1--
2-- CONSTRAINTS
3-- Constraints can be specified with:
4--  - DEFAULT clause
5--  - CHECK clauses
6--  - PRIMARY KEY clauses
7--  - UNIQUE clauses
8--  - EXCLUDE clauses
9--
10--
11-- DEFAULT syntax
12--
13CREATE TABLE DEFAULT_TBL (i int DEFAULT 100,
14	x text DEFAULT 'vadim', f float8 DEFAULT 123.456);
15INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'thomas', 57.0613);
16INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'bruce');
17INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (i, f) VALUES (2, 987.654);
18INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (x) VALUES ('marc');
19INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (3, null, 1.0);
20SELECT '' AS five, * FROM DEFAULT_TBL;
21 five |  i  |   x    |    f
22------+-----+--------+---------
23      |   1 | thomas | 57.0613
24      |   1 | bruce  | 123.456
25      |   2 | vadim  | 987.654
26      | 100 | marc   | 123.456
27      |   3 |        |       1
28(5 rows)
29
30CREATE SEQUENCE DEFAULT_SEQ;
31CREATE TABLE DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1 int DEFAULT 100 + (200-199) * 2,
32	i2 int DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'));
33INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL VALUES (-1, -2);
34INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1) VALUES (-3);
35INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (-4);
36INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (NULL);
37SELECT '' AS four, * FROM DEFAULTEXPR_TBL;
38 four | i1  | i2
39------+-----+----
40      |  -1 | -2
41      |  -3 |  1
42      | 102 | -4
43      | 102 |
44(4 rows)
45
46-- syntax errors
47--  test for extraneous comma
48CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
49ERROR:  syntax error at or near ")"
50LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
51                                                    ^
52--  this will fail because gram.y uses b_expr not a_expr for defaults,
53--  to avoid a shift/reduce conflict that arises from NOT NULL being
54--  part of the column definition syntax:
55CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
56ERROR:  syntax error at or near "IN"
57LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
58                                                  ^
59--  this should work, however:
60CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT (1 IN (1, 2)));
61DROP TABLE error_tbl;
62--
63-- CHECK syntax
64--
65CREATE TABLE CHECK_TBL (x int,
66	CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3));
67INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
68INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
69INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
70ERROR:  new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
71DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3).
72INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
73ERROR:  new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
74DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2).
75INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
76INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
77ERROR:  new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
78DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1).
79SELECT '' AS three, * FROM CHECK_TBL;
80 three | x
81-------+---
82       | 5
83       | 4
84       | 6
85(3 rows)
86
87CREATE SEQUENCE CHECK_SEQ;
88CREATE TABLE CHECK2_TBL (x int, y text, z int,
89	CONSTRAINT SEQUENCE_CON
90	CHECK (x > 3 and y <> 'check failed' and z < 8));
91INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (4, 'check ok', -2);
92INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (1, 'x check failed', -2);
93ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
94DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, x check failed, -2).
95INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (5, 'z check failed', 10);
96ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
97DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, z check failed, 10).
98INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (0, 'check failed', -2);
99ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
100DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, check failed, -2).
101INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (6, 'check failed', 11);
102ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
103DETAIL:  Failing row contains (6, check failed, 11).
104INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (7, 'check ok', 7);
105SELECT '' AS two, * from CHECK2_TBL;
106 two | x |    y     | z
107-----+---+----------+----
108     | 4 | check ok | -2
109     | 7 | check ok |  7
110(2 rows)
111
112--
113-- Check constraints on INSERT
114--
115CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ;
116CREATE TABLE INSERT_TBL (x INT DEFAULT nextval('insert_seq'),
117	y TEXT DEFAULT '-NULL-',
118	z INT DEFAULT -1 * currval('insert_seq'),
119	CONSTRAINT INSERT_TBL_CON CHECK (x >= 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 8),
120	CHECK (x + z = 0));
121INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (2, -2);
122ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
123DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, -NULL-, -2).
124SELECT '' AS zero, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
125 zero | x | y | z
126------+---+---+---
127(0 rows)
128
129SELECT 'one' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
130 one | nextval
131-----+---------
132 one |       1
133(1 row)
134
135INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
136ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
137DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, Y, -2).
138INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
139INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (1, -2);
140ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
141DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, -NULL-, -2).
142INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(z,x) VALUES (-7,  7);
143INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (5, 'check failed', -5);
144ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
145DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, check failed, -5).
146INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (7, '!check failed', -7);
147INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
148SELECT '' AS four, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
149 four | x |       y       | z
150------+---+---------------+----
151      | 3 | Y             | -3
152      | 7 | -NULL-        | -7
153      | 7 | !check failed | -7
154      | 4 | -!NULL-       | -4
155(4 rows)
156
157INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) VALUES ('check failed', 4);
158ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
159DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, check failed, 4).
160INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, 'check failed');
161ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
162DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, check failed, -5).
163INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, '!check failed');
164INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
165SELECT '' AS six, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
166 six | x |       y       | z
167-----+---+---------------+----
168     | 3 | Y             | -3
169     | 7 | -NULL-        | -7
170     | 7 | !check failed | -7
171     | 4 | -!NULL-       | -4
172     | 5 | !check failed | -5
173     | 6 | -!NULL-       | -6
174(6 rows)
175
176SELECT 'seven' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
177  one  | nextval
178-------+---------
179 seven |       7
180(1 row)
181
182INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
183ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
184DETAIL:  Failing row contains (8, Y, -8).
185SELECT 'eight' AS one, currval('insert_seq');
186  one  | currval
187-------+---------
188 eight |       8
189(1 row)
190
191-- According to SQL, it is OK to insert a record that gives rise to NULL
192-- constraint-condition results.  Postgres used to reject this, but it
193-- was wrong:
194INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (null, null, null);
195SELECT '' AS nine, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
196 nine | x |       y       | z
197------+---+---------------+----
198      | 3 | Y             | -3
199      | 7 | -NULL-        | -7
200      | 7 | !check failed | -7
201      | 4 | -!NULL-       | -4
202      | 5 | !check failed | -5
203      | 6 | -!NULL-       | -6
204      |   |               |
205(7 rows)
206
207--
208-- Check constraints on system columns
209--
210CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
211                  altitude int,
212                  CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND tableoid::regclass::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
213INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Seattle', 'Washington', false, 100);
214INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Olympia', 'Washington', true, 100);
215ERROR:  new row for relation "sys_col_check_tbl" violates check constraint "sys_col_check_tbl_check"
216DETAIL:  Failing row contains (Olympia, Washington, t, 100).
217SELECT *, tableoid::regclass::text FROM SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
218  city   |   state    | is_capital | altitude |     tableoid
219---------+------------+------------+----------+-------------------
220 Seattle | Washington | f          |      100 | sys_col_check_tbl
221(1 row)
222
223DROP TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
224--
225-- Check constraints on system columns other then TableOid should return error
226--
227CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
228                  altitude int,
229				  CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
230ERROR:  system column "ctid" reference in check constraint is invalid
231LINE 3:       CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check...
232                                         ^
233--
234-- Check inheritance of defaults and constraints
235--
236CREATE TABLE INSERT_CHILD (cx INT default 42,
237	cy INT CHECK (cy > x))
238	INHERITS (INSERT_TBL);
239INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,11);
240INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,6);
241ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_child_check"
242DETAIL:  Failing row contains (7, -NULL-, -7, 42, 6).
243INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (6,-7,7);
244ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
245DETAIL:  Failing row contains (6, -NULL-, -7, 42, 7).
246INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,y,z,cy) VALUES (6,'check failed',-6,7);
247ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
248DETAIL:  Failing row contains (6, check failed, -6, 42, 7).
249SELECT * FROM INSERT_CHILD;
250 x |   y    | z  | cx | cy
251---+--------+----+----+----
252 7 | -NULL- | -7 | 42 | 11
253(1 row)
254
255DROP TABLE INSERT_CHILD;
256--
257-- Check NO INHERIT type of constraints and inheritance
258--
259CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT
260	CHECK (TEST > 0) NO INHERIT);
261CREATE TABLE ATACC2 (TEST2 INT) INHERITS (ATACC1);
262-- check constraint is not there on child
263INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
264-- check constraint is there on parent
265INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
266ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
267DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3).
268DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
269NOTICE:  drop cascades to table atacc2
270CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT, TEST2 INT
271	CHECK (TEST > 0), CHECK (TEST2 > 10) NO INHERIT);
272CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
273-- check constraint is there on child
274INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
275ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc2" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
276DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3, null).
