis@panix.com) 408 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub/uucp-sendmail-cf] 409 (See Q&A #15) 410 411+smail 3.1.28: 412+ Bob Denny (denny@alisa.com) 413+ jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 414 415talk and talkd (BSD 4.3 versions) 416 Steve Green (xrsbg@dirac.gsfc.nasa.gov) 417 jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov [pub] 418 (See Q&A #39) 419 420tcsh (6.00.03): (if you have 6.00.02, you really _should_ upgrade) 421 Eric Dittman (dittman@skitzo.dseg.ti.com) 422 wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/packages] 423 424X11R5 and X11R4: 425 John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com) 426 Thomas Eberhardt (thomas@mathematik.uni-Bremen.de) 427 wuarchive.wustl.edu [systems/aux/gnu] 428 ftp.uni-stuttgart.de [soft/mac/aux/x11r5/forAUX3.0] 429 (See Q&A #8) 430 431The following have also been successfully ported to A/UX with minimal trouble. 432Since the ports are pretty straightforward, only a few are actually available 433in their ported form (please see Q&A #6): (those that have been personnally 434verified by the editor are marked with '#') 435 436o Cnews (Ver. ??) 437# Elm 2.4.20 (edit config.sh and "undef" d_locale...) 438o Ghostscript 2.3 439o GNU Stuff (all are pretty much straight-forward): 440 binutils 1.9 441 bison 1.15 442 emacs 18.58 (see List of Ports, above) 443 fileutils 3.1 444# find 3.7 (to allow 'find' to recognize user=nobody, compile 445 with 'cc') 446 flex 2.3.7 447 gawk 2.13 448# gdbm 1.5 449# grep 1.6 450 sed 1.08 451 shellutils 1.5 452 Smalltalk 1.1.1 453 tar 1.10.12 454 textutils 1.1.1 455o Gwm 1.7h 456# less 177 457# NetHack 458# nn 6.4.18 459# nntp 1.5.11 460# perl 4.035 (use '-lm -lPW -ldbm -lbsd', get "fixed" dir.h to 461 avoid needing -lposix for rewinddir(), use gcc if 462 possible, make sure d_voidsig is correct ("define" if 463 using ANSI, "undef" if not), and undef d_ndbm while 464 defining d_dbm). 465# rn 4.3.54 466# rn 4.4.1 467o SB Prolog 3.1 (minor changes in the builtin directory) 468# smail 3.1.28 (get the AUXsmail.tar.Z file on jagubox for 469 A/UX diffs and patches) 470o trn (Ver. ??) 471 472 473=============================================================================== 474 475**** Partial list of compatible shareware|freeware known to work under 3.0 **** 476 (will focus on popular Extensions, CDEVs, applications, etc...) 477 ++++ This is by No Means a complete list!!! ++++ 478 479+o BBEdit (2.2.1) - _really_ nice and good replacement for TextEditor 480 (see Words Of Wisdome) 481o CFloppy 482o Disinfectant INIT (2.9) 483o Extension Manager (1.8) 484o Facade (1.x) 485o FMbackup 1.0.4 (prevents having to totally rebuild Desktop when A/UX 486 crashes... See Q&A 54) 487o GateKeeper (1.2.5) - For some reason, "Show Log" doesn't work although 488 log entries _are_ made. Chris Johnson knows about this and is 489 looking into it. 490o MacsBug (6.2.x) 491o Maelstrom (1.01) - crashes sometimes, but heck it does that under MacOS 492 as well :) 493o Moire (3.22) - even works under login screen ## kinda incompatible 494 with FMbackup (prevents "Finishing up..." window) 495o Solarian II (1.04) 496o Suitcase (1.2.6) - the latest version, 1.2.12, doesn't 497 (if you have ATM, you can use Font Porter instead which automatically 498 installs Font suitcases) 499 << ED: well, now I hear that 1.2.6 may not even work... I'll keep you 500 all posted >> 501o Windows (2.1) 502 503####### 504 505The following is a _very_ short list of some known compatible 3rd party 506applications, CDEVs, Extensions, etc... This is by no means a complete 507list since the vast majority of MacOS programs work just fine under A/UX 508(see Q&A # 4). But the following ones are kinda popular and they get asked 509about alot: 510 511o Access PC (2.0) 512o After Dark (2.0u and later) - some displays don't have enough 513 memory to work so the default (low memory) one comes up 514o ATM 2.0.3 515o ATM 3.0 516o DOS Mounter (3.00) - but _boy_ does it slow down floppy disk access! 517o Font Porter 518o Illustrator 3.2 519o Now Utilities 3.0.2 520 (New Menus requires that the Control Panel alias point to a Control 521 Panel which is on a HFS partition... this means you need to copy the 522 A/UX CP over to a HFS partition (such as MacPartition) and then make 523 and alias and copy that over to the Apple Menu Items folder under 524 A/UX. 525 526 Super Boomerang doesn't seem to like 3.0) 527 528o Photoshop 2.0.1 <mostly> (Gamma, which is included, does _not_ work) 529o Premiere 1.0 530o Streamline 2.0 <mostly... not 32-bit clean> 531o Type Reunion 1.3 532o VersaTerm Telnet (etc...) Tool 533 534 535=============================================================================== 536 537 **** Hints and Words of Wisdom: **** 538 539o By default, A/UX allocates only 10% of memory for disk buffers 540 (that is, the value of 'NBUF' is 0... see kconfig(1M)) 541 If you have a lot of RAM, you could greatly increase system 542 performance by increasing the allotment. However, you cannot 543 use kconfig to specify "20%" but you must give it an actual number 544 to use. The way to determine the number of buffers being used, 545 run "pstat -m". This will give you the number of buffers that are 546 currently allocated. For example, if the value is 1000, then you know 547 that to increase the number of buffers to 20%, you must use 'kconfig' 548 to set 'NBUF' to 2000. 549 550 Please note that if you change the amount of RAM you have, you'll 551 need to change the value of 'NBUF.' I suggest that before you 552 add|remove RAM, you use 'kconfig' to reset 'NBUF' to 0, then 553 do the RAM change and see how your system performance is. If needed, 554 you can then use the above to increase (or decrease) the number of 555 disk buffers. 556 557o You can run A/UX on the original MacII, however the PMMU chip must be 558 installed. You can also use one of the many 68030 upgrades for the 559 MacII, such as the Marathon '030, but the MacII ROMs won't recognize 560 the PMMU capabilities onboard the CPU. You'll need to get the MacII 561 FDHD ROM Upgrade Kit. This kit replaces your ROMs with IIx ROMs, thus 562 enabling you (and A/UX) to use the upgrade. The kit also replaces your 563 SWIM chip (floppy controller) enabling you to use FDHD disks (if such 564 a drive is installed) too... thus the name of the kit. This kit can 565 be had for about $120 although some dealers also include a FDHD drive 566 as well, bumping the price up to about $430. 567 568o You can configure the built-in serial ports for hardware handshaking 569 (RTS & DTS) _or_ dialup security (DTR & CD) but not both, due to the 570 lack of a sufficient number of modem control lines. 571 572o When using ftp, unless you are _sure_ that a file is, in fact, a true 573 Text file, set the ftp mode to Binary. This is especially true when 574 downloading GIFs and "true" Mac files. If it's a BINHEXed file or a 575 uuencoded file, then you can specify Ascii mode (in some cases, it's 576 required). If the file you wish to download has the ".tar" or ".Z" 577 suffix, then you _need_ Binary; if the suffix is ".uu" or ".hqx" 578 then use Ascii. If you are using a MacOS-ftp utility, then using 579 MacBinary may confuse A/UX (well, the Unix side of it). If the file 580 is a tar file (for example), compressed or not, MacBinary attaches 581 some MacOS "information" to the file that tar can't handle. Use 582 'fcnvt' to change the file to Apple Double to "strip" this extra 583 by separating the forks. 584 585o To download GIF files via anon-ftp, be sure to specify Binary mode. Then 586 use 'setfile' to create the correct Type and Creator fields (for, example, 587 for Giffer use 'setfile -t"GIFf" -c"Bozo"'). You can then keep this file 588 on your A/UX disk or transfer it over to your MacOS disk (See Q#40). 589 590o If you want to rebuild the "/" desktop, be _sure_ to avoid circular 591 symbolic links (links to "." and/or "..") or else you'll be waiting 592 a looooong time. 593 594o The full functionality of System 7 Tuner 1.1.1 is included in A/UX 3.0 595 even though A/UX "only" has System 7 Tuner 1.0. Installing version 1.1.1 596 could cause problems running the Finder environment. 597 598 Installing LaserWriter 7.1.1 (which is on the TuneUp 1.1.1 disk) 599 causes no problems at all. 600 601o To more accurately reflect the geometry of the FFS, try increasing 602 SBUFSIZE to something like 4096 or 8192 with a corresponding decrease 603 in NBUF by a factor of 2 or 4, respectively (to maintain the same 604 amount of buffer memory used). 605 606o With the newest version of HDB UUCP (1.16 - see above), use the "-u" 607 option on 'getty' to keep /dev/tty?? settings sane. Also use the "-t" 608 option with a value like 60 or so to make getty hang up and hung 609 login attempt. 610 611o If your A/UX setup is a true multi-user system, or, at the least, has 612 Guest as an active account, it is a Very Good Idea to give each user their 613 own personal System Folder (use 'systemfolder'). This is _very_ true for 614 root! As root, you should also avoid using the global System Folder 615 (mac/sys/System Folder) as an alternate Sys. Folder... there's very 616 little need to do so anyway. 617 618 Oh yeah... you can't just copy /mac/sys/System Folder to something like 619 $HOME/System Folder... you must use 'systemfolder' and add/change/delete 620 things as required. 