1<!-- 2doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml 3PostgreSQL documentation 4--> 5 6<refentry id="app-pg-ctl"> 7 <indexterm zone="app-pg-ctl"> 8 <primary>pg_ctl</primary> 9 </indexterm> 10 11 <refmeta> 12 <refentrytitle><application>pg_ctl</application></refentrytitle> 13 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> 14 <refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo> 15 </refmeta> 16 17 <refnamediv> 18 <refname>pg_ctl</refname> 19 <refpurpose>initialize, start, stop, or control a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server</refpurpose> 20 </refnamediv> 21 22 <refsynopsisdiv> 23 <cmdsynopsis> 24 <command>pg_ctl</command> 25 <arg choice="plain"><option>init[db]</option></arg> 26 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 27 <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg> 28 <arg choice="opt"><option>-o</option> <replaceable>initdb-options</replaceable></arg> 29 </cmdsynopsis> 30 31 <cmdsynopsis> 32 <command>pg_ctl</command> 33 <arg choice="plain"><option>start</option></arg> 34 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 35 <arg choice="opt"><option>-l</option> <replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg> 36 <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg> 37 <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg> 38 <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg> 39 <arg choice="opt"><option>-o</option> <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg> 40 <arg choice="opt"><option>-p</option> <replaceable>path</replaceable></arg> 41 <arg choice="opt"><option>-c</option></arg> 42 </cmdsynopsis> 43 44 <cmdsynopsis> 45 <command>pg_ctl</command> 46 <arg choice="plain"><option>stop</option></arg> 47 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 48 <arg choice="opt"><option>-m</option> 49 <group choice="plain"> 50 <arg choice="plain"><option>s[mart]</option></arg> 51 <arg choice="plain"><option>f[ast]</option></arg> 52 <arg choice="plain"><option>i[mmediate]</option></arg> 53 </group> 54 </arg> 55 <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg> 56 <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg> 57 <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg> 58 </cmdsynopsis> 59 60 <cmdsynopsis> 61 <command>pg_ctl</command> 62 <arg choice="plain"><option>restart</option></arg> 63 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 64 <arg choice="opt"><option>-m</option> 65 <group choice="plain"> 66 <arg choice="plain"><option>s[mart]</option></arg> 67 <arg choice="plain"><option>f[ast]</option></arg> 68 <arg choice="plain"><option>i[mmediate]</option></arg> 69 </group> 70 </arg> 71 <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg> 72 <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg> 73 <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg> 74 <arg choice="opt"><option>-o</option> <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg> 75 <arg choice="opt"><option>-c</option></arg> 76 </cmdsynopsis> 77 78 <cmdsynopsis> 79 <command>pg_ctl</command> 80 <arg choice="plain"><option>reload</option></arg> 81 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 82 <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg> 83 </cmdsynopsis> 84 85 <cmdsynopsis> 86 <command>pg_ctl</command> 87 <arg choice="plain"><option>status</option></arg> 88 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 89 </cmdsynopsis> 90 91 <cmdsynopsis> 92 <command>pg_ctl</command> 93 <arg choice="plain"><option>promote</option></arg> 94 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 95 <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg> 96 <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg> 97 <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg> 98 </cmdsynopsis> 99 100 <cmdsynopsis> 101 <command>pg_ctl</command> 102 <arg choice="plain"><option>kill</option></arg> 103 <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>signal_name</replaceable></arg> 104 <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>process_id</replaceable></arg> 105 </cmdsynopsis> 106 107 <para>On Microsoft Windows, also:</para> 108 109 <cmdsynopsis> 110 <command>pg_ctl</command> 111 <arg choice="plain"><option>register</option></arg> 112 <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg> 113 <arg choice="opt"><option>-N</option> <replaceable>servicename</replaceable></arg> 114 <arg choice="opt"><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></arg> 115 <arg choice="opt"><option>-P</option> <replaceable>password</replaceable></arg> 116 <arg choice="opt"><option>-S</option> 117 <group choice="plain"> 118 <arg choice="plain"><option>a[uto]</option></arg> 119 <arg choice="plain"><option>d[emand]</option></arg> 120 </group> 121 </arg> 122 <arg choice="opt"><option>-e</option> <replaceable>source</replaceable></arg> 123 <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg> 124 <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg> 125 <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg> 126 <arg choice="opt"><option>-o</option> <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg> 127 </cmdsynopsis> 128 129 <cmdsynopsis> 130 <command>pg_ctl</command> 