1------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2--                                                                          --
3--                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         --
4--                                                                          --
5--                               C H E C K S                                --
6--                                                                          --
7--                                 B o d y                                  --
8--                                                                          --
9--          Copyright (C) 1992-2013, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10--                                                                          --
11-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License --
17-- for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General --
18-- Public License  distributed with GNAT; see file COPYING3.  If not, go to --
19-- http://www.gnu.org/licenses for a complete copy of the license.          --
20--                                                                          --
21-- GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. --
22-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      --
23--                                                                          --
24------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
26with Atree;    use Atree;
27with Casing;   use Casing;
28with Debug;    use Debug;
29with Einfo;    use Einfo;
30with Errout;   use Errout;
31with Exp_Ch2;  use Exp_Ch2;
32with Exp_Ch4;  use Exp_Ch4;
33with Exp_Ch11; use Exp_Ch11;
34with Exp_Pakd; use Exp_Pakd;
35with Exp_Util; use Exp_Util;
36with Elists;   use Elists;
37with Expander; use Expander;
38with Eval_Fat; use Eval_Fat;
39with Freeze;   use Freeze;
40with Lib;      use Lib;
41with Nlists;   use Nlists;
42with Nmake;    use Nmake;
43with Opt;      use Opt;
44with Output;   use Output;
45with Restrict; use Restrict;
46with Rident;   use Rident;
47with Rtsfind;  use Rtsfind;
48with Sem;      use Sem;
49with Sem_Aux;  use Sem_Aux;
50with Sem_Eval; use Sem_Eval;
51with Sem_Ch3;  use Sem_Ch3;
52with Sem_Ch8;  use Sem_Ch8;
53with Sem_Res;  use Sem_Res;
54with Sem_Util; use Sem_Util;
55with Sem_Warn; use Sem_Warn;
56with Sinfo;    use Sinfo;
57with Sinput;   use Sinput;
58with Snames;   use Snames;
59with Sprint;   use Sprint;
60with Stand;    use Stand;
61with Stringt;  use Stringt;
62with Targparm; use Targparm;
63with Tbuild;   use Tbuild;
64with Ttypes;   use Ttypes;
65with Urealp;   use Urealp;
66with Validsw;  use Validsw;
67
68package body Checks is
69
70   --  General note: many of these routines are concerned with generating
71   --  checking code to make sure that constraint error is raised at runtime.
72   --  Clearly this code is only needed if the expander is active, since
73   --  otherwise we will not be generating code or going into the runtime
74   --  execution anyway.
75
76   --  We therefore disconnect most of these checks if the expander is
77   --  inactive. This has the additional benefit that we do not need to
78   --  worry about the tree being messed up by previous errors (since errors
79   --  turn off expansion anyway).
80
81   --  There are a few exceptions to the above rule. For instance routines
82   --  such as Apply_Scalar_Range_Check that do not insert any code can be
83   --  safely called even when the Expander is inactive (but Errors_Detected
84   --  is 0). The benefit of executing this code when expansion is off, is
85   --  the ability to emit constraint error warning for static expressions
86   --  even when we are not generating code.
87
88   --  The above is modified in gnatprove mode to ensure that proper check
89   --  flags are always placed, even if expansion is off.
90
91   -------------------------------------
92   -- Suppression of Redundant Checks --
93   -------------------------------------
94
95   --  This unit implements a limited circuit for removal of redundant
96   --  checks. The processing is based on a tracing of simple sequential
97   --  flow. For any sequence of statements, we save expressions that are
98   --  marked to be checked, and then if the same expression appears later
99   --  with the same check, then under certain circumstances, the second
100   --  check can be suppressed.
101
102   --  Basically, we can suppress the check if we know for certain that
103   --  the previous expression has been elaborated (together with its
104   --  check), and we know that the exception frame is the same, and that
105   --  nothing has happened to change the result of the exception.
106
107   --  Let us examine each of these three conditions in turn to describe
108   --  how we ensure that this condition is met.
109
110   --  First, we need to know for certain that the previous expression has
111   --  been executed. This is done principally by the mechanism of calling
112   --  Conditional_Statements_Begin at the start of any statement sequence
113   --  and Conditional_Statements_End at the end. The End call causes all
114   --  checks remembered since the Begin call to be discarded. This does
115   --  miss a few cases, notably the case of a nested BEGIN-END block with
116   --  no exception handlers. But the important thing is to be conservative.
117   --  The other protection is that all checks are discarded if a label
118   --  is encountered, since then the assumption of sequential execution
119   --  is violated, and we don't know enough about the flow.
120
121   --  Second, we need to know that the exception frame is the same. We
122   --  do this by killing all remembered checks when we enter a new frame.
123   --  Again, that's over-conservative, but generally the cases we can help
124   --  with are pretty local anyway (like the body of a loop for example).
125
126   --  Third, we must be sure to forget any checks which are no longer valid.
127   --  This is done by two mechanisms, first the Kill_Checks_Variable call is
128   --  used to note any changes to local variables. We only attempt to deal
129   --  with checks involving local variables, so we do not need to worry
130   --  about global variables. Second, a call to any non-global procedure
131   --  causes us to abandon all stored checks, since such a all may affect
132   --  the values of any local variables.
133
134   --  The following define the data structures used to deal with remembering
135   --  checks so that redundant checks can be eliminated as described above.
136
137   --  Right now, the only expressions that we deal with are of the form of
138   --  simple local objects (either declared locally, or IN parameters) or
139   --  such objects plus/minus a compile time known constant. We can do
140   --  more later on if it seems worthwhile, but this catches many simple
141   --  cases in practice.
142
143   --  The following record type reflects a single saved check. An entry
144   --  is made in the stack of saved checks if and only if the expression
145   --  has been elaborated with the indicated checks.
146
147   type Saved_Check is record
148      Killed : Boolean;
149      --  Set True if entry is killed by Kill_Checks
150
151      Entity : Entity_Id;
152      --  The entity involved in the expression that is checked
153
154      Offset : Uint;
155      --  A compile time value indicating the result of adding or
156      --  subtracting a compile time value. This value is to be
157      --  added to the value of the Entity. A value of zero is
158      --  used for the case of a simple entity reference.
159
160      Check_Type : Character;
161      --  This is set to 'R' for a range check (in which case Target_Type
162      --  is set to the target type for the range check) or to 'O' for an
163      --  overflow check (in which case Target_Type is set to Empty).
164
165      Target_Type : Entity_Id;
166      --  Used only if Do_Range_Check is set. Records the target type for
167      --  the check. We need this, because a check is a duplicate only if
168      --  it has the same target type (or more accurately one with a
169      --  range that is smaller or equal to the stored target type of a
170      --  saved check).
171   end record;
172
173   --  The following table keeps track of saved checks. Rather than use an
174   --  extensible table. We just use a table of fixed size, and we discard
175   --  any saved checks that do not fit. That's very unlikely to happen and
176   --  this is only an optimization in any case.
177
178   Saved_Checks : array (Int range 1 .. 200) of Saved_Check;
179   --  Array of saved checks
180
181   Num_Saved_Checks : Nat := 0;
182   --  Number of saved checks
183
184   --  The following stack keeps track of statement ranges. It is treated
185   --  as a stack. When Conditional_Statements_Begin is called, an entry
186   --  is pushed onto this stack containing the value of Num_Saved_Checks
187   --  at the time of the call. Then when Conditional_Statements_End is
188   --  called, this value is popped off and used to reset Num_Saved_Checks.
189
190   --  Note: again, this is a fixed length stack with a size that should
191   --  always be fine. If the value of the stack pointer goes above the
192   --  limit, then we just forget all saved checks.
193
194   Saved_Checks_Stack : array (Int range 1 .. 100) of Nat;
195   Saved_Checks_TOS : Nat := 0;
196
197   -----------------------
198   -- Local Subprograms --
199   -----------------------
200
201   procedure Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Strict (N : Node_Id);
202   --  Used to apply arithmetic overflow checks for all cases except operators
203   --  on signed arithmetic types in MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED case (for which we
204   --  call Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated below). N can be a
205   --  signed integer arithmetic operator (but not an if or case expression).
206   --  It is also called for types other than signed integers.
207
208   procedure Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated (Op : Node_Id);
209   --  Used to apply arithmetic overflow checks for the case where the overflow
210   --  checking mode is MINIMIZED or ELIMINATED and we have a signed integer
211   --  arithmetic op (which includes the case of if and case expressions). Note
212   --  that Do_Overflow_Check may or may not be set for node Op. In these modes
213   --  we have work to do even if overflow checking is suppressed.
214
215   procedure Apply_Division_Check
216     (N   : Node_Id;
217      Rlo : Uint;
218      Rhi : Uint;
219      ROK : Boolean);
220   --  N is an N_Op_Div, N_Op_Rem, or N_Op_Mod node. This routine applies
221   --  division checks as required if the Do_Division_Check flag is set.
222   --  Rlo and Rhi give the possible range of the right operand, these values
223   --  can be referenced and trusted only if ROK is set True.
224
225   procedure Apply_Float_Conversion_Check
226     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
227      Target_Typ : Entity_Id);
228   --  The checks on a conversion from a floating-point type to an integer
229   --  type are delicate. They have to be performed before conversion, they
230   --  have to raise an exception when the operand is a NaN, and rounding must
231   --  be taken into account to determine the safe bounds of the operand.
232
233   procedure Apply_Selected_Length_Checks
234     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
235      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
236      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
237      Do_Static  : Boolean);
238   --  This is the subprogram that does all the work for Apply_Length_Check
239   --  and Apply_Static_Length_Check. Expr, Target_Typ and Source_Typ are as
240   --  described for the above routines. The Do_Static flag indicates that
241   --  only a static check is to be done.
242
243   procedure Apply_Selected_Range_Checks
244     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
245      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
246      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
247      Do_Static  : Boolean);
248   --  This is the subprogram that does all the work for Apply_Range_Check.
249   --  Expr, Target_Typ and Source_Typ are as described for the above
250   --  routine. The Do_Static flag indicates that only a static check is
251   --  to be done.
252
253   type Check_Type is new Check_Id range Access_Check .. Division_Check;
254   function Check_Needed (Nod : Node_Id; Check : Check_Type) return Boolean;
255   --  This function is used to see if an access or division by zero check is
256   --  needed. The check is to be applied to a single variable appearing in the
257   --  source, and N is the node for the reference. If N is not of this form,
258   --  True is returned with no further processing. If N is of the right form,
259   --  then further processing determines if the given Check is needed.
260   --
261   --  The particular circuit is to see if we have the case of a check that is
262   --  not needed because it appears in the right operand of a short circuited
263   --  conditional where the left operand guards the check. For example:
264   --
265   --    if Var = 0 or else Q / Var > 12 then
266   --       ...
267   --    end if;
268   --
269   --  In this example, the division check is not required. At the same time
270   --  we can issue warnings for suspicious use of non-short-circuited forms,
271   --  such as:
272   --
273   --    if Var = 0 or Q / Var > 12 then
274   --       ...
275   --    end if;
276
277   procedure Find_Check
278     (Expr        : Node_Id;
279      Check_Type  : Character;
280      Target_Type : Entity_Id;
281      Entry_OK    : out Boolean;
282      Check_Num   : out Nat;
283      Ent         : out Entity_Id;
284      Ofs         : out Uint);
285   --  This routine is used by Enable_Range_Check and Enable_Overflow_Check
286   --  to see if a check is of the form for optimization, and if so, to see
287   --  if it has already been performed. Expr is the expression to check,
288   --  and Check_Type is 'R' for a range check, 'O' for an overflow check.
289   --  Target_Type is the target type for a range check, and Empty for an
290   --  overflow check. If the entry is not of the form for optimization,
291   --  then Entry_OK is set to False, and the remaining out parameters
292   --  are undefined. If the entry is OK, then Ent/Ofs are set to the
293   --  entity and offset from the expression. Check_Num is the number of
294   --  a matching saved entry in Saved_Checks, or zero if no such entry
295   --  is located.
296
297   function Get_Discriminal (E : Entity_Id; Bound : Node_Id) return Node_Id;
298   --  If a discriminal is used in constraining a prival, Return reference
299   --  to the discriminal of the protected body (which renames the parameter
300   --  of the enclosing protected operation). This clumsy transformation is
301   --  needed because privals are created too late and their actual subtypes
302   --  are not available when analysing the bodies of the protected operations.
303   --  This function is called whenever the bound is an entity and the scope
304   --  indicates a protected operation. If the bound is an in-parameter of
305   --  a protected operation that is not a prival, the function returns the
306   --  bound itself.
307   --  To be cleaned up???
308
309   function Guard_Access
310     (Cond    : Node_Id;
311      Loc     : Source_Ptr;
312      Ck_Node : Node_Id) return Node_Id;
313   --  In the access type case, guard the test with a test to ensure
314   --  that the access value is non-null, since the checks do not
315   --  not apply to null access values.
316
317   procedure Install_Static_Check (R_Cno : Node_Id; Loc : Source_Ptr);
318   --  Called by Apply_{Length,Range}_Checks to rewrite the tree with the
319   --  Constraint_Error node.
320
321   function Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op (N : Node_Id) return Boolean;
322   --  Returns True if node N is for an arithmetic operation with signed
323   --  integer operands. This includes unary and binary operators, and also
324   --  if and case expression nodes where the dependent expressions are of
325   --  a signed integer type. These are the kinds of nodes for which special
326   --  handling applies in MINIMIZED or ELIMINATED overflow checking mode.
327
328   function Range_Or_Validity_Checks_Suppressed
329     (Expr : Node_Id) return Boolean;
330   --  Returns True if either range or validity checks or both are suppressed
331   --  for the type of the given expression, or, if the expression is the name
332   --  of an entity, if these checks are suppressed for the entity.
333
334   function Selected_Length_Checks
335     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
336      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
337      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
338      Warn_Node  : Node_Id) return Check_Result;
339   --  Like Apply_Selected_Length_Checks, except it doesn't modify
340   --  anything, just returns a list of nodes as described in the spec of
341   --  this package for the Range_Check function.
342
343   function Selected_Range_Checks
344     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
345      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
346      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
347      Warn_Node  : Node_Id) return Check_Result;
348   --  Like Apply_Selected_Range_Checks, except it doesn't modify anything,
349   --  just returns a list of nodes as described in the spec of this package
350   --  for the Range_Check function.
351
352   ------------------------------
353   -- Access_Checks_Suppressed --
354   ------------------------------
355
356   function Access_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
357   begin
358      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
359         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Access_Check);
360      else
361         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Access_Check);
362      end if;
363   end Access_Checks_Suppressed;
364
365   -------------------------------------
366   -- Accessibility_Checks_Suppressed --
367   -------------------------------------
368
369   function Accessibility_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
370   begin
371      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
372         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Accessibility_Check);
373      else
374         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Accessibility_Check);
375      end if;
376   end Accessibility_Checks_Suppressed;
377
378   -----------------------------
379   -- Activate_Division_Check --
380   -----------------------------
381
382   procedure Activate_Division_Check (N : Node_Id) is
383   begin
384      Set_Do_Division_Check (N, True);
385      Possible_Local_Raise (N, Standard_Constraint_Error);
386   end Activate_Division_Check;
387
388   -----------------------------
389   -- Activate_Overflow_Check --
390   -----------------------------
391
392   procedure Activate_Overflow_Check (N : Node_Id) is
393   begin
394      if not Nkind_In (N, N_Op_Rem, N_Op_Mod, N_Op_Plus) then
395         Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, True);
396         Possible_Local_Raise (N, Standard_Constraint_Error);
397      end if;
398   end Activate_Overflow_Check;
399
400   --------------------------
401   -- Activate_Range_Check --
402   --------------------------
403
404   procedure Activate_Range_Check (N : Node_Id) is
405   begin
406      Set_Do_Range_Check (N, True);
407      Possible_Local_Raise (N, Standard_Constraint_Error);
408   end Activate_Range_Check;
409
410   ---------------------------------
411   -- Alignment_Checks_Suppressed --
412   ---------------------------------
413
414   function Alignment_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
415   begin
416      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
417         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Alignment_Check);
418      else
419         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Alignment_Check);
420      end if;
421   end Alignment_Checks_Suppressed;
422
423   -------------------------
424   -- Append_Range_Checks --
425   -------------------------
426
427   procedure Append_Range_Checks
428     (Checks       : Check_Result;
429      Stmts        : List_Id;
430      Suppress_Typ : Entity_Id;
431      Static_Sloc  : Source_Ptr;
432      Flag_Node    : Node_Id)
433   is
434      Internal_Flag_Node   : constant Node_Id    := Flag_Node;
435      Internal_Static_Sloc : constant Source_Ptr := Static_Sloc;
436
437      Checks_On : constant Boolean :=
438        (not Index_Checks_Suppressed (Suppress_Typ))
439         or else (not Range_Checks_Suppressed (Suppress_Typ));
440
441   begin
442      --  For now we just return if Checks_On is false, however this should
443      --  be enhanced to check for an always True value in the condition
444      --  and to generate a compilation warning???
445
446      if not Checks_On then
447         return;
448      end if;
449
450      for J in 1 .. 2 loop
451         exit when No (Checks (J));
452
453         if Nkind (Checks (J)) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error
454           and then Present (Condition (Checks (J)))
455         then
456            if not Has_Dynamic_Range_Check (Internal_Flag_Node) then
457               Append_To (Stmts, Checks (J));
458               Set_Has_Dynamic_Range_Check (Internal_Flag_Node);
459            end if;
460
461         else
462            Append_To
463              (Stmts,
464                Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Internal_Static_Sloc,
465                  Reason => CE_Range_Check_Failed));
466         end if;
467      end loop;
468   end Append_Range_Checks;
469
470   ------------------------
471   -- Apply_Access_Check --
472   ------------------------
473
474   procedure Apply_Access_Check (N : Node_Id) is
475      P : constant Node_Id := Prefix (N);
476
477   begin
478      --  We do not need checks if we are not generating code (i.e. the
479      --  expander is not active). This is not just an optimization, there
480      --  are cases (e.g. with pragma Debug) where generating the checks
481      --  can cause real trouble).
482
483      if not Expander_Active then
484         return;
485      end if;
486
487      --  No check if short circuiting makes check unnecessary
488
489      if not Check_Needed (P, Access_Check) then
490         return;
491      end if;
492
493      --  No check if accessing the Offset_To_Top component of a dispatch
494      --  table. They are safe by construction.
495
496      if Tagged_Type_Expansion
497        and then Present (Etype (P))
498        and then RTU_Loaded (Ada_Tags)
499        and then RTE_Available (RE_Offset_To_Top_Ptr)
500        and then Etype (P) = RTE (RE_Offset_To_Top_Ptr)
501      then
502         return;
503      end if;
504
505      --  Otherwise go ahead and install the check
506
507      Install_Null_Excluding_Check (P);
508   end Apply_Access_Check;
509
510   -------------------------------
511   -- Apply_Accessibility_Check --
512   -------------------------------
513
514   procedure Apply_Accessibility_Check
515     (N           : Node_Id;
516      Typ         : Entity_Id;
517      Insert_Node : Node_Id)
518   is
519      Loc         : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
520      Param_Ent   : Entity_Id           := Param_Entity (N);
521      Param_Level : Node_Id;
522      Type_Level  : Node_Id;
523
524   begin
525      if Ada_Version >= Ada_2012
526         and then not Present (Param_Ent)
527         and then Is_Entity_Name (N)
528         and then Ekind_In (Entity (N), E_Constant, E_Variable)
529         and then Present (Effective_Extra_Accessibility (Entity (N)))
530      then
531         Param_Ent := Entity (N);
532         while Present (Renamed_Object (Param_Ent)) loop
533
534            --  Renamed_Object must return an Entity_Name here
535            --  because of preceding "Present (E_E_A (...))" test.
536
537            Param_Ent := Entity (Renamed_Object (Param_Ent));
538         end loop;
539      end if;
540
541      if Inside_A_Generic then
542         return;
543
544      --  Only apply the run-time check if the access parameter has an
545      --  associated extra access level parameter and when the level of the
546      --  type is less deep than the level of the access parameter, and
547      --  accessibility checks are not suppressed.
548
549      elsif Present (Param_Ent)
550         and then Present (Extra_Accessibility (Param_Ent))
551         and then UI_Gt (Object_Access_Level (N),
552                         Deepest_Type_Access_Level (Typ))
553         and then not Accessibility_Checks_Suppressed (Param_Ent)
554         and then not Accessibility_Checks_Suppressed (Typ)
555      then
556         Param_Level :=
557           New_Occurrence_Of (Extra_Accessibility (Param_Ent), Loc);
558
559         Type_Level :=
560           Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Deepest_Type_Access_Level (Typ));
561
562         --  Raise Program_Error if the accessibility level of the access
563         --  parameter is deeper than the level of the target access type.
564
565         Insert_Action (Insert_Node,
566           Make_Raise_Program_Error (Loc,
567             Condition =>
568               Make_Op_Gt (Loc,
569                 Left_Opnd  => Param_Level,
570                 Right_Opnd => Type_Level),
571             Reason => PE_Accessibility_Check_Failed));
572
573         Analyze_And_Resolve (N);
574      end if;
575   end Apply_Accessibility_Check;
576
577   --------------------------------
578   -- Apply_Address_Clause_Check --
579   --------------------------------
580
581   procedure Apply_Address_Clause_Check (E : Entity_Id; N : Node_Id) is
582      pragma Assert (Nkind (N) = N_Freeze_Entity);
583
584      AC   : constant Node_Id    := Address_Clause (E);
585      Loc  : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (AC);
586      Typ  : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (E);
587      Aexp : constant Node_Id    := Expression (AC);
588
589      Expr : Node_Id;
590      --  Address expression (not necessarily the same as Aexp, for example
591      --  when Aexp is a reference to a constant, in which case Expr gets
592      --  reset to reference the value expression of the constant.
593
594      procedure Compile_Time_Bad_Alignment;
595      --  Post error warnings when alignment is known to be incompatible. Note
596      --  that we do not go as far as inserting a raise of Program_Error since
597      --  this is an erroneous case, and it may happen that we are lucky and an
598      --  underaligned address turns out to be OK after all.
599
600      --------------------------------
601      -- Compile_Time_Bad_Alignment --
602      --------------------------------
603
604      procedure Compile_Time_Bad_Alignment is
605      begin
606         if Address_Clause_Overlay_Warnings then
607            Error_Msg_FE
608              ("?o?specified address for& may be inconsistent with alignment",
609               Aexp, E);
610            Error_Msg_FE
611              ("\?o?program execution may be erroneous (RM 13.3(27))",
612               Aexp, E);
613            Set_Address_Warning_Posted (AC);
614         end if;
615      end Compile_Time_Bad_Alignment;
616
617   --  Start of processing for Apply_Address_Clause_Check
618
619   begin
620      --  See if alignment check needed. Note that we never need a check if the
621      --  maximum alignment is one, since the check will always succeed.
622
623      --  Note: we do not check for checks suppressed here, since that check
624      --  was done in Sem_Ch13 when the address clause was processed. We are
625      --  only called if checks were not suppressed. The reason for this is
626      --  that we have to delay the call to Apply_Alignment_Check till freeze
627      --  time (so that all types etc are elaborated), but we have to check
628      --  the status of check suppressing at the point of the address clause.
629
630      if No (AC)
631        or else not Check_Address_Alignment (AC)
632        or else Maximum_Alignment = 1
633      then
634         return;
635      end if;
636
637      --  Obtain expression from address clause
638
639      Expr := Expression (AC);
640
641      --  The following loop digs for the real expression to use in the check
642
643      loop
644         --  For constant, get constant expression
645
646         if Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
647           and then Ekind (Entity (Expr)) = E_Constant
648         then
649            Expr := Constant_Value (Entity (Expr));
650
651         --  For unchecked conversion, get result to convert
652
653         elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion then
654            Expr := Expression (Expr);
655
656         --  For (common case) of To_Address call, get argument
657
658         elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Function_Call
659           and then Is_Entity_Name (Name (Expr))
660           and then Is_RTE (Entity (Name (Expr)), RE_To_Address)
661         then
662            Expr := First (Parameter_Associations (Expr));
663
664            if Nkind (Expr) = N_Parameter_Association then
665               Expr := Explicit_Actual_Parameter (Expr);
666            end if;
667
668         --  We finally have the real expression
669
670         else
671            exit;
672         end if;
673      end loop;
674
675      --  See if we know that Expr has a bad alignment at compile time
676
677      if Compile_Time_Known_Value (Expr)
678        and then (Known_Alignment (E) or else Known_Alignment (Typ))
679      then
680         declare
681            AL : Uint := Alignment (Typ);
682
683         begin
684            --  The object alignment might be more restrictive than the
685            --  type alignment.
686
687            if Known_Alignment (E) then
688               AL := Alignment (E);
689            end if;
690
691            if Expr_Value (Expr) mod AL /= 0 then
692               Compile_Time_Bad_Alignment;
693            else
694               return;
695            end if;
696         end;
697
698      --  If the expression has the form X'Address, then we can find out if
699      --  the object X has an alignment that is compatible with the object E.
700      --  If it hasn't or we don't know, we defer issuing the warning until
701      --  the end of the compilation to take into account back end annotations.
702
703      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Attribute_Reference
704        and then Attribute_Name (Expr) = Name_Address
705        and then Has_Compatible_Alignment (E, Prefix (Expr)) = Known_Compatible
706      then
707         return;
708      end if;
709
710      --  Here we do not know if the value is acceptable. Strictly we don't
711      --  have to do anything, since if the alignment is bad, we have an
712      --  erroneous program. However we are allowed to check for erroneous
713      --  conditions and we decide to do this by default if the check is not
714      --  suppressed.
715
716      --  However, don't do the check if elaboration code is unwanted
717
718      if Restriction_Active (No_Elaboration_Code) then
719         return;
720
721      --  Generate a check to raise PE if alignment may be inappropriate
722
723      else
724         --  If the original expression is a non-static constant, use the
725         --  name of the constant itself rather than duplicating its
726         --  defining expression, which was extracted above.
727
728         --  Note: Expr is empty if the address-clause is applied to in-mode
729         --  actuals (allowed by 13.1(22)).
730
731         if not Present (Expr)
732           or else
733             (Is_Entity_Name (Expression (AC))
734               and then Ekind (Entity (Expression (AC))) = E_Constant
735               and then Nkind (Parent (Entity (Expression (AC))))
736                                 = N_Object_Declaration)
737         then
738            Expr := New_Copy_Tree (Expression (AC));
739         else
740            Remove_Side_Effects (Expr);
741         end if;
742
743         if No (Actions (N)) then
744            Set_Actions (N, New_List);
745         end if;
746
747         Prepend_To (Actions (N),
748           Make_Raise_Program_Error (Loc,
749             Condition =>
750               Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
751                 Left_Opnd =>
752                   Make_Op_Mod (Loc,
753                     Left_Opnd =>
754                       Unchecked_Convert_To
755                         (RTE (RE_Integer_Address), Expr),
756                     Right_Opnd =>
757                       Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
758                         Prefix         => New_Occurrence_Of (E, Loc),
759                         Attribute_Name => Name_Alignment)),
760                 Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Uint_0)),
761             Reason => PE_Misaligned_Address_Value));
762         Analyze (First (Actions (N)), Suppress => All_Checks);
763
764         --  If the address clause generates an alignment check and we are
765         --  in ZPF or some restricted run-time, add a warning to explain
766         --  the propagation warning that is generated by the check.