621 622o It's very easy to replace TextEditor as your Finder-double-click text 623 editor. All you need to do is copy the application to /mac/bin (make 624 sure that it's permissions are 755 bin|bin), edit /etc/profile and 625 /etc/cshrc to change FINDER_EDITOR to point to the application. Now, A/UX 626 text files will show up as that application's filetype. An _excellent_ 627 replacement is BBEdit (v 2.2.1). It is really recommened! 628 629o A/UX's 'login' supports additional dialup security. This is enabled by 630 creating|editing two files: /etc/dialups and /etc/d_passwd. The format of 631 /etc/dialups is a list of ports that you want to have dialup passwds. eg: 632 633 /dev/tty0 634 /dev/tty10 635 636 The format of /etc/d_passwd is a list which associates a password with 637 a login program (which is the last field in /etc/passwd). eg: 638 639 /bin/sh:&nk7h7ak92j3H: 640 /bin/ksh:8hw$jK4ft92jx: 641 /bin/csh:: 642 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico:: 643 644 In this case, if anyone attempts to login on ports tty0 or tty10 and 645 are using 'ksh' or 'sh', they'll get asked for a secondary (dialup) 646 password. Users using 'csh' or 'uucico' will not. All other logins 647 that use login programs not entered in /etc/d_passwd (like, for 648 example, /usr/local/bin/bash) will _not_ be allowed to login on 649 the "secure" port. 650 651 652=============================================================================== 653 654 **** Q&A: **** 655 6560) What's A/UX? Is it any good? 657 658A/UX is Apple's implementation of Unix (it's Apple's UNix) for the Macintosh 659computers. A/UX merges two computing environments, Unix and the Macintosh 660Finder OS, and provides the full functionality of both. 661 662A/UX is based on AT&T Unix System V.2.2 with numerous extensions from V.3 (such 663as streams) and BSD 4.2/4.3 (such as networking, the Fast File System, job 664control, lpr, NFS with Yellow Pages, SCCS and sendmail 5.64). It also provides 665full POSIX compliance. A/UX provides SYSV, BSD and POSIX compatiblity switches 666and libraries. A/UX is fully compiant with the System V Interface Definition 667(SVID). 668 669A/UX provides all three standard shells: sh, csh and ksh. X-Windows is also 670provided standard. 671 672A/UX 3.0 incorporates System 7 for the Macintosh allowing for the use of 673the vast majority of Macintosh applications under A/UX. System7 and Unix 674and fully integrated under A/UX 3.0 with the Unix file system being seen 675as a disk drive by the Finder. 676 677There are quite a few people who feel that A/UX is a near-perfect implemen- 678tation of Unix. Of course, every operating system (even AIX!) has it's 679share of devotees, so that's not a very valid scale of whether the system is 680any good. A/UX _is_ Unix... it's not some form of pseudo-Unix. It insulates 681the user from Unix, if required, but the System Administrator will need 682to become Unix-aware. Furthermore, if you want straight Unix, you can get 683it... it's not a chore to bypass all the "gingerbread." People may also 684complain that A/UX is based on an "obsolete" version of AT&T Unix (V.2.2). 685In many ways, Apple's extensions make A/UX very V.3-like (V.3 is in many 686ways an enhanced V.2... it even uses the V.2 kernel)... The list of extensions 687to A/UX are impressive. Compare what you get standard with other systems 688and you'll be shocked! On some, 'cc', 'f77', NFS, etc... are costly options. 689 690The main consideration (and opposition) to A/UX is the platform it runs 691on: The Macintosh. Some consider this a boon, others a bust. At present, 692Apple's top-level workstation is the Quadra 950, a 33MHz 68040 based system. 693Some consider this obsolete; others consider it overkill; others consider 694it, like Goldilocks, "just right." 695 696If you need super-fast state-of-the-art number crunching capability then A/UX 697may not be for you... the Q950 benchmarks at maybe 9-14 SPECmarks (depending 698on compiler used, external cache size, etc...) and you can get lots faster 699with other platforms. Of course, you'll have to "settle" for their operating 700systems, but if you need it, then that's how you'll get it. Of course, this 701doesn't mean that A/UX "crawls"... 702 703There are very few people who need this type of performance though. If you 704need (or just _want_) a Unix workstation with the speed and power of Unix 705and the user interface and application selection of the Macintosh then 706A/UX is the way to go. In many, many ways, A/UX is the Unix "for the rest 707of us"... even if we are long-time Unix junkies. If you love the Mac, you'll 708love A/UX; if you love Unix, you'll love A/UX... and if you want a near- 709perfect marriage of the two, then you'll love A/UX. 710 711Yes, A/UX is good... very, very good :) 712 713=== 7141) What's the minimum system I need (CPU, disk and RAM) to run A/UX? 715 716A/UX 3.0 works on the MacII (with PMMU _or_ 68030 upgrade with FDHD ROM's 717installed), IIx, IIcx, IIci, IIfx, SE/30, IIsi (with 68882 chip) and the 718Quadra series computers (3.0 doesn't support the ClassicII or the PowerBooks). 719Despite some Apple literature to the contrary, A/UX doesn't run on the IIvx. 720A/UX is available preinstalled on Mac systems or on CD-ROM. To find the 721nearest A/UX reseller, call 1-800-538-9696. 722 723If you really want to cut it close, 8MB RAM and an ENTIRE 80MB hard disk 724will just make it. You'll have little room for user files (unless you clear 725out some space by removing /games and maybe /catman) and depending on your 726workload, may suffer from low performance (due to swapping... you may even 727encounter the infamous swap messages :) According to William Roberts 728(who's on the move), if you are mounting a _lot_ of stuff over NFS, a 40MB 729disk should be plenty (please contact William for more info about this). 730 731A much better system would be 16MB of RAM and about 200MB of disk space. This 732would give you much more room to grow as well as sufficient RAM to increase 733your performance (assuming that you tune some kernel parameters). All in all, 734more RAM is prefered: 20MB (or more) is ideal. 735 736=== 7372) What's new about A/UX 3.0? 738 739A/UX 3.0 incorporates the full functionality of System7. It supports the 740QuickTime multimedia extension and the new Mac Quadra computers. A/UX 3.0 741now includes X11R4 in it's distribution, including MacX. Installation of A/UX 742is much easier that it was before and can be installed on any 3rd party 743hard disk using the "new and improved" HD Setup application (see Q#44 though). 744 745=== 7463) What's the upgrade path for A/UX 3.0 747 748If you bought A/UX (2.0.1) after Oct. 31, 1991, you are entitled to a free 749upgrade to 3.0. See your dealer for details. In any case, no matter what 750version you have, you can upgrade to 3.0 by purchasing the A/UX 3.0 CD-ROM 751Product Upgrade (Apple part # MO599LL/B). 752 753It's recommended that if you do upgrade, that you completely repartition 754your disk via the Installer for two reasons: 755 756 1. The default (suggested) partition sizes have changed 757 758 2. You install 3.0 on a "clean" system. 759 760=== 7614) What Mac applications are compatible with A/UX? 762 763It would be to list the applications that aren't compatible (the list is 764much, much shorter)... 765 766The _vast_ majority of applications that run under System 7 will run under 767A/UX 3.0. In fact, before System 7 was released, A/UX 2.0.x was actually a 768good litmus test whether the application was 32-bit clean and would run under 769System 7. The only applications that are _sure_ to fail are those that try 770to access hardware _directly_, such as HD utilities or backup applications. 771A/UX 3.0 provides both 24 and 32-bit modes, so if the application doesn't 772run under 32-bit mode, try it under 24-bit. 773 774=== 7755) Can I use my Teac|DC2000|DC6000|DAT|etc tape drive under A/UX? 776 777A/UX 3.0's 'tc' device driver (version 1.40) officially and totally supports 778the following tape drives: 779 780 Qualstar 9 track 781 Archive 4mm DAT 782 Archive QIC 783 Teac DCAS 600 784 Exabyte 8500 <<ED: no go with the 8200s>> 785 DC2000 786 787Please note that all the devices except for the Qualstar 9-tracks require 7888k-blocking when used through 'tc'. This means you will need to use 'tcb' 789or 'tbb' as a filter ('dd' will also work during reading). You should 790also specify 8k blocking (or a multiple thereof) when using dump.bsd. 791 792To fill possible holes, Tony Cooper (tony@marc.cri.nz) has written 793a streaming tape driver ('st') that supports the following drives: 794 795 Teac MT-2ST/N50 (Micro/Tape MT-155) 796 Tandberg TDC 3800 (Micro/Tape MT-320) 797 Tandberg TDC 3660 (Micro/Tape MT-150) 798 WangDAT Model 1300 (Micro/Tape MT-1300) 799 800It also will probably drive other drives of the same model as the MicroNet 801drives (eg it seems to work for all TEAC MT-2ST/N50's whether MicroNet or 802not) and will drive Exabyte and GigaTape helical scan drives. Please note 803that 'st' is a demo, and thus has a built-in expire date. 804*** PLEASE NOTE: 'st' _has_ expired and no new version is likely. *** 805 806Tony has also written a VERY nice double-buffering copier that greatly 807increases the speed of backups; it's called 'tbb.' It works quite nicely 808with 'st' and 'tc' (assuming the correct blocking factors)... 