131 <arg choice="plain"><option>unregister</option></arg> 132 <arg choice="opt"><option>-N</option> <replaceable>servicename</replaceable></arg> 133 </cmdsynopsis> 134 </refsynopsisdiv> 135 136 137 <refsect1 id="app-pg-ctl-description"> 138 <title>Description</title> 139 <para> 140 <application>pg_ctl</application> is a utility for initializing a 141 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster, starting, 142 stopping, or restarting the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 143 database server (<xref linkend="app-postgres">), or displaying the 144 status of a running server. Although the server can be started 145 manually, <application>pg_ctl</application> encapsulates tasks such 146 as redirecting log output and properly detaching from the terminal 147 and process group. It also provides convenient options for 148 controlled shutdown. 149 </para> 150 151 <para> 152 The <option>init</option> or <option>initdb</option> mode creates a new 153 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster, that is, 154 a collection of databases that will be managed by a single 155 server instance. This mode invokes the <command>initdb</command> 156 command. See <xref linkend="app-initdb"> for details. 157 </para> 158 159 <para> 160 <option>start</option> mode launches a new server. The 161 server is started in the background, and its standard input is attached 162 to <filename>/dev/null</filename> (or <literal>nul</> on Windows). 163 On Unix-like systems, by default, the server's standard output and 164 standard error are sent to <application>pg_ctl</application>'s 165 standard output (not standard error). The standard output of 166 <application>pg_ctl</application> should then be redirected to a 167 file or piped to another process such as a log rotating program 168 like <application>rotatelogs</>; otherwise <command>postgres</command> 169 will write its output to the controlling terminal (from the 170 background) and will not leave the shell's process group. On 171 Windows, by default the server's standard output and standard error 172 are sent to the terminal. These default behaviors can be changed 173 by using <option>-l</option> to append the server's output to a log file. 174 Use of either <option>-l</option> or output redirection is recommended. 175 </para> 176 177 <para> 178 <option>stop</option> mode shuts down the server that is running in 179 the specified data directory. Three different 180 shutdown methods can be selected with the <option>-m</option> 181 option. <quote>Smart</quote> mode disallows new connections, then waits 182 for all existing clients to disconnect and any online backup to finish. 183 If the server is in hot standby, recovery and streaming replication 184 will be terminated once all clients have disconnected. 185 <quote>Fast</quote> mode (the default) does not wait for clients to disconnect and 186 will terminate an online backup in progress. All active transactions are 187 rolled back and clients are forcibly disconnected, then the 188 server is shut down. <quote>Immediate</quote> mode will abort 189 all server processes immediately, without a clean shutdown. This choice 190 will lead to a crash-recovery cycle during the next server start. 191 </para> 192 193 <para> 194 <option>restart</option> mode effectively executes a stop followed 195 by a start. This allows changing the <command>postgres</command> 196 command-line options, or changing configuration-file options that 197 cannot be changed without restarting the server. 198 If relative paths were used on the command line during server 199 start, <option>restart</option> might fail unless 200 <application>pg_ctl</application> is executed in the same current 201 directory as it was during server start. 202 </para> 203 204 <para> 205 <option>reload</option> mode simply sends the 206 <command>postgres</command> server process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</> 207 signal, causing it to reread its configuration files 208 (<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>, 209 <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>, etc.). This allows changing 210 configuration-file options that do not require a full server restart 211 to take effect. 212 </para> 213 214 <para> 215 <option>status</option> mode checks whether a server is running in 216 the specified data directory. If it is, the server's <acronym>PID</acronym> 217 and the command line options that were used to invoke it are displayed. 218 If the server is not running, <application>pg_ctl</application> returns 219 an exit status of 3. If an accessible data directory is not 220 specified, <application>pg_ctl</application> returns an exit status of 4. 221 </para> 222 223 <para> 224 <option>promote</option> mode commands the standby server that is 225 running in the specified data directory to end standby mode 226 and begin read-write operations. 227 </para> 228 229 <para> 230 <option>kill</option> mode sends a signal to a specified process. 231 This is primarily valuable on <productname>Microsoft Windows</> 232 which does not have a built-in <application>kill</> command. Use 233 <literal>--help</> to see a list of supported signal names. 