277-- check constraint is there on parent
278INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
279ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
280DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3, null).
281-- check constraint is not there on child
282INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
283-- check constraint is there on parent
284INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
285ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test2_check"
286DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, 3).
287DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
288NOTICE:  drop cascades to table atacc2
289--
290-- Check constraints on INSERT INTO
291--
292DELETE FROM INSERT_TBL;
293ALTER SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ RESTART WITH 4;
294CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp (xd INT, yd TEXT, zd INT);
295INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'Y', null);
296INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (5, '!check failed', null);
297INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'try again', null);
298INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) select yd from tmp;
299SELECT '' AS three, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
300 three | x |       y       | z
301-------+---+---------------+----
302       | 4 | Y             | -4
303       | 5 | !check failed | -5
304       | 6 | try again     | -6
305(3 rows)
306
307INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
308INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -7 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
309INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -8 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
310ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
311DETAIL:  Failing row contains (8, try again, -8).
312SELECT '' AS four, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
313 four | x |       y       | z
314------+---+---------------+----
315      | 4 | Y             | -4
316      | 5 | !check failed | -5
317      | 6 | try again     | -6
318      |   | try again     |
319      | 7 | try again     | -7
320(5 rows)
321
322DROP TABLE tmp;
323--
324-- Check constraints on UPDATE
325--
326UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = NULL WHERE x = 5;
327UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = 6 WHERE x = 6;
328UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = -z, z = -x;
329UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = z, z = x;
330ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
331DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-4, Y, 4).
332SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
333 x |       y       | z
334---+---------------+----
335 4 | Y             | -4
336   | try again     |
337 7 | try again     | -7
338 5 | !check failed |
339 6 | try again     | -6
340(5 rows)
341
342-- DROP TABLE INSERT_TBL;
343--
344-- Check constraints on COPY FROM
345--
346CREATE TABLE COPY_TBL (x INT, y TEXT, z INT,
347	CONSTRAINT COPY_CON
348	CHECK (x > 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 7 ));
349COPY COPY_TBL FROM '@abs_srcdir@/data/constro.data';
350SELECT '' AS two, * FROM COPY_TBL;
351 two | x |       y       | z
352-----+---+---------------+---
353     | 4 | !check failed | 5
354     | 6 | OK            | 4
355(2 rows)
356
357COPY COPY_TBL FROM '@abs_srcdir@/data/constrf.data';
358ERROR:  new row for relation "copy_tbl" violates check constraint "copy_con"
359DETAIL:  Failing row contains (7, check failed, 6).
360CONTEXT:  COPY copy_tbl, line 2: "7	check failed	6"
361SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
362 x |       y       | z
363---+---------------+---
364 4 | !check failed | 5
365 6 | OK            | 4
366(2 rows)
367
368--
369-- Primary keys
370--
371CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
372INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
373INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
374INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
375ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "primary_tbl_pkey"
376DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
377INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
378INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
379INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
380ERROR:  null value in column "i" of relation "primary_tbl" violates not-null constraint
381DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, six).
382SELECT '' AS four, * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
383 four | i |   t
384------+---+-------
385      | 1 | one
386      | 2 | two
387      | 4 | three
388      | 5 | one
389(4 rows)
390
391DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
392CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int, t text,
393	PRIMARY KEY(i,t));
394INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
395INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
396INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
397INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
398INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
399INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
400ERROR:  null value in column "i" of relation "primary_tbl" violates not-null constraint
401DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, six).
402SELECT '' AS three, * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
403 three | i |   t
404-------+---+-------
405       | 1 | one
406       | 2 | two
407       | 1 | three
408       | 4 | three
409       | 5 | one
410(5 rows)
411
412DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
413--
414-- Unique keys
415--
416CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE, t text);
417INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
418INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
419INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
420ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
421DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
422INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
423INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
424INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
425INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
426INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'five-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'five-upsert-update';
427INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (6, 'six-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'six-upsert-update';
428-- should fail
429INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'b') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'fails';
430ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time
431HINT:  Ensure that no rows proposed for insertion within the same command have duplicate constrained values.