809 810The device driver (as well as 'tbb') is available via anonymous ftp on 811jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov under pub/st.drivers. 812 813Craig Ruff (cruff@ncar.ucar.edu) has written a Teac device driver also, which 814works with both the 150 MB and 60 MB drives. You get the complete source so you 815may "adjust" the driver if you want for other drives. 816 817The Teac driver is available via anonymous ftp of jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. 818 819Jim Jagielski has created a replacement for 'tc' to fix some of version 1.4's 820bugs as well as to provide support for the WangDAT 1300/2600, Cipher, 821SONY SDT-4000/2000, WangTEK and HP DAT drives. It also works with the 822|Exabyte 8200s as well as having some nice features. The driver is "currently" 823at version 3.20 and is available via anon-ftp on jagubox (If needed, it can 824be Emailed). This version is a replacement for 'tc' (it also includes a 825replacement for 'mt' and some man pages as well). 826 827%%% For more information about 'st', please contact Tony via E-mail %%% 828%%% For more information about 'teac', please contact Craig via E-mail %%% 829%%% For more information about 'tc', please contact Jim via E-mail %%% 830 831=== 8326) How come rn|elm|less|etc... acts weird concerning signals? Mainly, their 833 support of job-control is less than perfect. 834 835Well, it's not really them at all. Many people have found that more than a few 836ports require the addition of the 'set42sig()' call to enable BSD 4.2 signal 837delivery. The best place to add this is as the 1st executable statement under 838 839 "main() {" 840 841Another point about porting applications: A/UX's 'cc' does provide "strict" 842BSD, SystemV and Posix libraries. If you are porting a BSD program, you can 843enable BSD "emulation" by adding the "-ZB -lbsd" options to your 'cc' command 844line. In fact, using just the '-lbsd' option alleviates the need for adding 845the 'set42sig()' call mentioned above and is, in many cases, the suggested 846option. Compiling with gcc 2.3.1 also helps out a great deal. 847 848=== 8497) What screen-savers are compatible with A/UX? 850 851Moire (ver. 3.22) works quite well under A/UX (2&3), even under the Login 852AfterDark (2.0u and later) also works but some displays may not have 853enough memory under Login so the "low-memory" display will be used. 854 855Moire and FMbackup seem a bit incompatible. They both function 856fine together but the combination prevents FMbackup's "Finishing up..." 857window from displaying, although FMbackup does, in fact, finish up. 858 859Darkside is also available. Unlike other screen savers, Darkside is an 860application, not an INIT. This means it won't work under the Login screen. 861The latest version of Darkside is 3.1.1 and will _not_ work on Pre-System7 862systems, so don't attempt to use this under A/UX 2.0.1. 863 864Moire is available via anon-ftp on jagubox. 865 866=== 8678) Is X11R5 available for A/UX? 868 869Yes! Thomas Eberhardt (thomas@mathematik.uni-Bremen.de) has ported X11R5 and 870the binaries (which includes full shared libraries) for A/UX are available via 871anon-ftp on wuarchive.wustl.edu under systems/aux/X11R5 (our overseas friends 872should get it from ftp.uni-stuttgart.de due to US Export regs). Patches for 873X11R5 compiled with gcc are also available. It looks like it results in a nice 87410-20% increase in performance! Thomas has "taken over" X11R5 with his new 875port; John Coolidge used to do it... 876 877%%% For more information about X11R5 for A/UX, E-mail Thomas %%% 878 879=== 8809) I've noticed that FSF GNU doesn't support A/UX. Does that mean I'll 881 miss out on all the neat Gnu-stuff like gcc? 882 883Although it's true that FSF is "boycotting" Apple and A/UX, ports of most Gnu- 884applications are available. Of particular interest is gcc version 2.3.1 which 885has been ported by John Coolidge (coolidge@apple.com) and is available via 886anon-ftp on wuarchive.wustl.edu in systems/aux/gnu. The binaries, sources 887and diffs are all available. 888 889GCC version 2.3.1 for A/UX has been ported and is available... Highly 890recommended! 891 892As a nice compliment to using GCC, gdb (4.6) is also available, thanks to 893Thomas Eberhardt (thomas@mathematik.uni-Bremen.de). It's also available 894on wuarchive. 895 896%%% For more info about gcc for A/UX, please contact John via E-mail %%% 897%%% For more info about gdb for A/UX, please E-mail Thomas %%% 898 899=== 90010) I have an EtherNet card that works fine under the Macintosh operating 901 system but not under A/UX. Why? 902 903The reason is because to access the card (which is seen as a device by A/UX), 904you need an A/UX device driver for it. This is NOT the same as the stuff you 905had to install under the MacOS for it to work. Now A/UX includes drivers 906for the Apple EtherNet card (they aren't installed by default though), but 907they don't work with most of the 3rd party cards except for the 3Com "EtherLink 908NB" and Asante "MacCon" cards. They are 100% register compatible with their 909Apple counterparts, so you can use Apple's 'ae' driver with them. Drivers for 910the EtherPort II cards are available via anon-ftp on jagubox. However, the 911drivers for the "old" EPII cards (full length) only support TCP/IP (they 912were written for A/UX 1.1 but will work under 2.0.x). As far as other cards 913are concerned, you will have to ask the vendor for A/UX drivers for it. 914 915Please note that there have been numerous reports about problems with the 916EtherPortII cards, A/UX and the IIfx and IIsi... you are warned :) 917 918=== 91911) Can I use my scanner under A/UX? 920 921A/UX 3.0 fully supports the Apple OneScanner as well as providing better 922support for SCSI devices. A/UX will still use its own SCSI driver, however. 923 924=== 92512) How come my Login screen is gray, not color? 926 927Because that's the way Apple wanted it :) Actually, the reason why is 928because the 'scrn' resource is missing from 'System' in /mac/sys/Login System 929Folder. If you're handy, you can copy 'scrn' from some other System and 930paste it in Login's using ResEdit. Make sure the "Is Color" field in 'scrn' 931is "1". 932 933Of course, maybe you have a gray-scale monitor... 934 935=== 93613) Even though I have lot's of swap space and only a little bit is 937 being used, I STILL get a lot of messages saying that my swap 938 space is running low. What the buzz? 939 940Unix is justifyably concerned about having adequate swap space. A system crash 941caused by this beast is a sight to behold. However, A/UX seems EXTREMELY 942nervous about the amount needed before it starts getting fidgety. If you do 943a "/etc/swap -l" and see that you're only using a small portion of your swap 944space and have a "lot" left, then you can safely ignore the messages (just how 945much is a "lot" is hard to say, but if you have 25000 blocks and are only using 9461000 or 2000, then I'd say you were fine). If you DO need more swap space, 947then you have a few options: 948 949 a. Using 'kconfig', reduce the number and size of buffers. 950 This isn't really a good idea since it could really degrade 951 performance as well as possibly causing more panics. 952 953 b. Add more swap space. 954 Fine, if you have it. You could either add another disk 955 as swap (nice) or repartition your present disk to create 956 a larger Swap partition (Ack!). 957 958 c. Add more memory. 959 If you have more memory, then this will reduce the need to 960 augment it with swap space... RAM's cheap too! 961 962=== 96314) How can I copy a complete file system from one disk|partition to 964 another? 965 966You have three options: dd, dump.bsd and cpio (pax MAY work but tar won't since 967it won't handle special-type files). If the two partitions are the same size, 968you can use 'dd' (to copy c0d0s0 to c5d0s3, e.g.): 969 970 $ dd < /dev/rdsk/c0d0s0 > /dev/rdsk/c5d0s3 971 972To use dump.bsd, you can use the following command (this assumes that the 973destination disk in mounted on /mnt and you want to copy the root file system 974which is on SCSI 0... of course, you must be root and it would be MUCH better 975to do this in single-user mode): 976 977 $ dump.bsd 0f - /dev/rdsk/c0d0s0 | (cd /mnt; restore xf -) 978 979To use cpio, you must use it in a pipe with find. For example, to copy /usr 980(let's assume it's on it's own file system) to another disk|partition (assume 981it's mounted on /mnt) then you can use (you can add the "-depth" flag to 982'find' if you want): 983 984 $ cd /usr 985 $ find . -print | cpio -pdmuva /mnt 986 987The problem with this is that if the mount point of the destination disk 988falls under the file system's directory you're trying to copy, you'll load 989up your destination disk. For example, the following would NOT work: 990 991 $ cd / 992 $ find . -print | cpio -pdmuva /mnt 993 994because 'find' would see the stuff in /mnt (which you just put in there) and 995try to copy in back to /mnt! To way to avoid this is by adding a little filter: 996 997 $ cd / 998 $ find . -print | grep -v '^./mnt*' | cpio -pdmuva /mnt 999 1000If you have GNU find, then you can use it with it's '-xdev' option, which 1001prevents find from walking through other file systems: 1002 1003 $ cd / 1004 $ find . -xdev -print | cpio -pdmuva /mnt 1005 1006dump.bsd creates a "truer" copy of your file system (the access and 1007modification dates aren't mucked with... with the find/cpio pipe, at the 1008least the directory dates are touched) but it won't backup named pipes... 