767
768         if Nkind (First (Actions (N))) = N_Raise_Program_Error
769           and then not Warnings_Off (E)
770           and then Restriction_Active (No_Exception_Propagation)
771         then
772            Error_Msg_N
773              ("address value may be incompatible with alignment of object?",
774               N);
775         end if;
776
777         return;
778      end if;
779
780   exception
781      --  If we have some missing run time component in configurable run time
782      --  mode then just skip the check (it is not required in any case).
783
784      when RE_Not_Available =>
785         return;
786   end Apply_Address_Clause_Check;
787
788   -------------------------------------
789   -- Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Check --
790   -------------------------------------
791
792   procedure Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Check (N : Node_Id) is
793   begin
794      --  Use old routine in almost all cases (the only case we are treating
795      --  specially is the case of a signed integer arithmetic op with the
796      --  overflow checking mode set to MINIMIZED or ELIMINATED).
797
798      if Overflow_Check_Mode = Strict
799        or else not Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op (N)
800      then
801         Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Strict (N);
802
803      --  Otherwise use the new routine for the case of a signed integer
804      --  arithmetic op, with Do_Overflow_Check set to True, and the checking
805      --  mode is MINIMIZED or ELIMINATED.
806
807      else
808         Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated (N);
809      end if;
810   end Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Check;
811
812   --------------------------------------
813   -- Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Strict --
814   --------------------------------------
815
816   --  This routine is called only if the type is an integer type, and a
817   --  software arithmetic overflow check may be needed for op (add, subtract,
818   --  or multiply). This check is performed only if Software_Overflow_Checking
819   --  is enabled and Do_Overflow_Check is set. In this case we expand the
820   --  operation into a more complex sequence of tests that ensures that
821   --  overflow is properly caught.
822
823   --  This is used in CHECKED modes. It is identical to the code for this
824   --  cases before the big overflow earthquake, thus ensuring that in this
825   --  modes we have compatible behavior (and reliability) to what was there
826   --  before. It is also called for types other than signed integers, and if
827   --  the Do_Overflow_Check flag is off.
828
829   --  Note: we also call this routine if we decide in the MINIMIZED case
830   --  to give up and just generate an overflow check without any fuss.
831
832   procedure Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Strict (N : Node_Id) is
833      Loc  : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
834      Typ  : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (N);
835      Rtyp : constant Entity_Id  := Root_Type (Typ);
836
837   begin
838      --  Nothing to do if Do_Overflow_Check not set or overflow checks
839      --  suppressed.
840
841      if not Do_Overflow_Check (N) then
842         return;
843      end if;
844
845      --  An interesting special case. If the arithmetic operation appears as
846      --  the operand of a type conversion:
847
848      --    type1 (x op y)
849
850      --  and all the following conditions apply:
851
852      --    arithmetic operation is for a signed integer type
853      --    target type type1 is a static integer subtype
854      --    range of x and y are both included in the range of type1
855      --    range of x op y is included in the range of type1
856      --    size of type1 is at least twice the result size of op
857
858      --  then we don't do an overflow check in any case, instead we transform
859      --  the operation so that we end up with:
860
861      --    type1 (type1 (x) op type1 (y))
862
863      --  This avoids intermediate overflow before the conversion. It is
864      --  explicitly permitted by RM 3.5.4(24):
865
866      --    For the execution of a predefined operation of a signed integer
867      --    type, the implementation need not raise Constraint_Error if the
868      --    result is outside the base range of the type, so long as the
869      --    correct result is produced.
870
871      --  It's hard to imagine that any programmer counts on the exception
872      --  being raised in this case, and in any case it's wrong coding to
873      --  have this expectation, given the RM permission. Furthermore, other
874      --  Ada compilers do allow such out of range results.
875
876      --  Note that we do this transformation even if overflow checking is
877      --  off, since this is precisely about giving the "right" result and
878      --  avoiding the need for an overflow check.
879
880      --  Note: this circuit is partially redundant with respect to the similar
881      --  processing in Exp_Ch4.Expand_N_Type_Conversion, but the latter deals
882      --  with cases that do not come through here. We still need the following
883      --  processing even with the Exp_Ch4 code in place, since we want to be
884      --  sure not to generate the arithmetic overflow check in these cases
885      --  (Exp_Ch4 would have a hard time removing them once generated).
886
887      if Is_Signed_Integer_Type (Typ)
888        and then Nkind (Parent (N)) = N_Type_Conversion
889      then
890         Conversion_Optimization : declare
891            Target_Type : constant Entity_Id :=
892              Base_Type (Entity (Subtype_Mark (Parent (N))));
893
894            Llo, Lhi : Uint;
895            Rlo, Rhi : Uint;
896            LOK, ROK : Boolean;
897
898            Vlo : Uint;
899            Vhi : Uint;
900            VOK : Boolean;
901
902            Tlo : Uint;
903            Thi : Uint;
904
905         begin
906            if Is_Integer_Type (Target_Type)
907              and then RM_Size (Root_Type (Target_Type)) >= 2 * RM_Size (Rtyp)
908            then
909               Tlo := Expr_Value (Type_Low_Bound  (Target_Type));
910               Thi := Expr_Value (Type_High_Bound (Target_Type));
911
912               Determine_Range
913                 (Left_Opnd  (N), LOK, Llo, Lhi, Assume_Valid => True);
914               Determine_Range
915                 (Right_Opnd (N), ROK, Rlo, Rhi, Assume_Valid => True);
916
917               if (LOK and ROK)
918                 and then Tlo <= Llo and then Lhi <= Thi
919                 and then Tlo <= Rlo and then Rhi <= Thi
920               then
921                  Determine_Range (N, VOK, Vlo, Vhi, Assume_Valid => True);
922
923                  if VOK and then Tlo <= Vlo and then Vhi <= Thi then
924                     Rewrite (Left_Opnd (N),
925                       Make_Type_Conversion (Loc,
926                         Subtype_Mark => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
927                         Expression   => Relocate_Node (Left_Opnd (N))));
928
929                     Rewrite (Right_Opnd (N),
930                       Make_Type_Conversion (Loc,
931                        Subtype_Mark => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
932                        Expression   => Relocate_Node (Right_Opnd (N))));
933
934                     --  Rewrite the conversion operand so that the original
935                     --  node is retained, in order to avoid the warning for
936                     --  redundant conversions in Resolve_Type_Conversion.
937
938                     Rewrite (N, Relocate_Node (N));
939
940                     Set_Etype (N, Target_Type);
941
942                     Analyze_And_Resolve (Left_Opnd  (N), Target_Type);
943                     Analyze_And_Resolve (Right_Opnd (N), Target_Type);
944
945                     --  Given that the target type is twice the size of the
946                     --  source type, overflow is now impossible, so we can
947                     --  safely kill the overflow check and return.
948
949                     Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
950                     return;
951                  end if;
952               end if;
953            end if;
954         end Conversion_Optimization;
955      end if;
956
957      --  Now see if an overflow check is required
958
959      declare
960         Siz   : constant Int := UI_To_Int (Esize (Rtyp));
961         Dsiz  : constant Int := Siz * 2;
962         Opnod : Node_Id;
963         Ctyp  : Entity_Id;
964         Opnd  : Node_Id;
965         Cent  : RE_Id;
966
967      begin
968         --  Skip check if back end does overflow checks, or the overflow flag
969         --  is not set anyway, or we are not doing code expansion, or the
970         --  parent node is a type conversion whose operand is an arithmetic
971         --  operation on signed integers on which the expander can promote
972         --  later the operands to type Integer (see Expand_N_Type_Conversion).
973
974         --  Special case CLI target, where arithmetic overflow checks can be
975         --  performed for integer and long_integer
976
977         if Backend_Overflow_Checks_On_Target
978           or else not Do_Overflow_Check (N)
979           or else not Expander_Active
980           or else (Present (Parent (N))
981                     and then Nkind (Parent (N)) = N_Type_Conversion
982                     and then Integer_Promotion_Possible (Parent (N)))
983           or else
984             (VM_Target = CLI_Target and then Siz >= Standard_Integer_Size)
985         then
986            return;
987         end if;
988
989         --  Otherwise, generate the full general code for front end overflow
990         --  detection, which works by doing arithmetic in a larger type:
991
992         --    x op y
993
994         --  is expanded into
995
996         --    Typ (Checktyp (x) op Checktyp (y));
997
998         --  where Typ is the type of the original expression, and Checktyp is
999         --  an integer type of sufficient length to hold the largest possible
1000         --  result.
1001
1002         --  If the size of check type exceeds the size of Long_Long_Integer,
1003         --  we use a different approach, expanding to:
1004
1005         --    typ (xxx_With_Ovflo_Check (Integer_64 (x), Integer (y)))
1006
1007         --  where xxx is Add, Multiply or Subtract as appropriate
1008
1009         --  Find check type if one exists
1010
1011         if Dsiz <= Standard_Integer_Size then
1012            Ctyp := Standard_Integer;
1013
1014         elsif Dsiz <= Standard_Long_Long_Integer_Size then
1015            Ctyp := Standard_Long_Long_Integer;
1016
1017         --  No check type exists, use runtime call
1018
1019         else
1020            if Nkind (N) = N_Op_Add then
1021               Cent := RE_Add_With_Ovflo_Check;
1022
1023            elsif Nkind (N) = N_Op_Multiply then
1024               Cent := RE_Multiply_With_Ovflo_Check;
1025
1026            else
1027               pragma Assert (Nkind (N) = N_Op_Subtract);
1028               Cent := RE_Subtract_With_Ovflo_Check;
1029            end if;
1030
1031            Rewrite (N,
1032              OK_Convert_To (Typ,
1033                Make_Function_Call (Loc,
1034                  Name => New_Occurrence_Of (RTE (Cent), Loc),
1035                  Parameter_Associations => New_List (
1036                    OK_Convert_To (RTE (RE_Integer_64), Left_Opnd  (N)),
1037                    OK_Convert_To (RTE (RE_Integer_64), Right_Opnd (N))))));
1038
1039            Analyze_And_Resolve (N, Typ);
1040            return;
1041         end if;
1042
1043         --  If we fall through, we have the case where we do the arithmetic
1044         --  in the next higher type and get the check by conversion. In these
1045         --  cases Ctyp is set to the type to be used as the check type.
1046
1047         Opnod := Relocate_Node (N);
1048
1049         Opnd := OK_Convert_To (Ctyp, Left_Opnd (Opnod));
1050
1051         Analyze (Opnd);
1052         Set_Etype (Opnd, Ctyp);
1053         Set_Analyzed (Opnd, True);
1054         Set_Left_Opnd (Opnod, Opnd);
1055
1056         Opnd := OK_Convert_To (Ctyp, Right_Opnd (Opnod));
1057
1058         Analyze (Opnd);
1059         Set_Etype (Opnd, Ctyp);
1060         Set_Analyzed (Opnd, True);
1061         Set_Right_Opnd (Opnod, Opnd);
1062
1063         --  The type of the operation changes to the base type of the check
1064         --  type, and we reset the overflow check indication, since clearly no
1065         --  overflow is possible now that we are using a double length type.
1066         --  We also set the Analyzed flag to avoid a recursive attempt to
1067         --  expand the node.
1068
1069         Set_Etype             (Opnod, Base_Type (Ctyp));
1070         Set_Do_Overflow_Check (Opnod, False);
1071         Set_Analyzed          (Opnod, True);
1072
1073         --  Now build the outer conversion
1074
1075         Opnd := OK_Convert_To (Typ, Opnod);
1076         Analyze (Opnd);
1077         Set_Etype (Opnd, Typ);
1078
1079         --  In the discrete type case, we directly generate the range check
1080         --  for the outer operand. This range check will implement the
1081         --  required overflow check.
1082
1083         if Is_Discrete_Type (Typ) then
1084            Rewrite (N, Opnd);
1085            Generate_Range_Check
1086              (Expression (N), Typ, CE_Overflow_Check_Failed);
1087
1088         --  For other types, we enable overflow checking on the conversion,
1089         --  after setting the node as analyzed to prevent recursive attempts
1090         --  to expand the conversion node.
1091
1092         else
1093            Set_Analyzed (Opnd, True);
1094            Enable_Overflow_Check (Opnd);
1095            Rewrite (N, Opnd);
1096         end if;
1097
1098      exception
1099         when RE_Not_Available =>
1100            return;
1101      end;
1102   end Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Strict;
1103
1104   ----------------------------------------------------
1105   -- Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated --
1106   ----------------------------------------------------
1107
1108   procedure Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated (Op : Node_Id) is
1109      pragma Assert (Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op (Op));
1110
1111      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Op);
1112      P   : constant Node_Id    := Parent (Op);
1113
1114      LLIB : constant Entity_Id := Base_Type (Standard_Long_Long_Integer);
1115      --  Operands and results are of this type when we convert
1116
1117      Result_Type : constant Entity_Id := Etype (Op);
1118      --  Original result type
1119
1120      Check_Mode : constant Overflow_Mode_Type := Overflow_Check_Mode;
1121      pragma Assert (Check_Mode in Minimized_Or_Eliminated);
1122
1123      Lo, Hi : Uint;
1124      --  Ranges of values for result
1125
1126   begin
1127      --  Nothing to do if our parent is one of the following:
1128
1129      --    Another signed integer arithmetic op
1130      --    A membership operation
1131      --    A comparison operation
1132
1133      --  In all these cases, we will process at the higher level (and then
1134      --  this node will be processed during the downwards recursion that
1135      --  is part of the processing in Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows).
1136
1137      if Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op (P)
1138        or else Nkind (P) in N_Membership_Test
1139        or else Nkind (P) in N_Op_Compare
1140
1141        --  This is also true for an alternative in a case expression
1142
1143        or else Nkind (P) = N_Case_Expression_Alternative
1144
1145        --  This is also true for a range operand in a membership test
1146
1147        or else (Nkind (P) = N_Range
1148                  and then Nkind (Parent (P)) in N_Membership_Test)
1149      then
1150         return;
1151      end if;
1152
1153      --  Otherwise, we have a top level arithmetic operation node, and this
1154      --  is where we commence the special processing for MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED
1155      --  modes. This is the case where we tell the machinery not to move into
1156      --  Bignum mode at this top level (of course the top level operation
1157      --  will still be in Bignum mode if either of its operands are of type
1158      --  Bignum).
1159
1160      Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows (Op, Lo, Hi, Top_Level => True);
1161
1162      --  That call may but does not necessarily change the result type of Op.
1163      --  It is the job of this routine to undo such changes, so that at the
1164      --  top level, we have the proper type. This "undoing" is a point at
1165      --  which a final overflow check may be applied.
1166
1167      --  If the result type was not fiddled we are all set. We go to base
1168      --  types here because things may have been rewritten to generate the
1169      --  base type of the operand types.
1170
1171      if Base_Type (Etype (Op)) = Base_Type (Result_Type) then
1172         return;
1173
1174      --  Bignum case
1175
1176      elsif Is_RTE (Etype (Op), RE_Bignum) then
1177
1178         --  We need a sequence that looks like:
1179
1180         --    Rnn : Result_Type;
1181
1182         --    declare
1183         --       M : Mark_Id := SS_Mark;
1184         --    begin
1185         --       Rnn := Long_Long_Integer'Base (From_Bignum (Op));
1186         --       SS_Release (M);
1187         --    end;
1188
1189         --  This block is inserted (using Insert_Actions), and then the node
1190         --  is replaced with a reference to Rnn.
1191
1192         --  A special case arises if our parent is a conversion node. In this
1193         --  case no point in generating a conversion to Result_Type, we will
1194         --  let the parent handle this. Note that this special case is not
1195         --  just about optimization. Consider
1196
1197         --      A,B,C : Integer;
1198         --      ...
1199         --      X := Long_Long_Integer'Base (A * (B ** C));
1200
1201         --  Now the product may fit in Long_Long_Integer but not in Integer.
1202         --  In MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED mode, we don't want to introduce an
1203         --  overflow exception for this intermediate value.
1204
1205         declare
1206            Blk : constant Node_Id  := Make_Bignum_Block (Loc);
1207            Rnn : constant Entity_Id := Make_Temporary (Loc, 'R', Op);
1208            RHS : Node_Id;
1209
1210            Rtype : Entity_Id;
1211
1212         begin
1213            RHS := Convert_From_Bignum (Op);
1214
1215            if Nkind (P) /= N_Type_Conversion then
1216               Convert_To_And_Rewrite (Result_Type, RHS);
1217               Rtype := Result_Type;
1218
1219               --  Interesting question, do we need a check on that conversion
1220               --  operation. Answer, not if we know the result is in range.
1221               --  At the moment we are not taking advantage of this. To be
1222               --  looked at later ???
1223
1224            else
1225               Rtype := LLIB;
1226            end if;
1227
1228            Insert_Before
1229              (First (Statements (Handled_Statement_Sequence (Blk))),
1230               Make_Assignment_Statement (Loc,
1231                 Name       => New_Occurrence_Of (Rnn, Loc),
1232                 Expression => RHS));
1233
1234            Insert_Actions (Op, New_List (
1235              Make_Object_Declaration (Loc,
1236                Defining_Identifier => Rnn,
1237                Object_Definition   => New_Occurrence_Of (Rtype, Loc)),
1238              Blk));
1239
1240            Rewrite (Op, New_Occurrence_Of (Rnn, Loc));
1241            Analyze_And_Resolve (Op);
1242         end;
1243
1244      --  Here we know the result is Long_Long_Integer'Base, of that it has
1245      --  been rewritten because the parent operation is a conversion. See
1246      --  Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Strict.Conversion_Optimization.
1247
1248      else
1249         pragma Assert
1250           (Etype (Op) = LLIB or else Nkind (Parent (Op)) = N_Type_Conversion);
1251
1252         --  All we need to do here is to convert the result to the proper
1253         --  result type. As explained above for the Bignum case, we can
1254         --  omit this if our parent is a type conversion.
1255
1256         if Nkind (P) /= N_Type_Conversion then
1257            Convert_To_And_Rewrite (Result_Type, Op);
1258         end if;
1259
1260         Analyze_And_Resolve (Op);
1261      end if;
1262   end Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated;
1263
1264   ----------------------------
1265   -- Apply_Constraint_Check --
1266   ----------------------------
1267
1268   procedure Apply_Constraint_Check
1269     (N          : Node_Id;
1270      Typ        : Entity_Id;
1271      No_Sliding : Boolean := False)
1272   is
1273      Desig_Typ : Entity_Id;
1274
1275   begin
1276      --  No checks inside a generic (check the instantiations)
1277
1278      if Inside_A_Generic then
1279         return;
1280      end if;
1281
1282      --  Apply required constraint checks
1283
1284      if Is_Scalar_Type (Typ) then
1285         Apply_Scalar_Range_Check (N, Typ);
1286
1287      elsif Is_Array_Type (Typ) then
1288
1289         --  A useful optimization: an aggregate with only an others clause
1290         --  always has the right bounds.
1291
1292         if Nkind (N) = N_Aggregate
1293           and then No (Expressions (N))
1294           and then Nkind
1295            (First (Choices (First (Component_Associations (N)))))
1296              = N_Others_Choice
1297         then
1298            return;
1299         end if;
1300
1301         if Is_Constrained (Typ) then
1302            Apply_Length_Check (N, Typ);
1303
1304            if No_Sliding then
1305               Apply_Range_Check (N, Typ);
1306            end if;
1307         else
1308            Apply_Range_Check (N, Typ);
1309         end if;
1310
1311      elsif (Is_Record_Type (Typ) or else Is_Private_Type (Typ))
1312        and then Has_Discriminants (Base_Type (Typ))
1313        and then Is_Constrained (Typ)
1314      then
1315         Apply_Discriminant_Check (N, Typ);
1316
1317      elsif Is_Access_Type (Typ) then
1318
1319         Desig_Typ := Designated_Type (Typ);
1320
1321         --  No checks necessary if expression statically null
1322
1323         if Known_Null (N) then
1324            if Can_Never_Be_Null (Typ) then
1325               Install_Null_Excluding_Check (N);
1326            end if;
1327
1328         --  No sliding possible on access to arrays
1329
1330         elsif Is_Array_Type (Desig_Typ) then
1331            if Is_Constrained (Desig_Typ) then
1332               Apply_Length_Check (N, Typ);
1333            end if;
1334
1335            Apply_Range_Check (N, Typ);
1336
1337         elsif Has_Discriminants (Base_Type (Desig_Typ))
1338            and then Is_Constrained (Desig_Typ)
1339         then
1340            Apply_Discriminant_Check (N, Typ);
1341         end if;
1342
1343         --  Apply the 2005 Null_Excluding check. Note that we do not apply
1344         --  this check if the constraint node is illegal, as shown by having
1345         --  an error posted. This additional guard prevents cascaded errors
1346         --  and compiler aborts on illegal programs involving Ada 2005 checks.
1347
1348         if Can_Never_Be_Null (Typ)
1349           and then not Can_Never_Be_Null (Etype (N))
1350           and then not Error_Posted (N)
1351         then
1352            Install_Null_Excluding_Check (N);
1353         end if;
1354      end if;
1355   end Apply_Constraint_Check;
1356
1357   ------------------------------
1358   -- Apply_Discriminant_Check --
1359   ------------------------------
1360
1361   procedure Apply_Discriminant_Check
1362     (N   : Node_Id;
1363      Typ : Entity_Id;
1364      Lhs : Node_Id := Empty)
1365   is
1366      Loc       : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
1367      Do_Access : constant Boolean    := Is_Access_Type (Typ);
1368      S_Typ     : Entity_Id  := Etype (N);
1369      Cond      : Node_Id;
1370      T_Typ     : Entity_Id;
1371
1372      function Denotes_Explicit_Dereference (Obj : Node_Id) return Boolean;
1373      --  A heap object with an indefinite subtype is constrained by its
1374      --  initial value, and assigning to it requires a constraint_check.
1375      --  The target may be an explicit dereference, or a renaming of one.
1376
1377      function Is_Aliased_Unconstrained_Component return Boolean;
1378      --  It is possible for an aliased component to have a nominal
1379      --  unconstrained subtype (through instantiation). If this is a
1380      --  discriminated component assigned in the expansion of an aggregate
1381      --  in an initialization, the check must be suppressed. This unusual
1382      --  situation requires a predicate of its own.
1383
1384      ----------------------------------
1385      -- Denotes_Explicit_Dereference --
1386      ----------------------------------
1387
1388      function Denotes_Explicit_Dereference (Obj : Node_Id) return Boolean is
1389      begin
1390         return
1391           Nkind (Obj) = N_Explicit_Dereference
1392             or else
1393               (Is_Entity_Name (Obj)
1394                 and then Present (Renamed_Object (Entity (Obj)))
1395                 and then Nkind (Renamed_Object (Entity (Obj))) =
1396                                              N_Explicit_Dereference);
1397      end Denotes_Explicit_Dereference;
1398
1399      ----------------------------------------
1400      -- Is_Aliased_Unconstrained_Component --
1401      ----------------------------------------
1402
1403      function Is_Aliased_Unconstrained_Component return Boolean is
1404         Comp : Entity_Id;
1405         Pref : Node_Id;
1406
1407      begin
1408         if Nkind (Lhs) /= N_Selected_Component then
1409            return False;
1410         else
1411            Comp := Entity (Selector_Name (Lhs));
1412            Pref := Prefix (Lhs);
1413         end if;
1414
1415         if Ekind (Comp) /= E_Component
1416           or else not Is_Aliased (Comp)
1417         then
1418            return False;
1419         end if;
1420
1421         return not Comes_From_Source (Pref)
1422           and then In_Instance
1423           and then not Is_Constrained (Etype (Comp));
1424      end Is_Aliased_Unconstrained_Component;
1425
1426   --  Start of processing for Apply_Discriminant_Check
1427
1428   begin
1429      if Do_Access then
1430         T_Typ := Designated_Type (Typ);
1431      else
1432         T_Typ := Typ;
1433      end if;
1434
1435      --  Nothing to do if discriminant checks are suppressed or else no code
1436      --  is to be generated
1437
1438      if not Expander_Active
1439        or else Discriminant_Checks_Suppressed (T_Typ)
1440      then
1441         return;
1442      end if;
1443
1444      --  No discriminant checks necessary for an access when expression is
1445      --  statically Null. This is not only an optimization, it is fundamental
1446      --  because otherwise discriminant checks may be generated in init procs
1447      --  for types containing an access to a not-yet-frozen record, causing a
1448      --  deadly forward reference.
1449
1450      --  Also, if the expression is of an access type whose designated type is
1451      --  incomplete, then the access value must be null and we suppress the
1452      --  check.
1453
1454      if Known_Null (N) then
1455         return;
1456
1457      elsif Is_Access_Type (S_Typ) then
1458         S_Typ := Designated_Type (S_Typ);
1459
1460         if Ekind (S_Typ) = E_Incomplete_Type then
1461            return;
1462         end if;
1463      end if;
1464
1465      --  If an assignment target is present, then we need to generate the
1466      --  actual subtype if the target is a parameter or aliased object with
1467      --  an unconstrained nominal subtype.
1468
1469      --  Ada 2005 (AI-363): For Ada 2005, we limit the building of the actual
1470      --  subtype to the parameter and dereference cases, since other aliased
1471      --  objects are unconstrained (unless the nominal subtype is explicitly
1472      --  constrained).
1473
1474      if Present (Lhs)
1475        and then (Present (Param_Entity (Lhs))
1476                   or else (Ada_Version < Ada_2005
1477                             and then not Is_Constrained (T_Typ)
1478                             and then Is_Aliased_View (Lhs)
1479                             and then not Is_Aliased_Unconstrained_Component)
1480                   or else (Ada_Version >= Ada_2005
1481                             and then not Is_Constrained (T_Typ)
1482                             and then Denotes_Explicit_Dereference (Lhs)
1483                             and then Nkind (Original_Node (Lhs)) /=
1484                                        N_Function_Call))
1485      then
1486         T_Typ := Get_Actual_Subtype (Lhs);
1487      end if;
1488
1489      --  Nothing to do if the type is unconstrained (this is the case where
1490      --  the actual subtype in the RM sense of N is unconstrained and no check
1491      --  is required).
1492
1493      if not Is_Constrained (T_Typ) then
1494         return;
1495
1496      --  Ada 2005: nothing to do if the type is one for which there is a
1497      --  partial view that is constrained.
