1 /**** BSIM4.5.0 Released by Xuemei (Jane) Xi 07/29/2005 ****/
2 
3 /**********
4  * Copyright 2005 Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5  * File: b4check.c of BSIM4.5.0.
6  * Author: 2000 Weidong Liu
7  * Authors: 2001- Xuemei Xi, Mohan Dunga, Ali Niknejad, Chenming Hu.
8  * Project Director: Prof. Chenming Hu.
9  * Modified by Xuemei Xi, 04/06/2001.
10  * Modified by Xuemei Xi, 10/05/2001.
11  * Modified by Xuemei Xi, 11/15/2002.
12  * Modified by Xuemei Xi, 05/09/2003.
13  * Modified by Xuemei Xi, 03/04/2004.
14  * Modified by Xuemei Xi, 07/29/2005.
15  * Modified by Holger Vogt, 12/21/2020.
16  **********/
17 
18 #include "ngspice/ngspice.h"
19 #include "ngspice/cktdefs.h"
20 #include "bsim4v5def.h"
21 #include "ngspice/trandefs.h"
22 #include "ngspice/const.h"
23 #include "ngspice/sperror.h"
24 #include "ngspice/devdefs.h"
25 #include "ngspice/suffix.h"
26 #include "ngspice/wordlist.h"
27 #include "ngspice/cpextern.h"
28 
29 /* Check for correctness of the BSIM4.5 parameters:
30    If parameter excursions are found, put the warning or error message into a wordlist.
31    Only then open a file bsim4v5.out and print the data into the file. */
32 int
BSIM4v5checkModel(BSIM4v5model * model,BSIM4v5instance * here,CKTcircuit * ckt)33 BSIM4v5checkModel(
34 BSIM4v5model *model,
35 BSIM4v5instance *here,
36 CKTcircuit *ckt)
37 {
38     struct bsim4v5SizeDependParam *pParam;
39     int Fatal_Flag = 0;
40     FILE *fplog;
41     wordlist* wl, *wlstart;
42 
43     if (cp_getvar("ng_nomodcheck", CP_BOOL, NULL, 0))
44         return(0);
45 
46     static char modname[BSIZE_SP];
47     size_t mlen = strlen(model->BSIM4v5modName);
48 
49     if (mlen < BSIZE_SP) {
50         /* Check the model named model->BSIM4v5modName only once,
51            because BSIM4v5checkModel() is called for each instance. */
52         if (!strncmp(modname, model->BSIM4v5modName, mlen))
53             return(0);
54         strcpy(modname, model->BSIM4v5modName);
55     }
56 
57     pParam = here->pParam;
58 
59     wl = wlstart = TMALLOC(wordlist, 1);
60     wl->wl_prev = NULL;
61     wl->wl_next = NULL;
62     wl->wl_word = tprintf("\nChecking parameters for BSIM 4.5 model %s\n", model->BSIM4v5modName);
63 
64     if ((strcmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.5.0")) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.50", 4)) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.5", 3))
65         && (strcmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.4.0")) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.40", 4)) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.4", 3))
66         && (strcmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.3.0")) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.30", 4)) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.3", 3))
67         && (strcmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.2.0")) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.20", 4)) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.2", 3))
68         && (strcmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.1.0")) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.10", 4)) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.1", 3))
69         && (strcmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.0.0")) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.00", 4)) && (strncmp(model->BSIM4v5version, "4.0", 3)))
70     {
71         printf("Warning: This model supports BSIM4 versions 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5\n");
72         printf("You specified a wrong version number. Working now with BSIM4v5\n");
73         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: This model supports BSIM4 versions 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5\n"));
74         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("You specified a wrong version number. Working now with BSIM4v5.\n"));
75     }
76 
77     if ((here->BSIM4v5rgateMod == 2) || (here->BSIM4v5rgateMod == 3))
78     {   if ((here->BSIM4v5trnqsMod == 1) || (here->BSIM4v5acnqsMod == 1)) {
79             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: You've selected both Rg and charge deficit NQS; select one only.\n"));
80         }
81     }
82 
83     if (model->BSIM4v5toxe <= 0.0)
84     {
85          wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Toxe = %g is not positive.\n",