1009 1010=== 101115) What's with UUCP? 1012 1013UUCP under 3.0 is very improved over it's previous "incarnation" under 2.0.1. 10143.0 uses HDB (for HoneyDanBer) UUCP instead of standard UUCP. Some nice 1015things are bidirectional getty (also known as uugetty in other Unixs) which 1016allows both incoming and outgoing communication over serial lines as well as 1017better performance and reliability. I hear that setting it up is _much_ easier 1018as well. 1019 1020You may seriously consider getting Alexis Rosen's "sendmail.cf" file for use 1021under UUCP sendmail. This config file has been modified to allow UUCP and 1022+sendmail to work beautifully together. You may also want to consider simply 1023+installing smail to replace sendmail. 1024 1025Be sure that you are running the latest version: 1.16. It can be found on 1026+aux.support.apple.com in aux.patches/supported/3.0. Be sure that dial.o 1027+is NOT replaced in libc.a and libc_s.a to avoid breaking syslog. 1028 1029=== 103016) How can I log anonymous ftp entries? in.ftpd has a -l option, 1031 but it doesn't work. 1032 1033Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) has hacked in.ftpd to enable 1034logging via the syslogd daemon. It also pays extra close attention to anonymous 1035ftp logins. It's available (as well as other ports|hacks) on jagubox. 1036 1037%%% For more info, contact Jim %%% 1038 1039=== 104017) I'm trying to use a SyQuest drive under A/UX but it refuses to work. 1041 I keep on getting a "more data than device expected" error message. 1042 What's wrong? 1043 1044The "problem" is with the generic SCSI disk driver under A/UX. For SCSI drives, 1045there are certain parameters that may be adjusted by the user; these parameters 1046are grouped in "pages." One such page concerns how the disk responds to and 1047recovers from errors: the Error Recovery Page. A/UX expects the parameters in 1048this page to have certain values. Now the vast majority of SCSI disks have 1049the values set as expected, but this isn't the case with SyQuest drives. There 1050is one parameter (PER) which is opposite than expected by A/UX. When A/UX trys 1051to set this value to what it wants, however, the SyQuest drive reads this 1052"request" wrong (the request is 16 bytes but the SyQuest only reads 4) so 1053the SCSI Manager reports the error. 1054 1055Tony Cooper (tony@marc.cri.nz) has written a Mac application 1056which sets the Error Page values correctly: Fix Error Page. This application 1057must be used under the MacOS. It can be found on rascal.ics.utexas.edu as well 1058as on aux.support.apple.com (aux.patches/unsupported/2.0). You can also use the 1059FWB Hard Disk Toolkit - World Control Application to enable the PER bit in 1060the recovery page (Page #1). 1061 1062By the by, here is the /etc/disktab entry for SyQuest: 1063 1064 # SyQuest disk 1065 # 1066 Syquest|syquest|S45:\ 1067 :ty=winchester:ns#34:nt#2:nc#1275: 1068 1069=== 107018) I'm unable to start a getty process on a built-in serial port. When 1071 I use 'setport' to enable the port, I get a "no such device" error. 1072 Configuring /etc/inittab to respawn getty on the port has no effect. 1073 1074AppleTalk is probably enabled for the port. The getty process can be started 1075temporarily by turning off AppleTalk via A/UX's Finder Chooser and THEN 1076using the 'setport' command. 1077 1078You can permanently disable AppleTalk by reconfiguring the kernel with 1079"newconfig noappletalk". If you wish to keep the drivers installed in the 1080kernel but still want to "permanently" disable AppleTalk, you can edit 1081/etc/startup to prevent AppleTalk from initializing and /etc/inittab can be 1082editted to start getty. (NOTE: /etc/startup is regenerated by newconfig so 1083you'll have to redo this if you reconfigure the kernel). 1084 1085If you don't have an EtherTalk card installed, then you can also modify 1086/etc/appletalkrc to point to "ethertalk0" instead of "localtalk0". Doing this 1087stops AppleTalk from bothering the serial port because it tries to use 1088the non-existant card. 1089 1090=== 109119) I am using and depending on /etc/hosts to do all my hostname resolving 1092 (i.e. not using named or /etc/resolv.conf). How come I can't mail 1093 to other hosts, but I can ping|ftp|etc... them? 1094 1095Well, the problem is actually with sendmail (in /usr/lib). sendmail (under 1096A/UX 2.0 and later) assumes the use of a nameserver. Pre-2.0 versions were 1097"adjusted" to look in /etc/hosts if any nameserver call failed (which it would 1098if it wasn't running, of course :). Jim Jagielski (jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov) 1099has hacked sendmail 5.65 for A/UX to allow it to also check /etc/hosts. The 1100source code is available via anon-ftp on jagubox. 1101 1102+You may also want to upgrade to smail 3.1.28. smail is a very powerful yet 1103+easy to configure (and maintain) replacement for sendmail. It can both 1104+query the NameServer as well as look in /etc/hosts to "interpret" hostnames. 1105+The required A/UX-related diffs and patches, which were written by Bob 1106+Denny (denny@alisa.com) are available on jagubox. 1107 1108%%% For more info, contact Jim %%% 1109 1110////////////////////// END OF PART 1 OF 2 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1111-- 1112 Jim Jagielski | "I'd keep playing... I don't think 1113 jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov | the heavy stuff's gonna come down 1114 NASA/GSFC, Code 734.4 | for quite a while." 1115 Greenbelt, MD 20771 | - Carl 1116 1117 1118From enterpoop.mit.edu!hri.com!ukma!news1.gsfc.nasa.gov!jagubox!jim Thu Feb 4 10:35:48 EDT 1993 1119Article: 27 of comp.unix.aux 1120Path: genome.wi.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!hri.com!ukma!news1.gsfc.nasa.gov!jagubox!jim 1121From: jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov (Jim Jagielski) 1122Newsgroups: comp.unix.aux,news.answers 1123Subject: Apple A/UX FAQ List (2/2) 1124Summary: Latest posting of FAQ for A/UX 1125Keywords: FAQ A/UX 1126Message-ID: <1408@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov> 1127Date: 2 Feb 93 18:12:11 GMT 1128Expires: Wed, 17 Feb 1993 00:00:00 GMT 1129References: <1407@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov> 1130Sender: usenet@skates.gsfc.nasa.gov 1131Reply-To: jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov (Jim Jagielski) 1132Followup-To: comp.unix.aux 1133Organization: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center 1134Lines: 828 1135Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu 1136Supersedes: <1385@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov> 1137Xref: genome.wi.mit.edu comp.unix.aux:27 news.answers:147 1138 1139Archive-name: aux-faq/part2 1140Last-modified: Tue Feb 2 13:05:56 EST 1993 1141 1142 This is the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list for A/UX 3.0 1143 1144\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ START OF PART 2 OF 2 ////////////////////// 1145 1146=== 114720) My MacOS partition mounts fine under MacOS but it doesn't show up 1148 under A/UX... Why? 1149 1150Whether or not a Mac partition mounts under A/UX depends on a number of 1151factors (possibly even including the phases of the moon and the color socks 1152you happen to be wearing)... Necessary conditions for a partition to mount are: 1153 1154 1. The disk MUST be partitioned using the "new" partitioning scheme 1155 detailed in Inside Macintosh V. There is still plenty of disk 1156 software out there that uses the "old" scheme and this drives will 1157 not mount under A/UX. Generic disk formatters that use the "new" 1158 scheme include SilverLining and FWB Hard Disk Toolkit. Most major 1159 disk vendors supply A/UX compatible formatting s/w. 1160 1161 2. The partition must mount under MacOS BEFORE A/UX is booted. A/UX 1162 only tries to mount partitions that were already when it was booted. 1163 So, if you use an application to boot A/UX and this application runs 1164 before a partition is mounted, A/UX won't mount it for you. If you 1165 have a removable drive (such as SyQuest), you must insert the disk 1166 before you boot A/UX... this means you can't swap cartridges under 1167 A/UX. 1168 1169It's possible that playing with 'pname' before starting the MacOS environment 1170may make more MacOS partitions readable... 1171 1172=== 117321) I've ported Elm (or other mail reader) and it doesn't seem to work. 1174 Why? 1175 1176It seems most likely that the reason is because they attempt to use a different 1177file locking scheme that /bin/mail does. Pre-3.0 versions of mail used 'flock' 1178style file locking. 3.0 now uses the '.lock' scheme for mail file locking. 1179Elm 2.4.X requires that both flock and .lock be enabled. Elm 2.3.X requires 1180_only_ .lock locking. 1181=== 118222) What 3-button mice work under A/UX (and X)? 