1498
1499      elsif Ada_Version >= Ada_2005
1500        and then Object_Type_Has_Constrained_Partial_View
1501                   (Typ  => Base_Type (T_Typ),
1502                    Scop => Current_Scope)
1503      then
1504         return;
1505      end if;
1506
1507      --  Nothing to do if the type is an Unchecked_Union
1508
1509      if Is_Unchecked_Union (Base_Type (T_Typ)) then
1510         return;
1511      end if;
1512
1513      --  Suppress checks if the subtypes are the same. The check must be
1514      --  preserved in an assignment to a formal, because the constraint is
1515      --  given by the actual.
1516
1517      if Nkind (Original_Node (N)) /= N_Allocator
1518        and then (No (Lhs)
1519                   or else not Is_Entity_Name (Lhs)
1520                   or else No (Param_Entity (Lhs)))
1521      then
1522         if (Etype (N) = Typ
1523              or else (Do_Access and then Designated_Type (Typ) = S_Typ))
1524           and then not Is_Aliased_View (Lhs)
1525         then
1526            return;
1527         end if;
1528
1529      --  We can also eliminate checks on allocators with a subtype mark that
1530      --  coincides with the context type. The context type may be a subtype
1531      --  without a constraint (common case, a generic actual).
1532
1533      elsif Nkind (Original_Node (N)) = N_Allocator
1534        and then Is_Entity_Name (Expression (Original_Node (N)))
1535      then
1536         declare
1537            Alloc_Typ : constant Entity_Id :=
1538              Entity (Expression (Original_Node (N)));
1539
1540         begin
1541            if Alloc_Typ = T_Typ
1542              or else (Nkind (Parent (T_Typ)) = N_Subtype_Declaration
1543                        and then Is_Entity_Name (
1544                          Subtype_Indication (Parent (T_Typ)))
1545                        and then Alloc_Typ = Base_Type (T_Typ))
1546
1547            then
1548               return;
1549            end if;
1550         end;
1551      end if;
1552
1553      --  See if we have a case where the types are both constrained, and all
1554      --  the constraints are constants. In this case, we can do the check
1555      --  successfully at compile time.
1556
1557      --  We skip this check for the case where the node is rewritten as
1558      --  an allocator, because it already carries the context subtype,
1559      --  and extracting the discriminants from the aggregate is messy.
1560
1561      if Is_Constrained (S_Typ)
1562        and then Nkind (Original_Node (N)) /= N_Allocator
1563      then
1564         declare
1565            DconT : Elmt_Id;
1566            Discr : Entity_Id;
1567            DconS : Elmt_Id;
1568            ItemS : Node_Id;
1569            ItemT : Node_Id;
1570
1571         begin
1572            --  S_Typ may not have discriminants in the case where it is a
1573            --  private type completed by a default discriminated type. In that
1574            --  case, we need to get the constraints from the underlying type.
1575            --  If the underlying type is unconstrained (i.e. has no default
1576            --  discriminants) no check is needed.
1577
1578            if Has_Discriminants (S_Typ) then
1579               Discr := First_Discriminant (S_Typ);
1580               DconS := First_Elmt (Discriminant_Constraint (S_Typ));
1581
1582            else
1583               Discr := First_Discriminant (Underlying_Type (S_Typ));
1584               DconS :=
1585                 First_Elmt
1586                   (Discriminant_Constraint (Underlying_Type (S_Typ)));
1587
1588               if No (DconS) then
1589                  return;
1590               end if;
1591
1592               --  A further optimization: if T_Typ is derived from S_Typ
1593               --  without imposing a constraint, no check is needed.
1594
1595               if Nkind (Original_Node (Parent (T_Typ))) =
1596                 N_Full_Type_Declaration
1597               then
1598                  declare
1599                     Type_Def : constant Node_Id :=
1600                       Type_Definition (Original_Node (Parent (T_Typ)));
1601                  begin
1602                     if Nkind (Type_Def) = N_Derived_Type_Definition
1603                       and then Is_Entity_Name (Subtype_Indication (Type_Def))
1604                       and then Entity (Subtype_Indication (Type_Def)) = S_Typ
1605                     then
1606                        return;
1607                     end if;
1608                  end;
1609               end if;
1610            end if;
1611
1612            --  Constraint may appear in full view of type
1613
1614            if Ekind (T_Typ) = E_Private_Subtype
1615              and then Present (Full_View (T_Typ))
1616            then
1617               DconT :=
1618                 First_Elmt (Discriminant_Constraint (Full_View (T_Typ)));
1619            else
1620               DconT :=
1621                 First_Elmt (Discriminant_Constraint (T_Typ));
1622            end if;
1623
1624            while Present (Discr) loop
1625               ItemS := Node (DconS);
1626               ItemT := Node (DconT);
1627
1628               --  For a discriminated component type constrained by the
1629               --  current instance of an enclosing type, there is no
1630               --  applicable discriminant check.
1631
1632               if Nkind (ItemT) = N_Attribute_Reference
1633                 and then Is_Access_Type (Etype (ItemT))
1634                 and then Is_Entity_Name (Prefix (ItemT))
1635                 and then Is_Type (Entity (Prefix (ItemT)))
1636               then
1637                  return;
1638               end if;
1639
1640               --  If the expressions for the discriminants are identical
1641               --  and it is side-effect free (for now just an entity),
1642               --  this may be a shared constraint, e.g. from a subtype
1643               --  without a constraint introduced as a generic actual.
1644               --  Examine other discriminants if any.
1645
1646               if ItemS = ItemT
1647                 and then Is_Entity_Name (ItemS)
1648               then
1649                  null;
1650
1651               elsif not Is_OK_Static_Expression (ItemS)
1652                 or else not Is_OK_Static_Expression (ItemT)
1653               then
1654                  exit;
1655
1656               elsif Expr_Value (ItemS) /= Expr_Value (ItemT) then
1657                  if Do_Access then   --  needs run-time check.
1658                     exit;
1659                  else
1660                     Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
1661                       (N, "incorrect value for discriminant&??",
1662                        CE_Discriminant_Check_Failed, Ent => Discr);
1663                     return;
1664                  end if;
1665               end if;
1666
1667               Next_Elmt (DconS);
1668               Next_Elmt (DconT);
1669               Next_Discriminant (Discr);
1670            end loop;
1671
1672            if No (Discr) then
1673               return;
1674            end if;
1675         end;
1676      end if;
1677
1678      --  Here we need a discriminant check. First build the expression
1679      --  for the comparisons of the discriminants:
1680
1681      --    (n.disc1 /= typ.disc1) or else
1682      --    (n.disc2 /= typ.disc2) or else
1683      --     ...
1684      --    (n.discn /= typ.discn)
1685
1686      Cond := Build_Discriminant_Checks (N, T_Typ);
1687
1688      --  If Lhs is set and is a parameter, then the condition is guarded by:
1689      --  lhs'constrained and then (condition built above)
1690
1691      if Present (Param_Entity (Lhs)) then
1692         Cond :=
1693           Make_And_Then (Loc,
1694             Left_Opnd =>
1695               Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
1696                 Prefix => New_Occurrence_Of (Param_Entity (Lhs), Loc),
1697                 Attribute_Name => Name_Constrained),
1698             Right_Opnd => Cond);
1699      end if;
1700
1701      if Do_Access then
1702         Cond := Guard_Access (Cond, Loc, N);
1703      end if;
1704
1705      Insert_Action (N,
1706        Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
1707          Condition => Cond,
1708          Reason    => CE_Discriminant_Check_Failed));
1709   end Apply_Discriminant_Check;
1710
1711   -------------------------
1712   -- Apply_Divide_Checks --
1713   -------------------------
1714
1715   procedure Apply_Divide_Checks (N : Node_Id) is
1716      Loc   : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
1717      Typ   : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (N);
1718      Left  : constant Node_Id    := Left_Opnd (N);
1719      Right : constant Node_Id    := Right_Opnd (N);
1720
1721      Mode : constant Overflow_Mode_Type := Overflow_Check_Mode;
1722      --  Current overflow checking mode
1723
1724      LLB : Uint;
1725      Llo : Uint;
1726      Lhi : Uint;
1727      LOK : Boolean;
1728      Rlo : Uint;
1729      Rhi : Uint;
1730      ROK : Boolean;
1731
1732      pragma Warnings (Off, Lhi);
1733      --  Don't actually use this value
1734
1735   begin
1736      --  If we are operating in MINIMIZED or ELIMINATED mode, and we are
1737      --  operating on signed integer types, then the only thing this routine
1738      --  does is to call Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated. That
1739      --  procedure will (possibly later on during recursive downward calls),
1740      --  ensure that any needed overflow/division checks are properly applied.
1741
1742      if Mode in Minimized_Or_Eliminated
1743        and then Is_Signed_Integer_Type (Typ)
1744      then
1745         Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Minimized_Eliminated (N);
1746         return;
1747      end if;
1748
1749      --  Proceed here in SUPPRESSED or CHECKED modes
1750
1751      if Expander_Active
1752        and then not Backend_Divide_Checks_On_Target
1753        and then Check_Needed (Right, Division_Check)
1754      then
1755         Determine_Range (Right, ROK, Rlo, Rhi, Assume_Valid => True);
1756
1757         --  Deal with division check
1758
1759         if Do_Division_Check (N)
1760           and then not Division_Checks_Suppressed (Typ)
1761         then
1762            Apply_Division_Check (N, Rlo, Rhi, ROK);
1763         end if;
1764
1765         --  Deal with overflow check
1766
1767         if Do_Overflow_Check (N)
1768           and then not Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (N))
1769         then
1770            --  Test for extremely annoying case of xxx'First divided by -1
1771            --  for division of signed integer types (only overflow case).
1772
1773            if Nkind (N) = N_Op_Divide
1774              and then Is_Signed_Integer_Type (Typ)
1775            then
1776               Determine_Range (Left, LOK, Llo, Lhi, Assume_Valid => True);
1777               LLB := Expr_Value (Type_Low_Bound (Base_Type (Typ)));
1778
1779               if ((not ROK) or else (Rlo <= (-1) and then (-1) <= Rhi))
1780                     and then
1781                  ((not LOK) or else (Llo = LLB))
1782               then
1783                  Insert_Action (N,
1784                    Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
1785                      Condition =>
1786                        Make_And_Then (Loc,
1787                          Left_Opnd  =>
1788                            Make_Op_Eq (Loc,
1789                              Left_Opnd  =>
1790                                Duplicate_Subexpr_Move_Checks (Left),
1791                              Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, LLB)),
1792
1793                          Right_Opnd =>
1794                            Make_Op_Eq (Loc,
1795                              Left_Opnd  => Duplicate_Subexpr (Right),
1796                              Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, -1))),
1797
1798                      Reason => CE_Overflow_Check_Failed));
1799               end if;
1800            end if;
1801         end if;
1802      end if;
1803   end Apply_Divide_Checks;
1804
1805   --------------------------
1806   -- Apply_Division_Check --
1807   --------------------------
1808
1809   procedure Apply_Division_Check
1810     (N   : Node_Id;
1811      Rlo : Uint;
1812      Rhi : Uint;
1813      ROK : Boolean)
1814   is
1815      pragma Assert (Do_Division_Check (N));
1816
1817      Loc   : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
1818      Right : constant Node_Id    := Right_Opnd (N);
1819
1820   begin
1821      if Expander_Active
1822        and then not Backend_Divide_Checks_On_Target
1823        and then Check_Needed (Right, Division_Check)
1824      then
1825         --  See if division by zero possible, and if so generate test. This
1826         --  part of the test is not controlled by the -gnato switch, since
1827         --  it is a Division_Check and not an Overflow_Check.
1828
1829         if Do_Division_Check (N) then
1830            if (not ROK) or else (Rlo <= 0 and then 0 <= Rhi) then
1831               Insert_Action (N,
1832                 Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
1833                   Condition =>
1834                     Make_Op_Eq (Loc,
1835                       Left_Opnd  => Duplicate_Subexpr_Move_Checks (Right),
1836                       Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, 0)),
1837                   Reason => CE_Divide_By_Zero));
1838            end if;
1839         end if;
1840      end if;
1841   end Apply_Division_Check;
1842
1843   ----------------------------------
1844   -- Apply_Float_Conversion_Check --
1845   ----------------------------------
1846
1847   --  Let F and I be the source and target types of the conversion. The RM
1848   --  specifies that a floating-point value X is rounded to the nearest
1849   --  integer, with halfway cases being rounded away from zero. The rounded
1850   --  value of X is checked against I'Range.
1851
1852   --  The catch in the above paragraph is that there is no good way to know
1853   --  whether the round-to-integer operation resulted in overflow. A remedy is
1854   --  to perform a range check in the floating-point domain instead, however:
1855
1856   --      (1)  The bounds may not be known at compile time
1857   --      (2)  The check must take into account rounding or truncation.
1858   --      (3)  The range of type I may not be exactly representable in F.
1859   --      (4)  For the rounding case, The end-points I'First - 0.5 and
1860   --           I'Last + 0.5 may or may not be in range, depending on the
1861   --           sign of  I'First and I'Last.
1862   --      (5)  X may be a NaN, which will fail any comparison
1863
1864   --  The following steps correctly convert X with rounding:
1865
1866   --      (1) If either I'First or I'Last is not known at compile time, use
1867   --          I'Base instead of I in the next three steps and perform a
1868   --          regular range check against I'Range after conversion.
1869   --      (2) If I'First - 0.5 is representable in F then let Lo be that
1870   --          value and define Lo_OK as (I'First > 0). Otherwise, let Lo be
1871   --          F'Machine (I'First) and let Lo_OK be (Lo >= I'First).
1872   --          In other words, take one of the closest floating-point numbers
1873   --          (which is an integer value) to I'First, and see if it is in
1874   --          range or not.
1875   --      (3) If I'Last + 0.5 is representable in F then let Hi be that value
1876   --          and define Hi_OK as (I'Last < 0). Otherwise, let Hi be
1877   --          F'Machine (I'Last) and let Hi_OK be (Hi <= I'Last).
1878   --      (4) Raise CE when (Lo_OK and X < Lo) or (not Lo_OK and X <= Lo)
1879   --                     or (Hi_OK and X > Hi) or (not Hi_OK and X >= Hi)
1880
1881   --  For the truncating case, replace steps (2) and (3) as follows:
1882   --      (2) If I'First > 0, then let Lo be F'Pred (I'First) and let Lo_OK
1883   --          be False. Otherwise, let Lo be F'Succ (I'First - 1) and let
1884   --          Lo_OK be True.
1885   --      (3) If I'Last < 0, then let Hi be F'Succ (I'Last) and let Hi_OK
1886   --          be False. Otherwise let Hi be F'Pred (I'Last + 1) and let
1887   --          Hi_OK be True.
1888
1889   procedure Apply_Float_Conversion_Check
1890     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
1891      Target_Typ : Entity_Id)
1892   is
1893      LB          : constant Node_Id    := Type_Low_Bound (Target_Typ);
1894      HB          : constant Node_Id    := Type_High_Bound (Target_Typ);
1895      Loc         : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Ck_Node);
1896      Expr_Type   : constant Entity_Id  := Base_Type (Etype (Ck_Node));
1897      Target_Base : constant Entity_Id  :=
1898        Implementation_Base_Type (Target_Typ);
1899
1900      Par : constant Node_Id := Parent (Ck_Node);
1901      pragma Assert (Nkind (Par) = N_Type_Conversion);
1902      --  Parent of check node, must be a type conversion
1903
1904      Truncate  : constant Boolean := Float_Truncate (Par);
1905      Max_Bound : constant Uint :=
1906        UI_Expon
1907          (Machine_Radix_Value (Expr_Type),
1908           Machine_Mantissa_Value (Expr_Type) - 1) - 1;
1909
1910      --  Largest bound, so bound plus or minus half is a machine number of F
1911
1912      Ifirst, Ilast : Uint;
1913      --  Bounds of integer type
1914
1915      Lo, Hi : Ureal;
1916      --  Bounds to check in floating-point domain
1917
1918      Lo_OK, Hi_OK : Boolean;
1919      --  True iff Lo resp. Hi belongs to I'Range
1920
1921      Lo_Chk, Hi_Chk : Node_Id;
1922      --  Expressions that are False iff check fails
1923
1924      Reason : RT_Exception_Code;
1925
1926   begin
1927      --  We do not need checks if we are not generating code (i.e. the full
1928      --  expander is not active). In SPARK mode, we specifically don't want
1929      --  the frontend to expand these checks, which are dealt with directly
1930      --  in the formal verification backend.
1931
1932      if not Expander_Active then
1933         return;
1934      end if;
1935
1936      if not Compile_Time_Known_Value (LB)
1937          or not Compile_Time_Known_Value (HB)
1938      then
1939         declare
1940            --  First check that the value falls in the range of the base type,
1941            --  to prevent overflow during conversion and then perform a
1942            --  regular range check against the (dynamic) bounds.
1943
1944            pragma Assert (Target_Base /= Target_Typ);
1945
1946            Temp : constant Entity_Id := Make_Temporary (Loc, 'T', Par);
1947
1948         begin
1949            Apply_Float_Conversion_Check (Ck_Node, Target_Base);
1950            Set_Etype (Temp, Target_Base);
1951
1952            Insert_Action (Parent (Par),
1953              Make_Object_Declaration (Loc,
1954                Defining_Identifier => Temp,
1955                Object_Definition => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Typ, Loc),
1956                Expression => New_Copy_Tree (Par)),
1957                Suppress => All_Checks);
1958
1959            Insert_Action (Par,
1960              Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
1961                Condition =>
1962                  Make_Not_In (Loc,
1963                    Left_Opnd  => New_Occurrence_Of (Temp, Loc),
1964                    Right_Opnd => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Typ, Loc)),
1965                Reason => CE_Range_Check_Failed));
1966            Rewrite (Par, New_Occurrence_Of (Temp, Loc));
1967
1968            return;
1969         end;
1970      end if;
1971
1972      --  Get the (static) bounds of the target type
1973
1974      Ifirst := Expr_Value (LB);
1975      Ilast  := Expr_Value (HB);
1976
1977      --  A simple optimization: if the expression is a universal literal,
1978      --  we can do the comparison with the bounds and the conversion to
1979      --  an integer type statically. The range checks are unchanged.
1980
1981      if Nkind (Ck_Node) = N_Real_Literal
1982        and then Etype (Ck_Node) = Universal_Real
1983        and then Is_Integer_Type (Target_Typ)
1984        and then Nkind (Parent (Ck_Node)) = N_Type_Conversion
1985      then
1986         declare
1987            Int_Val : constant Uint := UR_To_Uint (Realval (Ck_Node));
1988
1989         begin
1990            if Int_Val <= Ilast and then Int_Val >= Ifirst then
1991
1992               --  Conversion is safe
1993
1994               Rewrite (Parent (Ck_Node),
1995                 Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, UI_To_Int (Int_Val)));
1996               Analyze_And_Resolve (Parent (Ck_Node), Target_Typ);
1997               return;
1998            end if;
1999         end;
2000      end if;
2001
2002      --  Check against lower bound
2003
2004      if Truncate and then Ifirst > 0 then
2005         Lo := Pred (Expr_Type, UR_From_Uint (Ifirst));
2006         Lo_OK := False;
2007
2008      elsif Truncate then
2009         Lo := Succ (Expr_Type, UR_From_Uint (Ifirst - 1));
2010         Lo_OK := True;
2011
2012      elsif abs (Ifirst) < Max_Bound then
2013         Lo := UR_From_Uint (Ifirst) - Ureal_Half;
2014         Lo_OK := (Ifirst > 0);
2015
2016      else
2017         Lo := Machine (Expr_Type, UR_From_Uint (Ifirst), Round_Even, Ck_Node);
2018         Lo_OK := (Lo >= UR_From_Uint (Ifirst));
2019      end if;
2020
2021      if Lo_OK then
2022
2023         --  Lo_Chk := (X >= Lo)
2024
2025         Lo_Chk := Make_Op_Ge (Loc,
2026                     Left_Opnd => Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Ck_Node),
2027                     Right_Opnd => Make_Real_Literal (Loc, Lo));
2028
2029      else
2030         --  Lo_Chk := (X > Lo)
2031
2032         Lo_Chk := Make_Op_Gt (Loc,
2033                     Left_Opnd => Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Ck_Node),
2034                     Right_Opnd => Make_Real_Literal (Loc, Lo));
2035      end if;
2036
2037      --  Check against higher bound
2038
2039      if Truncate and then Ilast < 0 then
2040         Hi := Succ (Expr_Type, UR_From_Uint (Ilast));
2041         Hi_OK := False;
2042
2043      elsif Truncate then
2044         Hi := Pred (Expr_Type, UR_From_Uint (Ilast + 1));
2045         Hi_OK := True;
2046
2047      elsif abs (Ilast) < Max_Bound then
2048         Hi := UR_From_Uint (Ilast) + Ureal_Half;
2049         Hi_OK := (Ilast < 0);
2050      else
2051         Hi := Machine (Expr_Type, UR_From_Uint (Ilast), Round_Even, Ck_Node);
2052         Hi_OK := (Hi <= UR_From_Uint (Ilast));
2053      end if;
2054
2055      if Hi_OK then
2056
2057         --  Hi_Chk := (X <= Hi)
2058
2059         Hi_Chk := Make_Op_Le (Loc,
2060                     Left_Opnd => Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Ck_Node),
2061                     Right_Opnd => Make_Real_Literal (Loc, Hi));
2062
2063      else
2064         --  Hi_Chk := (X < Hi)
2065
2066         Hi_Chk := Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
2067                     Left_Opnd => Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Ck_Node),
2068                     Right_Opnd => Make_Real_Literal (Loc, Hi));
2069      end if;
2070
2071      --  If the bounds of the target type are the same as those of the base
2072      --  type, the check is an overflow check as a range check is not
2073      --  performed in these cases.
2074
2075      if Expr_Value (Type_Low_Bound (Target_Base)) = Ifirst
2076        and then Expr_Value (Type_High_Bound (Target_Base)) = Ilast
2077      then
2078         Reason := CE_Overflow_Check_Failed;
2079      else
2080         Reason := CE_Range_Check_Failed;
2081      end if;
2082
2083      --  Raise CE if either conditions does not hold
2084
2085      Insert_Action (Ck_Node,
2086        Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
2087          Condition => Make_Op_Not (Loc, Make_And_Then (Loc, Lo_Chk, Hi_Chk)),
2088          Reason    => Reason));
2089   end Apply_Float_Conversion_Check;
2090
2091   ------------------------
2092   -- Apply_Length_Check --
2093   ------------------------
2094
2095   procedure Apply_Length_Check
2096     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
2097      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
2098      Source_Typ : Entity_Id := Empty)
2099   is
2100   begin
2101      Apply_Selected_Length_Checks
2102        (Ck_Node, Target_Typ, Source_Typ, Do_Static => False);
2103   end Apply_Length_Check;
2104
2105   -------------------------------------
2106   -- Apply_Parameter_Aliasing_Checks --
2107   -------------------------------------
2108
2109   procedure Apply_Parameter_Aliasing_Checks
2110     (Call : Node_Id;
2111      Subp : Entity_Id)
2112   is
2113      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Call);
2114
2115      function May_Cause_Aliasing
2116        (Formal_1 : Entity_Id;
2117         Formal_2 : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
2118      --  Determine whether two formal parameters can alias each other
2119      --  depending on their modes.
2120
2121      function Original_Actual (N : Node_Id) return Node_Id;
2122      --  The expander may replace an actual with a temporary for the sake of
2123      --  side effect removal. The temporary may hide a potential aliasing as
2124      --  it does not share the address of the actual. This routine attempts
2125      --  to retrieve the original actual.
2126
2127      procedure Overlap_Check
2128        (Actual_1 : Node_Id;
2129         Actual_2 : Node_Id;
2130         Formal_1 : Entity_Id;
2131         Formal_2 : Entity_Id;
2132         Check    : in out Node_Id);
2133      --  Create a check to determine whether Actual_1 overlaps with Actual_2.
2134      --  If detailed exception messages are enabled, the check is augmented to
2135      --  provide information about the names of the corresponding formals. See
2136      --  the body for details. Actual_1 and Actual_2 denote the two actuals to
2137      --  be tested. Formal_1 and Formal_2 denote the corresponding formals.
2138      --  Check contains all and-ed simple tests generated so far or remains
2139      --  unchanged in the case of detailed exception messaged.
2140
2141      ------------------------
2142      -- May_Cause_Aliasing --
2143      ------------------------
2144
2145      function May_Cause_Aliasing
2146        (Formal_1 : Entity_Id;
2147         Formal_2 : Entity_Id) return Boolean
2148      is
2149      begin
2150         --  The following combination cannot lead to aliasing
2151
2152         --     Formal 1    Formal 2
2153         --     IN          IN
2154
2155         if Ekind (Formal_1) = E_In_Parameter
2156              and then
2157            Ekind (Formal_2) = E_In_Parameter
2158         then
2159            return False;
2160
2161         --  The following combinations may lead to aliasing
2162
2163         --     Formal 1    Formal 2
2164         --     IN          OUT
2165         --     IN          IN OUT
2166         --     OUT         IN
2167         --     OUT         IN OUT
2168         --     OUT         OUT
2169
2170         else
2171            return True;
2172         end if;
2173      end May_Cause_Aliasing;
2174
2175      ---------------------
2176      -- Original_Actual --
2177      ---------------------
2178
2179      function Original_Actual (N : Node_Id) return Node_Id is
2180      begin
2181         if Nkind (N) = N_Type_Conversion then
2182            return Expression (N);
2183
2184         --  The expander created a temporary to capture the result of a type
2185         --  conversion where the expression is the real actual.
2186
2187         elsif Nkind (N) = N_Identifier
2188           and then Present (Original_Node (N))
2189           and then Nkind (Original_Node (N)) = N_Type_Conversion
2190         then
2191            return Expression (Original_Node (N));
2192         end if;
2193
2194         return N;
2195      end Original_Actual;
2196
2197      -------------------
2198      -- Overlap_Check --
2199      -------------------
2200
2201      procedure Overlap_Check
2202        (Actual_1 : Node_Id;
2203         Actual_2 : Node_Id;
2204         Formal_1 : Entity_Id;
2205         Formal_2 : Entity_Id;
2206         Check    : in out Node_Id)
2207      is
2208         Cond      : Node_Id;
2209         ID_Casing : constant Casing_Type :=
2210                       Identifier_Casing (Source_Index (Current_Sem_Unit));
2211
2212      begin
2213         --  Generate:
2214         --    Actual_1'Overlaps_Storage (Actual_2)
2215
2216         Cond :=
2217           Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
2218             Prefix         => New_Copy_Tree (Original_Actual (Actual_1)),
2219             Attribute_Name => Name_Overlaps_Storage,
2220             Expressions    =>
2221               New_List (New_Copy_Tree (Original_Actual (Actual_2))));
2222
2223         --  Generate the following check when detailed exception messages are
2224         --  enabled:
2225
2226         --    if Actual_1'Overlaps_Storage (Actual_2) then
2227         --       raise Program_Error with <detailed message>;
2228         --    end if;
2229
2230         if Exception_Extra_Info then
2231            Start_String;
2232
2233            --  Do not generate location information for internal calls
2234
2235            if Comes_From_Source (Call) then
2236               Store_String_Chars (Build_Location_String (Loc));
2237               Store_String_Char (' ');
2238            end if;
2239
2240            Store_String_Chars ("aliased parameters, actuals for """);
2241
2242            Get_Name_String (Chars (Formal_1));
2243            Set_Casing (ID_Casing);
2244            Store_String_Chars (Name_Buffer (1 .. Name_Len));
2245
2246            Store_String_Chars (""" and """);
2247
2248            Get_Name_String (Chars (Formal_2));
2249            Set_Casing (ID_Casing);
2250            Store_String_Chars (Name_Buffer (1 .. Name_Len));
2251
2252            Store_String_Chars (""" overlap");
2253
2254            Insert_Action (Call,
2255              Make_If_Statement (Loc,
2256                Condition       => Cond,
2257                Then_Statements => New_List (
2258                  Make_Raise_Statement (Loc,
2259                    Name       =>
2260                      New_Occurrence_Of (Standard_Program_Error, Loc),
2261                    Expression => Make_String_Literal (Loc, End_String)))));
2262
2263         --  Create a sequence of overlapping checks by and-ing them all
2264         --  together.