86             model->BSIM4v5toxe));
87         Fatal_Flag = 1;
88     }
89 
90     if (model->BSIM4v5toxp <= 0.0)
91     {
92         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Toxp = %g is not positive.\n", model->BSIM4v5toxp));
93         Fatal_Flag = 1;
94     }
95 
96     if (model->BSIM4v5toxm <= 0.0)
97     {
98         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Toxm = %g is not positive.\n", model->BSIM4v5toxm));
99         Fatal_Flag = 1;
100     }
101 
102     if (model->BSIM4v5toxref <= 0.0)
103     {
104         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Toxref = %g is not positive.\n", model->BSIM4v5toxref));
105         Fatal_Flag = 1;
106     }
107 
108 
109 
110     if (pParam->BSIM4v5lpe0 < -pParam->BSIM4v5leff)
111     {
112         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Lpe0 = %g is less than -Leff.\n",
113             pParam->BSIM4v5lpe0));
114         Fatal_Flag = 1;
115     }
116     if (model->BSIM4v5lintnoi > pParam->BSIM4v5leff / 2)
117     {
118         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Lintnoi = %g is too large - Leff for noise is negative.\n",
119             model->BSIM4v5lintnoi));
120         Fatal_Flag = 1;
121     }
122     if (pParam->BSIM4v5lpeb < -pParam->BSIM4v5leff)
123     {
124         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Lpeb = %g is less than -Leff.\n",
125             pParam->BSIM4v5lpeb));
126         Fatal_Flag = 1;
127     }
128     if (pParam->BSIM4v5ndep <= 0.0)
129     {
130         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Ndep = %g is not positive.\n",
131             pParam->BSIM4v5ndep));
132         Fatal_Flag = 1;
133     }
134     if (pParam->BSIM4v5phi <= 0.0)
135     {
136         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Phi = %g is not positive. Please check Phin and Ndep\n",
137             pParam->BSIM4v5phi));
138         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("	   Phin = %g  Ndep = %g \n",
139             pParam->BSIM4v5phin, pParam->BSIM4v5ndep));
140         Fatal_Flag = 1;
141     }
142     if (pParam->BSIM4v5nsub <= 0.0)
143     {
144         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Nsub = %g is not positive.\n",
145             pParam->BSIM4v5nsub));
146         Fatal_Flag = 1;
147     }
148     if (pParam->BSIM4v5ngate < 0.0)
149     {
150         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Ngate = %g Ngate is not positive.\n",
151             pParam->BSIM4v5ngate));
152         Fatal_Flag = 1;
153     }
154     if (pParam->BSIM4v5ngate > 1.e25)
155     {
156         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Ngate = %g Ngate is too high\n",
157             pParam->BSIM4v5ngate));
158         Fatal_Flag = 1;
159     }
160     if (pParam->BSIM4v5xj <= 0.0)
161     {
162         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Xj = %g is not positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5xj));
163         Fatal_Flag = 1;
164     }
165 
166     if (pParam->BSIM4v5dvt1 < 0.0)
167     {
168         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Dvt1 = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5dvt1));
169         Fatal_Flag = 1;
170     }
171 
172     if (pParam->BSIM4v5dvt1w < 0.0)
173     {
174         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Dvt1w = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5dvt1w));
175         Fatal_Flag = 1;
176     }
177 
178     if (pParam->BSIM4v5w0 == -pParam->BSIM4v5weff)
179     {
180         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: (W0 + Weff) = 0 causing divided-by-zero.\n"));
181         Fatal_Flag = 1;
182     }
183 
184     if (pParam->BSIM4v5dsub < 0.0)
185     {
186         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Dsub = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5dsub));
187         Fatal_Flag = 1;
188     }
189     if (pParam->BSIM4v5b1 == -pParam->BSIM4v5weff)
190     {
191         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: (B1 + Weff) = 0 causing divided-by-zero.\n"));
192         Fatal_Flag = 1;
193     }
194     if (here->BSIM4v5u0temp <= 0.0)
195     {
196         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: u0 at current temperature = %g is not positive.\n",
197             here->BSIM4v5u0temp));
198         Fatal_Flag = 1;
199     }
200 
201     if (pParam->BSIM4v5delta < 0.0)