1183 1184The Gravis SuperMouse is a 3-button mechanical mouse that is completely 1185configurable and compatible with A/UX. Mouse System's A-3 mouse is compatible 1186but is "hard-wired" configured for A/UX as: Left Button = Actual Mouse Button; 1187Middle Button = Left Arrow; Right Button = Right Arrow. There is also the 1188Logitech MouseMan. The general agreement is that the SuperMouse is your 1189best bet... At present, the Gravis SuperMouse, however, is not shipping 1190due to some technical problem. 1191 1192Please note that A/UX 2 & 3 only support a subset of the ADB Manager. Thus 1193there are a few ADB devices that may not work under A/UX. 1194 1195=== 119623) How come when I do a 'df' as a regular user, it shows me a different 1197 number of free blocks compared to when I run it as 'root'? 1198 1199One of the details about the BSD Fast File System is that it sets aside 10% of 1200the available disk space (by default... this value can be changed by using 1201the 'tunefs' command) and makes it unavailable to regular users. This 1202prevents 2 things: filling up a file system and destroying performance by 1203having a "too full" file system. 'root', however, does have access to this 1204"extra" disk space, hence the difference in the numbers reported by df between 1205'root' and "regular joe". 1206 1207Please note that if you used HD Setup to create the partitions (or your 1208A/UX came preinstalled), then the "set aside" value for these file systems 1209is 5%, not the default of 10%... This was simply to give users more space. 1210Reducing this value beyond 5% is Not A Good Idea. 1211 1212=== 121324) Does A/UX LocalTalk support IP? 1214 1215Nope... not at all. Maybe 3.0.1... 1216 1217=== 121825) How do I get MPW 3.1 to work? It hangs my system... 1219 1220MPW 3.1 doesn't work under A|UX 2.0 although 3.2 does. In the meantime, 1221you can make 3.1 work by breaking into MacsBug when it's hung and entering: 1222 1223 pc=pc+2;g 1224 1225See Q#31 for info about entering MacsBug... 1226 1227=== 122826) Can I refer to a file on my Mac system from within A/UX? 1229 1230A/UX's 'Finder' mode is the only way (currently) to access both file systems. 1231You could write a hybrid application that could attach to the Finder world (a 1232la, CommandShell and cmdo which can "see" both file systems), but you can't 1233access HFS volumes from the A/UX kernel directly. In a similar vein, you can't 1234'mount' an HFS volume on an A/UX inode. 1235 1236=== 123727) How can I adjust the amount of virtual memory available Finder uses? 1238 1239The default behavior under 3.0 is to set the amount of MacOS memory equal 1240to the total memory you have if possible (see below about 24-bit mode). 1241If you are low on swap, this can cause some strange behavior (although 1242you most probably won't get a panic message). To "fix" this, you may want 1243to decrease the memory size. 1244 1245The easiest way is to use the 'TBMEMORY' environment variable. You can set 1246it's "value" equal to the amount of memory you wish to use. For example: 1247 1248 set TBMEMORY=10m (in .profile for ksh or sh or /etc/profile) 1249 -or- 1250 setenv TBMEMORY 10m (in .login for csh) 1251 1252configures Finder for 10M. 1253 1254You can also edit /mac/bin/mac32|mac24 (or .mac32|.mac24 if you are using this 1255method) to call 'startmac' with the memory size you want using the "-m" option. 1256For example: 1257 1258 /mac/bin/startmac -m 8m > $SMLOGFILE 2>&1 & 1259 ------- 1260 1261in (.)mac32|(.)mac24 will configure an 8M environment. 1262 1263Please note that under the 24-bit mode (mac24), you can only access a maximum 1264of 8MB of RAM. It won't complain if you try to setup more, it just won't 1265do it. Furthermore, if you actually have more than 8MB (say 12), the "About 1266This Macintosh" window will show "Built-in Memory: 12,288 L; Total Memory: 12678,192 K". 1268 1269=== 127028) Is it worth getting a cache card for the IIci? 1271 1272Absolutely! The card makes an amazing difference in performance. However, this 1273performance increase is reduced when an external monitor is used. For more 1274information about extensive benchmarking with the IIci and cache cards, you 1275can snag the benchmarking results (which were generated by William Roberts) 1276via anon-ftp on redstar.dcs.qmw.ac.uk in archive/papers. 1277 1278=== 127929) How do I keep command lines that I edit with "backspace" from erasing 1280 the prompt? 1281 1282This behavior is due to the tty driver under A/UX. The BSD tty driver (which 1283A/UX doesn't use) handles this, whereas the SysV driver doesn't. If you are 1284running 'ksh' then you can "set -o viraw" to prevent this from happening. 1285As far as I know, there are no work-arounds for 'sh' or 'csh'. ('tcsh' and 1286'bash' do not suffer from this problem... ) 1287 1288=== 128930) When I try to mail something, I get the following error message: 1290 "Cannot read frozen config file: not a typewriter". What's wrong? 1291 1292This message is produced by sendmail (/usr/lib/sendmail) when it's frozen 1293configuration file (/usr/lib/sendmail.fc) is unusable (as it is in the A/UX 1294distribution which has it as a 0-byte file). To create a "new" frozen file 1295of your present sendmail.cf file (assuming that it's good), type: 1296 1297 $ /usr/lib/sendmail -bz 1298 1299(the sendmail daemon, if it exists, must be killed 1st). 1300 1301=== 130231a) I have MacsBug installed. How can I trigger it? 1303 -- or -- 130431b) Sometimes my MultiFinder environment (and/or CommandShell) freezes 1305 up; how can I unfreeze it? Should I hit the Interrupt switch? 1306 1307The "Command-Control-e" keypress will kill the current MultiFinder environment 1308and "unfreeze" (and kill) your MultiFinder|CommandShell. Depending on 1309whether your session-type is Console Mode or 32|24-Bit, you will either get 1310returned to the console or get returned to the Login screen. You should _NOT_ 1311press the Interrupt switch since this puts you into A/UX's kernel debugger. 1312If you have MacsBug installed (which is recommended) then you can press 1313"Command-Control-i" to enter it. This may enable you to clean some things up 1314before the MultiFinder environment is blasted (even just using 'rs' under 1315MacsBug helps...). If MacsBug is _not_ installed, the "C-C-i" behaves almost 1316like a "C-C-e" except that it appears that A/UX doesn't need to "rebuild" your 1317icon/Desktop "environment" the next time Mac-mode is entered. 1318 1319=== 132032) Is there an archive of comp.unix.aux out there somewhere? 1321 1322Yes, it's located on aux.support.apple.com under archives/comp.unix.aux. 1323 1324=== 132533) My site is not upgraded to EtherTalk Phase 2 yet... can I use Phase 1 1326 under A/UX? 1327 1328A/UX only supports EtherTalk Phase 2. Upgrading to Phase 2 is recommended for 1329a variety of reasons, but most importantly to ensure compatibility with 1330new products from Apple and developers (of course, the added features over 1331Phase 1 are nice too :). 1332 1333=== 133434) What languages are available for A/UX? 1335 1336A/UX comes with a C compiler ('cc'), a FORTRAN-77 compiler ('f77') as 1337well as an assembler ('as'), SNOBOL ('sno') and a kinda-basic interpreter 1338('bs'). 'cc' is a nice, stable, if not-too-quick compiler. 'f77' is a 1339true FORTRAN-77 compiler and appears quite workable. I've not used 'sno' 1340(I couldn't recall how to program in SNOBOL if my life depended on it :) 1341or 'bs'. 1342 1343If you are doing any work in C, then it would be well worth it to get a 1344copy of the GNU C compiler ('gcc') (see Q&A #9). gcc is K&R and ANSI 1345compatible so if you are doing ANSI work you'll need it. Apple also has an 1346ANSI C compiler ('c89') that you can buy. It's available on the "A/UX 1347Developer's Toolkit CD" from APDA. There is also at least one other 13483rd-party C compiler out there, but I can't recall it's name right 1349now. gcc is free; c89 runs about $800. Both include C++ capabilities. 1350 1351There are also 2 very good 3rd-party FORTRAN compilers: NKR FORTRAN 1352and Absoft MacFORTRAN II. In my opinion, MacFORTRAN II is the better 1353product... it has finer compiler control, a wide number of compatibility 1354options (such as VAX FORTRAN) and excellent speed. If you do order 1355MFII, be _sure_ to get the A/UX version. They also sell an MPW version 1356that will work under A/UX but it's run under, you guessed it, MPW. 1357The A/UX version is a true "Unix" compiler and it's optimized for A/UX. 1358Both MFII and NKR FORTRAN run about $500-$600. 1359 1360Oasys sells 3 compiler packages: C, C++ and FORTRAN. All the compilers 1361are based on the GreenHills compilers which are known to be robust and 1362fast. However, the Oasys packages are expensive, running about $2000 1363per language (although you do get assemblers and linker/loaders with 1364the package). Unisoft used to distribute their "Optimizing Compilers" 1365(FORTRAN and C) for A/UX, but they are no longer available... Pity, 1366because they also were based on GreenHills and were quite nice. 1367 1368At present, I know of no true Pascal compilers for A/UX. 1369 1370Finally, if you are doing program development, then you'll need a 1371good debugger. As described above in "List of ports...", Thomas Eberhardt 1372(thomas@mathematik.uni-Bremen.de) has ported gdb for A/UX, if you would 1373prefer using something other than sdb or dbx, which are included with 1374A/UX. If you are using FORTRAN, then Absoft also makes an excellent 1375debugger which has been fine-tuned to work with MFII (it also does quite 1376well with C); it's called FX. It has two interfaces, character and Motif, 1377and is quite powerful. 