2265
2266         else
2267            if No (Check) then
2268               Check := Cond;
2269            else
2270               Check :=
2271                 Make_And_Then (Loc,
2272                   Left_Opnd  => Check,
2273                   Right_Opnd => Cond);
2274            end if;
2275         end if;
2276      end Overlap_Check;
2277
2278      --  Local variables
2279
2280      Actual_1 : Node_Id;
2281      Actual_2 : Node_Id;
2282      Check    : Node_Id;
2283      Formal_1 : Entity_Id;
2284      Formal_2 : Entity_Id;
2285
2286   --  Start of processing for Apply_Parameter_Aliasing_Checks
2287
2288   begin
2289      Check := Empty;
2290
2291      Actual_1 := First_Actual (Call);
2292      Formal_1 := First_Formal (Subp);
2293      while Present (Actual_1) and then Present (Formal_1) loop
2294
2295         --  Ensure that the actual is an object that is not passed by value.
2296         --  Elementary types are always passed by value, therefore actuals of
2297         --  such types cannot lead to aliasing.
2298
2299         if Is_Object_Reference (Original_Actual (Actual_1))
2300           and then not Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Original_Actual (Actual_1)))
2301         then
2302            Actual_2 := Next_Actual (Actual_1);
2303            Formal_2 := Next_Formal (Formal_1);
2304            while Present (Actual_2) and then Present (Formal_2) loop
2305
2306               --  The other actual we are testing against must also denote
2307               --  a non pass-by-value object. Generate the check only when
2308               --  the mode of the two formals may lead to aliasing.
2309
2310               if Is_Object_Reference (Original_Actual (Actual_2))
2311                 and then not
2312                   Is_Elementary_Type (Etype (Original_Actual (Actual_2)))
2313                 and then May_Cause_Aliasing (Formal_1, Formal_2)
2314               then
2315                  Overlap_Check
2316                    (Actual_1 => Actual_1,
2317                     Actual_2 => Actual_2,
2318                     Formal_1 => Formal_1,
2319                     Formal_2 => Formal_2,
2320                     Check    => Check);
2321               end if;
2322
2323               Next_Actual (Actual_2);
2324               Next_Formal (Formal_2);
2325            end loop;
2326         end if;
2327
2328         Next_Actual (Actual_1);
2329         Next_Formal (Formal_1);
2330      end loop;
2331
2332      --  Place a simple check right before the call
2333
2334      if Present (Check) and then not Exception_Extra_Info then
2335         Insert_Action (Call,
2336           Make_Raise_Program_Error (Loc,
2337             Condition => Check,
2338             Reason    => PE_Aliased_Parameters));
2339      end if;
2340   end Apply_Parameter_Aliasing_Checks;
2341
2342   -------------------------------------
2343   -- Apply_Parameter_Validity_Checks --
2344   -------------------------------------
2345
2346   procedure Apply_Parameter_Validity_Checks (Subp : Entity_Id) is
2347      Subp_Decl : Node_Id;
2348
2349      procedure Add_Validity_Check
2350        (Context    : Entity_Id;
2351         PPC_Nam    : Name_Id;
2352         For_Result : Boolean := False);
2353      --  Add a single 'Valid[_Scalar] check which verifies the initialization
2354      --  of Context. PPC_Nam denotes the pre or post condition pragma name.
2355      --  Set flag For_Result when to verify the result of a function.
2356
2357      procedure Build_PPC_Pragma (PPC_Nam : Name_Id; Check : Node_Id);
2358      --  Create a pre or post condition pragma with name PPC_Nam which
2359      --  tests expression Check.
2360
2361      ------------------------
2362      -- Add_Validity_Check --
2363      ------------------------
2364
2365      procedure Add_Validity_Check
2366        (Context    : Entity_Id;
2367         PPC_Nam    : Name_Id;
2368         For_Result : Boolean := False)
2369      is
2370         Loc   : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Subp);
2371         Typ   : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (Context);
2372         Check : Node_Id;
2373         Nam   : Name_Id;
2374
2375      begin
2376         --  Pick the proper version of 'Valid depending on the type of the
2377         --  context. If the context is not eligible for such a check, return.
2378
2379         if Is_Scalar_Type (Typ) then
2380            Nam := Name_Valid;
2381         elsif not No_Scalar_Parts (Typ) then
2382            Nam := Name_Valid_Scalars;
2383         else
2384            return;
2385         end if;
2386
2387         --  Step 1: Create the expression to verify the validity of the
2388         --  context.
2389
2390         Check := New_Occurrence_Of (Context, Loc);
2391
2392         --  When processing a function result, use 'Result. Generate
2393         --    Context'Result
2394
2395         if For_Result then
2396            Check :=
2397              Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
2398                Prefix         => Check,
2399                Attribute_Name => Name_Result);
2400         end if;
2401
2402         --  Generate:
2403         --    Context['Result]'Valid[_Scalars]
2404
2405         Check :=
2406           Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
2407             Prefix         => Check,
2408             Attribute_Name => Nam);
2409
2410         --  Step 2: Create a pre or post condition pragma
2411
2412         Build_PPC_Pragma (PPC_Nam, Check);
2413      end Add_Validity_Check;
2414
2415      ----------------------
2416      -- Build_PPC_Pragma --
2417      ----------------------
2418
2419      procedure Build_PPC_Pragma (PPC_Nam : Name_Id; Check : Node_Id) is
2420         Loc   : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Subp);
2421         Decls : List_Id;
2422         Prag  : Node_Id;
2423
2424      begin
2425         Prag :=
2426           Make_Pragma (Loc,
2427             Pragma_Identifier            => Make_Identifier (Loc, PPC_Nam),
2428             Pragma_Argument_Associations => New_List (
2429               Make_Pragma_Argument_Association (Loc,
2430                 Chars      => Name_Check,
2431                 Expression => Check)));
2432
2433         --  Add a message unless exception messages are suppressed
2434
2435         if not Exception_Locations_Suppressed then
2436            Append_To (Pragma_Argument_Associations (Prag),
2437              Make_Pragma_Argument_Association (Loc,
2438                Chars      => Name_Message,
2439                Expression =>
2440                  Make_String_Literal (Loc,
2441                    Strval => "failed " & Get_Name_String (PPC_Nam) &
2442                               " from " & Build_Location_String (Loc))));
2443         end if;
2444
2445         --  Insert the pragma in the tree
2446
2447         if Nkind (Parent (Subp_Decl)) = N_Compilation_Unit then
2448            Add_Global_Declaration (Prag);
2449            Analyze (Prag);
2450
2451         --  PPC pragmas associated with subprogram bodies must be inserted in
2452         --  the declarative part of the body.
2453
2454         elsif Nkind (Subp_Decl) = N_Subprogram_Body then
2455            Decls := Declarations (Subp_Decl);
2456
2457            if No (Decls) then
2458               Decls := New_List;
2459               Set_Declarations (Subp_Decl, Decls);
2460            end if;
2461
2462            Prepend_To (Decls, Prag);
2463
2464            --  Ensure the proper visibility of the subprogram body and its
2465            --  parameters.
2466
2467            Push_Scope (Subp);
2468            Analyze (Prag);
2469            Pop_Scope;
2470
2471         --  For subprogram declarations insert the PPC pragma right after the
2472         --  declarative node.
2473
2474         else
2475            Insert_After_And_Analyze (Subp_Decl, Prag);
2476         end if;
2477      end Build_PPC_Pragma;
2478
2479      --  Local variables
2480
2481      Formal    : Entity_Id;
2482      Subp_Spec : Node_Id;
2483
2484   --  Start of processing for Apply_Parameter_Validity_Checks
2485
2486   begin
2487      --  Extract the subprogram specification and declaration nodes
2488
2489      Subp_Spec := Parent (Subp);
2490
2491      if Nkind (Subp_Spec) = N_Defining_Program_Unit_Name then
2492         Subp_Spec := Parent (Subp_Spec);
2493      end if;
2494
2495      Subp_Decl := Parent (Subp_Spec);
2496
2497      if not Comes_From_Source (Subp)
2498
2499         --  Do not process formal subprograms because the corresponding actual
2500         --  will receive the proper checks when the instance is analyzed.
2501
2502        or else Is_Formal_Subprogram (Subp)
2503
2504        --  Do not process imported subprograms since pre and post conditions
2505        --  are never verified on routines coming from a different language.
2506
2507        or else Is_Imported (Subp)
2508        or else Is_Intrinsic_Subprogram (Subp)
2509
2510        --  The PPC pragmas generated by this routine do not correspond to
2511        --  source aspects, therefore they cannot be applied to abstract
2512        --  subprograms.
2513
2514        or else Nkind (Subp_Decl) = N_Abstract_Subprogram_Declaration
2515
2516        --  Do not consider subprogram renaminds because the renamed entity
2517        --  already has the proper PPC pragmas.
2518
2519        or else Nkind (Subp_Decl) = N_Subprogram_Renaming_Declaration
2520
2521        --  Do not process null procedures because there is no benefit of
2522        --  adding the checks to a no action routine.
2523
2524        or else (Nkind (Subp_Spec) = N_Procedure_Specification
2525                  and then Null_Present (Subp_Spec))
2526      then
2527         return;
2528      end if;
2529
2530      --  Inspect all the formals applying aliasing and scalar initialization
2531      --  checks where applicable.
2532
2533      Formal := First_Formal (Subp);
2534      while Present (Formal) loop
2535
2536         --  Generate the following scalar initialization checks for each
2537         --  formal parameter:
2538
2539         --    mode IN     - Pre       => Formal'Valid[_Scalars]
2540         --    mode IN OUT - Pre, Post => Formal'Valid[_Scalars]
2541         --    mode    OUT -      Post => Formal'Valid[_Scalars]
2542
2543         if Check_Validity_Of_Parameters then
2544            if Ekind_In (Formal, E_In_Parameter, E_In_Out_Parameter) then
2545               Add_Validity_Check (Formal, Name_Precondition, False);
2546            end if;
2547
2548            if Ekind_In (Formal, E_In_Out_Parameter, E_Out_Parameter) then
2549               Add_Validity_Check (Formal, Name_Postcondition, False);
2550            end if;
2551         end if;
2552
2553         Next_Formal (Formal);
2554      end loop;
2555
2556      --  Generate following scalar initialization check for function result:
2557
2558      --    Post => Subp'Result'Valid[_Scalars]
2559
2560      if Check_Validity_Of_Parameters and then Ekind (Subp) = E_Function then
2561         Add_Validity_Check (Subp, Name_Postcondition, True);
2562      end if;
2563   end Apply_Parameter_Validity_Checks;
2564
2565   ---------------------------
2566   -- Apply_Predicate_Check --
2567   ---------------------------
2568
2569   procedure Apply_Predicate_Check (N : Node_Id; Typ : Entity_Id) is
2570      S : Entity_Id;
2571
2572   begin
2573      if Present (Predicate_Function (Typ)) then
2574
2575         S := Current_Scope;
2576         while Present (S) and then not Is_Subprogram (S) loop
2577            S := Scope (S);
2578         end loop;
2579
2580         --  A predicate check does not apply within internally generated
2581         --  subprograms, such as TSS functions.
2582
2583         if Within_Internal_Subprogram then
2584            return;
2585
2586         --  If the check appears within the predicate function itself, it
2587         --  means that the user specified a check whose formal is the
2588         --  predicated subtype itself, rather than some covering type. This
2589         --  is likely to be a common error, and thus deserves a warning.
2590
2591         elsif Present (S) and then S = Predicate_Function (Typ) then
2592            Error_Msg_N
2593              ("predicate check includes a function call that "
2594               & "requires a predicate check??", Parent (N));
2595            Error_Msg_N
2596              ("\this will result in infinite recursion??", Parent (N));
2597            Insert_Action (N,
2598              Make_Raise_Storage_Error (Sloc (N),
2599                Reason => SE_Infinite_Recursion));
2600
2601         --  Here for normal case of predicate active
2602
2603         else
2604            --  If the type has a static predicate and the expression is known
2605            --  at compile time, see if the expression satisfies the predicate.
2606
2607            Check_Expression_Against_Static_Predicate (N, Typ);
2608
2609            Insert_Action (N,
2610              Make_Predicate_Check (Typ, Duplicate_Subexpr (N)));
2611         end if;
2612      end if;
2613   end Apply_Predicate_Check;
2614
2615   -----------------------
2616   -- Apply_Range_Check --
2617   -----------------------
2618
2619   procedure Apply_Range_Check
2620     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
2621      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
2622      Source_Typ : Entity_Id := Empty)
2623   is
2624   begin
2625      Apply_Selected_Range_Checks
2626        (Ck_Node, Target_Typ, Source_Typ, Do_Static => False);
2627   end Apply_Range_Check;
2628
2629   ------------------------------
2630   -- Apply_Scalar_Range_Check --
2631   ------------------------------
2632
2633   --  Note that Apply_Scalar_Range_Check never turns the Do_Range_Check flag
2634   --  off if it is already set on.
2635
2636   procedure Apply_Scalar_Range_Check
2637     (Expr       : Node_Id;
2638      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
2639      Source_Typ : Entity_Id := Empty;
2640      Fixed_Int  : Boolean   := False)
2641   is
2642      Parnt   : constant Node_Id := Parent (Expr);
2643      S_Typ   : Entity_Id;
2644      Arr     : Node_Id   := Empty;  -- initialize to prevent warning
2645      Arr_Typ : Entity_Id := Empty;  -- initialize to prevent warning
2646      OK      : Boolean;
2647
2648      Is_Subscr_Ref : Boolean;
2649      --  Set true if Expr is a subscript
2650
2651      Is_Unconstrained_Subscr_Ref : Boolean;
2652      --  Set true if Expr is a subscript of an unconstrained array. In this
2653      --  case we do not attempt to do an analysis of the value against the
2654      --  range of the subscript, since we don't know the actual subtype.
2655
2656      Int_Real : Boolean;
2657      --  Set to True if Expr should be regarded as a real value even though
2658      --  the type of Expr might be discrete.
2659
2660      procedure Bad_Value;
2661      --  Procedure called if value is determined to be out of range
2662
2663      ---------------
2664      -- Bad_Value --
2665      ---------------
2666
2667      procedure Bad_Value is
2668      begin
2669         Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
2670           (Expr, "value not in range of}??", CE_Range_Check_Failed,
2671            Ent => Target_Typ,
2672            Typ => Target_Typ);
2673      end Bad_Value;
2674
2675   --  Start of processing for Apply_Scalar_Range_Check
2676
2677   begin
2678      --  Return if check obviously not needed
2679
2680      if
2681         --  Not needed inside generic
2682
2683         Inside_A_Generic
2684
2685         --  Not needed if previous error
2686
2687         or else Target_Typ = Any_Type
2688         or else Nkind (Expr) = N_Error
2689
2690         --  Not needed for non-scalar type
2691
2692         or else not Is_Scalar_Type (Target_Typ)
2693
2694         --  Not needed if we know node raises CE already
2695
2696         or else Raises_Constraint_Error (Expr)
2697      then
2698         return;
2699      end if;
2700
2701      --  Now, see if checks are suppressed
2702
2703      Is_Subscr_Ref :=
2704        Is_List_Member (Expr) and then Nkind (Parnt) = N_Indexed_Component;
2705
2706      if Is_Subscr_Ref then
2707         Arr := Prefix (Parnt);
2708         Arr_Typ := Get_Actual_Subtype_If_Available (Arr);
2709
2710         if Is_Access_Type (Arr_Typ) then
2711            Arr_Typ := Designated_Type (Arr_Typ);
2712         end if;
2713      end if;
2714
2715      if not Do_Range_Check (Expr) then
2716
2717         --  Subscript reference. Check for Index_Checks suppressed
2718
2719         if Is_Subscr_Ref then
2720
2721            --  Check array type and its base type
2722
2723            if Index_Checks_Suppressed (Arr_Typ)
2724              or else Index_Checks_Suppressed (Base_Type (Arr_Typ))
2725            then
2726               return;
2727
2728            --  Check array itself if it is an entity name
2729
2730            elsif Is_Entity_Name (Arr)
2731              and then Index_Checks_Suppressed (Entity (Arr))
2732            then
2733               return;
2734
2735            --  Check expression itself if it is an entity name
2736
2737            elsif Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
2738              and then Index_Checks_Suppressed (Entity (Expr))
2739            then
2740               return;
2741            end if;
2742
2743         --  All other cases, check for Range_Checks suppressed
2744
2745         else
2746            --  Check target type and its base type
2747
2748            if Range_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Typ)
2749              or else Range_Checks_Suppressed (Base_Type (Target_Typ))
2750            then
2751               return;
2752
2753            --  Check expression itself if it is an entity name
2754
2755            elsif Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
2756              and then Range_Checks_Suppressed (Entity (Expr))
2757            then
2758               return;
2759
2760            --  If Expr is part of an assignment statement, then check left
2761            --  side of assignment if it is an entity name.
2762
2763            elsif Nkind (Parnt) = N_Assignment_Statement
2764              and then Is_Entity_Name (Name (Parnt))
2765              and then Range_Checks_Suppressed (Entity (Name (Parnt)))
2766            then
2767               return;
2768            end if;
2769         end if;
2770      end if;
2771
2772      --  Do not set range checks if they are killed
2773
2774      if Nkind (Expr) = N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion
2775        and then Kill_Range_Check (Expr)
2776      then
2777         return;
2778      end if;
2779
2780      --  Do not set range checks for any values from System.Scalar_Values
2781      --  since the whole idea of such values is to avoid checking them.
2782
2783      if Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
2784        and then Is_RTU (Scope (Entity (Expr)), System_Scalar_Values)
2785      then
2786         return;
2787      end if;
2788
2789      --  Now see if we need a check
2790
2791      if No (Source_Typ) then
2792         S_Typ := Etype (Expr);
2793      else
2794         S_Typ := Source_Typ;
2795      end if;
2796
2797      if not Is_Scalar_Type (S_Typ) or else S_Typ = Any_Type then
2798         return;
2799      end if;
2800
2801      Is_Unconstrained_Subscr_Ref :=
2802        Is_Subscr_Ref and then not Is_Constrained (Arr_Typ);
2803
2804      --  Special checks for floating-point type
2805
2806      if Is_Floating_Point_Type (S_Typ) then
2807
2808         --  Always do a range check if the source type includes infinities and
2809         --  the target type does not include infinities. We do not do this if
2810         --  range checks are killed.
2811
2812         if Has_Infinities (S_Typ)
2813           and then not Has_Infinities (Target_Typ)
2814         then
2815            Enable_Range_Check (Expr);
2816
2817         --  Always do a range check for operators if option set
2818
2819         elsif Check_Float_Overflow and then Nkind (Expr) in N_Op then
2820            Enable_Range_Check (Expr);
2821         end if;
2822      end if;
2823
2824      --  Return if we know expression is definitely in the range of the target
2825      --  type as determined by Determine_Range. Right now we only do this for
2826      --  discrete types, and not fixed-point or floating-point types.
2827
2828      --  The additional less-precise tests below catch these cases
2829
2830      --  Note: skip this if we are given a source_typ, since the point of
2831      --  supplying a Source_Typ is to stop us looking at the expression.
2832      --  We could sharpen this test to be out parameters only ???
2833
2834      if Is_Discrete_Type (Target_Typ)
2835        and then Is_Discrete_Type (Etype (Expr))
2836        and then not Is_Unconstrained_Subscr_Ref
2837        and then No (Source_Typ)
2838      then
2839         declare
2840            Tlo : constant Node_Id := Type_Low_Bound  (Target_Typ);
2841            Thi : constant Node_Id := Type_High_Bound (Target_Typ);
2842            Lo  : Uint;
2843            Hi  : Uint;
2844
2845         begin
2846            if Compile_Time_Known_Value (Tlo)
2847              and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (Thi)
2848            then
2849               declare
2850                  Lov : constant Uint := Expr_Value (Tlo);
2851                  Hiv : constant Uint := Expr_Value (Thi);
2852
2853               begin
2854                  --  If range is null, we for sure have a constraint error
2855                  --  (we don't even need to look at the value involved,
2856                  --  since all possible values will raise CE).
2857
2858                  if Lov > Hiv then
2859                     Bad_Value;
2860                     return;
2861                  end if;
2862
2863                  --  Otherwise determine range of value
2864
2865                  Determine_Range (Expr, OK, Lo, Hi, Assume_Valid => True);
2866
2867                  if OK then
2868
2869                     --  If definitely in range, all OK
2870
2871                     if Lo >= Lov and then Hi <= Hiv then
2872                        return;
2873
2874                     --  If definitely not in range, warn
2875
2876                     elsif Lov > Hi or else Hiv < Lo then
2877                        Bad_Value;
2878                        return;
2879
2880                     --  Otherwise we don't know
2881
2882                     else
2883                        null;
2884                     end if;
2885                  end if;
2886               end;
2887            end if;
2888         end;
2889      end if;
2890
2891      Int_Real :=
2892        Is_Floating_Point_Type (S_Typ)
2893          or else (Is_Fixed_Point_Type (S_Typ) and then not Fixed_Int);
2894
2895      --  Check if we can determine at compile time whether Expr is in the
2896      --  range of the target type. Note that if S_Typ is within the bounds
2897      --  of Target_Typ then this must be the case. This check is meaningful
2898      --  only if this is not a conversion between integer and real types.
2899
2900      if not Is_Unconstrained_Subscr_Ref
2901        and then Is_Discrete_Type (S_Typ) = Is_Discrete_Type (Target_Typ)
2902        and then
2903          (In_Subrange_Of (S_Typ, Target_Typ, Fixed_Int)
2904             or else
2905               Is_In_Range (Expr, Target_Typ,
2906                            Assume_Valid => True,
2907                            Fixed_Int    => Fixed_Int,
2908                            Int_Real     => Int_Real))
2909      then
2910         return;
2911
2912      elsif Is_Out_Of_Range (Expr, Target_Typ,
2913                             Assume_Valid => True,
2914                             Fixed_Int    => Fixed_Int,
2915                             Int_Real     => Int_Real)
2916      then
2917         Bad_Value;
2918         return;
2919
2920      --  Floating-point case
2921      --  In the floating-point case, we only do range checks if the type is
2922      --  constrained. We definitely do NOT want range checks for unconstrained
2923      --  types, since we want to have infinities
2924
2925      elsif Is_Floating_Point_Type (S_Typ) then
2926
2927      --  Normally, we only do range checks if the type is constrained. We do
2928      --  NOT want range checks for unconstrained types, since we want to have
2929      --  infinities. Override this decision in Check_Float_Overflow mode.
2930
2931         if Is_Constrained (S_Typ) or else Check_Float_Overflow then
2932            Enable_Range_Check (Expr);
2933         end if;
2934
2935      --  For all other cases we enable a range check unconditionally
2936
2937      else
2938         Enable_Range_Check (Expr);
2939         return;
2940      end if;
2941   end Apply_Scalar_Range_Check;
2942
2943   ----------------------------------
2944   -- Apply_Selected_Length_Checks --
2945   ----------------------------------
2946
2947   procedure Apply_Selected_Length_Checks
2948     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
2949      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
2950      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
2951      Do_Static  : Boolean)
2952   is
2953      Cond     : Node_Id;
2954      R_Result : Check_Result;
2955      R_Cno    : Node_Id;
2956
2957      Loc         : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Ck_Node);
2958      Checks_On   : constant Boolean :=
2959        (not Index_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Typ))
2960          or else (not Length_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Typ));
2961
2962   begin
2963      --  Note: this means that we lose some useful warnings if the expander
2964      --  is not active, and we also lose these warnings in SPARK mode ???
2965
2966      if not Expander_Active then
2967         return;
2968      end if;
2969
2970      R_Result :=
2971        Selected_Length_Checks (Ck_Node, Target_Typ, Source_Typ, Empty);
2972
2973      for J in 1 .. 2 loop
2974         R_Cno := R_Result (J);
2975         exit when No (R_Cno);
2976
2977         --  A length check may mention an Itype which is attached to a
2978         --  subsequent node. At the top level in a package this can cause
2979         --  an order-of-elaboration problem, so we make sure that the itype
2980         --  is referenced now.
2981
2982         if Ekind (Current_Scope) = E_Package
2983           and then Is_Compilation_Unit (Current_Scope)
2984         then
2985            Ensure_Defined (Target_Typ, Ck_Node);
2986
2987            if Present (Source_Typ) then
2988               Ensure_Defined (Source_Typ, Ck_Node);
2989
2990            elsif Is_Itype (Etype (Ck_Node)) then
2991               Ensure_Defined (Etype (Ck_Node), Ck_Node);
2992            end if;
2993         end if;
2994
2995         --  If the item is a conditional raise of constraint error, then have
2996         --  a look at what check is being performed and ???
2997
2998         if Nkind (R_Cno) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error
2999           and then Present (Condition (R_Cno))
3000         then
3001            Cond := Condition (R_Cno);
3002
3003            --  Case where node does not now have a dynamic check
3004
3005            if not Has_Dynamic_Length_Check (Ck_Node) then
3006
3007               --  If checks are on, just insert the check
3008
3009               if Checks_On then
3010                  Insert_Action (Ck_Node, R_Cno);
3011
3012                  if not Do_Static then
3013                     Set_Has_Dynamic_Length_Check (Ck_Node);
3014                  end if;
3015
3016               --  If checks are off, then analyze the length check after
3017               --  temporarily attaching it to the tree in case the relevant
3018               --  condition can be evaluated at compile time. We still want a
3019               --  compile time warning in this case.
3020
3021               else
3022                  Set_Parent (R_Cno, Ck_Node);
3023                  Analyze (R_Cno);
3024               end if;
3025            end if;
3026
3027            --  Output a warning if the condition is known to be True
3028
3029            if Is_Entity_Name (Cond)
3030              and then Entity (Cond) = Standard_True
3031            then
3032               Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
3033                 (Ck_Node, "wrong length for array of}??",
3034                  CE_Length_Check_Failed,
3035                  Ent => Target_Typ,
3036                  Typ => Target_Typ);
3037
3038            --  If we were only doing a static check, or if checks are not
3039            --  on, then we want to delete the check, since it is not needed.