432SELECT '' AS five, * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
433 five | i |         t
434------+---+--------------------
435      | 1 | one
436      | 2 | two
437      | 4 | four
438      |   | six
439      |   | seven
440      | 5 | five-upsert-update
441      | 6 | six-upsert-insert
442(7 rows)
443
444DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
445CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int, t text,
446	UNIQUE(i,t));
447INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
448INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
449INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
450INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
451ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_t_key"
452DETAIL:  Key (i, t)=(1, one) already exists.
453INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
454INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
455SELECT '' AS five, * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
456 five | i |   t
457------+---+-------
458      | 1 | one
459      | 2 | two
460      | 1 | three
461      | 5 | one
462      |   | six
463(5 rows)
464
465DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
466--
467-- Deferrable unique constraints
468--
469CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE, t text);
470INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (0, 'one');
471INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'two');
472INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'tree');
473INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'four');
474INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'five');
475BEGIN;
476-- default is immediate so this should fail right away
477UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 1 WHERE i = 0;
478ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
479DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
480ROLLBACK;
481-- check is done at end of statement, so this should succeed
482UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = i+1;
483SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
484 i |  t
485---+------
486 1 | one
487 2 | two
488 3 | tree
489 4 | four
490 5 | five
491(5 rows)
492
493-- explicitly defer the constraint
494BEGIN;
495SET CONSTRAINTS unique_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
496INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
497DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'tree'; -- makes constraint valid again
498COMMIT; -- should succeed
499SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
500 i |   t
501---+-------
502 1 | one
503 2 | two
504 4 | four
505 5 | five
506 3 | three
507(5 rows)
508
509-- try adding an initially deferred constraint
510ALTER TABLE unique_tbl DROP CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key;
511ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ADD CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key
512	UNIQUE (i) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
513BEGIN;
514INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'five');
515INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
516UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 4 WHERE i = 2;
517UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 2 WHERE i = 4 AND t = 'four';
518DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 1 AND t = 'one';
519DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 5 AND t = 'five';
520COMMIT;
521SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
522 i |   t
523---+-------
524 3 | three
525 1 | five
526 5 | one
527 4 | two
528 2 | four
529(5 rows)
530
531-- should fail at commit-time
532BEGIN;
533INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
534COMMIT; -- should fail
535ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
536DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
537-- make constraint check immediate
538BEGIN;
539SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
540INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should fail
541ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
542DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
543COMMIT;
544-- forced check when SET CONSTRAINTS is called
545BEGIN;
546SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
547INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
548SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; -- should fail
549ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
550DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
551COMMIT;
552-- test deferrable UNIQUE with a partitioned table
553CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE) partition by range (i);
554CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_1 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
555CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_2 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
556SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass FROM pg_constraint
557  WHERE conname LIKE 'parted_uniq%' ORDER BY conname;
558         conname         |     conrelid
559-------------------------+-------------------
560 parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key | parted_uniq_tbl_1
561 parted_uniq_tbl_2_i_key | parted_uniq_tbl_2
562 parted_uniq_tbl_i_key   | parted_uniq_tbl
563(3 rows)
564
565BEGIN;
566INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);
567SAVEPOINT f;
568INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);	-- unique violation
569ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key"
570DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
571ROLLBACK TO f;
572SET CONSTRAINTS parted_uniq_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
573INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);	-- OK now, fail at commit
574COMMIT;
575ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key"
576DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
577DROP TABLE parted_uniq_tbl;
578-- test a HOT update that invalidates the conflicting tuple.
579-- the trigger should still fire and catch the violation
580BEGIN;
581INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
582UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'THREE' WHERE i = 3 AND t = 'Three';
583COMMIT; -- should fail
584ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
585DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
586SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
587 i |   t
588---+-------
589 3 | three
590 1 | five
591 5 | one
592 4 | two
593 2 | four
594(5 rows)
595
596-- test a HOT update that modifies the newly inserted tuple,
597-- but should succeed because we then remove the other conflicting tuple.