1378 1379=== 138035) How can I figure out the /etc/disktab entry for my hard disk? 1381 1382Many hard disk applications will reveal the disk drive geometry for you: 1383FWB Hard Disk ToolKit and SCSI Evaluator are very good (SilverLining is a bit 1384wrong on the number of tracks... it includes spares). What you are really 1385looking for are the total number of cylinders ('nc'), the number of sectors 1386per track ('ns') and the number of tracks ('nt'). Also, I'm maintaining 1387a list of /etc/disktab entries. If you have any, send it to me and I'll 1388add them. 1389 1390The file will be available via anon-ftp on jagubox. 1391<<ED: I need _LOTS_ of entries>> 1392 1393Just a note: the number of tracks ('nt') is equal to the number of heads. 1394 1395=== 139636) How come I can't use color under X? 1397 1398Apple's X (R4), and Thomas Eberhardt's X11R5 all support color. However, 1399you must start the server with the "-screen 0 -depth 8" option (similar 1400command with other screens if you have them). You can add these options to 1401the command line or to your server's defaults file. You can also create a 1402".X11" file in your home directory which includes the line: 1403 1404 X -screen 0 -depth 8 1405 1406to get the same effect. Make sure that ".X11" is executable for this to 1407work ("chmod 755 .X11"). 1408 1409=== 141037) What are Right-To-Copy and Right-To-Upgrade licenses? 1411 1412If you have bought at least one copy of A/UX 3.0 and you have other Mac CPUs 1413that you would like to install A/UX on, you don't need to reorder the entire 1414product. You can order a Right-To-Copy license for each Mac you want to 1415install A/UX on and then copy your A/UX to that Mac. This is cheaper than 1416buying a whole new CD-ROM package. It's not right to copy unless you have a 1417Right-To-Copy. 1418 1419If those other Macs are already running A/UX, but an older version, then you 1420need to order a Right-To-Upgrade license for each one you want to upgrade. 1421As above, you then copy your 3.0 over to that Mac. 1422 1423Note that in both cases, you must have purchased at least 1 copy of A/UX 3.0. 1424The Right-To-* licenses just "authorize" you to then copy that over to other 1425Macs. 1426 1427The A/UX Essential Manual Set (that comes with A/UX 3.0) is not provided with 1428either license. If you need more, you'll need to order them 1429 1430=== 143138) How do I set up my Mac and A/UX to enable remote logins via a modem 1432 on tty0? 1433 1434First of all, you must edit /etc/inittab to start getty on tty0 using mo_2400: 1435 1436 00:2:respawn:/etc/getty -u -t 60 tty0 mo_2400 1437 1438Make sure that your modem is set to be quiet, to not return result codes and 1439to not echo back. It must also reset on DTR being dropped ("atq1e0&d3" will 1440achieve this for most Hayes-compatible modems except certain (all) USR modems). 1441Your modem must also raise DCD on connection ("at&c1") in order to have 1442Dialup security (i.e. when the line is closed, HangUp the process. This means 1443that MODEM flow control must be specified in gettydefs). You then save these 1444changes using the "at&w" sequence. Finally, to make it autoanswer, be sure to 1445add "ats0=1&w". 1446 1447Make sure that the modem cable is correctly configured (NOTE: This is 1448for Dialup Security!): 1449 1450 Mac Modem 1451 -------------------- 1452 1 (HskO) 20 (DTR) 1453 4 (RTS) <- yep... it gets sent to Pin 20 & 4 1454 2 (HskI) 8 (DCD) 1455 3 (TxD-) 2 (TxD) 1456 4 (GDN) 7 (Sgnd) 1457 5 (RxD-) 3 (RxD) 1458 6 NO CONNECT 1459 7 NO CONNECT 1460 8 (RxD+) 7 (Sgnd) <- this is right, it gets tied to Mac pin 4 too. 1461 1462If you mess up pin 8 things can get so flaky that you'll never figure out 1463what's going on. You see, by grounding pin 8, you make the modem port 1464truly RS-232 compatible. If not grounded, the port will use the RS-422 1465standard, which can cause lots of problems. 1466 1467Please note that getty is the bidirectional version of getty, which is 1468sometimes known as uugetty. Thus, you can have dial in and dial out 1469at the same time on the same port. You should be using at least version 14701.16 of HDB (see above: "stuff that's broken" and Q&A 15) 1471 1472%%% For more info concerning modem|serial problems for A/UX, you really 1473 should contact Alexis Rosen (alexis@panix.com)... He's really worked 1474 this area... %%% 1475 1476=== 147739) How come I can't used 'talk' with some of the other Unix boxes out 1478 there, and they can't talk to me? 1479 1480The reason why is because there are two versions of talk (and it's daemon 1481talkd) out there. A/UX uses the BSD 4.2 version. Others use the 4.3 version. 1482The two aren't compatible and don't even talk on the same port. If you try 1483to talk to someone and all you get is a "Checking for invitation..." message 1484then it's because the machine you're trying to access is using 4.3. 1485 1486Steve Green (xrsbg@dirac.gsfc.nasa.gov) has ported the 4.3 versions of talk 1487and talkd (now renamed ntalk and ntalkd for A/UX) to overcome this snag. You 1488can have both versions available and running with no problems. The port is 1489available via anon-ftp on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1490 1491=== 149240) I'm having trouble transfering files between A/UX and my MacOS disk... 1493 Also, sometimes things get transfered fine, othertimes not. What's 1494 going on? 1495 1496If a file on the A/UX system has Type "TEXT", then when it is copied over to 1497a MacOS disk, all 'newline' characters will be replaced by 'carriage 1498returns'. Sometimes this is what you want (that is when the file is, in fact, 1499a TEXT file). Othertimes it's not. Say for example you download a GIF file 1500onto your A/UX disk. A/UX _might_ think it's a TEXT file. If you then copy 1501it over to your MacOS disk and try to use Giffer on it, it won't work. That's 1502because the 'nl's where changed, which is _not_ what you want. The way to 1503stop this is to convince A/UX that the file is of non-TEXT type. There are 1504many applications out there (including the A/UX included 'setfile' program) 1505that lets you modify this. Do this before you copy the file over to your Mac OS 1506disk and all will be Okay. If you aren't sure what the Type and Creator 1507should be, you can just specify "BIN " and "A/UX" (note space in BIN) and 1508the file won't be massaged during the copy|transfer. You'll still need 1509to eventually change them to the correct ones for their particular 1510application, but this way they'll be on your MacOS disk "uncorrupted." 1511 1512Of course, you could also use 'setfile' to set the Type|Creator fields _before_ 1513you copy the file to the MacOS disk and avoid an additional step. 1514 1515Please note that if you downloaded a BINHEX file, you _do_ want to keep 1516it as a TEXT file if you transfer it over to the MacOS. Once there, you 1517can de-BINHEX it and unStuffIt (if it was a binhexed stuffit archive). 1518 1519Please note that if you transfer Unix-type files (like tar archives or 1520compressed files) between the A/UX file system and a MacOS disk (esp. if 1521these files were "created" on a MacOS disk by a MacOS utility), the Unix 1522application may no longer work correctly with it. This is because the 1523MacOS resource information was attached to the file during the transfer 1524(the file is in Apple Single format). To "fix" this, use 'fcnvt' to change 1525the file to Apple Double format which will detach the resource fork and place 1526it into a "%..." file. 1527 1528See "Hints and Words of Wisdom" (above) for hints in using ftp file transfers 1529under A/UX. 1530 1531=== 153241) Using the command shell interface, I'm trying to access some Mac files 1533 (that have strange names) but I can't; the program returns an error and 1534 I can't access the file. What's going on? 1535 1536The problem is that sh and csh don't understand the Mac "special" characters 1537that are in the filenames. They don't expect filenames with characters that 1538are represented by 8-bits. ksh is "8-bit clean" and thus would be able to 1539access the file. For example, to remove Moire, just type: 1540 1541 $ ksh #this creates a Korn shell child 1542 % rm M?ire #match the weird 'o' 1543 % exit #get back in your old shell 1544 1545You could also use emacs' DIRED or the Gnu File utilities to do this, but ksh 1546is right here on the system so it's a bit easier. Of course, another very 1547easy way is to use the MacOS interface and do the deletion|rename|whatever 1548the "Mac" way. Please note that if what you are MacOS deleting is a 1549symbolic link to a directory, what gets Trashed is actually the contents 1550of the directory as well as the link! This is due to the fact that to 1551the Finder, the link looks like a folder, and the entire thing gets deleted. 1552 1553=== 155442) How can I reports bugs that I find? 1555 1556The official E-mail address is reports@aux.support.apple.com. If you 1557subscribe to the A/UX Technical AnswerLine, you can also use that method. The 1558former isn't acknowledged although the latter is. 1559 1560For completeness, also post the report to comp.unix.aux. 1561 1562There is also a HyperCard stack called "Apple Bug Reporter" that Apple 1563recommends using. I have a copy and can make it available via anon-ftp if 1564there is a demand. 