3040            --  We do this by replacing the if statement by a null statement
3041
3042            elsif Do_Static or else not Checks_On then
3043               Remove_Warning_Messages (R_Cno);
3044               Rewrite (R_Cno, Make_Null_Statement (Loc));
3045            end if;
3046
3047         else
3048            Install_Static_Check (R_Cno, Loc);
3049         end if;
3050      end loop;
3051   end Apply_Selected_Length_Checks;
3052
3053   ---------------------------------
3054   -- Apply_Selected_Range_Checks --
3055   ---------------------------------
3056
3057   procedure Apply_Selected_Range_Checks
3058     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
3059      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
3060      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
3061      Do_Static  : Boolean)
3062   is
3063      Loc       : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Ck_Node);
3064      Checks_On : constant Boolean :=
3065                    not Index_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Typ)
3066                      or else
3067                    not Range_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Typ);
3068
3069      Cond     : Node_Id;
3070      R_Cno    : Node_Id;
3071      R_Result : Check_Result;
3072
3073   begin
3074      if not Expander_Active or not Checks_On then
3075         return;
3076      end if;
3077
3078      R_Result :=
3079        Selected_Range_Checks (Ck_Node, Target_Typ, Source_Typ, Empty);
3080
3081      for J in 1 .. 2 loop
3082         R_Cno := R_Result (J);
3083         exit when No (R_Cno);
3084
3085         --  The range check requires runtime evaluation. Depending on what its
3086         --  triggering condition is, the check may be converted into a compile
3087         --  time constraint check.
3088
3089         if Nkind (R_Cno) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error
3090           and then Present (Condition (R_Cno))
3091         then
3092            Cond := Condition (R_Cno);
3093
3094            --  Insert the range check before the related context. Note that
3095            --  this action analyses the triggering condition.
3096
3097            Insert_Action (Ck_Node, R_Cno);
3098
3099            --  This old code doesn't make sense, why is the context flagged as
3100            --  requiring dynamic range checks now in the middle of generating
3101            --  them ???
3102
3103            if not Do_Static then
3104               Set_Has_Dynamic_Range_Check (Ck_Node);
3105            end if;
3106
3107            --  The triggering condition evaluates to True, the range check
3108            --  can be converted into a compile time constraint check.
3109
3110            if Is_Entity_Name (Cond)
3111              and then Entity (Cond) = Standard_True
3112            then
3113               --  Since an N_Range is technically not an expression, we have
3114               --  to set one of the bounds to C_E and then just flag the
3115               --  N_Range. The warning message will point to the lower bound
3116               --  and complain about a range, which seems OK.
3117
3118               if Nkind (Ck_Node) = N_Range then
3119                  Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
3120                    (Low_Bound (Ck_Node),
3121                     "static range out of bounds of}??",
3122                     CE_Range_Check_Failed,
3123                     Ent => Target_Typ,
3124                     Typ => Target_Typ);
3125
3126                  Set_Raises_Constraint_Error (Ck_Node);
3127
3128               else
3129                  Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
3130                    (Ck_Node,
3131                     "static value out of range of}?",
3132                     CE_Range_Check_Failed,
3133                     Ent => Target_Typ,
3134                     Typ => Target_Typ);
3135               end if;
3136
3137            --  If we were only doing a static check, or if checks are not
3138            --  on, then we want to delete the check, since it is not needed.
3139            --  We do this by replacing the if statement by a null statement
3140
3141            --  Why are we even generating checks if checks are turned off ???
3142
3143            elsif Do_Static or else not Checks_On then
3144               Remove_Warning_Messages (R_Cno);
3145               Rewrite (R_Cno, Make_Null_Statement (Loc));
3146            end if;
3147
3148         --  The range check raises Constrant_Error explicitly
3149
3150         else
3151            Install_Static_Check (R_Cno, Loc);
3152         end if;
3153      end loop;
3154   end Apply_Selected_Range_Checks;
3155
3156   -------------------------------
3157   -- Apply_Static_Length_Check --
3158   -------------------------------
3159
3160   procedure Apply_Static_Length_Check
3161     (Expr       : Node_Id;
3162      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
3163      Source_Typ : Entity_Id := Empty)
3164   is
3165   begin
3166      Apply_Selected_Length_Checks
3167        (Expr, Target_Typ, Source_Typ, Do_Static => True);
3168   end Apply_Static_Length_Check;
3169
3170   -------------------------------------
3171   -- Apply_Subscript_Validity_Checks --
3172   -------------------------------------
3173
3174   procedure Apply_Subscript_Validity_Checks (Expr : Node_Id) is
3175      Sub : Node_Id;
3176
3177   begin
3178      pragma Assert (Nkind (Expr) = N_Indexed_Component);
3179
3180      --  Loop through subscripts
3181
3182      Sub := First (Expressions (Expr));
3183      while Present (Sub) loop
3184
3185         --  Check one subscript. Note that we do not worry about enumeration
3186         --  type with holes, since we will convert the value to a Pos value
3187         --  for the subscript, and that convert will do the necessary validity
3188         --  check.
3189
3190         Ensure_Valid (Sub, Holes_OK => True);
3191
3192         --  Move to next subscript
3193
3194         Sub := Next (Sub);
3195      end loop;
3196   end Apply_Subscript_Validity_Checks;
3197
3198   ----------------------------------
3199   -- Apply_Type_Conversion_Checks --
3200   ----------------------------------
3201
3202   procedure Apply_Type_Conversion_Checks (N : Node_Id) is
3203      Target_Type : constant Entity_Id := Etype (N);
3204      Target_Base : constant Entity_Id := Base_Type (Target_Type);
3205      Expr        : constant Node_Id   := Expression (N);
3206
3207      Expr_Type : constant Entity_Id := Underlying_Type (Etype (Expr));
3208      --  Note: if Etype (Expr) is a private type without discriminants, its
3209      --  full view might have discriminants with defaults, so we need the
3210      --  full view here to retrieve the constraints.
3211
3212   begin
3213      if Inside_A_Generic then
3214         return;
3215
3216      --  Skip these checks if serious errors detected, there are some nasty
3217      --  situations of incomplete trees that blow things up.
3218
3219      elsif Serious_Errors_Detected > 0 then
3220         return;
3221
3222      --  Never generate discriminant checks for Unchecked_Union types
3223
3224      elsif Present (Expr_Type)
3225        and then Is_Unchecked_Union (Expr_Type)
3226      then
3227         return;
3228
3229      --  Scalar type conversions of the form Target_Type (Expr) require a
3230      --  range check if we cannot be sure that Expr is in the base type of
3231      --  Target_Typ and also that Expr is in the range of Target_Typ. These
3232      --  are not quite the same condition from an implementation point of
3233      --  view, but clearly the second includes the first.
3234
3235      elsif Is_Scalar_Type (Target_Type) then
3236         declare
3237            Conv_OK  : constant Boolean := Conversion_OK (N);
3238            --  If the Conversion_OK flag on the type conversion is set and no
3239            --  floating-point type is involved in the type conversion then
3240            --  fixed-point values must be read as integral values.
3241
3242            Float_To_Int : constant Boolean :=
3243              Is_Floating_Point_Type (Expr_Type)
3244              and then Is_Integer_Type (Target_Type);
3245
3246         begin
3247            if not Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Base)
3248              and then not Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Type)
3249              and then not
3250                In_Subrange_Of (Expr_Type, Target_Base, Fixed_Int => Conv_OK)
3251              and then not Float_To_Int
3252            then
3253               Activate_Overflow_Check (N);
3254            end if;
3255
3256            if not Range_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Type)
3257              and then not Range_Checks_Suppressed (Expr_Type)
3258            then
3259               if Float_To_Int then
3260                  Apply_Float_Conversion_Check (Expr, Target_Type);
3261               else
3262                  Apply_Scalar_Range_Check
3263                    (Expr, Target_Type, Fixed_Int => Conv_OK);
3264
3265                  --  If the target type has predicates, we need to indicate
3266                  --  the need for a check, even if Determine_Range finds that
3267                  --  the value is within bounds. This may be the case e.g for
3268                  --  a division with a constant denominator.
3269
3270                  if Has_Predicates (Target_Type) then
3271                     Enable_Range_Check (Expr);
3272                  end if;
3273               end if;
3274            end if;
3275         end;
3276
3277      elsif Comes_From_Source (N)
3278        and then not Discriminant_Checks_Suppressed (Target_Type)
3279        and then Is_Record_Type (Target_Type)
3280        and then Is_Derived_Type (Target_Type)
3281        and then not Is_Tagged_Type (Target_Type)
3282        and then not Is_Constrained (Target_Type)
3283        and then Present (Stored_Constraint (Target_Type))
3284      then
3285         --  An unconstrained derived type may have inherited discriminant.
3286         --  Build an actual discriminant constraint list using the stored
3287         --  constraint, to verify that the expression of the parent type
3288         --  satisfies the constraints imposed by the (unconstrained) derived
3289         --  type. This applies to value conversions, not to view conversions
3290         --  of tagged types.
3291
3292         declare
3293            Loc         : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
3294            Cond        : Node_Id;
3295            Constraint  : Elmt_Id;
3296            Discr_Value : Node_Id;
3297            Discr       : Entity_Id;
3298
3299            New_Constraints : constant Elist_Id := New_Elmt_List;
3300            Old_Constraints : constant Elist_Id :=
3301              Discriminant_Constraint (Expr_Type);
3302
3303         begin
3304            Constraint := First_Elmt (Stored_Constraint (Target_Type));
3305            while Present (Constraint) loop
3306               Discr_Value := Node (Constraint);
3307
3308               if Is_Entity_Name (Discr_Value)
3309                 and then Ekind (Entity (Discr_Value)) = E_Discriminant
3310               then
3311                  Discr := Corresponding_Discriminant (Entity (Discr_Value));
3312
3313                  if Present (Discr)
3314                    and then Scope (Discr) = Base_Type (Expr_Type)
3315                  then
3316                     --  Parent is constrained by new discriminant. Obtain
3317                     --  Value of original discriminant in expression. If the
3318                     --  new discriminant has been used to constrain more than
3319                     --  one of the stored discriminants, this will provide the
3320                     --  required consistency check.
3321
3322                     Append_Elmt
3323                       (Make_Selected_Component (Loc,
3324                          Prefix        =>
3325                            Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks
3326                              (Expr, Name_Req => True),
3327                          Selector_Name =>
3328                            Make_Identifier (Loc, Chars (Discr))),
3329                        New_Constraints);
3330
3331                  else
3332                     --  Discriminant of more remote ancestor ???
3333
3334                     return;
3335                  end if;
3336
3337               --  Derived type definition has an explicit value for this
3338               --  stored discriminant.
3339
3340               else
3341                  Append_Elmt
3342                    (Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Discr_Value),
3343                     New_Constraints);
3344               end if;
3345
3346               Next_Elmt (Constraint);
3347            end loop;
3348
3349            --  Use the unconstrained expression type to retrieve the
3350            --  discriminants of the parent, and apply momentarily the
3351            --  discriminant constraint synthesized above.
3352
3353            Set_Discriminant_Constraint (Expr_Type, New_Constraints);
3354            Cond := Build_Discriminant_Checks (Expr, Expr_Type);
3355            Set_Discriminant_Constraint (Expr_Type, Old_Constraints);
3356
3357            Insert_Action (N,
3358              Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
3359                Condition => Cond,
3360                Reason    => CE_Discriminant_Check_Failed));
3361         end;
3362
3363      --  For arrays, checks are set now, but conversions are applied during
3364      --  expansion, to take into accounts changes of representation. The
3365      --  checks become range checks on the base type or length checks on the
3366      --  subtype, depending on whether the target type is unconstrained or
3367      --  constrained. Note that the range check is put on the expression of a
3368      --  type conversion, while the length check is put on the type conversion
3369      --  itself.
3370
3371      elsif Is_Array_Type (Target_Type) then
3372         if Is_Constrained (Target_Type) then
3373            Set_Do_Length_Check (N);
3374         else
3375            Set_Do_Range_Check (Expr);
3376         end if;
3377      end if;
3378   end Apply_Type_Conversion_Checks;
3379
3380   ----------------------------------------------
3381   -- Apply_Universal_Integer_Attribute_Checks --
3382   ----------------------------------------------
3383
3384   procedure Apply_Universal_Integer_Attribute_Checks (N : Node_Id) is
3385      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
3386      Typ : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (N);
3387
3388   begin
3389      if Inside_A_Generic then
3390         return;
3391
3392      --  Nothing to do if checks are suppressed
3393
3394      elsif Range_Checks_Suppressed (Typ)
3395        and then Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Typ)
3396      then
3397         return;
3398
3399      --  Nothing to do if the attribute does not come from source. The
3400      --  internal attributes we generate of this type do not need checks,
3401      --  and furthermore the attempt to check them causes some circular
3402      --  elaboration orders when dealing with packed types.
3403
3404      elsif not Comes_From_Source (N) then
3405         return;
3406
3407      --  If the prefix is a selected component that depends on a discriminant
3408      --  the check may improperly expose a discriminant instead of using
3409      --  the bounds of the object itself. Set the type of the attribute to
3410      --  the base type of the context, so that a check will be imposed when
3411      --  needed (e.g. if the node appears as an index).
3412
3413      elsif Nkind (Prefix (N)) = N_Selected_Component
3414        and then Ekind (Typ) = E_Signed_Integer_Subtype
3415        and then Depends_On_Discriminant (Scalar_Range (Typ))
3416      then
3417         Set_Etype (N, Base_Type (Typ));
3418
3419      --  Otherwise, replace the attribute node with a type conversion node
3420      --  whose expression is the attribute, retyped to universal integer, and
3421      --  whose subtype mark is the target type. The call to analyze this
3422      --  conversion will set range and overflow checks as required for proper
3423      --  detection of an out of range value.
3424
3425      else
3426         Set_Etype    (N, Universal_Integer);
3427         Set_Analyzed (N, True);
3428
3429         Rewrite (N,
3430           Make_Type_Conversion (Loc,
3431             Subtype_Mark => New_Occurrence_Of (Typ, Loc),
3432             Expression   => Relocate_Node (N)));
3433
3434         Analyze_And_Resolve (N, Typ);
3435         return;
3436      end if;
3437   end Apply_Universal_Integer_Attribute_Checks;
3438
3439   -------------------------------------
3440   -- Atomic_Synchronization_Disabled --
3441   -------------------------------------
3442
3443   --  Note: internally Disable/Enable_Atomic_Synchronization is implemented
3444   --  using a bogus check called Atomic_Synchronization. This is to make it
3445   --  more convenient to get exactly the same semantics as [Un]Suppress.
3446
3447   function Atomic_Synchronization_Disabled (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
3448   begin
3449      --  If debug flag d.e is set, always return False, i.e. all atomic sync
3450      --  looks enabled, since it is never disabled.
3451
3452      if Debug_Flag_Dot_E then
3453         return False;
3454
3455      --  If debug flag d.d is set then always return True, i.e. all atomic
3456      --  sync looks disabled, since it always tests True.
3457
3458      elsif Debug_Flag_Dot_D then
3459         return True;
3460
3461      --  If entity present, then check result for that entity
3462
3463      elsif Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
3464         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Atomic_Synchronization);
3465
3466      --  Otherwise result depends on current scope setting
3467
3468      else
3469         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Atomic_Synchronization);
3470      end if;
3471   end Atomic_Synchronization_Disabled;
3472
3473   -------------------------------
3474   -- Build_Discriminant_Checks --
3475   -------------------------------
3476
3477   function Build_Discriminant_Checks
3478     (N     : Node_Id;
3479      T_Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id
3480   is
3481      Loc      : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
3482      Cond     : Node_Id;
3483      Disc     : Elmt_Id;
3484      Disc_Ent : Entity_Id;
3485      Dref     : Node_Id;
3486      Dval     : Node_Id;
3487
3488      function Aggregate_Discriminant_Val (Disc : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
3489
3490      ----------------------------------
3491      -- Aggregate_Discriminant_Value --
3492      ----------------------------------
3493
3494      function Aggregate_Discriminant_Val (Disc : Entity_Id) return Node_Id is
3495         Assoc : Node_Id;
3496
3497      begin
3498         --  The aggregate has been normalized with named associations. We use
3499         --  the Chars field to locate the discriminant to take into account
3500         --  discriminants in derived types, which carry the same name as those
3501         --  in the parent.
3502
3503         Assoc := First (Component_Associations (N));
3504         while Present (Assoc) loop
3505            if Chars (First (Choices (Assoc))) = Chars (Disc) then
3506               return Expression (Assoc);
3507            else
3508               Next (Assoc);
3509            end if;
3510         end loop;
3511
3512         --  Discriminant must have been found in the loop above
3513
3514         raise Program_Error;
3515      end Aggregate_Discriminant_Val;
3516
3517   --  Start of processing for Build_Discriminant_Checks
3518
3519   begin
3520      --  Loop through discriminants evolving the condition
3521
3522      Cond := Empty;
3523      Disc := First_Elmt (Discriminant_Constraint (T_Typ));
3524
3525      --  For a fully private type, use the discriminants of the parent type
3526
3527      if Is_Private_Type (T_Typ)
3528        and then No (Full_View (T_Typ))
3529      then
3530         Disc_Ent := First_Discriminant (Etype (Base_Type (T_Typ)));
3531      else
3532         Disc_Ent := First_Discriminant (T_Typ);
3533      end if;
3534
3535      while Present (Disc) loop
3536         Dval := Node (Disc);
3537
3538         if Nkind (Dval) = N_Identifier
3539           and then Ekind (Entity (Dval)) = E_Discriminant
3540         then
3541            Dval := New_Occurrence_Of (Discriminal (Entity (Dval)), Loc);
3542         else
3543            Dval := Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Dval);
3544         end if;
3545
3546         --  If we have an Unchecked_Union node, we can infer the discriminants
3547         --  of the node.
3548
3549         if Is_Unchecked_Union (Base_Type (T_Typ)) then
3550            Dref := New_Copy (
3551              Get_Discriminant_Value (
3552                First_Discriminant (T_Typ),
3553                T_Typ,
3554                Stored_Constraint (T_Typ)));
3555
3556         elsif Nkind (N) = N_Aggregate then
3557            Dref :=
3558               Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks
3559                 (Aggregate_Discriminant_Val (Disc_Ent));
3560
3561         else
3562            Dref :=
3563              Make_Selected_Component (Loc,
3564                Prefix        =>
3565                  Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (N, Name_Req => True),
3566                Selector_Name => Make_Identifier (Loc, Chars (Disc_Ent)));
3567
3568            Set_Is_In_Discriminant_Check (Dref);
3569         end if;
3570
3571         Evolve_Or_Else (Cond,
3572           Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
3573             Left_Opnd  => Dref,
3574             Right_Opnd => Dval));
3575
3576         Next_Elmt (Disc);
3577         Next_Discriminant (Disc_Ent);
3578      end loop;
3579
3580      return Cond;
3581   end Build_Discriminant_Checks;
3582
3583   ------------------
3584   -- Check_Needed --
3585   ------------------
3586
3587   function Check_Needed (Nod : Node_Id; Check : Check_Type) return Boolean is
3588      N : Node_Id;
3589      P : Node_Id;
3590      K : Node_Kind;
3591      L : Node_Id;
3592      R : Node_Id;
3593
3594      function Left_Expression (Op : Node_Id) return Node_Id;
3595      --  Return the relevant expression from the left operand of the given
3596      --  short circuit form: this is LO itself, except if LO is a qualified
3597      --  expression, a type conversion, or an expression with actions, in
3598      --  which case this is Left_Expression (Expression (LO)).
3599
3600      ---------------------
3601      -- Left_Expression --
3602      ---------------------
3603
3604      function Left_Expression (Op : Node_Id) return Node_Id is
3605         LE : Node_Id := Left_Opnd (Op);
3606      begin
3607         while Nkind_In (LE, N_Qualified_Expression,
3608                             N_Type_Conversion,
3609                             N_Expression_With_Actions)
3610         loop
3611            LE := Expression (LE);
3612         end loop;
3613
3614         return LE;
3615      end Left_Expression;
3616
3617   --  Start of processing for Check_Needed
3618
3619   begin
3620      --  Always check if not simple entity
3621
3622      if Nkind (Nod) not in N_Has_Entity
3623        or else not Comes_From_Source (Nod)
3624      then
3625         return True;
3626      end if;
3627
3628      --  Look up tree for short circuit
3629
3630      N := Nod;
3631      loop
3632         P := Parent (N);
3633         K := Nkind (P);
3634
3635         --  Done if out of subexpression (note that we allow generated stuff
3636         --  such as itype declarations in this context, to keep the loop going
3637         --  since we may well have generated such stuff in complex situations.
3638         --  Also done if no parent (probably an error condition, but no point
3639         --  in behaving nasty if we find it).
3640
3641         if No (P)
3642           or else (K not in N_Subexpr and then Comes_From_Source (P))
3643         then
3644            return True;
3645
3646         --  Or/Or Else case, where test is part of the right operand, or is
3647         --  part of one of the actions associated with the right operand, and
3648         --  the left operand is an equality test.
3649
3650         elsif K = N_Op_Or then
3651            exit when N = Right_Opnd (P)
3652              and then Nkind (Left_Expression (P)) = N_Op_Eq;
3653
3654         elsif K = N_Or_Else then
3655            exit when (N = Right_Opnd (P)
3656                        or else
3657                          (Is_List_Member (N)
3658                             and then List_Containing (N) = Actions (P)))
3659              and then Nkind (Left_Expression (P)) = N_Op_Eq;
3660
3661         --  Similar test for the And/And then case, where the left operand
3662         --  is an inequality test.
3663
3664         elsif K = N_Op_And then
3665            exit when N = Right_Opnd (P)
3666              and then Nkind (Left_Expression (P)) = N_Op_Ne;
3667
3668         elsif K = N_And_Then then
3669            exit when (N = Right_Opnd (P)
3670                        or else
3671                          (Is_List_Member (N)
3672                            and then List_Containing (N) = Actions (P)))
3673              and then Nkind (Left_Expression (P)) = N_Op_Ne;
3674         end if;
3675
3676         N := P;
3677      end loop;
3678
3679      --  If we fall through the loop, then we have a conditional with an
3680      --  appropriate test as its left operand, so look further.
3681
3682      L := Left_Expression (P);
3683
3684      --  L is an "=" or "/=" operator: extract its operands
3685
3686      R := Right_Opnd (L);
3687      L := Left_Opnd (L);
3688
3689      --  Left operand of test must match original variable
3690
3691      if Nkind (L) not in N_Has_Entity or else Entity (L) /= Entity (Nod) then
3692         return True;
3693      end if;
3694
3695      --  Right operand of test must be key value (zero or null)
3696
3697      case Check is
3698         when Access_Check =>
3699            if not Known_Null (R) then
3700               return True;
3701            end if;
3702
3703         when Division_Check =>
3704            if not Compile_Time_Known_Value (R)
3705              or else Expr_Value (R) /= Uint_0
3706            then
3707               return True;
3708            end if;
3709
3710         when others =>
3711            raise Program_Error;
3712      end case;
3713
3714      --  Here we have the optimizable case, warn if not short-circuited
3715
3716      if K = N_Op_And or else K = N_Op_Or then
3717         Error_Msg_Warn := SPARK_Mode /= On;
3718
3719         case Check is
3720            when Access_Check =>
3721               if GNATprove_Mode then
3722                  Error_Msg_N
3723                    ("Constraint_Error might have been raised (access check)",
3724                     Parent (Nod));
3725               else
3726                  Error_Msg_N
3727                    ("Constraint_Error may be raised (access check)??",
3728                     Parent (Nod));
3729               end if;
3730
3731            when Division_Check =>
3732               if GNATprove_Mode then
3733                  Error_Msg_N
3734                    ("Constraint_Error might have been raised (zero divide)",
3735                     Parent (Nod));
3736               else
3737                  Error_Msg_N
3738                    ("Constraint_Error may be raised (zero divide)??",
3739                     Parent (Nod));
3740               end if;
3741
3742            when others =>
3743               raise Program_Error;
3744         end case;
3745
3746         if K = N_Op_And then
3747            Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
3748              ("use `AND THEN` instead of AND??", P);
3749         else
3750            Error_Msg_N -- CODEFIX
3751              ("use `OR ELSE` instead of OR??", P);
3752         end if;
3753
3754         --  If not short-circuited, we need the check
3755
3756         return True;
3757
3758      --  If short-circuited, we can omit the check
3759
3760      else
3761         return False;
3762      end if;
3763   end Check_Needed;
3764
3765   -----------------------------------
3766   -- Check_Valid_Lvalue_Subscripts --
3767   -----------------------------------
3768
3769   procedure Check_Valid_Lvalue_Subscripts (Expr : Node_Id) is
3770   begin
3771      --  Skip this if range checks are suppressed
3772
3773      if Range_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (Expr)) then
3774         return;
3775
3776      --  Only do this check for expressions that come from source. We assume
3777      --  that expander generated assignments explicitly include any necessary
3778      --  checks. Note that this is not just an optimization, it avoids
3779      --  infinite recursions.
3780
3781      elsif not Comes_From_Source (Expr) then
3782         return;
3783
3784      --  For a selected component, check the prefix
3785
3786      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Selected_Component then
3787         Check_Valid_Lvalue_Subscripts (Prefix (Expr));
3788         return;
3789
3790      --  Case of indexed component
3791
3792      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Indexed_Component then
3793         Apply_Subscript_Validity_Checks (Expr);
3794
3795         --  Prefix may itself be or contain an indexed component, and these
3796         --  subscripts need checking as well.
3797
3798         Check_Valid_Lvalue_Subscripts (Prefix (Expr));
3799      end if;
3800   end Check_Valid_Lvalue_Subscripts;
3801
3802   ----------------------------------
3803   -- Null_Exclusion_Static_Checks --
3804   ----------------------------------
3805
3806   procedure Null_Exclusion_Static_Checks (N : Node_Id) is
3807      Error_Node : Node_Id;
3808      Expr       : Node_Id;
3809      Has_Null   : constant Boolean := Has_Null_Exclusion (N);
3810      K          : constant Node_Kind := Nkind (N);
3811      Typ        : Entity_Id;
3812
3813   begin
3814      pragma Assert
3815        (Nkind_In (K, N_Component_Declaration,
3816                      N_Discriminant_Specification,
3817                      N_Function_Specification,
3818                      N_Object_Declaration,
3819                      N_Parameter_Specification));
3820
3821      if K = N_Function_Specification then
3822         Typ := Etype (Defining_Entity (N));
3823      else
3824         Typ := Etype (Defining_Identifier (N));
3825      end if;
3826
3827      case K is
3828         when N_Component_Declaration =>
3829            if Present (Access_Definition (Component_Definition (N))) then
3830               Error_Node := Component_Definition (N);
3831            else
3832               Error_Node := Subtype_Indication (Component_Definition (N));
3833            end if;
3834
3835         when N_Discriminant_Specification =>
3836            Error_Node    := Discriminant_Type (N);
3837
3838         when N_Function_Specification =>
3839            Error_Node    := Result_Definition (N);
3840
3841         when N_Object_Declaration =>
3842            Error_Node    := Object_Definition (N);
3843
3844         when N_Parameter_Specification =>
3845            Error_Node    := Parameter_Type (N);
3846
3847         when others =>
3848            raise Program_Error;
3849      end case;
3850
3851      if Has_Null then
3852
3853         --  Enforce legality rule 3.10 (13): A null exclusion can only be
3854         --  applied to an access [sub]type.