234 </para> 235 236 <para> 237 <option>register</option> mode registers the <productname>PostgreSQL</> 238 server as a system service on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>. 239 The <option>-S</option> option allows selection of service start type, 240 either <quote>auto</quote> (start service automatically on system startup) 241 or <quote>demand</quote> (start service on demand). 242 </para> 243 244 <para> 245 <option>unregister</option> mode unregisters a system service 246 on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>. This undoes the effects of the 247 <option>register</option> command. 248 </para> 249 </refsect1> 250 251 <refsect1 id="app-pg-ctl-options"> 252 <title>Options</title> 253 254 <variablelist> 255 256 <varlistentry> 257 <term><option>-c</option></term> 258 <term><option>--core-files</option></term> 259 <listitem> 260 <para> 261 Attempt to allow server crashes to produce core files, on platforms 262 where this is possible, by lifting any soft resource limit placed on 263 core files. 264 This is useful in debugging or diagnosing problems by allowing a 265 stack trace to be obtained from a failed server process. 266 </para> 267 </listitem> 268 </varlistentry> 269 270 <varlistentry> 271 <term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></option></term> 272 <term><option>--pgdata=<replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></option></term> 273 <listitem> 274 <para> 275 Specifies the file system location of the database configuration files. If 276 this option is omitted, the environment variable 277 <envar>PGDATA</envar> is used. 278 </para> 279 </listitem> 280 </varlistentry> 281 282 <varlistentry> 283 <term><option>-l <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></term> 284 <term><option>--log=<replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></term> 285 <listitem> 286 <para> 287 Append the server log output to 288 <replaceable>filename</replaceable>. If the file does not 289 exist, it is created. The <systemitem>umask</> is set to 077, 290 so access to the log file is disallowed to other users by default. 291 </para> 292 </listitem> 293 </varlistentry> 294 295 <varlistentry> 296 <term><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">mode</replaceable></option></term> 297 <term><option>--mode=<replaceable class="parameter">mode</replaceable></option></term> 298 <listitem> 299 <para> 300 Specifies the shutdown mode. <replaceable>mode</replaceable> 301 can be <literal>smart</literal>, <literal>fast</literal>, or 302 <literal>immediate</literal>, or the first letter of one of 303 these three. If this option is omitted, <literal>fast</literal> is 304 the default. 305 </para> 306 </listitem> 307 </varlistentry> 308 309 <varlistentry> 310 <term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">options</replaceable></option></term> 311 <term><option>--options=<replaceable class="parameter">options</replaceable></option></term> 312 <listitem> 313 <para> 314 Specifies options to be passed directly to the 315 <command>postgres</command> command. 316 <option>-o</> can be specified multiple times, with all the given 317 options being passed through. 318 </para> 319 <para> 320 The <replaceable>options</> should usually be surrounded by single or 321 double quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group. 322 </para> 323 </listitem> 324 </varlistentry> 325 326 <varlistentry> 327 <term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">initdb-options</replaceable></option></term> 328 <term><option>--options=<replaceable class="parameter">initdb-options</replaceable></option></term> 329 <listitem> 330 <para> 331 Specifies options to be passed directly to the 332 <command>initdb</command> command. 333 <option>-o</> can be specified multiple times, with all the given 334 options being passed through. 335 </para> 336 <para> 337 The <replaceable>initdb-options</> should usually be surrounded by single or 338 double quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group. 339 </para> 340 </listitem> 341 </varlistentry> 342 343 <varlistentry> 344 <term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">path</replaceable></option></term> 345 <listitem> 346 <para> 347 Specifies the location of the <filename>postgres</filename> 348 executable. By default the <filename>postgres</filename> executable is taken from the same 349 directory as <command>pg_ctl</command>, or failing that, the hard-wired 350 installation directory. It is not necessary to use this 351 option unless you are doing something unusual and get errors 352 that the <filename>postgres</filename> executable was not found. 353 </para> 354 355 <para> 356 In <literal>init</literal> mode, this option analogously 357 specifies the location of the <filename>initdb</filename> 358 executable. 359 </para> 360 </listitem> 361 </varlistentry> 362 363 <varlistentry> 364 <term><option>-s</option></term> 365 <term><option>--silent</option></term> 366 <listitem> 367 <para> 368 Print only errors, no informational messages. 