1565 1566=== 156743) Which serial cards work under A/UX? 1568 1569<<ED: the following is based on info by Alexis Rosen and Paul Sander >> 1570 1571There are four cards that "work" with A/UX. The Apple serial card is NOT one 1572of them. 1573 1574The first is Paul Campell's Taniwha CommCard. This card does indeed work with 1575all versions of A/UX including 3.0. It has special support for UUCP. It has 1576a few mysterious and not very important problems. It's an excellent buy. The 1577only problem is, it's not on the market anymore. If you can get one used, 1578though, it's worth getting. The one downside is that, like Apple's ports, it 1579won't SIMULTANEOUSLY support modem and hardware flow control. It is immune to 1580many of the nasty bugs which affect the built-in serial ports, including the 1581two (at least) which can crash the kernel. 1582 1583+The second is the Digiboard Nu/Xi, which comes in 4 and 8 port versions. 1584+Although this card did not currently work well with A/UX, new drivers for 1585+it have been coded and are available. This version of the drivers (3.2.0) 1586+however doesn't currently work with CSlip but otherwise works great, according 1587+to DigiBoard (A new release may be forthcoming). To obtain the drivers, call 1588+Technical Support at 612-943-9020. If you'd like to contact the main engineer 1589+responsible for the drivers, contact Brian Westley at the following Email 1590+addresses: 1591+ merlyn@digibd.com 1592+ ...uunet!digibd!merlyn 1593+ AppleLink D1692 1594 1595The 3rd is the Applied Engineering QuadraLink serial card. "I" have the drivers 1596but have never had the chance to test them. However, I'm not too comfortable 1597with the idea of using them, for two reasons. First, the author of the drivers 1598knows fairly little about A/UX or unix in general. Second, the driver code is 1599based on Apple code. Apple has been (at least until 3.0 comes out) completely 1600incapable of writing serial drivers for their own hardware, so I'm not too 1601confident in usig their code as a base for someone else's drivers. BUT!!! - 1602as I said, "I" haven't used them. And at least one person who has, has not 1603reported trouble. So they're OK, at least for light use (which is sort of true 1604for the Apple ports as well). "I" just wouldn't bet a commercial project on 1605it. 1606 1607The AE QuadraLink card, like the CommCard and the Apple ports, can't do both 1608hardware handshaking and modem control at the same time. No hardware patch 1609kit will be developed for the AE card... 1610 1611The AE QuadraLink DMA isn't any better. 1612 1613The fourth is the MaraThon MultiComm card from Dove. It comes with three 1614serial ports and a parallel port. The first serial port is a DB-25, the 1615second is a DB-9 (AT compatible), and the third is configurable DB-25 or 1616RS-422. The parallel port is also AT-compatible. "I" haven't had trouble 1617with the serial ports, though "I" have had only terminals connected to them. 1618The parallel driver has an infuriating bug in which occasionally the end 1619of a printout is lost. (The workaround is to print a short dummy file after 1620anything important.) A/UX drivers come separately from the card, but they 1621are free. 1622 1623Dove's technical support is pretty poor. When "I" got the card, "I" had them 1624send the A/UX drivers. When "I" discovered the bug, "I" reported it, and got 1625an "update," which contained the exact same software (proven using cmp to 1626compare the cpio archives on their media). Repeated calls were either 1627unanswered, or were not returned. "I" finally gave up after some 6 months 1628of frustration. To make the story complete, they used to have an 800 1629number for technical support, but it was discontinued 3 months into this 1630saga. 1631 1632=== 163344) I heard the the Installer for 3.0 works on "any" 3rd party hard disk. 1634 Well, it doesn't on mine! 1635 1636Well, the Installer will work with any 3rd party disk but there are a few 1637wrinkles... The HD Setup application in the 3.0 Installer is unique in that 1638not only does it create A/UX partitions but it also creates the actual file 1639systems in those partitions (basically it runs 'newfs'). Now if you have 1640used some other HD utility program (such as SilverLining or FWB HDT) to 1641create the partitions and then attempt to install A/UX on that disk, the 1642Installer sees that the partitions are there and then _assumes_ that they 1643were created by HD Setup and therefore have the file systems already created. 1644Of course, the file systems don't exist yet, just the partitions, so the 1645installation fails. 1646 1647You have a few options: 1648 1649 a. Run the Installer on a newly formatted disk. This means that HD Setup 1650 will do all the partitioning (etc...) and the installation will 1651 proceed. Note that this means you will be "stuck" with the Apple drivers 1652 whenever you are in the _real_ MacOS Finder. 1653 1654 b. If you want to use the drivers on your HD utility (for stuff like, 1655 maybe, password protection of partitions) then you have two (maybe 1656 three) additional options: 1657 1658 i. Use 'a' above to install A/UX. Then use your HD utility program to 1659 "take over" the disk, disabling (or even removing) the Apple drivers 1660 and installing it's own. Note that if there isn't enough space to 1661 install it's drivers, most will attempt to "shrink" the MacOS 1662 partition to make room. Most can do this with no problem, but why 1663 take the risk... when you partition the disk, leave about 64K 1664 available as free space. 1665 1666 ii. Use your HD utility to create the partitions. Then, before you 1667 run the Installer, run 'newfs' "by hand" to create the file systems 1668 so that the installation can proceed. 1669 1670 iii. Use your HD utility to format (etc...) your disk and create 1671 _only_ the MacOS partition. Now run the Installer. In most cases 1672 HD Setup will work fine with the driver installed on the disk. 1673 You can now use it to create the A/UX partitions. 1674 1675 <<ED: I _know_ this (iii) works with FWH HDT 1.1.x>> 1676 1677=== 167845) I'm using a LaserWriter IIg with A/UX 3.0 and whenever I print some- 1679 thing to it through 'lpr', the first line of the page is cut off. Why? 1680 1681This only shows up on versions of the IIg (and IIf) with less than 5MB RAM. 1682The reason is because this makes the LW default to PhotoGrade-mode. You can do 16832 things to fix this: 1684 1685 1. Using the LaserWriter Utility program, disable PhotoGrade. 1686 Since one of the main advantages of these LW's is PhotoGrade, 1687 this option is kinda unpalatable. 1688 1689 2. If you are _only_ using "Letter" mode under 'lpr', then you 1690 can edit /usr/lib/ps/pstext.pro to include the following line 1691 between "% RCSID:..." and "/StartPage...": 1692 1693 %!PS-Adobe-1.0 1694 % Z%Copyright Apple Computer 1987\tVersion 1.1 of pstext.pro on\ 1695 87/05/04 19:02:25 1696 %%Creator: pstext 1697 %%DocumentFonts: Courier 1698 % RCSID: $Header: pstext.pro,v 2.1 85/11/24 12:19:55 shore Rel $ 1699 =====>>>>>letter 1700 /StartPage{/sv save def 48 760 moveto}def 1701 1702This will fix the problem and make it usable again. 1703 1704=== 170546) Whenever I try to run xinit (or startx) from the CommandShell I get 1706 a fatal server error. Why? 1707 1708The reason why is because both X and the CommandShell want _complete_ control 1709over your Mac (display, keyboard and mouse). So, when you try to start one 1710while running the other, you'll get into trouble. You need to start X either 1711from the Console Emulator Mode or by choosing it as your "session type" from 1712the Login screen (This session type will be available only if your installed 1713Apple's X or have installed John Coolidge's 'sessiontypes' for X11R5). 1714 1715=== 171647) I'm trying to access my tape drive using 'tc' (with something like 1717 "find . -print | cpio -o > /dev/rmt/tc1") but it doesn't work... 1718 1719Except for 9-track magtapes, all I/O to tape drives associated with the 1720'tc' device files _must_ be blocked at 8k. The 'tcb' program does just 1721that so that should be included. For example, to write: 1722 1723 $ find . -print | cpio -o | tcb > /dev/rmt/tc1 1724 1725And to read: 1726 1727 $ tcb < /dev/rmt/tc1 | cpio -i 1728 1729You can get better performance if you increase the buffer size (just make 1730sure that it's a multiple of 8k). For example, you could use 'dd' as 1731your blocking filter with a 'bs=10x8k'. 1732 1733Jim Jagielski's replacement for 'tc' allows for 'tc' to use the 1734tape drive's own physical block size as the logical block size 1735for I/O. Doing so results in a noticeable performance hit and it 1736isn't recommended for normal use. Use the "mode" _ONLY_ if you 1737need to read tapes written by 'st' or by another platform. Please 1738note you are still limited to an I/O block size of at least the 1739physical block size, which can be anything for 512 to 1024 to 8192 bytes. 1740 1741%%% For more information about 'tc', please contact Jim via E-mail %%% 1742 1743=== 174448) What CD-ROM drives are compatible with A/UX 3.0? 