3855
3856         if not Is_Access_Type (Typ) then
3857            Error_Msg_N
3858              ("`NOT NULL` allowed only for an access type", Error_Node);
3859
3860         --  Enforce legality rule RM 3.10(14/1): A null exclusion can only
3861         --  be applied to a [sub]type that does not exclude null already.
3862
3863         elsif Can_Never_Be_Null (Typ)
3864           and then Comes_From_Source (Typ)
3865         then
3866            Error_Msg_NE
3867              ("`NOT NULL` not allowed (& already excludes null)",
3868               Error_Node, Typ);
3869         end if;
3870      end if;
3871
3872      --  Check that null-excluding objects are always initialized, except for
3873      --  deferred constants, for which the expression will appear in the full
3874      --  declaration.
3875
3876      if K = N_Object_Declaration
3877        and then No (Expression (N))
3878        and then not Constant_Present (N)
3879        and then not No_Initialization (N)
3880      then
3881         --  Add an expression that assigns null. This node is needed by
3882         --  Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error, which will replace this with
3883         --  a Constraint_Error node.
3884
3885         Set_Expression (N, Make_Null (Sloc (N)));
3886         Set_Etype (Expression (N), Etype (Defining_Identifier (N)));
3887
3888         Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
3889           (N      => Expression (N),
3890            Msg    =>
3891              "(Ada 2005) null-excluding objects must be initialized??",
3892            Reason => CE_Null_Not_Allowed);
3893      end if;
3894
3895      --  Check that a null-excluding component, formal or object is not being
3896      --  assigned a null value. Otherwise generate a warning message and
3897      --  replace Expression (N) by an N_Constraint_Error node.
3898
3899      if K /= N_Function_Specification then
3900         Expr := Expression (N);
3901
3902         if Present (Expr) and then Known_Null (Expr) then
3903            case K is
3904               when N_Component_Declaration      |
3905                    N_Discriminant_Specification =>
3906                  Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
3907                    (N      => Expr,
3908                     Msg    => "(Ada 2005) null not allowed "
3909                               & "in null-excluding components??",
3910                     Reason => CE_Null_Not_Allowed);
3911
3912               when N_Object_Declaration =>
3913                  Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
3914                    (N      => Expr,
3915                     Msg    => "(Ada 2005) null not allowed "
3916                               & "in null-excluding objects?",
3917                     Reason => CE_Null_Not_Allowed);
3918
3919               when N_Parameter_Specification =>
3920                  Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
3921                    (N      => Expr,
3922                     Msg    => "(Ada 2005) null not allowed "
3923                               & "in null-excluding formals??",
3924                     Reason => CE_Null_Not_Allowed);
3925
3926               when others =>
3927                  null;
3928            end case;
3929         end if;
3930      end if;
3931   end Null_Exclusion_Static_Checks;
3932
3933   ----------------------------------
3934   -- Conditional_Statements_Begin --
3935   ----------------------------------
3936
3937   procedure Conditional_Statements_Begin is
3938   begin
3939      Saved_Checks_TOS := Saved_Checks_TOS + 1;
3940
3941      --  If stack overflows, kill all checks, that way we know to simply reset
3942      --  the number of saved checks to zero on return. This should never occur
3943      --  in practice.
3944
3945      if Saved_Checks_TOS > Saved_Checks_Stack'Last then
3946         Kill_All_Checks;
3947
3948      --  In the normal case, we just make a new stack entry saving the current
3949      --  number of saved checks for a later restore.
3950
3951      else
3952         Saved_Checks_Stack (Saved_Checks_TOS) := Num_Saved_Checks;
3953
3954         if Debug_Flag_CC then
3955            w ("Conditional_Statements_Begin: Num_Saved_Checks = ",
3956               Num_Saved_Checks);
3957         end if;
3958      end if;
3959   end Conditional_Statements_Begin;
3960
3961   --------------------------------
3962   -- Conditional_Statements_End --
3963   --------------------------------
3964
3965   procedure Conditional_Statements_End is
3966   begin
3967      pragma Assert (Saved_Checks_TOS > 0);
3968
3969      --  If the saved checks stack overflowed, then we killed all checks, so
3970      --  setting the number of saved checks back to zero is correct. This
3971      --  should never occur in practice.
3972
3973      if Saved_Checks_TOS > Saved_Checks_Stack'Last then
3974         Num_Saved_Checks := 0;
3975
3976      --  In the normal case, restore the number of saved checks from the top
3977      --  stack entry.
3978
3979      else
3980         Num_Saved_Checks := Saved_Checks_Stack (Saved_Checks_TOS);
3981
3982         if Debug_Flag_CC then
3983            w ("Conditional_Statements_End: Num_Saved_Checks = ",
3984               Num_Saved_Checks);
3985         end if;
3986      end if;
3987
3988      Saved_Checks_TOS := Saved_Checks_TOS - 1;
3989   end Conditional_Statements_End;
3990
3991   -------------------------
3992   -- Convert_From_Bignum --
3993   -------------------------
3994
3995   function Convert_From_Bignum (N : Node_Id) return Node_Id is
3996      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
3997
3998   begin
3999      pragma Assert (Is_RTE (Etype (N), RE_Bignum));
4000
4001      --  Construct call From Bignum
4002
4003      return
4004        Make_Function_Call (Loc,
4005          Name                   =>
4006            New_Occurrence_Of (RTE (RE_From_Bignum), Loc),
4007          Parameter_Associations => New_List (Relocate_Node (N)));
4008   end Convert_From_Bignum;
4009
4010   -----------------------
4011   -- Convert_To_Bignum --
4012   -----------------------
4013
4014   function Convert_To_Bignum (N : Node_Id) return Node_Id is
4015      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
4016
4017   begin
4018      --  Nothing to do if Bignum already except call Relocate_Node
4019
4020      if Is_RTE (Etype (N), RE_Bignum) then
4021         return Relocate_Node (N);
4022
4023      --  Otherwise construct call to To_Bignum, converting the operand to the
4024      --  required Long_Long_Integer form.
4025
4026      else
4027         pragma Assert (Is_Signed_Integer_Type (Etype (N)));
4028         return
4029           Make_Function_Call (Loc,
4030             Name                   =>
4031               New_Occurrence_Of (RTE (RE_To_Bignum), Loc),
4032             Parameter_Associations => New_List (
4033               Convert_To (Standard_Long_Long_Integer, Relocate_Node (N))));
4034      end if;
4035   end Convert_To_Bignum;
4036
4037   ---------------------
4038   -- Determine_Range --
4039   ---------------------
4040
4041   Cache_Size : constant := 2 ** 10;
4042   type Cache_Index is range 0 .. Cache_Size - 1;
4043   --  Determine size of below cache (power of 2 is more efficient)
4044
4045   Determine_Range_Cache_N  : array (Cache_Index) of Node_Id;
4046   Determine_Range_Cache_V  : array (Cache_Index) of Boolean;
4047   Determine_Range_Cache_Lo : array (Cache_Index) of Uint;
4048   Determine_Range_Cache_Hi : array (Cache_Index) of Uint;
4049   --  The above arrays are used to implement a small direct cache for
4050   --  Determine_Range calls. Because of the way Determine_Range recursively
4051   --  traces subexpressions, and because overflow checking calls the routine
4052   --  on the way up the tree, a quadratic behavior can otherwise be
4053   --  encountered in large expressions. The cache entry for node N is stored
4054   --  in the (N mod Cache_Size) entry, and can be validated by checking the
4055   --  actual node value stored there. The Range_Cache_V array records the
4056   --  setting of Assume_Valid for the cache entry.
4057
4058   procedure Determine_Range
4059     (N            : Node_Id;
4060      OK           : out Boolean;
4061      Lo           : out Uint;
4062      Hi           : out Uint;
4063      Assume_Valid : Boolean := False)
4064   is
4065      Typ : Entity_Id := Etype (N);
4066      --  Type to use, may get reset to base type for possibly invalid entity
4067
4068      Lo_Left : Uint;
4069      Hi_Left : Uint;
4070      --  Lo and Hi bounds of left operand
4071
4072      Lo_Right : Uint;
4073      Hi_Right : Uint;
4074      --  Lo and Hi bounds of right (or only) operand
4075
4076      Bound : Node_Id;
4077      --  Temp variable used to hold a bound node
4078
4079      Hbound : Uint;
4080      --  High bound of base type of expression
4081
4082      Lor : Uint;
4083      Hir : Uint;
4084      --  Refined values for low and high bounds, after tightening
4085
4086      OK1 : Boolean;
4087      --  Used in lower level calls to indicate if call succeeded
4088
4089      Cindex : Cache_Index;
4090      --  Used to search cache
4091
4092      Btyp : Entity_Id;
4093      --  Base type
4094
4095      function OK_Operands return Boolean;
4096      --  Used for binary operators. Determines the ranges of the left and
4097      --  right operands, and if they are both OK, returns True, and puts
4098      --  the results in Lo_Right, Hi_Right, Lo_Left, Hi_Left.
4099
4100      -----------------
4101      -- OK_Operands --
4102      -----------------
4103
4104      function OK_Operands return Boolean is
4105      begin
4106         Determine_Range
4107           (Left_Opnd  (N), OK1, Lo_Left,  Hi_Left, Assume_Valid);
4108
4109         if not OK1 then
4110            return False;
4111         end if;
4112
4113         Determine_Range
4114           (Right_Opnd (N), OK1, Lo_Right, Hi_Right, Assume_Valid);
4115         return OK1;
4116      end OK_Operands;
4117
4118   --  Start of processing for Determine_Range
4119
4120   begin
4121      --  For temporary constants internally generated to remove side effects
4122      --  we must use the corresponding expression to determine the range of
4123      --  the expression.
4124
4125      if Is_Entity_Name (N)
4126        and then Nkind (Parent (Entity (N))) = N_Object_Declaration
4127        and then Ekind (Entity (N)) = E_Constant
4128        and then Is_Internal_Name (Chars (Entity (N)))
4129      then
4130         Determine_Range
4131           (Expression (Parent (Entity (N))), OK, Lo, Hi, Assume_Valid);
4132         return;
4133      end if;
4134
4135      --  Prevent junk warnings by initializing range variables
4136
4137      Lo  := No_Uint;
4138      Hi  := No_Uint;
4139      Lor := No_Uint;
4140      Hir := No_Uint;
4141
4142      --  If type is not defined, we can't determine its range
4143
4144      if No (Typ)
4145
4146        --  We don't deal with anything except discrete types
4147
4148        or else not Is_Discrete_Type (Typ)
4149
4150        --  Ignore type for which an error has been posted, since range in
4151        --  this case may well be a bogosity deriving from the error. Also
4152        --  ignore if error posted on the reference node.
4153
4154        or else Error_Posted (N) or else Error_Posted (Typ)
4155      then
4156         OK := False;
4157         return;
4158      end if;
4159
4160      --  For all other cases, we can determine the range
4161
4162      OK := True;
4163
4164      --  If value is compile time known, then the possible range is the one
4165      --  value that we know this expression definitely has.
4166
4167      if Compile_Time_Known_Value (N) then
4168         Lo := Expr_Value (N);
4169         Hi := Lo;
4170         return;
4171      end if;
4172
4173      --  Return if already in the cache
4174
4175      Cindex := Cache_Index (N mod Cache_Size);
4176
4177      if Determine_Range_Cache_N (Cindex) = N
4178           and then
4179         Determine_Range_Cache_V (Cindex) = Assume_Valid
4180      then
4181         Lo := Determine_Range_Cache_Lo (Cindex);
4182         Hi := Determine_Range_Cache_Hi (Cindex);
4183         return;
4184      end if;
4185
4186      --  Otherwise, start by finding the bounds of the type of the expression,
4187      --  the value cannot be outside this range (if it is, then we have an
4188      --  overflow situation, which is a separate check, we are talking here
4189      --  only about the expression value).
4190
4191      --  First a check, never try to find the bounds of a generic type, since
4192      --  these bounds are always junk values, and it is only valid to look at
4193      --  the bounds in an instance.
4194
4195      if Is_Generic_Type (Typ) then
4196         OK := False;
4197         return;
4198      end if;
4199
4200      --  First step, change to use base type unless we know the value is valid
4201
4202      if (Is_Entity_Name (N) and then Is_Known_Valid (Entity (N)))
4203        or else Assume_No_Invalid_Values
4204        or else Assume_Valid
4205      then
4206         null;
4207      else
4208         Typ := Underlying_Type (Base_Type (Typ));
4209      end if;
4210
4211      --  Retrieve the base type. Handle the case where the base type is a
4212      --  private enumeration type.
4213
4214      Btyp := Base_Type (Typ);
4215
4216      if Is_Private_Type (Btyp) and then Present (Full_View (Btyp)) then
4217         Btyp := Full_View (Btyp);
4218      end if;
4219
4220      --  We use the actual bound unless it is dynamic, in which case use the
4221      --  corresponding base type bound if possible. If we can't get a bound
4222      --  then we figure we can't determine the range (a peculiar case, that
4223      --  perhaps cannot happen, but there is no point in bombing in this
4224      --  optimization circuit.
4225
4226      --  First the low bound
4227
4228      Bound := Type_Low_Bound (Typ);
4229
4230      if Compile_Time_Known_Value (Bound) then
4231         Lo := Expr_Value (Bound);
4232
4233      elsif Compile_Time_Known_Value (Type_Low_Bound (Btyp)) then
4234         Lo := Expr_Value (Type_Low_Bound (Btyp));
4235
4236      else
4237         OK := False;
4238         return;
4239      end if;
4240
4241      --  Now the high bound
4242
4243      Bound := Type_High_Bound (Typ);
4244
4245      --  We need the high bound of the base type later on, and this should
4246      --  always be compile time known. Again, it is not clear that this
4247      --  can ever be false, but no point in bombing.
4248
4249      if Compile_Time_Known_Value (Type_High_Bound (Btyp)) then
4250         Hbound := Expr_Value (Type_High_Bound (Btyp));
4251         Hi := Hbound;
4252
4253      else
4254         OK := False;
4255         return;
4256      end if;
4257
4258      --  If we have a static subtype, then that may have a tighter bound so
4259      --  use the upper bound of the subtype instead in this case.
4260
4261      if Compile_Time_Known_Value (Bound) then
4262         Hi := Expr_Value (Bound);
4263      end if;
4264
4265      --  We may be able to refine this value in certain situations. If any
4266      --  refinement is possible, then Lor and Hir are set to possibly tighter
4267      --  bounds, and OK1 is set to True.
4268
4269      case Nkind (N) is
4270
4271         --  For unary plus, result is limited by range of operand
4272
4273         when N_Op_Plus =>
4274            Determine_Range
4275              (Right_Opnd (N), OK1, Lor, Hir, Assume_Valid);
4276
4277         --  For unary minus, determine range of operand, and negate it
4278
4279         when N_Op_Minus =>
4280            Determine_Range
4281              (Right_Opnd (N), OK1, Lo_Right, Hi_Right, Assume_Valid);
4282
4283            if OK1 then
4284               Lor := -Hi_Right;
4285               Hir := -Lo_Right;
4286            end if;
4287
4288         --  For binary addition, get range of each operand and do the
4289         --  addition to get the result range.
4290
4291         when N_Op_Add =>
4292            if OK_Operands then
4293               Lor := Lo_Left + Lo_Right;
4294               Hir := Hi_Left + Hi_Right;
4295            end if;
4296
4297         --  Division is tricky. The only case we consider is where the right
4298         --  operand is a positive constant, and in this case we simply divide
4299         --  the bounds of the left operand
4300
4301         when N_Op_Divide =>
4302            if OK_Operands then
4303               if Lo_Right = Hi_Right
4304                 and then Lo_Right > 0
4305               then
4306                  Lor := Lo_Left / Lo_Right;
4307                  Hir := Hi_Left / Lo_Right;
4308               else
4309                  OK1 := False;
4310               end if;
4311            end if;
4312
4313         --  For binary subtraction, get range of each operand and do the worst
4314         --  case subtraction to get the result range.
4315
4316         when N_Op_Subtract =>
4317            if OK_Operands then
4318               Lor := Lo_Left - Hi_Right;
4319               Hir := Hi_Left - Lo_Right;
4320            end if;
4321
4322         --  For MOD, if right operand is a positive constant, then result must
4323         --  be in the allowable range of mod results.
4324
4325         when N_Op_Mod =>
4326            if OK_Operands then
4327               if Lo_Right = Hi_Right
4328                 and then Lo_Right /= 0
4329               then
4330                  if Lo_Right > 0 then
4331                     Lor := Uint_0;
4332                     Hir := Lo_Right - 1;
4333
4334                  else -- Lo_Right < 0
4335                     Lor := Lo_Right + 1;
4336                     Hir := Uint_0;
4337                  end if;
4338
4339               else
4340                  OK1 := False;
4341               end if;
4342            end if;
4343
4344         --  For REM, if right operand is a positive constant, then result must
4345         --  be in the allowable range of mod results.
4346
4347         when N_Op_Rem =>
4348            if OK_Operands then
4349               if Lo_Right = Hi_Right
4350                 and then Lo_Right /= 0
4351               then
4352                  declare
4353                     Dval : constant Uint := (abs Lo_Right) - 1;
4354
4355                  begin
4356                     --  The sign of the result depends on the sign of the
4357                     --  dividend (but not on the sign of the divisor, hence
4358                     --  the abs operation above).
4359
4360                     if Lo_Left < 0 then
4361                        Lor := -Dval;
4362                     else
4363                        Lor := Uint_0;
4364                     end if;
4365
4366                     if Hi_Left < 0 then
4367                        Hir := Uint_0;
4368                     else
4369                        Hir := Dval;
4370                     end if;
4371                  end;
4372
4373               else
4374                  OK1 := False;
4375               end if;
4376            end if;
4377
4378         --  Attribute reference cases
4379
4380         when N_Attribute_Reference =>
4381            case Attribute_Name (N) is
4382
4383               --  For Pos/Val attributes, we can refine the range using the
4384               --  possible range of values of the attribute expression.
4385
4386               when Name_Pos | Name_Val =>
4387                  Determine_Range
4388                    (First (Expressions (N)), OK1, Lor, Hir, Assume_Valid);
4389
4390               --  For Length attribute, use the bounds of the corresponding
4391               --  index type to refine the range.
4392
4393               when Name_Length =>
4394                  declare
4395                     Atyp : Entity_Id := Etype (Prefix (N));
4396                     Inum : Nat;
4397                     Indx : Node_Id;
4398
4399                     LL, LU : Uint;
4400                     UL, UU : Uint;
4401
4402                  begin
4403                     if Is_Access_Type (Atyp) then
4404                        Atyp := Designated_Type (Atyp);
4405                     end if;
4406
4407                     --  For string literal, we know exact value
4408
4409                     if Ekind (Atyp) = E_String_Literal_Subtype then
4410                        OK := True;
4411                        Lo := String_Literal_Length (Atyp);
4412                        Hi := String_Literal_Length (Atyp);
4413                        return;
4414                     end if;
4415
4416                     --  Otherwise check for expression given
4417
4418                     if No (Expressions (N)) then
4419                        Inum := 1;
4420                     else
4421                        Inum :=
4422                          UI_To_Int (Expr_Value (First (Expressions (N))));
4423                     end if;
4424
4425                     Indx := First_Index (Atyp);
4426                     for J in 2 .. Inum loop
4427                        Indx := Next_Index (Indx);
4428                     end loop;
4429
4430                     --  If the index type is a formal type or derived from
4431                     --  one, the bounds are not static.
4432
4433                     if Is_Generic_Type (Root_Type (Etype (Indx))) then
4434                        OK := False;
4435                        return;
4436                     end if;
4437
4438                     Determine_Range
4439                       (Type_Low_Bound (Etype (Indx)), OK1, LL, LU,
4440                        Assume_Valid);
4441
4442                     if OK1 then
4443                        Determine_Range
4444                          (Type_High_Bound (Etype (Indx)), OK1, UL, UU,
4445                           Assume_Valid);
4446
4447                        if OK1 then
4448
4449                           --  The maximum value for Length is the biggest
4450                           --  possible gap between the values of the bounds.
4451                           --  But of course, this value cannot be negative.
4452
4453                           Hir := UI_Max (Uint_0, UU - LL + 1);
4454
4455                           --  For constrained arrays, the minimum value for
4456                           --  Length is taken from the actual value of the
4457                           --  bounds, since the index will be exactly of this
4458                           --  subtype.
4459
4460                           if Is_Constrained (Atyp) then
4461                              Lor := UI_Max (Uint_0, UL - LU + 1);
4462
4463                           --  For an unconstrained array, the minimum value
4464                           --  for length is always zero.
4465
4466                           else
4467                              Lor := Uint_0;
4468                           end if;
4469                        end if;
4470                     end if;
4471                  end;
4472
4473               --  No special handling for other attributes
4474               --  Probably more opportunities exist here???
4475
4476               when others =>
4477                  OK1 := False;
4478
4479            end case;
4480
4481         --  For type conversion from one discrete type to another, we can
4482         --  refine the range using the converted value.
4483
4484         when N_Type_Conversion =>
4485            Determine_Range (Expression (N), OK1, Lor, Hir, Assume_Valid);
4486
4487         --  Nothing special to do for all other expression kinds
4488
4489         when others =>
4490            OK1 := False;
4491            Lor := No_Uint;
4492            Hir := No_Uint;
4493      end case;
4494
4495      --  At this stage, if OK1 is true, then we know that the actual result of
4496      --  the computed expression is in the range Lor .. Hir. We can use this
4497      --  to restrict the possible range of results.
4498
4499      if OK1 then
4500
4501         --  If the refined value of the low bound is greater than the type
4502         --  high bound, then reset it to the more restrictive value. However,
4503         --  we do NOT do this for the case of a modular type where the
4504         --  possible upper bound on the value is above the base type high
4505         --  bound, because that means the result could wrap.
4506
4507         if Lor > Lo
4508           and then not (Is_Modular_Integer_Type (Typ) and then Hir > Hbound)
4509         then
4510            Lo := Lor;
4511         end if;
4512
4513         --  Similarly, if the refined value of the high bound is less than the
4514         --  value so far, then reset it to the more restrictive value. Again,
4515         --  we do not do this if the refined low bound is negative for a
4516         --  modular type, since this would wrap.
4517
4518         if Hir < Hi
4519           and then not (Is_Modular_Integer_Type (Typ) and then Lor < Uint_0)
4520         then
4521            Hi := Hir;
4522         end if;
4523      end if;
4524
4525      --  Set cache entry for future call and we are all done
4526
4527      Determine_Range_Cache_N  (Cindex) := N;
4528      Determine_Range_Cache_V  (Cindex) := Assume_Valid;
4529      Determine_Range_Cache_Lo (Cindex) := Lo;
4530      Determine_Range_Cache_Hi (Cindex) := Hi;
4531      return;
4532
4533   --  If any exception occurs, it means that we have some bug in the compiler,
4534   --  possibly triggered by a previous error, or by some unforeseen peculiar
4535   --  occurrence. However, this is only an optimization attempt, so there is
4536   --  really no point in crashing the compiler. Instead we just decide, too
4537   --  bad, we can't figure out a range in this case after all.
4538
4539   exception
4540      when others =>
4541
4542         --  Debug flag K disables this behavior (useful for debugging)
4543
4544         if Debug_Flag_K then
4545            raise;
4546         else
4547            OK := False;
4548            Lo := No_Uint;
4549            Hi := No_Uint;
4550            return;
4551         end if;
4552   end Determine_Range;
4553
4554   ------------------------------------
4555   -- Discriminant_Checks_Suppressed --
4556   ------------------------------------
4557
4558   function Discriminant_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
4559   begin
4560      if Present (E) then
4561         if Is_Unchecked_Union (E) then
4562            return True;
4563         elsif Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
4564            return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Discriminant_Check);
4565         end if;
4566      end if;
4567
4568      return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Discriminant_Check);
4569   end Discriminant_Checks_Suppressed;
4570
4571   --------------------------------
4572   -- Division_Checks_Suppressed --
4573   --------------------------------
4574
4575   function Division_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
4576   begin
4577      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
4578         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Division_Check);
4579      else
4580         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Division_Check);
4581      end if;
4582   end Division_Checks_Suppressed;
4583
4584   -----------------------------------
4585   -- Elaboration_Checks_Suppressed --
4586   -----------------------------------
4587
4588   function Elaboration_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
4589   begin
4590      --  The complication in this routine is that if we are in the dynamic
4591      --  model of elaboration, we also check All_Checks, since All_Checks
4592      --  does not set Elaboration_Check explicitly.
4593
4594      if Present (E) then
4595         if Kill_Elaboration_Checks (E) then
4596            return True;
4597
4598         elsif Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
4599            if Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Elaboration_Check) then
4600               return True;
4601            elsif Dynamic_Elaboration_Checks then
4602               return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, All_Checks);
4603            else
4604               return False;
4605            end if;
4606         end if;
4607      end if;
4608
4609      if Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Elaboration_Check) then
4610         return True;
4611      elsif Dynamic_Elaboration_Checks then
4612         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (All_Checks);
4613      else
4614         return False;
4615      end if;
4616   end Elaboration_Checks_Suppressed;
4617
4618   ---------------------------
4619   -- Enable_Overflow_Check --
4620   ---------------------------
4621
4622   procedure Enable_Overflow_Check (N : Node_Id) is
4623      Typ  : constant Entity_Id           := Base_Type (Etype (N));
4624      Mode : constant Overflow_Mode_Type := Overflow_Check_Mode;
4625      Chk  : Nat;
4626      OK   : Boolean;
4627      Ent  : Entity_Id;
4628      Ofs  : Uint;
4629      Lo   : Uint;
4630      Hi   : Uint;
4631
4632   begin
4633      if Debug_Flag_CC then
4634         w ("Enable_Overflow_Check for node ", Int (N));
4635         Write_Str ("  Source location = ");
4636         wl (Sloc (N));
4637         pg (Union_Id (N));
4638      end if;
4639
4640      --  No check if overflow checks suppressed for type of node
4641
4642      if Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (N)) then
4643         return;
4644
4645      --  Nothing to do for unsigned integer types, which do not overflow
4646
4647      elsif Is_Modular_Integer_Type (Typ) then
4648         return;
4649      end if;
4650
4651      --  This is the point at which processing for STRICT mode diverges
4652      --  from processing for MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED modes. This divergence is
4653      --  probably more extreme that it needs to be, but what is going on here
4654      --  is that when we introduced MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED modes, we wanted
4655      --  to leave the processing for STRICT mode untouched. There were
4656      --  two reasons for this. First it avoided any incompatible change of
4657      --  behavior. Second, it guaranteed that STRICT mode continued to be
4658      --  legacy reliable.