202     {
203         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Delta = %g is less than zero.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5delta));
204         Fatal_Flag = 1;
205     }
206 
207     if (here->BSIM4v5vsattemp <= 0.0)
208     {
209         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Vsat at current temperature = %g is not positive.\n",
210             here->BSIM4v5vsattemp));
211         Fatal_Flag = 1;
212     }
213 
214     if (pParam->BSIM4v5pclm <= 0.0)
215     {
216         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Pclm = %g is not positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5pclm));
217         Fatal_Flag = 1;
218     }
219 
220     if (pParam->BSIM4v5drout < 0.0)
221     {
222         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Drout = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5drout));
223         Fatal_Flag = 1;
224     }
225 
226     if (here->BSIM4v5m <= 0.0)
227     {
228         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: multiplier = %g is not positive.\n", here->BSIM4v5m));
229         Fatal_Flag = 1;
230     }
231     if (here->BSIM4v5nf < 1.0)
232     {
233         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Number of finger = %g is smaller than one.\n", here->BSIM4v5nf));
234         Fatal_Flag = 1;
235     }
236 
237     if ((here->BSIM4v5sa > 0.0) && (here->BSIM4v5sb > 0.0) &&
238         ((here->BSIM4v5nf == 1.0) || ((here->BSIM4v5nf > 1.0) && (here->BSIM4v5sd > 0.0))))
239     {
240         if (model->BSIM4v5saref <= 0.0)
241         {
242             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: SAref = %g is not positive.\n", model->BSIM4v5saref));
243             Fatal_Flag = 1;
244         }
245         if (model->BSIM4v5sbref <= 0.0)
246         {
247             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: SBref = %g is not positive.\n", model->BSIM4v5sbref));
248             Fatal_Flag = 1;
249         }
250     }
251 
252     if ((here->BSIM4v5l + model->BSIM4v5xl) <= model->BSIM4v5xgl)
253     {
254         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: The parameter xgl must be smaller than Ldrawn+XL.\n"));
255         Fatal_Flag = 1;
256     }
257     if (here->BSIM4v5ngcon < 1.0)
258     {
259         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: The parameter ngcon cannot be smaller than one.\n"));
260         Fatal_Flag = 1;
261     }
262     if ((here->BSIM4v5ngcon != 1.0) && (here->BSIM4v5ngcon != 2.0))
263     {
264         here->BSIM4v5ngcon = 1.0;
265         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Ngcon must be equal to one or two; reset to 1.0.\n"));
266     }
267 
268     if (model->BSIM4v5gbmin < 1.0e-20)
269     {
270         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Gbmin = %g is too small.\n", model->BSIM4v5gbmin));
271     }
272 
273     /* Check saturation parameters */
274     if (pParam->BSIM4v5fprout < 0.0)
275     {
276         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: fprout = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5fprout));
277         Fatal_Flag = 1;
278     }
279     if (pParam->BSIM4v5pdits < 0.0)
280     {
281         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: pdits = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5pdits));
282         Fatal_Flag = 1;
283     }
284     if (model->BSIM4v5pditsl < 0.0)
285     {
286         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: pditsl = %g is negative.\n", model->BSIM4v5pditsl));
287         Fatal_Flag = 1;
288     }
289 
290     /* Check gate current parameters */
291     if (model->BSIM4v5igbMod) {
292         if (pParam->BSIM4v5nigbinv <= 0.0)
293         {
294             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: nigbinv = %g is non-positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5nigbinv));
295             Fatal_Flag = 1;
296         }
297         if (pParam->BSIM4v5nigbacc <= 0.0)
298         {
299             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: nigbacc = %g is non-positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5nigbacc));
300             Fatal_Flag = 1;
301         }
302     }
303     if (model->BSIM4v5igcMod) {
304         if (pParam->BSIM4v5nigc <= 0.0)
305         {
306             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: nigc = %g is non-positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5nigc));