369 </para> 370 </listitem> 371 </varlistentry> 372 373 <varlistentry> 374 <term><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></option></term> 375 <term><option>--timeout=<replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></option></term> 376 <listitem> 377 <para> 378 Specifies the maximum number of seconds to wait when waiting for an 379 operation to complete (see option <option>-w</option>). Defaults to 380 the value of the <envar>PGCTLTIMEOUT</> environment variable or, if 381 not set, to 60 seconds. 382 </para> 383 </listitem> 384 </varlistentry> 385 386 <varlistentry> 387 <term><option>-V</></term> 388 <term><option>--version</></term> 389 <listitem> 390 <para> 391 Print the <application>pg_ctl</application> version and exit. 392 </para> 393 </listitem> 394 </varlistentry> 395 396 <varlistentry> 397 <term><option>-w</option></term> 398 <term><option>--wait</option></term> 399 <listitem> 400 <para> 401 Wait for the operation to complete. This is supported for the 402 modes <literal>start</literal>, <literal>stop</literal>, 403 <literal>restart</literal>, <literal>promote</literal>, 404 and <literal>register</literal>, and is the default for those modes. 405 </para> 406 407 <para> 408 When waiting, <command>pg_ctl</command> repeatedly checks the 409 server's <acronym>PID</acronym> file, sleeping for a short amount 410 of time between checks. Startup is considered complete when 411 the <acronym>PID</acronym> file indicates that the server is ready to 412 accept connections. Shutdown is considered complete when the server 413 removes the <acronym>PID</acronym> file. 414 <command>pg_ctl</command> returns an exit code based on the 415 success of the startup or shutdown. 416 </para> 417 418 <para> 419 If the operation does not complete within the timeout (see 420 option <option>-t</option>), then <command>pg_ctl</command> exits with 421 a nonzero exit status. But note that the operation might continue in 422 the background and eventually succeed. 423 </para> 424 </listitem> 425 </varlistentry> 426 427 <varlistentry> 428 <term><option>-W</option></term> 429 <term><option>--no-wait</option></term> 430 <listitem> 431 <para> 432 Do not wait for the operation to complete. This is the opposite of 433 the option <option>-w</option>. 434 </para> 435 436 <para> 437 If waiting is disabled, the requested action is triggered, but there 438 is no feedback about its success. In that case, the server log file 439 or an external monitoring system would have to be used to check the 440 progress and success of the operation. 441 </para> 442 443 <para> 444 In prior releases of PostgreSQL, this was the default except for 445 the <literal>stop</literal> mode. 446 </para> 447 </listitem> 448 </varlistentry> 449 450 <varlistentry> 451 <term><option>-?</></term> 452 <term><option>--help</></term> 453 <listitem> 454 <para> 455 Show help about <application>pg_ctl</application> command line 456 arguments, and exit. 457 </para> 458 </listitem> 459 </varlistentry> 460 </variablelist> 461 462 <para> 463 If an option is specified that is valid, but not relevant to the selected 464 operating mode, <application>pg_ctl</application> ignores it. 465 </para> 466 467 <refsect2 id="app-pg-ctl-windows-options"> 468 <title>Options for Windows</title> 469 470 <variablelist> 471 <varlistentry> 472 <term><option>-e <replaceable class="parameter">source</replaceable></option></term> 473 <listitem> 474 <para> 475 Name of the event source for <application>pg_ctl</application> to use 476 for logging to the event log when running as a Windows service. The 477 default is <literal>PostgreSQL</literal>. Note that this only controls 478 messages sent from <application>pg_ctl</application> itself; once 479 started, the server will use the event source specified 480 by its <xref linkend="guc-event-source"> parameter. Should the server 481 fail very early in startup, before that parameter has been set, 482 it might also log using the default event 483 source name <literal>PostgreSQL</literal>. 484 </para> 485 </listitem> 486 </varlistentry> 487 488 <varlistentry> 489 <term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">servicename</replaceable></option></term> 490 <listitem> 491 <para> 492 Name of the system service to register. This name will be used 493 as both the service name and the display name. 494 The default is <literal>PostgreSQL</literal>. 495 </para> 496 </listitem> 497 </varlistentry> 498 499 <varlistentry> 500 <term><option>-P <replaceable class="parameter">password</replaceable></option></term> 501 <listitem> 502 <para> 503 Password for the user to run the service as. 504 </para> 505 </listitem> 506 </varlistentry> 507 508 <varlistentry> 509 <term><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">start-type</replaceable></option></term> 510 <listitem> 511 <para> 512 Start type of the system service. <replaceable>start-type</> can 513 be <literal>auto</literal>, or <literal>demand</literal>, or 514 the first letter of one of these two. If this option is omitted, 515 <literal>auto</literal> is the default. 516 </para> 517 </listitem> 518 </varlistentry> 519 520 <varlistentry> 521 <term><option>-U <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term> 522 <listitem> 523 <para> 524 User name for the user to run the service as. For domain users, use the 525 format <literal>DOMAIN\username</literal>. 