4659
4660      --  The big difference is that in STRICT mode there is a fair amount of
4661      --  circuitry to try to avoid setting the Do_Overflow_Check flag if we
4662      --  know that no check is needed. We skip all that in the two new modes,
4663      --  since really overflow checking happens over a whole subtree, and we
4664      --  do the corresponding optimizations later on when applying the checks.
4665
4666      if Mode in Minimized_Or_Eliminated then
4667         if not (Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (N)))
4668           and then not (Is_Entity_Name (N)
4669                          and then Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Entity (N)))
4670         then
4671            Activate_Overflow_Check (N);
4672         end if;
4673
4674         if Debug_Flag_CC then
4675            w ("Minimized/Eliminated mode");
4676         end if;
4677
4678         return;
4679      end if;
4680
4681      --  Remainder of processing is for STRICT case, and is unchanged from
4682      --  earlier versions preceding the addition of MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED.
4683
4684      --  Nothing to do if the range of the result is known OK. We skip this
4685      --  for conversions, since the caller already did the check, and in any
4686      --  case the condition for deleting the check for a type conversion is
4687      --  different.
4688
4689      if Nkind (N) /= N_Type_Conversion then
4690         Determine_Range (N, OK, Lo, Hi, Assume_Valid => True);
4691
4692         --  Note in the test below that we assume that the range is not OK
4693         --  if a bound of the range is equal to that of the type. That's not
4694         --  quite accurate but we do this for the following reasons:
4695
4696         --   a) The way that Determine_Range works, it will typically report
4697         --      the bounds of the value as being equal to the bounds of the
4698         --      type, because it either can't tell anything more precise, or
4699         --      does not think it is worth the effort to be more precise.
4700
4701         --   b) It is very unusual to have a situation in which this would
4702         --      generate an unnecessary overflow check (an example would be
4703         --      a subtype with a range 0 .. Integer'Last - 1 to which the
4704         --      literal value one is added).
4705
4706         --   c) The alternative is a lot of special casing in this routine
4707         --      which would partially duplicate Determine_Range processing.
4708
4709         if OK
4710           and then Lo > Expr_Value (Type_Low_Bound  (Typ))
4711           and then Hi < Expr_Value (Type_High_Bound (Typ))
4712         then
4713            if Debug_Flag_CC then
4714               w ("No overflow check required");
4715            end if;
4716
4717            return;
4718         end if;
4719      end if;
4720
4721      --  If not in optimizing mode, set flag and we are done. We are also done
4722      --  (and just set the flag) if the type is not a discrete type, since it
4723      --  is not worth the effort to eliminate checks for other than discrete
4724      --  types. In addition, we take this same path if we have stored the
4725      --  maximum number of checks possible already (a very unlikely situation,
4726      --  but we do not want to blow up).
4727
4728      if Optimization_Level = 0
4729        or else not Is_Discrete_Type (Etype (N))
4730        or else Num_Saved_Checks = Saved_Checks'Last
4731      then
4732         Activate_Overflow_Check (N);
4733
4734         if Debug_Flag_CC then
4735            w ("Optimization off");
4736         end if;
4737
4738         return;
4739      end if;
4740
4741      --  Otherwise evaluate and check the expression
4742
4743      Find_Check
4744        (Expr        => N,
4745         Check_Type  => 'O',
4746         Target_Type => Empty,
4747         Entry_OK    => OK,
4748         Check_Num   => Chk,
4749         Ent         => Ent,
4750         Ofs         => Ofs);
4751
4752      if Debug_Flag_CC then
4753         w ("Called Find_Check");
4754         w ("  OK = ", OK);
4755
4756         if OK then
4757            w ("  Check_Num = ", Chk);
4758            w ("  Ent       = ", Int (Ent));
4759            Write_Str ("  Ofs       = ");
4760            pid (Ofs);
4761         end if;
4762      end if;
4763
4764      --  If check is not of form to optimize, then set flag and we are done
4765
4766      if not OK then
4767         Activate_Overflow_Check (N);
4768         return;
4769      end if;
4770
4771      --  If check is already performed, then return without setting flag
4772
4773      if Chk /= 0 then
4774         if Debug_Flag_CC then
4775            w ("Check suppressed!");
4776         end if;
4777
4778         return;
4779      end if;
4780
4781      --  Here we will make a new entry for the new check
4782
4783      Activate_Overflow_Check (N);
4784      Num_Saved_Checks := Num_Saved_Checks + 1;
4785      Saved_Checks (Num_Saved_Checks) :=
4786        (Killed      => False,
4787         Entity      => Ent,
4788         Offset      => Ofs,
4789         Check_Type  => 'O',
4790         Target_Type => Empty);
4791
4792      if Debug_Flag_CC then
4793         w ("Make new entry, check number = ", Num_Saved_Checks);
4794         w ("  Entity = ", Int (Ent));
4795         Write_Str ("  Offset = ");
4796         pid (Ofs);
4797         w ("  Check_Type = O");
4798         w ("  Target_Type = Empty");
4799      end if;
4800
4801   --  If we get an exception, then something went wrong, probably because of
4802   --  an error in the structure of the tree due to an incorrect program. Or
4803   --  it may be a bug in the optimization circuit. In either case the safest
4804   --  thing is simply to set the check flag unconditionally.
4805
4806   exception
4807      when others =>
4808         Activate_Overflow_Check (N);
4809
4810         if Debug_Flag_CC then
4811            w ("  exception occurred, overflow flag set");
4812         end if;
4813
4814         return;
4815   end Enable_Overflow_Check;
4816
4817   ------------------------
4818   -- Enable_Range_Check --
4819   ------------------------
4820
4821   procedure Enable_Range_Check (N : Node_Id) is
4822      Chk  : Nat;
4823      OK   : Boolean;
4824      Ent  : Entity_Id;
4825      Ofs  : Uint;
4826      Ttyp : Entity_Id;
4827      P    : Node_Id;
4828
4829   begin
4830      --  Return if unchecked type conversion with range check killed. In this
4831      --  case we never set the flag (that's what Kill_Range_Check is about).
4832
4833      if Nkind (N) = N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion
4834        and then Kill_Range_Check (N)
4835      then
4836         return;
4837      end if;
4838
4839      --  Do not set range check flag if parent is assignment statement or
4840      --  object declaration with Suppress_Assignment_Checks flag set
4841
4842      if Nkind_In (Parent (N), N_Assignment_Statement, N_Object_Declaration)
4843        and then Suppress_Assignment_Checks (Parent (N))
4844      then
4845         return;
4846      end if;
4847
4848      --  Check for various cases where we should suppress the range check
4849
4850      --  No check if range checks suppressed for type of node
4851
4852      if Present (Etype (N)) and then Range_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (N)) then
4853         return;
4854
4855      --  No check if node is an entity name, and range checks are suppressed
4856      --  for this entity, or for the type of this entity.
4857
4858      elsif Is_Entity_Name (N)
4859        and then (Range_Checks_Suppressed (Entity (N))
4860                   or else Range_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (Entity (N))))
4861      then
4862         return;
4863
4864      --  No checks if index of array, and index checks are suppressed for
4865      --  the array object or the type of the array.
4866
4867      elsif Nkind (Parent (N)) = N_Indexed_Component then
4868         declare
4869            Pref : constant Node_Id := Prefix (Parent (N));
4870         begin
4871            if Is_Entity_Name (Pref)
4872              and then Index_Checks_Suppressed (Entity (Pref))
4873            then
4874               return;
4875            elsif Index_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (Pref)) then
4876               return;
4877            end if;
4878         end;
4879      end if;
4880
4881      --  Debug trace output
4882
4883      if Debug_Flag_CC then
4884         w ("Enable_Range_Check for node ", Int (N));
4885         Write_Str ("  Source location = ");
4886         wl (Sloc (N));
4887         pg (Union_Id (N));
4888      end if;
4889
4890      --  If not in optimizing mode, set flag and we are done. We are also done
4891      --  (and just set the flag) if the type is not a discrete type, since it
4892      --  is not worth the effort to eliminate checks for other than discrete
4893      --  types. In addition, we take this same path if we have stored the
4894      --  maximum number of checks possible already (a very unlikely situation,
4895      --  but we do not want to blow up).
4896
4897      if Optimization_Level = 0
4898        or else No (Etype (N))
4899        or else not Is_Discrete_Type (Etype (N))
4900        or else Num_Saved_Checks = Saved_Checks'Last
4901      then
4902         Activate_Range_Check (N);
4903
4904         if Debug_Flag_CC then
4905            w ("Optimization off");
4906         end if;
4907
4908         return;
4909      end if;
4910
4911      --  Otherwise find out the target type
4912
4913      P := Parent (N);
4914
4915      --  For assignment, use left side subtype
4916
4917      if Nkind (P) = N_Assignment_Statement
4918        and then Expression (P) = N
4919      then
4920         Ttyp := Etype (Name (P));
4921
4922      --  For indexed component, use subscript subtype
4923
4924      elsif Nkind (P) = N_Indexed_Component then
4925         declare
4926            Atyp : Entity_Id;
4927            Indx : Node_Id;
4928            Subs : Node_Id;
4929
4930         begin
4931            Atyp := Etype (Prefix (P));
4932
4933            if Is_Access_Type (Atyp) then
4934               Atyp := Designated_Type (Atyp);
4935
4936               --  If the prefix is an access to an unconstrained array,
4937               --  perform check unconditionally: it depends on the bounds of
4938               --  an object and we cannot currently recognize whether the test
4939               --  may be redundant.
4940
4941               if not Is_Constrained (Atyp) then
4942                  Activate_Range_Check (N);
4943                  return;
4944               end if;
4945
4946            --  Ditto if the prefix is an explicit dereference whose designated
4947            --  type is unconstrained.
4948
4949            elsif Nkind (Prefix (P)) = N_Explicit_Dereference
4950              and then not Is_Constrained (Atyp)
4951            then
4952               Activate_Range_Check (N);
4953               return;
4954            end if;
4955
4956            Indx := First_Index (Atyp);
4957            Subs := First (Expressions (P));
4958            loop
4959               if Subs = N then
4960                  Ttyp := Etype (Indx);
4961                  exit;
4962               end if;
4963
4964               Next_Index (Indx);
4965               Next (Subs);
4966            end loop;
4967         end;
4968
4969      --  For now, ignore all other cases, they are not so interesting
4970
4971      else
4972         if Debug_Flag_CC then
4973            w ("  target type not found, flag set");
4974         end if;
4975
4976         Activate_Range_Check (N);
4977         return;
4978      end if;
4979
4980      --  Evaluate and check the expression
4981
4982      Find_Check
4983        (Expr        => N,
4984         Check_Type  => 'R',
4985         Target_Type => Ttyp,
4986         Entry_OK    => OK,
4987         Check_Num   => Chk,
4988         Ent         => Ent,
4989         Ofs         => Ofs);
4990
4991      if Debug_Flag_CC then
4992         w ("Called Find_Check");
4993         w ("Target_Typ = ", Int (Ttyp));
4994         w ("  OK = ", OK);
4995
4996         if OK then
4997            w ("  Check_Num = ", Chk);
4998            w ("  Ent       = ", Int (Ent));
4999            Write_Str ("  Ofs       = ");
5000            pid (Ofs);
5001         end if;
5002      end if;
5003
5004      --  If check is not of form to optimize, then set flag and we are done
5005
5006      if not OK then
5007         if Debug_Flag_CC then
5008            w ("  expression not of optimizable type, flag set");
5009         end if;
5010
5011         Activate_Range_Check (N);
5012         return;
5013      end if;
5014
5015      --  If check is already performed, then return without setting flag
5016
5017      if Chk /= 0 then
5018         if Debug_Flag_CC then
5019            w ("Check suppressed!");
5020         end if;
5021
5022         return;
5023      end if;
5024
5025      --  Here we will make a new entry for the new check
5026
5027      Activate_Range_Check (N);
5028      Num_Saved_Checks := Num_Saved_Checks + 1;
5029      Saved_Checks (Num_Saved_Checks) :=
5030        (Killed      => False,
5031         Entity      => Ent,
5032         Offset      => Ofs,
5033         Check_Type  => 'R',
5034         Target_Type => Ttyp);
5035
5036      if Debug_Flag_CC then
5037         w ("Make new entry, check number = ", Num_Saved_Checks);
5038         w ("  Entity = ", Int (Ent));
5039         Write_Str ("  Offset = ");
5040         pid (Ofs);
5041         w ("  Check_Type = R");
5042         w ("  Target_Type = ", Int (Ttyp));
5043         pg (Union_Id (Ttyp));
5044      end if;
5045
5046   --  If we get an exception, then something went wrong, probably because of
5047   --  an error in the structure of the tree due to an incorrect program. Or
5048   --  it may be a bug in the optimization circuit. In either case the safest
5049   --  thing is simply to set the check flag unconditionally.
5050
5051   exception
5052      when others =>
5053         Activate_Range_Check (N);
5054
5055         if Debug_Flag_CC then
5056            w ("  exception occurred, range flag set");
5057         end if;
5058
5059         return;
5060   end Enable_Range_Check;
5061
5062   ------------------
5063   -- Ensure_Valid --
5064   ------------------
5065
5066   procedure Ensure_Valid (Expr : Node_Id; Holes_OK : Boolean := False) is
5067      Typ : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (Expr);
5068
5069   begin
5070      --  Ignore call if we are not doing any validity checking
5071
5072      if not Validity_Checks_On then
5073         return;
5074
5075      --  Ignore call if range or validity checks suppressed on entity or type
5076
5077      elsif Range_Or_Validity_Checks_Suppressed (Expr) then
5078         return;
5079
5080      --  No check required if expression is from the expander, we assume the
5081      --  expander will generate whatever checks are needed. Note that this is
5082      --  not just an optimization, it avoids infinite recursions.
5083
5084      --  Unchecked conversions must be checked, unless they are initialized
5085      --  scalar values, as in a component assignment in an init proc.
5086
5087      --  In addition, we force a check if Force_Validity_Checks is set
5088
5089      elsif not Comes_From_Source (Expr)
5090        and then not Force_Validity_Checks
5091        and then (Nkind (Expr) /= N_Unchecked_Type_Conversion
5092                    or else Kill_Range_Check (Expr))
5093      then
5094         return;
5095
5096      --  No check required if expression is known to have valid value
5097
5098      elsif Expr_Known_Valid (Expr) then
5099         return;
5100
5101      --  Ignore case of enumeration with holes where the flag is set not to
5102      --  worry about holes, since no special validity check is needed
5103
5104      elsif Is_Enumeration_Type (Typ)
5105        and then Has_Non_Standard_Rep (Typ)
5106        and then Holes_OK
5107      then
5108         return;
5109
5110      --  No check required on the left-hand side of an assignment
5111
5112      elsif Nkind (Parent (Expr)) = N_Assignment_Statement
5113        and then Expr = Name (Parent (Expr))
5114      then
5115         return;
5116
5117      --  No check on a universal real constant. The context will eventually
5118      --  convert it to a machine number for some target type, or report an
5119      --  illegality.
5120
5121      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Real_Literal
5122        and then Etype (Expr) = Universal_Real
5123      then
5124         return;
5125
5126      --  If the expression denotes a component of a packed boolean array,
5127      --  no possible check applies. We ignore the old ACATS chestnuts that
5128      --  involve Boolean range True..True.
5129
5130      --  Note: validity checks are generated for expressions that yield a
5131      --  scalar type, when it is possible to create a value that is outside of
5132      --  the type. If this is a one-bit boolean no such value exists. This is
5133      --  an optimization, and it also prevents compiler blowing up during the
5134      --  elaboration of improperly expanded packed array references.
5135
5136      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Indexed_Component
5137        and then Is_Bit_Packed_Array (Etype (Prefix (Expr)))
5138        and then Root_Type (Etype (Expr)) = Standard_Boolean
5139      then
5140         return;
5141
5142      --  For an expression with actions, we want to insert the validity check
5143      --  on the final Expression.
5144
5145      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Expression_With_Actions then
5146         Ensure_Valid (Expression (Expr));
5147         return;
5148
5149      --  An annoying special case. If this is an out parameter of a scalar
5150      --  type, then the value is not going to be accessed, therefore it is
5151      --  inappropriate to do any validity check at the call site.
5152
5153      else
5154         --  Only need to worry about scalar types
5155
5156         if Is_Scalar_Type (Typ) then
5157            declare
5158               P : Node_Id;
5159               N : Node_Id;
5160               E : Entity_Id;
5161               F : Entity_Id;
5162               A : Node_Id;
5163               L : List_Id;
5164
5165            begin
5166               --  Find actual argument (which may be a parameter association)
5167               --  and the parent of the actual argument (the call statement)
5168
5169               N := Expr;
5170               P := Parent (Expr);
5171
5172               if Nkind (P) = N_Parameter_Association then
5173                  N := P;
5174                  P := Parent (N);
5175               end if;
5176
5177               --  Only need to worry if we are argument of a procedure call
5178               --  since functions don't have out parameters. If this is an
5179               --  indirect or dispatching call, get signature from the
5180               --  subprogram type.
5181
5182               if Nkind (P) = N_Procedure_Call_Statement then
5183                  L := Parameter_Associations (P);
5184
5185                  if Is_Entity_Name (Name (P)) then
5186                     E := Entity (Name (P));
5187                  else
5188                     pragma Assert (Nkind (Name (P)) = N_Explicit_Dereference);
5189                     E := Etype (Name (P));
5190                  end if;
5191
5192                  --  Only need to worry if there are indeed actuals, and if
5193                  --  this could be a procedure call, otherwise we cannot get a
5194                  --  match (either we are not an argument, or the mode of the
5195                  --  formal is not OUT). This test also filters out the
5196                  --  generic case.
5197
5198                  if Is_Non_Empty_List (L) and then Is_Subprogram (E) then
5199
5200                     --  This is the loop through parameters, looking for an
5201                     --  OUT parameter for which we are the argument.
5202
5203                     F := First_Formal (E);
5204                     A := First (L);
5205                     while Present (F) loop
5206                        if Ekind (F) = E_Out_Parameter and then A = N then
5207                           return;
5208                        end if;
5209
5210                        Next_Formal (F);
5211                        Next (A);
5212                     end loop;
5213                  end if;
5214               end if;
5215            end;
5216         end if;
5217      end if;
5218
5219      --  If this is a boolean expression, only its elementary operands need
5220      --  checking: if they are valid, a boolean or short-circuit operation
5221      --  with them will be valid as well.
5222
5223      if Base_Type (Typ) = Standard_Boolean
5224        and then
5225         (Nkind (Expr) in N_Op or else Nkind (Expr) in N_Short_Circuit)
5226      then
5227         return;
5228      end if;
5229
5230      --  If we fall through, a validity check is required
5231
5232      Insert_Valid_Check (Expr);
5233
5234      if Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
5235        and then Safe_To_Capture_Value (Expr, Entity (Expr))
5236      then
5237         Set_Is_Known_Valid (Entity (Expr));
5238      end if;
5239   end Ensure_Valid;
5240
5241   ----------------------
5242   -- Expr_Known_Valid --
5243   ----------------------
5244
5245   function Expr_Known_Valid (Expr : Node_Id) return Boolean is
5246      Typ : constant Entity_Id := Etype (Expr);
5247
5248   begin
5249      --  Non-scalar types are always considered valid, since they never give
5250      --  rise to the issues of erroneous or bounded error behavior that are
5251      --  the concern. In formal reference manual terms the notion of validity
5252      --  only applies to scalar types. Note that even when packed arrays are
5253      --  represented using modular types, they are still arrays semantically,
5254      --  so they are also always valid (in particular, the unused bits can be
5255      --  random rubbish without affecting the validity of the array value).
5256
5257      if not Is_Scalar_Type (Typ) or else Is_Packed_Array_Type (Typ) then
5258         return True;
5259
5260      --  If no validity checking, then everything is considered valid
5261
5262      elsif not Validity_Checks_On then
5263         return True;
5264
5265      --  Floating-point types are considered valid unless floating-point
5266      --  validity checks have been specifically turned on.
5267
5268      elsif Is_Floating_Point_Type (Typ)
5269        and then not Validity_Check_Floating_Point
5270      then
5271         return True;
5272
5273      --  If the expression is the value of an object that is known to be
5274      --  valid, then clearly the expression value itself is valid.
5275
5276      elsif Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
5277        and then Is_Known_Valid (Entity (Expr))
5278
5279        --  Exclude volatile variables
5280
5281        and then not Treat_As_Volatile (Entity (Expr))
5282      then
5283         return True;
5284
5285      --  References to discriminants are always considered valid. The value
5286      --  of a discriminant gets checked when the object is built. Within the
5287      --  record, we consider it valid, and it is important to do so, since
5288      --  otherwise we can try to generate bogus validity checks which
5289      --  reference discriminants out of scope. Discriminants of concurrent
5290      --  types are excluded for the same reason.
5291
5292      elsif Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
5293        and then Denotes_Discriminant (Expr, Check_Concurrent => True)
5294      then
5295         return True;
5296
5297      --  If the type is one for which all values are known valid, then we are
5298      --  sure that the value is valid except in the slightly odd case where
5299      --  the expression is a reference to a variable whose size has been
5300      --  explicitly set to a value greater than the object size.
5301
5302      elsif Is_Known_Valid (Typ) then
5303         if Is_Entity_Name (Expr)
5304           and then Ekind (Entity (Expr)) = E_Variable
5305           and then Esize (Entity (Expr)) > Esize (Typ)
5306         then
5307            return False;
5308         else
5309            return True;
5310         end if;
5311
5312      --  Integer and character literals always have valid values, where
5313      --  appropriate these will be range checked in any case.
5314
5315      elsif Nkind_In (Expr, N_Integer_Literal, N_Character_Literal) then
5316         return True;
5317
5318      --  Real literals are assumed to be valid in VM targets
5319
5320      elsif VM_Target /= No_VM and then Nkind (Expr) = N_Real_Literal then
5321         return True;
5322
5323      --  If we have a type conversion or a qualification of a known valid
5324      --  value, then the result will always be valid.
5325
5326      elsif Nkind_In (Expr, N_Type_Conversion, N_Qualified_Expression) then
5327         return Expr_Known_Valid (Expression (Expr));
5328
5329      --  Case of expression is a non-floating-point operator. In this case we
5330      --  can assume the result is valid the generated code for the operator
5331      --  will include whatever checks are needed (e.g. range checks) to ensure
5332      --  validity. This assumption does not hold for the floating-point case,
5333      --  since floating-point operators can generate Infinite or NaN results
5334      --  which are considered invalid.
5335
5336      --  Historical note: in older versions, the exemption of floating-point
5337      --  types from this assumption was done only in cases where the parent
5338      --  was an assignment, function call or parameter association. Presumably
5339      --  the idea was that in other contexts, the result would be checked
5340      --  elsewhere, but this list of cases was missing tests (at least the
5341      --  N_Object_Declaration case, as shown by a reported missing validity
5342      --  check), and it is not clear why function calls but not procedure
5343      --  calls were tested for. It really seems more accurate and much
5344      --  safer to recognize that expressions which are the result of a
5345      --  floating-point operator can never be assumed to be valid.
5346
5347      elsif Nkind (Expr) in N_Op and then not Is_Floating_Point_Type (Typ) then
5348         return True;
5349
5350      --  The result of a membership test is always valid, since it is true or
5351      --  false, there are no other possibilities.
5352
5353      elsif Nkind (Expr) in N_Membership_Test then
5354         return True;
5355
5356      --  For all other cases, we do not know the expression is valid
5357
5358      else
5359         return False;
5360      end if;
5361   end Expr_Known_Valid;
5362
5363   ----------------
5364   -- Find_Check --
5365   ----------------
5366
5367   procedure Find_Check
5368     (Expr        : Node_Id;
5369      Check_Type  : Character;
5370      Target_Type : Entity_Id;
5371      Entry_OK    : out Boolean;
5372      Check_Num   : out Nat;
5373      Ent         : out Entity_Id;
5374      Ofs         : out Uint)
5375   is
5376      function Within_Range_Of
5377        (Target_Type : Entity_Id;
5378         Check_Type  : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
5379      --  Given a requirement for checking a range against Target_Type, and
5380      --  and a range Check_Type against which a check has already been made,
5381      --  determines if the check against check type is sufficient to ensure
5382      --  that no check against Target_Type is required.
5383
5384      ---------------------
5385      -- Within_Range_Of --
5386      ---------------------
5387
5388      function Within_Range_Of
5389        (Target_Type : Entity_Id;
5390         Check_Type  : Entity_Id) return Boolean
5391      is
5392      begin
5393         if Target_Type = Check_Type then
5394            return True;
5395
5396         else
5397            declare
5398               Tlo : constant Node_Id := Type_Low_Bound  (Target_Type);
5399               Thi : constant Node_Id := Type_High_Bound (Target_Type);
5400               Clo : constant Node_Id := Type_Low_Bound  (Check_Type);
5401               Chi : constant Node_Id := Type_High_Bound (Check_Type);
5402
5403            begin
5404               if (Tlo = Clo
5405                     or else (Compile_Time_Known_Value (Tlo)
5406                                and then
5407                              Compile_Time_Known_Value (Clo)
5408                                and then
5409                              Expr_Value (Clo) >= Expr_Value (Tlo)))
5410                 and then
5411                  (Thi = Chi
5412                     or else (Compile_Time_Known_Value (Thi)
5413                                and then
5414                              Compile_Time_Known_Value (Chi)
5415                                and then
5416                              Expr_Value (Chi) <= Expr_Value (Clo)))
5417               then
5418                  return True;
5419               else
5420                  return False;
5421               end if;
5422            end;
5423         end if;
5424      end Within_Range_Of;
5425
5426   --  Start of processing for Find_Check
5427
5428   begin
5429      --  Establish default, in case no entry is found
5430
5431      Check_Num := 0;
5432
5433      --  Case of expression is simple entity reference
5434
5435      if Is_Entity_Name (Expr) then
5436         Ent := Entity (Expr);
5437         Ofs := Uint_0;
5438
5439      --  Case of expression is entity + known constant
5440
5441      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Op_Add
5442        and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (Right_Opnd (Expr))
5443        and then Is_Entity_Name (Left_Opnd (Expr))
5444      then
5445         Ent := Entity (Left_Opnd (Expr));
5446         Ofs := Expr_Value (Right_Opnd (Expr));
5447
5448      --  Case of expression is entity - known constant
5449
5450      elsif Nkind (Expr) = N_Op_Subtract
5451        and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (Right_Opnd (Expr))
5452        and then Is_Entity_Name (Left_Opnd (Expr))
5453      then
5454         Ent := Entity (Left_Opnd (Expr));
5455         Ofs := UI_Negate (Expr_Value (Right_Opnd (Expr)));
5456
5457      --  Any other expression is not of the right form
5458
5459      else
5460         Ent := Empty;
5461         Ofs := Uint_0;
5462         Entry_OK := False;
5463         return;
5464      end if;
5465
5466      --  Come here with expression of appropriate form, check if entity is an
5467      --  appropriate one for our purposes.