307             Fatal_Flag = 1;
308         }
309         if (pParam->BSIM4v5poxedge <= 0.0)
310         {
311             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: poxedge = %g is non-positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5poxedge));
312             Fatal_Flag = 1;
313         }
314         if (pParam->BSIM4v5pigcd <= 0.0)
315         {
316             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: pigcd = %g is non-positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5pigcd));
317             Fatal_Flag = 1;
318         }
319     }
320 
321     /* Check capacitance parameters */
322     if (pParam->BSIM4v5clc < 0.0)
323     {
324         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Clc = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5clc));
325         Fatal_Flag = 1;
326     }
327 
328     /* Check overlap capacitance parameters */
329     if (pParam->BSIM4v5ckappas < 0.02)
330     {
331         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: ckappas = %g is too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5ckappas));
332         pParam->BSIM4v5ckappas = 0.02;
333     }
334     if (pParam->BSIM4v5ckappad < 0.02)
335     {
336         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: ckappad = %g is too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5ckappad));
337         pParam->BSIM4v5ckappad = 0.02;
338     }
339 
340     if (model->BSIM4v5vtss < 0.0)
341     {
342         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Vtss = %g is negative.\n",
343             model->BSIM4v5vtss));
344         Fatal_Flag = 1;
345     }
346     if (model->BSIM4v5vtsd < 0.0)
347     {
348         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Vtsd = %g is negative.\n",
349             model->BSIM4v5vtsd));
350         Fatal_Flag = 1;
351     }
352     if (model->BSIM4v5vtssws < 0.0)
353     {
354         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Vtssws = %g is negative.\n",
355             model->BSIM4v5vtssws));
356         Fatal_Flag = 1;
357     }
358     if (model->BSIM4v5vtsswd < 0.0)
359     {
360         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Vtsswd = %g is negative.\n",
361             model->BSIM4v5vtsswd));
362         Fatal_Flag = 1;
363     }
364     if (model->BSIM4v5vtsswgs < 0.0)
365     {
366         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Vtsswgs = %g is negative.\n",
367             model->BSIM4v5vtsswgs));
368         Fatal_Flag = 1;
369     }
370     if (model->BSIM4v5vtsswgd < 0.0)
371     {
372         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Fatal: Vtsswgd = %g is negative.\n",
373             model->BSIM4v5vtsswgd));
374         Fatal_Flag = 1;
375     }
376 
377 
378     if (model->BSIM4v5paramChk == 1)
379     {
380         /* Check L and W parameters */
381         if (pParam->BSIM4v5leff <= 1.0e-9)
382         {
383             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Leff = %g <= 1.0e-9. Recommended Leff >= 1e-8 \n",
384                 pParam->BSIM4v5leff));
385         }
386 
387         if (pParam->BSIM4v5leffCV <= 1.0e-9)
388         {
389             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Leff for CV = %g <= 1.0e-9. Recommended LeffCV >=1e-8 \n",
390                 pParam->BSIM4v5leffCV));
391         }
392 
393         if (pParam->BSIM4v5weff <= 1.0e-9)
394         {
395             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Weff = %g <= 1.0e-9. Recommended Weff >=1e-7 \n",
396                 pParam->BSIM4v5weff));
397         }
398 
399         if (pParam->BSIM4v5weffCV <= 1.0e-9)
400         {
401             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Weff for CV = %g <= 1.0e-9. Recommended WeffCV >= 1e-7 \n",
402                 pParam->BSIM4v5weffCV));
403         }
404 
405         /* Check threshold voltage parameters */
406         if (model->BSIM4v5toxe < 1.0e-10)
407         {
408             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Toxe = %g is less than 1A. Recommended Toxe >= 5A\n", model->BSIM4v5toxe));
409         }
410         if (model->BSIM4v5toxp < 1.0e-10)
411         {
412             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Toxp = %g is less than 1A. Recommended Toxp >= 5A\n", model->BSIM4v5toxp));
413         }