526 </para> 527 </listitem> 528 </varlistentry> 529 </variablelist> 530 </refsect2> 531 532 </refsect1> 533 534 535 <refsect1> 536 <title>Environment</title> 537 538 <variablelist> 539 <varlistentry> 540 <term><envar>PGCTLTIMEOUT</envar></term> 541 542 <listitem> 543 <para> 544 Default limit on the number of seconds to wait when waiting for startup 545 or shutdown to complete. If not set, the default is 60 seconds. 546 </para> 547 </listitem> 548 </varlistentry> 549 550 <varlistentry> 551 <term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term> 552 553 <listitem> 554 <para> 555 Default data directory location. 556 </para> 557 </listitem> 558 </varlistentry> 559 560 </variablelist> 561 562 <para> 563 Most <command>pg_ctl</command> modes require knowing the data directory 564 location; therefore, the <option>-D</> option is required 565 unless <envar>PGDATA</envar> is set. 566 </para> 567 568 <para> 569 <command>pg_ctl</command>, like most other <productname>PostgreSQL</> 570 utilities, 571 also uses the environment variables supported by <application>libpq</> 572 (see <xref linkend="libpq-envars">). 573 </para> 574 575 <para> 576 For additional variables that affect the server, 577 see <xref linkend="app-postgres">. 578 </para> 579 </refsect1> 580 581 582 <refsect1> 583 <title>Files</title> 584 585 <variablelist> 586 <varlistentry> 587 <term><filename>postmaster.pid</filename></term> 588 589 <listitem> 590 <para> 591 <application>pg_ctl</application> examines this file in the data 592 directory to determine whether the server is currently running. 593 </para> 594 </listitem> 595 </varlistentry> 596 597 <varlistentry> 598 <term><filename>postmaster.opts</filename></term> 599 600 <listitem> 601 <para>If this file exists in the data directory, 602 <application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>restart</option> mode) 603 will pass the contents of the file as options to 604 <application>postgres</application>, unless overridden 605 by the <option>-o</option> option. The contents of this file 606 are also displayed in <option>status</option> mode. 607 </para> 608 </listitem> 609 </varlistentry> 610 611 </variablelist> 612 </refsect1> 613 614 615 <refsect1 id="R1-APP-PGCTL-2"> 616 <title>Examples</title> 617 618 <refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-3"> 619 <title>Starting the Server</title> 620 621 <para> 622 To start the server, waiting until the server is 623 accepting connections: 624<screen> 625<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl start</userinput> 626</screen> 627 </para> 628 629 <para> 630 To start the server using port 5433, and 631 running without <function>fsync</function>, use: 632<screen> 633<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl -o "-F -p 5433" start</userinput> 634</screen></para> 635 </refsect2> 636 637 <refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-4"> 638 <title>Stopping the Server</title> 639 <para> 640 To stop the server, use: 641<screen> 642<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl stop</userinput> 643</screen> 644 The <option>-m</option> option allows control over 645 <emphasis>how</emphasis> the server shuts down: 646<screen> 647<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl stop -m smart</userinput> 648</screen></para> 649 </refsect2> 650 651 <refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-5"> 652 <title>Restarting the Server</title> 653 654 <para> 655 Restarting the server is almost equivalent to stopping the 656 server and starting it again, except that by default, 657 <command>pg_ctl</command> saves and reuses the command line options that 658 were passed to the previously-running instance. To restart 659 the server using the same options as before, use: 660<screen> 661<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl restart</userinput> 662</screen> 663 </para> 664 665 <para> 666 But if <option>-o</> is specified, that replaces any previous options. 667 To restart using port 5433, disabling <function>fsync</> upon restart: 668<screen> 669<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl -o "-F -p 5433" restart</userinput> 670</screen></para> 671 </refsect2> 672 673 <refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-6"> 674 <title>Showing the Server Status</title> 675 676 <para> 677 Here is sample status output from 678 <application>pg_ctl</application>: 679<screen> 680<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl status</userinput> 681<computeroutput> 682pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 13718) 683/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres "-D" "/usr/local/pgsql/data" "-p" "5433" "-B" "128" 684</computeroutput> 685</screen> 686 The second line is the command that would be invoked in restart mode. 687 </para> 688 </refsect2> 689 </refsect1> 690 691 692 <refsect1> 693 <title>See Also</title> 694 695 <simplelist type="inline"> 696 <member><xref linkend="app-initdb"></member> 697 <member><xref linkend="app-postgres"></member> 698 </simplelist> 699 </refsect1> 700 701</refentry> 702