1745 1746Of course, the Apple CD-ROM drive is 100% compatible with A/UX. The following 1747are also known to be 100% compatible (meaning you can use them to install 1748A/UX as well as when running A/UX): 1749 1750 The Toshiba XM3201B and XM3301B 1751 DEC RRD42 1752 Sun CD-ROM (Sony CDU-8012?) 1753 CD-Technologies Porta-Drive CD-ROM 1754 Chinon CDA-431 1755 1756=== 175749) Do I install CDEVs and Extensions in the System Folder on MacPartition 1758 or on the "/" A/UX disk. 1759 1760To install these additions to A/UX, you will need to drag-copy them over 1761to the A/UX System Folder. Usually, this is /mac/sys/System Folder on 1762the "/" disk but it will also "appear" in your "home folder" icon. 1763 1764=== 176550) I heard that A/UX requires a special version of System 7 to boot... 1766 Is this true? 1767 1768A lot of people believe this but this is not true. There is no difference 1769between the s/w on the MacPartition partition and the "real" System 7. 1770The only _real_ need for MacPartition is that the disk where A/UX Startup 1771lives is where A/UX Startup looks for the A/UX Root partition. When A/UX 1772Startup launches, it looks at "it's" disk and then looks for A/UX partitions 1773on that disk. This means that you _don't_ need to boot-up from the 1774MacPartition disk to boot A/UX. Start your Mac from your standard Startup 1775disk and just double-click on A/UX Startup on the MacPartition icon. 1776 1777You can even do without the MacPartition disk but telling A/UX Startup 1778the exact SCSI number of the A/UX disk. You can do this a couple of ways: 1779 1780 1. create a ROOT variable in A/UX Startup that points to the 1781 root partition in this form: (SCSI-ID, 0, 0) 1782 1783 2. Under the General Preferences menu, change the Root Directory 1784 to (SCSI-ID, 0, 0). 1785 1786The "device" file /dev/default points to the SCSI-ID of whatever disk is the 1787MacPartition disk, so if you don't have one, you need to tell A/UX Startup 1788it's "real" name. This is kinda messy since you'll need to preface a lot 1789of stuff with this value: e.g. 1790 1791 #startup cat (6,0,0)/etc/inittab 1792 1793=== 179451) I've tried to install the CD Remote extension to A/UX so that 1795 I can play audio CD's, but it doesn't work... 1796 1797At present, A/UX will not allow you to play your audio CD's on a CD-ROM 1798drive, so don't attempt to install the CD Remote extension (see below #52). 1799 1800=== 180152) What CD-ROM formats does A/UX support? 1802 1803A/UX supports ISO file system format CD-ROMs. The catch is that A/UX only 1804supports ISO in the MacOS mode (i.e. you can't 'mount' the CD-ROM as an 1805UNIX file system). To allow this, you'll need to copy 3 Mac files to 1806the System Folder that's active when you want to use ISO CD-ROMs. The files, 1807which must be obtained from the Apple CD-ROM Software Disk (vers. 3.2 or 1808later) are: ISO 9660 File Access, High Sierra File Access and Foreign 1809File Access (the latter is an Extension). Logging out of the MacOS mode 1810and then logging back in will "complete" the installation. Do _not_ 1811install the Apple CD-ROM extension, since it is built into A/UX. 1812 1813Again, please note that A/UX will not recognize _any_ of the audio 1814capability of CD-ROMs. 1815 1816=== 181753) How can I add printers other than those available via the Chooser? 1818 1819<<ED: From a post by Antonio Ordonex (antonio@apple.com)>> 1820 1821If the printer is in another zone, it is necessary to define the zone in 1822which the printer is located with a full path name. You can then 1823"hardwire" a printer name including the zone for a particular printer 1824queue. 1825 1826The best way to do this is to make a copy the /usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk 1827directory and give it a name related to the printer we want to use. Modify 1828the file ifilter/ofilter/nfilter (it is the same file with 3 hard links) 1829in this directory. Also modyfy the /etc/printcap file to create a new 1830printer queue. 1831 1832I will use my system as an example so please modify to reflect your 1833situation. 1834 1835The first thing to do is to create the new directory and put the correct 1836files in it. NOTE that I am using mknod to create the pipe file. 1837 1838mkdir Idaho 1839chown daemon Idaho 1840chgrp daemon Idaho 1841cp AppleTalk/ifilter Idaho/ifilter 1842cd Idaho 1843ln ifilter ofilter 1844ln ofilter nfilter 1845mknod pipe p 1846chown daemon * 1847chgrp daemon * 1848 1849In my case I have a printer called "Idaho Spooler" in the zone "SCV CAM2 18502nd W" while my system is on the zone "SCV CAM2 2nd E", so all I do is to 1851modify the /usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ifilter file (you can use vi or 1852TextEditor) 1853and change the line that defines the value for Printer from 1854 1855Printer=`basename "cwd"` 1856 -to- 1857Printer="Idaho Spooler:LaserWriter@SCV CAM2 2nd W" 1858 1859In the /etc/printcap file I copy the entry for AppleTalk (all six lines) 1860and change any reference to AppleTalk to the name I used for my new 1861directory. Again, in my case I used "Idaho" as the directory name so my 1862/etc/printcap file looks like 1863 1864# 1865# pragma ident "@(#)lpr:printcap 5.4 90/03/27 " 1866# 1867# Copyright 1990 Apple Computer, Inc. 1868# All Rights Reserved. 1869## 1870# Remote AppleTalk printer (selected by Chooser) 1871# For an AppleTalk printer which doesn't support PostScript remove last 2 1872names. 1873lp|at|AppleTalk|postscript|PostScript:\ 1874 :lp=/dev/null:\ 1875 :if=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/ifilter:\ 1876 :of=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/ofilter:\ 1877 :nf=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/nfilter:\ 1878 :sd=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk: 1879lp2|Idaho:\ 1880 :lp=/dev/null:\ 1881 :if=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ifilter:\ 1882 :of=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ofilter:\ 1883 :nf=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/nfilter:\ 1884 :sd=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho: 1885 1886After all these steps are completed restart the printer queue with the 1887command 1888 1889lpc restart all 1890 1891Now you should be able to send a print job to the printer in the other 1892zone 1893with the command 1894 1895lpr -Plp2 /etc/passwd 1896 1897or 1898 1899lpr -PIdaho /etc/passwd 1900 1901Hope this helps 1902 1903=== 190454) After the Mac environment crashes (or when I use MacsBug), the 1905 Desktop gets all screwed up... Argg!! 1906 1907Ron Flax of Apple (ron@afsg.apple.com) has written a very useful System 1908Extension called FMbackup that creates backup copies of "valuable" Desktop 1909files. When the MacOS-mode is entered, FMbackup restores these files. Thus, 1910when your MacOS "crashes", you no longer need to rebuild the Desktop 1911or reset all your Icons, window "types", etc... Please note that there 1912seems to be some incompatibilty between FMbackup and Moire and 1913QuickMail 2.5.1. 1914 1915FMbackup (1.0.4) is available via anon-ftp on afsg.apple.com as well as 1916aux.support.apple.com (in "unsupported"). 1917 1918%%% For more information about "FMbackup", please contact Ron via E-mail %%% 1919 1920== 192155) My MacOS partition(s) only show up on the Desktop when I login 1922 as root. Why? 1923 1924Under the Preferences/General Menu of A/UX Startup, there is a radio-box 1925called "Password checking". This is intended to provide some security for 1926the A/UX Startup application. When enabled, two (default) things happen: 1927 1928 1. A/UX Startup requires a password to open. 1929 2. MacOS partition(s) are only mounted for root login. 1930 1931Thus, to enable MacOS partition(s) to be available for all users, you must 1932disable "Password checking". See auxstartuprc(4) for more info. 1933 1934== 193556) For some reason, my CommandShell only responds to a keyboard 1936 event after it receives a second event. For example, typing "a" 1937 won't show until I type something else or click the mouse. 1938 What gives? 1939 1940This is caused almost 99% of the time by an Extension|CDEV conflict. The 1941way around this is to selectively disable each one at a time and see which 1942one causes the problem... then delete it. "Wild Magic" is prone to do this 1943as are older versions of CEToolbox. 1944 1945== 194657) Can A/UX 3.0 run System 7.1? 1947 1948A/UX 3.0's MacOS interface is based on System 7.0.1. You cannot install 1949Sys 7.1 on A/UX (meaning you can't make A/UX run Sys 7.1) since there are 1950a few system files that are fine-tuned and modified to work under A/UX. 1951These would get overwritten if you tried to install 7.1 and you'd be 1952out of luck. Please recall that this doesn't mean that you can't have 7.1 1953installed on your MacPartition, to be used when in MacOS-only mode. It just 1954means that you can't have A/UX run 7.1. 1955 1956A version of A/UX that runs 7.1 is expected sometime this year... maybe around 1957the summer. 1958== 1959////////////////////// END OF PART 2 OF 2 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1960 1961 1962-- 1963 Jim Jagielski | "I'd keep playing... I don't think 1964 jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov | the heavy stuff's gonna come down 1965 NASA/GSFC, Code 734.4 | for quite a while." 1966 Greenbelt, MD 20771 | - Carl 1967 1968 1969