414         if (model->BSIM4v5toxm < 1.0e-10)
415         {
416             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Toxm = %g is less than 1A. Recommended Toxm >= 5A\n", model->BSIM4v5toxm));
417         }
418 
419         if (pParam->BSIM4v5ndep <= 1.0e12)
420         {
421             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Ndep = %g may be too small.\n",
422                 pParam->BSIM4v5ndep));
423         }
424         else if (pParam->BSIM4v5ndep >= 1.0e21)
425         {
426             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Ndep = %g may be too large.\n",
427                 pParam->BSIM4v5ndep));
428         }
429 
430         if (pParam->BSIM4v5nsub <= 1.0e14)
431         {
432             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Nsub = %g may be too small.\n",
433                 pParam->BSIM4v5nsub));
434         }
435         else if (pParam->BSIM4v5nsub >= 1.0e21)
436         {
437             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Nsub = %g may be too large.\n",
438                 pParam->BSIM4v5nsub));
439         }
440 
441         if ((pParam->BSIM4v5ngate > 0.0) &&
442             (pParam->BSIM4v5ngate <= 1.e18))
443         {
444             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Ngate = %g is less than 1.E18cm^-3.\n",
445                 pParam->BSIM4v5ngate));
446         }
447 
448         if (pParam->BSIM4v5dvt0 < 0.0)
449         {
450             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Dvt0 = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5dvt0));
451         }
452 
453         if (fabs(1.0e-8 / (pParam->BSIM4v5w0 + pParam->BSIM4v5weff)) > 10.0)
454         {
455             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: (W0 + Weff) may be too small.\n"));
456         }
457 
458         /* Check subthreshold parameters */
459         if (pParam->BSIM4v5nfactor < 0.0)
460         {
461             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Nfactor = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5nfactor));
462         }
463         if (pParam->BSIM4v5cdsc < 0.0)
464         {
465             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Cdsc = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5cdsc));
466         }
467         if (pParam->BSIM4v5cdscd < 0.0)
468         {
469             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Cdscd = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5cdscd));
470         }
471         /* Check DIBL parameters */
472         if (here->BSIM4v5eta0 < 0.0)
473         {
474             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Eta0 = %g is negative.\n", here->BSIM4v5eta0));
475         }
476 
477         /* Check Abulk parameters */
478         if (fabs(1.0e-8 / (pParam->BSIM4v5b1 + pParam->BSIM4v5weff)) > 10.0)
479         {
480             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: (B1 + Weff) may be too small.\n"));
481         }
482 
483 
484         /* Check Saturation parameters */
485         if (pParam->BSIM4v5a2 < 0.01)
486         {
487             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: A2 = %g is too small. Set to 0.01.\n",
488                 pParam->BSIM4v5a2));
489             pParam->BSIM4v5a2 = 0.01;
490         }
491         else if (pParam->BSIM4v5a2 > 1.0)
492         {
493             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: A2 = %g is larger than 1. A2 is set to 1 and A1 is set to 0.\n",
494                 pParam->BSIM4v5a2));
495             pParam->BSIM4v5a2 = 1.0;
496             pParam->BSIM4v5a1 = 0.0;
497         }
498 
499         if (pParam->BSIM4v5prwg < 0.0)
500         {
501             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Prwg = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n",
502                 pParam->BSIM4v5prwg));
503             pParam->BSIM4v5prwg = 0.0;
504         }
505 
506         if (pParam->BSIM4v5rdsw < 0.0)
507         {
508             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Rdsw = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n",
509                 pParam->BSIM4v5rdsw));
510             pParam->BSIM4v5rdsw = 0.0;
511             pParam->BSIM4v5rds0 = 0.0;
512         }
513 
514         if (pParam->BSIM4v5rds0 < 0.0)
515         {
516             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Rds at current temperature = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n",