598BEGIN;
599INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES(3, 'tree'); -- should succeed for now
600UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'threex' WHERE t = 'tree';
601DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'three';
602SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
603 i |   t
604---+--------
605 1 | five
606 5 | one
607 4 | two
608 2 | four
609 3 | threex
610(5 rows)
611
612COMMIT;
613SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
614 i |   t
615---+--------
616 1 | five
617 5 | one
618 4 | two
619 2 | four
620 3 | threex
621(5 rows)
622
623DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
624--
625-- EXCLUDE constraints
626--
627CREATE TABLE circles (
628  c1 CIRCLE,
629  c2 TEXT,
630  EXCLUDE USING gist
631    (c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&)
632    WHERE (circle_center(c1) <> '(0,0)')
633);
634-- these should succeed because they don't match the index predicate
635INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 5>');
636INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 4>');
637-- succeed
638INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(10,10), 10>', '<(0,0), 5>');
639-- fail, overlaps
640INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>');
641ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "circles_c1_c2_excl"
642DETAIL:  Key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(20,20),10>, <(0,0),4>) conflicts with existing key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(10,10),10>, <(0,0),5>).
643-- succeed, because violation is ignored
644INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
645  ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO NOTHING;
646-- fail, because DO UPDATE variant requires unique index
647INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
648  ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO UPDATE SET c2 = EXCLUDED.c2;
649ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE not supported with exclusion constraints
650-- succeed because c1 doesn't overlap
651INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 1>', '<(0,0), 5>');
652-- succeed because c2 doesn't overlap
653INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(10,10), 5>');
654-- should fail on existing data without the WHERE clause
655ALTER TABLE circles ADD EXCLUDE USING gist
656  (c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&);
657ERROR:  could not create exclusion constraint "circles_c1_c2_excl1"
658DETAIL:  Key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(0,0),5>, <(0,0),5>) conflicts with key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(0,0),5>, <(0,0),4>).
659-- try reindexing an existing constraint
660REINDEX INDEX circles_c1_c2_excl;
661DROP TABLE circles;
662-- Check deferred exclusion constraint
663CREATE TABLE deferred_excl (
664  f1 int,
665  f2 int,
666  CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =) INITIALLY DEFERRED
667);
668INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1);
669INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2);
670INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1); -- fail
671ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
672DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(1) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(1).
673INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con DO NOTHING; -- fail
674ERROR:  ON CONFLICT does not support deferrable unique constraints/exclusion constraints as arbiters
675BEGIN;
676INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2); -- no fail here
677COMMIT; -- should fail here
678ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
679DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(2) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(2).
680BEGIN;
681INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3);
682INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3); -- no fail here
683COMMIT; -- should fail here
684ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
685DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(3) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(3).
686-- bug #13148: deferred constraint versus HOT update
687BEGIN;
688INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2, 1); -- no fail here
689DELETE FROM deferred_excl WHERE f1 = 2 AND f2 IS NULL; -- remove old row
690UPDATE deferred_excl SET f2 = 2 WHERE f1 = 2;
691COMMIT; -- should not fail
692SELECT * FROM deferred_excl;
693 f1 | f2
694----+----
695  1 |
696  2 |  2
697(2 rows)
698
699ALTER TABLE deferred_excl DROP CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con;
700-- This should fail, but worth testing because of HOT updates
701UPDATE deferred_excl SET f1 = 3;
702ALTER TABLE deferred_excl ADD EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =);
703ERROR:  could not create exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_f1_excl"
704DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(3) conflicts with key (f1)=(3).
705DROP TABLE deferred_excl;
706-- Comments
707-- Setup a low-level role to enforce non-superuser checks.
708CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
709SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments;
710CREATE TABLE constraint_comments_tbl (a int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (a > 0));
711CREATE DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom AS int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (value > 0);
712COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
713COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
714-- no such constraint
715COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
716ERROR:  constraint "no_constraint" for table "constraint_comments_tbl" does not exist
717COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
718ERROR:  constraint "no_constraint" for domain constraint_comments_dom does not exist
719-- no such table/domain
720COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON no_comments_tbl IS 'bad comment';
721ERROR:  relation "no_comments_tbl" does not exist
722COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN no_comments_dom IS 'another bad comment';
723ERROR:  type "no_comments_dom" does not exist
724COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS NULL;
725COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS NULL;
726-- unauthorized user
727RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
728CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
729SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
730COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'no, the comment';
731ERROR:  must be owner of relation constraint_comments_tbl
732COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'no, another comment';
733ERROR:  must be owner of type constraint_comments_dom
734RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
735DROP TABLE constraint_comments_tbl;
736DROP DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom;
737DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
738DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
739