517                 pParam->BSIM4v5rds0));
518             pParam->BSIM4v5rds0 = 0.0;
519         }
520 
521         if (pParam->BSIM4v5rdswmin < 0.0)
522         {
523             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Rdswmin at current temperature = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n",
524                 pParam->BSIM4v5rdswmin));
525             pParam->BSIM4v5rdswmin = 0.0;
526         }
527 
528         if (pParam->BSIM4v5pscbe2 <= 0.0)
529         {
530             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Pscbe2 = %g is not positive.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5pscbe2));
531         }
532 
533         if (pParam->BSIM4v5vsattemp < 1.0e3)
534         {
535             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Vsat at current temperature = %g may be too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5vsattemp));
536         }
537 
538         if ((model->BSIM4v5lambdaGiven) && (pParam->BSIM4v5lambda > 0.0))
539         {
540             if (pParam->BSIM4v5lambda > 1.0e-9)
541             {
542                 wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Lambda = %g may be too large.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5lambda));
543             }
544         }
545 
546         if ((model->BSIM4v5vtlGiven) && (pParam->BSIM4v5vtl > 0.0))
547         {
548             if (pParam->BSIM4v5vtl < 6.0e4)
549             {
550                 wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Thermal velocity vtl = %g may be too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5vtl));
551             }
552 
553             if (pParam->BSIM4v5xn < 3.0)
554             {
555                 wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: back scattering coeff xn = %g is too small. Reset to 3.0 \n", pParam->BSIM4v5xn));
556                 pParam->BSIM4v5xn = 3.0;
557             }
558 
559             if (model->BSIM4v5lc < 0.0)
560             {
561                 wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: back scattering coeff lc = %g is too small. Reset to 0.0\n", model->BSIM4v5lc));
562                 pParam->BSIM4v5lc = 0.0;
563             }
564         }
565 
566         if (pParam->BSIM4v5pdibl1 < 0.0)
567         {
568             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Pdibl1 = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5pdibl1));
569         }
570     }
571 
572     if (pParam->BSIM4v5pdibl2 < 0.0)
573     {
574         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Pdibl2 = %g is negative.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5pdibl2));
575     }
576 
577     /* Check stress effect parameters */
578     if ((here->BSIM4v5sa > 0.0) && (here->BSIM4v5sb > 0.0) &&
579         ((here->BSIM4v5nf == 1.0) || ((here->BSIM4v5nf > 1.0) && (here->BSIM4v5sd > 0.0))))
580     {
581         if (model->BSIM4v5lodk2 <= 0.0)
582         {
583             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: LODK2 = %g is not positive.\n", model->BSIM4v5lodk2));
584         }
585         if (model->BSIM4v5lodeta0 <= 0.0)
586         {
587             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: LODETA0 = %g is not positive.\n", model->BSIM4v5lodeta0));
588         }
589     }
590 
591     /* Check gate resistance parameters */
592     if (here->BSIM4v5rgateMod == 1)
593     {
594         if (model->BSIM4v5rshg <= 0.0)
595             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: rshg should be positive for rgateMod = 1.\n"));
596     }
597     else if (here->BSIM4v5rgateMod == 2)
598     {
599         if (model->BSIM4v5rshg <= 0.0)
600             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: rshg <= 0.0 for rgateMod = 2.\n"));
601         else if (pParam->BSIM4v5xrcrg1 <= 0.0)
602                 wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: xrcrg1 <= 0.0 for rgateMod = 2.\n"));
603     }
604     if (here->BSIM4v5rgateMod == 3)
605     {
606         if (model->BSIM4v5rshg <= 0.0)
607             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: rshg should be positive for rgateMod = 3.\n"));
608         else if (pParam->BSIM4v5xrcrg1 <= 0.0)
609                 wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: xrcrg1 should be positive for rgateMod = 3.\n"));
610     }
611 
612     /* Check capacitance parameters */
613     if (pParam->BSIM4v5noff < 0.1)
614     {
615         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Noff = %g is too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5noff));
616     }
617 
618     if (pParam->BSIM4v5voffcv < -0.5)
619     {
620         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Voffcv = %g is too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5voffcv));
621     }
622 
623     if (pParam->BSIM4v5moin < 5.0)
624     {
625         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Moin = %g is too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5moin));
626     }
627     if (pParam->BSIM4v5moin > 25.0)
628     {
629         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Moin = %g is too large.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5moin));
630     }
631     if (model->BSIM4v5capMod == 2) {
632         if (pParam->BSIM4v5acde < 0.1)
633         {
634             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Acde = %g is too small.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5acde));
635         }
636         if (pParam->BSIM4v5acde > 1.6)
637         {
638             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Acde = %g is too large.\n", pParam->BSIM4v5acde));
639         }
640     }
641 
642     /* Check overlap capacitance parameters */
643     if (model->BSIM4v5cgdo < 0.0)
644     {
645         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: cgdo = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5cgdo));
646         model->BSIM4v5cgdo = 0.0;
647     }
648     if (model->BSIM4v5cgso < 0.0)
649     {
650         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: cgso = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5cgso));
651         model->BSIM4v5cgso = 0.0;
652     }
653     if (model->BSIM4v5cgbo < 0.0)
654     {
655         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: cgbo = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5cgbo));
656         model->BSIM4v5cgbo = 0.0;
657     }
658     if (model->BSIM4v5tnoiMod == 1) {
659         if (model->BSIM4v5tnoia < 0.0)
660         {
661             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: tnoia = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5tnoia));
662             model->BSIM4v5tnoia = 0.0;
663         }
664         if (model->BSIM4v5tnoib < 0.0)
665         {
666             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: tnoib = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5tnoib));
667             model->BSIM4v5tnoib = 0.0;
668         }
669 
670         if (model->BSIM4v5rnoia < 0.0)
671         {
672             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: rnoia = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5rnoia));
673             model->BSIM4v5rnoia = 0.0;
674         }
675         if (model->BSIM4v5rnoib < 0.0)
676         {
677             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: rnoib = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5rnoib));
678             model->BSIM4v5rnoib = 0.0;
679         }
680     }
681 
682     if (model->BSIM4v5SjctEmissionCoeff < 0.0)
683     {
684         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Njs = %g is negative.\n",
685             model->BSIM4v5SjctEmissionCoeff));
686     }
687     if (model->BSIM4v5DjctEmissionCoeff < 0.0)
688     {
689         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Njd = %g is negative.\n",
690             model->BSIM4v5DjctEmissionCoeff));
691     }
692     if (model->BSIM4v5njtstemp < 0.0)
693     {
694         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Njts = %g is negative at temperature = %g.\n",
695             model->BSIM4v5njtstemp, ckt->CKTtemp));
696     }
697     if (model->BSIM4v5njtsswtemp < 0.0)
698     {
699         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Njtssw = %g is negative at temperature = %g.\n",
700             model->BSIM4v5njtsswtemp, ckt->CKTtemp));
701     }
702     if (model->BSIM4v5njtsswgtemp < 0.0)
703     {
704         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: Njtsswg = %g is negative at temperature = %g.\n",
705             model->BSIM4v5njtsswgtemp, ckt->CKTtemp));
706     }
707     if (model->BSIM4v5ntnoi < 0.0)
708     {
709         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: ntnoi = %g is negative. Set to zero.\n", model->BSIM4v5ntnoi));
710         model->BSIM4v5ntnoi = 0.0;
711     }
712 
713     /* diode model */
714     if (model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctBotGradingCoeff >= 0.99)
715     {
716         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: MJS = %g is too big. Set to 0.99.\n", model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctBotGradingCoeff));
717         model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctBotGradingCoeff = 0.99;
718     }
719     if (model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctSideGradingCoeff >= 0.99)
720     {
721         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: MJSWS = %g is too big. Set to 0.99.\n", model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctSideGradingCoeff));
722         model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctSideGradingCoeff = 0.99;
723     }
724     if (model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctGateSideGradingCoeff >= 0.99)
725     {
726         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: MJSWGS = %g is too big. Set to 0.99.\n", model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctGateSideGradingCoeff));
727         model->BSIM4v5SbulkJctGateSideGradingCoeff = 0.99;
728     }
729 
730     if (model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctBotGradingCoeff >= 0.99)
731     {
732         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: MJD = %g is too big. Set to 0.99.\n", model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctBotGradingCoeff));
733         model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctBotGradingCoeff = 0.99;
734     }
735     if (model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctSideGradingCoeff >= 0.99)
736     {
737         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: MJSWD = %g is too big. Set to 0.99.\n", model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctSideGradingCoeff));
738         model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctSideGradingCoeff = 0.99;
739     }
740     if (model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctGateSideGradingCoeff >= 0.99)
741     {
742         wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: MJSWGD = %g is too big. Set to 0.99.\n", model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctGateSideGradingCoeff));
743         model->BSIM4v5DbulkJctGateSideGradingCoeff = 0.99;
744     }
745     if (model->BSIM4v5wpemod == 1)
746     {
747         if (model->BSIM4v5scref <= 0.0)
748         {
749             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: SCREF = %g is not positive. Set to 1e-6.\n", model->BSIM4v5scref));
750             model->BSIM4v5scref = 1e-6;
751         }
752         if (here->BSIM4v5sca < 0.0)
753         {
754             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: SCA = %g is negative. Set to 0.0.\n", here->BSIM4v5sca));
755             here->BSIM4v5sca = 0.0;
756         }
757         if (here->BSIM4v5scb < 0.0)
758         {
759             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: SCB = %g is negative. Set to 0.0.\n", here->BSIM4v5scb));
760             here->BSIM4v5scb = 0.0;
761         }
762         if (here->BSIM4v5scc < 0.0)
763         {
764             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: SCC = %g is negative. Set to 0.0.\n", here->BSIM4v5scc));
765             here->BSIM4v5scc = 0.0;
766         }
767         if (here->BSIM4v5sc < 0.0)
768         {
769             wl_append_word(&wl, &wl, tprintf("Warning: SC = %g is negative. Set to 0.0.\n", here->BSIM4v5sc));
770             here->BSIM4v5sc = 0.0;
771         }
772     }
773 
774     if (wlstart->wl_next) {
775         if ((fplog = fopen("bsim4v5.out", "w")) != NULL) {
776             while (wlstart) {
777                 fprintf(fplog, "%s", wlstart->wl_word);
778                 fprintf(stderr, "%s", wlstart->wl_word);
779                 wlstart = wlstart->wl_next;
780             }
781             fclose(fplog);
782         }
783         else {
784             while (wlstart) {
785                 fprintf(stderr, "%s", wlstart->wl_word);
786                 wlstart = wlstart->wl_next;
787             }
788         }
789     }
790 
791     wl_free(wlstart);
792 
793     return(Fatal_Flag);
794 }
795 
796