5468
5469      if (Ekind (Ent) = E_Variable
5470            or else Is_Constant_Object (Ent))
5471        and then not Is_Library_Level_Entity (Ent)
5472      then
5473         Entry_OK := True;
5474      else
5475         Entry_OK := False;
5476         return;
5477      end if;
5478
5479      --  See if there is matching check already
5480
5481      for J in reverse 1 .. Num_Saved_Checks loop
5482         declare
5483            SC : Saved_Check renames Saved_Checks (J);
5484         begin
5485            if SC.Killed = False
5486              and then SC.Entity = Ent
5487              and then SC.Offset = Ofs
5488              and then SC.Check_Type = Check_Type
5489              and then Within_Range_Of (Target_Type, SC.Target_Type)
5490            then
5491               Check_Num := J;
5492               return;
5493            end if;
5494         end;
5495      end loop;
5496
5497      --  If we fall through entry was not found
5498
5499      return;
5500   end Find_Check;
5501
5502   ---------------------------------
5503   -- Generate_Discriminant_Check --
5504   ---------------------------------
5505
5506   --  Note: the code for this procedure is derived from the
5507   --  Emit_Discriminant_Check Routine in trans.c.
5508
5509   procedure Generate_Discriminant_Check (N : Node_Id) is
5510      Loc  : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
5511      Pref : constant Node_Id    := Prefix (N);
5512      Sel  : constant Node_Id    := Selector_Name (N);
5513
5514      Orig_Comp : constant Entity_Id :=
5515        Original_Record_Component (Entity (Sel));
5516      --  The original component to be checked
5517
5518      Discr_Fct : constant Entity_Id :=
5519        Discriminant_Checking_Func (Orig_Comp);
5520      --  The discriminant checking function
5521
5522      Discr : Entity_Id;
5523      --  One discriminant to be checked in the type
5524
5525      Real_Discr : Entity_Id;
5526      --  Actual discriminant in the call
5527
5528      Pref_Type : Entity_Id;
5529      --  Type of relevant prefix (ignoring private/access stuff)
5530
5531      Args : List_Id;
5532      --  List of arguments for function call
5533
5534      Formal : Entity_Id;
5535      --  Keep track of the formal corresponding to the actual we build for
5536      --  each discriminant, in order to be able to perform the necessary type
5537      --  conversions.
5538
5539      Scomp : Node_Id;
5540      --  Selected component reference for checking function argument
5541
5542   begin
5543      Pref_Type := Etype (Pref);
5544
5545      --  Force evaluation of the prefix, so that it does not get evaluated
5546      --  twice (once for the check, once for the actual reference). Such a
5547      --  double evaluation is always a potential source of inefficiency, and
5548      --  is functionally incorrect in the volatile case, or when the prefix
5549      --  may have side-effects. A non-volatile entity or a component of a
5550      --  non-volatile entity requires no evaluation.
5551
5552      if Is_Entity_Name (Pref) then
5553         if Treat_As_Volatile (Entity (Pref)) then
5554            Force_Evaluation (Pref, Name_Req => True);
5555         end if;
5556
5557      elsif Treat_As_Volatile (Etype (Pref)) then
5558         Force_Evaluation (Pref, Name_Req => True);
5559
5560      elsif Nkind (Pref) = N_Selected_Component
5561        and then Is_Entity_Name (Prefix (Pref))
5562      then
5563         null;
5564
5565      else
5566         Force_Evaluation (Pref, Name_Req => True);
5567      end if;
5568
5569      --  For a tagged type, use the scope of the original component to
5570      --  obtain the type, because ???
5571
5572      if Is_Tagged_Type (Scope (Orig_Comp)) then
5573         Pref_Type := Scope (Orig_Comp);
5574
5575      --  For an untagged derived type, use the discriminants of the parent
5576      --  which have been renamed in the derivation, possibly by a one-to-many
5577      --  discriminant constraint. For non-tagged type, initially get the Etype
5578      --  of the prefix
5579
5580      else
5581         if Is_Derived_Type (Pref_Type)
5582           and then Number_Discriminants (Pref_Type) /=
5583                    Number_Discriminants (Etype (Base_Type (Pref_Type)))
5584         then
5585            Pref_Type := Etype (Base_Type (Pref_Type));
5586         end if;
5587      end if;
5588
5589      --  We definitely should have a checking function, This routine should
5590      --  not be called if no discriminant checking function is present.
5591
5592      pragma Assert (Present (Discr_Fct));
5593
5594      --  Create the list of the actual parameters for the call. This list
5595      --  is the list of the discriminant fields of the record expression to
5596      --  be discriminant checked.
5597
5598      Args   := New_List;
5599      Formal := First_Formal (Discr_Fct);
5600      Discr  := First_Discriminant (Pref_Type);
5601      while Present (Discr) loop
5602
5603         --  If we have a corresponding discriminant field, and a parent
5604         --  subtype is present, then we want to use the corresponding
5605         --  discriminant since this is the one with the useful value.
5606
5607         if Present (Corresponding_Discriminant (Discr))
5608           and then Ekind (Pref_Type) = E_Record_Type
5609           and then Present (Parent_Subtype (Pref_Type))
5610         then
5611            Real_Discr := Corresponding_Discriminant (Discr);
5612         else
5613            Real_Discr := Discr;
5614         end if;
5615
5616         --  Construct the reference to the discriminant
5617
5618         Scomp :=
5619           Make_Selected_Component (Loc,
5620             Prefix =>
5621               Unchecked_Convert_To (Pref_Type,
5622                 Duplicate_Subexpr (Pref)),
5623             Selector_Name => New_Occurrence_Of (Real_Discr, Loc));
5624
5625         --  Manually analyze and resolve this selected component. We really
5626         --  want it just as it appears above, and do not want the expander
5627         --  playing discriminal games etc with this reference. Then we append
5628         --  the argument to the list we are gathering.
5629
5630         Set_Etype (Scomp, Etype (Real_Discr));
5631         Set_Analyzed (Scomp, True);
5632         Append_To (Args, Convert_To (Etype (Formal), Scomp));
5633
5634         Next_Formal_With_Extras (Formal);
5635         Next_Discriminant (Discr);
5636      end loop;
5637
5638      --  Now build and insert the call
5639
5640      Insert_Action (N,
5641        Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
5642          Condition =>
5643            Make_Function_Call (Loc,
5644              Name                   => New_Occurrence_Of (Discr_Fct, Loc),
5645              Parameter_Associations => Args),
5646          Reason => CE_Discriminant_Check_Failed));
5647   end Generate_Discriminant_Check;
5648
5649   ---------------------------
5650   -- Generate_Index_Checks --
5651   ---------------------------
5652
5653   procedure Generate_Index_Checks (N : Node_Id) is
5654
5655      function Entity_Of_Prefix return Entity_Id;
5656      --  Returns the entity of the prefix of N (or Empty if not found)
5657
5658      ----------------------
5659      -- Entity_Of_Prefix --
5660      ----------------------
5661
5662      function Entity_Of_Prefix return Entity_Id is
5663         P : Node_Id;
5664
5665      begin
5666         P := Prefix (N);
5667         while not Is_Entity_Name (P) loop
5668            if not Nkind_In (P, N_Selected_Component,
5669                                N_Indexed_Component)
5670            then
5671               return Empty;
5672            end if;
5673
5674            P := Prefix (P);
5675         end loop;
5676
5677         return Entity (P);
5678      end Entity_Of_Prefix;
5679
5680      --  Local variables
5681
5682      Loc   : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
5683      A     : constant Node_Id    := Prefix (N);
5684      A_Ent : constant Entity_Id  := Entity_Of_Prefix;
5685      Sub   : Node_Id;
5686
5687   --  Start of processing for Generate_Index_Checks
5688
5689   begin
5690      --  Ignore call if the prefix is not an array since we have a serious
5691      --  error in the sources. Ignore it also if index checks are suppressed
5692      --  for array object or type.
5693
5694      if not Is_Array_Type (Etype (A))
5695        or else (Present (A_Ent) and then Index_Checks_Suppressed (A_Ent))
5696        or else Index_Checks_Suppressed (Etype (A))
5697      then
5698         return;
5699
5700      --  The indexed component we are dealing with contains 'Loop_Entry in its
5701      --  prefix. This case arises when analysis has determined that constructs
5702      --  such as
5703
5704      --     Prefix'Loop_Entry (Expr)
5705      --     Prefix'Loop_Entry (Expr1, Expr2, ... ExprN)
5706
5707      --  require rewriting for error detection purposes. A side effect of this
5708      --  action is the generation of index checks that mention 'Loop_Entry.
5709      --  Delay the generation of the check until 'Loop_Entry has been properly
5710      --  expanded. This is done in Expand_Loop_Entry_Attributes.
5711
5712      elsif Nkind (Prefix (N)) = N_Attribute_Reference
5713        and then Attribute_Name (Prefix (N)) = Name_Loop_Entry
5714      then
5715         return;
5716      end if;
5717
5718      --  Generate a raise of constraint error with the appropriate reason and
5719      --  a condition of the form:
5720
5721      --    Base_Type (Sub) not in Array'Range (Subscript)
5722
5723      --  Note that the reason we generate the conversion to the base type here
5724      --  is that we definitely want the range check to take place, even if it
5725      --  looks like the subtype is OK. Optimization considerations that allow
5726      --  us to omit the check have already been taken into account in the
5727      --  setting of the Do_Range_Check flag earlier on.
5728
5729      Sub := First (Expressions (N));
5730
5731      --  Handle string literals
5732
5733      if Ekind (Etype (A)) = E_String_Literal_Subtype then
5734         if Do_Range_Check (Sub) then
5735            Set_Do_Range_Check (Sub, False);
5736
5737            --  For string literals we obtain the bounds of the string from the
5738            --  associated subtype.
5739
5740            Insert_Action (N,
5741              Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
5742                Condition =>
5743                   Make_Not_In (Loc,
5744                     Left_Opnd  =>
5745                       Convert_To (Base_Type (Etype (Sub)),
5746                         Duplicate_Subexpr_Move_Checks (Sub)),
5747                     Right_Opnd =>
5748                       Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
5749                         Prefix         => New_Occurrence_Of (Etype (A), Loc),
5750                         Attribute_Name => Name_Range)),
5751                Reason => CE_Index_Check_Failed));
5752         end if;
5753
5754      --  General case
5755
5756      else
5757         declare
5758            A_Idx   : Node_Id := Empty;
5759            A_Range : Node_Id;
5760            Ind     : Nat;
5761            Num     : List_Id;
5762            Range_N : Node_Id;
5763
5764         begin
5765            A_Idx := First_Index (Etype (A));
5766            Ind   := 1;
5767            while Present (Sub) loop
5768               if Do_Range_Check (Sub) then
5769                  Set_Do_Range_Check (Sub, False);
5770
5771                  --  Force evaluation except for the case of a simple name of
5772                  --  a non-volatile entity.
5773
5774                  if not Is_Entity_Name (Sub)
5775                    or else Treat_As_Volatile (Entity (Sub))
5776                  then
5777                     Force_Evaluation (Sub);
5778                  end if;
5779
5780                  if Nkind (A_Idx) = N_Range then
5781                     A_Range := A_Idx;
5782
5783                  elsif Nkind (A_Idx) = N_Identifier
5784                    or else Nkind (A_Idx) = N_Expanded_Name
5785                  then
5786                     A_Range := Scalar_Range (Entity (A_Idx));
5787
5788                  else pragma Assert (Nkind (A_Idx) = N_Subtype_Indication);
5789                     A_Range := Range_Expression (Constraint (A_Idx));
5790                  end if;
5791
5792                  --  For array objects with constant bounds we can generate
5793                  --  the index check using the bounds of the type of the index
5794
5795                  if Present (A_Ent)
5796                    and then Ekind (A_Ent) = E_Variable
5797                    and then Is_Constant_Bound (Low_Bound (A_Range))
5798                    and then Is_Constant_Bound (High_Bound (A_Range))
5799                  then
5800                     Range_N :=
5801                       Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
5802                         Prefix         =>
5803                           New_Occurrence_Of (Etype (A_Idx), Loc),
5804                         Attribute_Name => Name_Range);
5805
5806                  --  For arrays with non-constant bounds we cannot generate
5807                  --  the index check using the bounds of the type of the index
5808                  --  since it may reference discriminants of some enclosing
5809                  --  type. We obtain the bounds directly from the prefix
5810                  --  object.
5811
5812                  else
5813                     if Ind = 1 then
5814                        Num := No_List;
5815                     else
5816                        Num := New_List (Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Ind));
5817                     end if;
5818
5819                     Range_N :=
5820                       Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
5821                         Prefix =>
5822                           Duplicate_Subexpr_Move_Checks (A, Name_Req => True),
5823                         Attribute_Name => Name_Range,
5824                         Expressions    => Num);
5825                  end if;
5826
5827                  Insert_Action (N,
5828                    Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
5829                      Condition =>
5830                         Make_Not_In (Loc,
5831                           Left_Opnd  =>
5832                             Convert_To (Base_Type (Etype (Sub)),
5833                               Duplicate_Subexpr_Move_Checks (Sub)),
5834                           Right_Opnd => Range_N),
5835                      Reason => CE_Index_Check_Failed));
5836               end if;
5837
5838               A_Idx := Next_Index (A_Idx);
5839               Ind := Ind + 1;
5840               Next (Sub);
5841            end loop;
5842         end;
5843      end if;
5844   end Generate_Index_Checks;
5845
5846   --------------------------
5847   -- Generate_Range_Check --
5848   --------------------------
5849
5850   procedure Generate_Range_Check
5851     (N           : Node_Id;
5852      Target_Type : Entity_Id;
5853      Reason      : RT_Exception_Code)
5854   is
5855      Loc              : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
5856      Source_Type      : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (N);
5857      Source_Base_Type : constant Entity_Id  := Base_Type (Source_Type);
5858      Target_Base_Type : constant Entity_Id  := Base_Type (Target_Type);
5859
5860   begin
5861      --  First special case, if the source type is already within the range
5862      --  of the target type, then no check is needed (probably we should have
5863      --  stopped Do_Range_Check from being set in the first place, but better
5864      --  late than never in preventing junk code.
5865
5866      if In_Subrange_Of (Source_Type, Target_Type)
5867
5868        --  We do NOT apply this if the source node is a literal, since in this
5869        --  case the literal has already been labeled as having the subtype of
5870        --  the target.
5871
5872        and then not
5873          (Nkind_In (N, N_Integer_Literal, N_Real_Literal, N_Character_Literal)
5874             or else
5875               (Is_Entity_Name (N)
5876                 and then Ekind (Entity (N)) = E_Enumeration_Literal))
5877
5878        --  Also do not apply this for floating-point if Check_Float_Overflow
5879
5880        and then not
5881          (Is_Floating_Point_Type (Source_Type) and Check_Float_Overflow)
5882      then
5883         return;
5884      end if;
5885
5886      --  We need a check, so force evaluation of the node, so that it does
5887      --  not get evaluated twice (once for the check, once for the actual
5888      --  reference). Such a double evaluation is always a potential source
5889      --  of inefficiency, and is functionally incorrect in the volatile case.
5890
5891      if not Is_Entity_Name (N) or else Treat_As_Volatile (Entity (N)) then
5892         Force_Evaluation (N);
5893      end if;
5894
5895      --  The easiest case is when Source_Base_Type and Target_Base_Type are
5896      --  the same since in this case we can simply do a direct check of the
5897      --  value of N against the bounds of Target_Type.
5898
5899      --    [constraint_error when N not in Target_Type]
5900
5901      --  Note: this is by far the most common case, for example all cases of
5902      --  checks on the RHS of assignments are in this category, but not all
5903      --  cases are like this. Notably conversions can involve two types.
5904
5905      if Source_Base_Type = Target_Base_Type then
5906         Insert_Action (N,
5907           Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
5908             Condition =>
5909               Make_Not_In (Loc,
5910                 Left_Opnd  => Duplicate_Subexpr (N),
5911                 Right_Opnd => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc)),
5912             Reason => Reason));
5913
5914      --  Next test for the case where the target type is within the bounds
5915      --  of the base type of the source type, since in this case we can
5916      --  simply convert these bounds to the base type of T to do the test.
5917
5918      --    [constraint_error when N not in
5919      --       Source_Base_Type (Target_Type'First)
5920      --         ..
5921      --       Source_Base_Type(Target_Type'Last))]
5922
5923      --  The conversions will always work and need no check
5924
5925      --  Unchecked_Convert_To is used instead of Convert_To to handle the case
5926      --  of converting from an enumeration value to an integer type, such as
5927      --  occurs for the case of generating a range check on Enum'Val(Exp)
5928      --  (which used to be handled by gigi). This is OK, since the conversion
5929      --  itself does not require a check.
5930
5931      elsif In_Subrange_Of (Target_Type, Source_Base_Type) then
5932         Insert_Action (N,
5933           Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
5934             Condition =>
5935               Make_Not_In (Loc,
5936                 Left_Opnd  => Duplicate_Subexpr (N),
5937
5938                 Right_Opnd =>
5939                   Make_Range (Loc,
5940                     Low_Bound =>
5941                       Unchecked_Convert_To (Source_Base_Type,
5942                         Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
5943                           Prefix =>
5944                             New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
5945                           Attribute_Name => Name_First)),
5946
5947                     High_Bound =>
5948                       Unchecked_Convert_To (Source_Base_Type,
5949                         Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
5950                           Prefix =>
5951                             New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
5952                           Attribute_Name => Name_Last)))),
5953             Reason => Reason));
5954
5955      --  Note that at this stage we now that the Target_Base_Type is not in
5956      --  the range of the Source_Base_Type (since even the Target_Type itself
5957      --  is not in this range). It could still be the case that Source_Type is
5958      --  in range of the target base type since we have not checked that case.
5959
5960      --  If that is the case, we can freely convert the source to the target,
5961      --  and then test the target result against the bounds.
5962
5963      elsif In_Subrange_Of (Source_Type, Target_Base_Type) then
5964
5965         --  We make a temporary to hold the value of the converted value
5966         --  (converted to the base type), and then we will do the test against
5967         --  this temporary.
5968
5969         --     Tnn : constant Target_Base_Type := Target_Base_Type (N);
5970         --     [constraint_error when Tnn not in Target_Type]
5971
5972         --  Then the conversion itself is replaced by an occurrence of Tnn
5973
5974         declare
5975            Tnn : constant Entity_Id := Make_Temporary (Loc, 'T', N);
5976
5977         begin
5978            Insert_Actions (N, New_List (
5979              Make_Object_Declaration (Loc,
5980                Defining_Identifier => Tnn,
5981                Object_Definition   =>
5982                  New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Base_Type, Loc),
5983                Constant_Present    => True,
5984                Expression          =>
5985                  Make_Type_Conversion (Loc,
5986                    Subtype_Mark => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Base_Type, Loc),
5987                    Expression   => Duplicate_Subexpr (N))),
5988
5989              Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
5990                Condition =>
5991                  Make_Not_In (Loc,
5992                    Left_Opnd  => New_Occurrence_Of (Tnn, Loc),
5993                    Right_Opnd => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc)),
5994
5995                Reason => Reason)));
5996
5997            Rewrite (N, New_Occurrence_Of (Tnn, Loc));
5998
5999            --  Set the type of N, because the declaration for Tnn might not
6000            --  be analyzed yet, as is the case if N appears within a record
6001            --  declaration, as a discriminant constraint or expression.
6002
6003            Set_Etype (N, Target_Base_Type);
6004         end;
6005
6006      --  At this stage, we know that we have two scalar types, which are
6007      --  directly convertible, and where neither scalar type has a base
6008      --  range that is in the range of the other scalar type.
6009
6010      --  The only way this can happen is with a signed and unsigned type.
6011      --  So test for these two cases:
6012
6013      else
6014         --  Case of the source is unsigned and the target is signed
6015
6016         if Is_Unsigned_Type (Source_Base_Type)
6017           and then not Is_Unsigned_Type (Target_Base_Type)
6018         then
6019            --  If the source is unsigned and the target is signed, then we
6020            --  know that the source is not shorter than the target (otherwise
6021            --  the source base type would be in the target base type range).
6022
6023            --  In other words, the unsigned type is either the same size as
6024            --  the target, or it is larger. It cannot be smaller.
6025
6026            pragma Assert
6027              (Esize (Source_Base_Type) >= Esize (Target_Base_Type));
6028
6029            --  We only need to check the low bound if the low bound of the
6030            --  target type is non-negative. If the low bound of the target
6031            --  type is negative, then we know that we will fit fine.
6032
6033            --  If the high bound of the target type is negative, then we
6034            --  know we have a constraint error, since we can't possibly
6035            --  have a negative source.
6036
6037            --  With these two checks out of the way, we can do the check
6038            --  using the source type safely
6039
6040            --  This is definitely the most annoying case.
6041
6042            --    [constraint_error
6043            --       when (Target_Type'First >= 0
6044            --               and then
6045            --                 N < Source_Base_Type (Target_Type'First))
6046            --         or else Target_Type'Last < 0
6047            --         or else N > Source_Base_Type (Target_Type'Last)];
6048
6049            --  We turn off all checks since we know that the conversions
6050            --  will work fine, given the guards for negative values.
6051
6052            Insert_Action (N,
6053              Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
6054                Condition =>
6055                  Make_Or_Else (Loc,
6056                    Make_Or_Else (Loc,
6057                      Left_Opnd =>
6058                        Make_And_Then (Loc,
6059                          Left_Opnd => Make_Op_Ge (Loc,
6060                            Left_Opnd =>
6061                              Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
6062                                Prefix =>
6063                                  New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
6064                                Attribute_Name => Name_First),
6065                            Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Uint_0)),
6066
6067                          Right_Opnd =>
6068                            Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
6069                              Left_Opnd => Duplicate_Subexpr (N),
6070                              Right_Opnd =>
6071                                Convert_To (Source_Base_Type,
6072                                  Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
6073                                    Prefix =>
6074                                      New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
6075                                    Attribute_Name => Name_First)))),
6076
6077                      Right_Opnd =>
6078                        Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
6079                          Left_Opnd =>
6080                            Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
6081                              Prefix => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
6082                              Attribute_Name => Name_Last),
6083                            Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Uint_0))),
6084
6085                    Right_Opnd =>
6086                      Make_Op_Gt (Loc,
6087                        Left_Opnd => Duplicate_Subexpr (N),
6088                        Right_Opnd =>
6089                          Convert_To (Source_Base_Type,
6090                            Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
6091                              Prefix => New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc),
6092                              Attribute_Name => Name_Last)))),
6093
6094                Reason => Reason),
6095              Suppress  => All_Checks);
6096
6097         --  Only remaining possibility is that the source is signed and
6098         --  the target is unsigned.
6099
6100         else
6101            pragma Assert (not Is_Unsigned_Type (Source_Base_Type)
6102                            and then Is_Unsigned_Type (Target_Base_Type));
6103
6104            --  If the source is signed and the target is unsigned, then we
6105            --  know that the target is not shorter than the source (otherwise
6106            --  the target base type would be in the source base type range).
6107
6108            --  In other words, the unsigned type is either the same size as
6109            --  the target, or it is larger. It cannot be smaller.
6110
6111            --  Clearly we have an error if the source value is negative since
6112            --  no unsigned type can have negative values. If the source type
6113            --  is non-negative, then the check can be done using the target
6114            --  type.
6115
6116            --    Tnn : constant Target_Base_Type (N) := Target_Type;
6117
6118            --    [constraint_error
6119            --       when N < 0 or else Tnn not in Target_Type];
6120
6121            --  We turn off all checks for the conversion of N to the target
6122            --  base type, since we generate the explicit check to ensure that
6123            --  the value is non-negative
6124
6125            declare
6126               Tnn : constant Entity_Id := Make_Temporary (Loc, 'T', N);
6127
6128            begin
6129               Insert_Actions (N, New_List (
6130                 Make_Object_Declaration (Loc,
6131                   Defining_Identifier => Tnn,
6132                   Object_Definition   =>
6133                     New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Base_Type, Loc),
6134                   Constant_Present    => True,
6135                   Expression          =>
6136                     Make_Unchecked_Type_Conversion (Loc,
6137                       Subtype_Mark =>
6138                         New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Base_Type, Loc),
6139                       Expression   => Duplicate_Subexpr (N))),
6140
6141                 Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
6142                   Condition =>
6143                     Make_Or_Else (Loc,
6144                       Left_Opnd =>
6145                         Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
6146                           Left_Opnd  => Duplicate_Subexpr (N),
6147                           Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Uint_0)),
6148
6149                       Right_Opnd =>
6150                         Make_Not_In (Loc,
6151                           Left_Opnd  => New_Occurrence_Of (Tnn, Loc),
6152                           Right_Opnd =>
6153                             New_Occurrence_Of (Target_Type, Loc))),
6154
6155                   Reason     => Reason)),
6156                 Suppress => All_Checks);
6157
6158               --  Set the Etype explicitly, because Insert_Actions may have
6159               --  placed the declaration in the freeze list for an enclosing
6160               --  construct, and thus it is not analyzed yet.
6161
6162               Set_Etype (Tnn, Target_Base_Type);
6163               Rewrite (N, New_Occurrence_Of (Tnn, Loc));
6164            end;
6165         end if;
6166      end if;
6167   end Generate_Range_Check;
6168
6169   ------------------
6170   -- Get_Check_Id --
6171   ------------------
6172
6173   function Get_Check_Id (N : Name_Id) return Check_Id is
6174   begin
6175      --  For standard check name, we can do a direct computation
6176
6177      if N in First_Check_Name .. Last_Check_Name then
6178         return Check_Id (N - (First_Check_Name - 1));
6179
6180      --  For non-standard names added by pragma Check_Name, search table
6181
6182      else
6183         for J in All_Checks + 1 .. Check_Names.Last loop
6184            if Check_Names.Table (J) = N then
6185               return J;
6186            end if;
6187         end loop;
6188      end if;
6189
6190      --  No matching name found
6191
6192      return No_Check_Id;
6193   end Get_Check_Id;
6194
6195   ---------------------
6196   -- Get_Discriminal --
6197   ---------------------
6198
6199   function Get_Discriminal (E : Entity_Id; Bound : Node_Id) return Node_Id is
6200      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (E);
6201      D   : Entity_Id;
6202      Sc  : Entity_Id;
6203
6204   begin
6205      --  The bound can be a bona fide parameter of a protected operation,
6206      --  rather than a prival encoded as an in-parameter.
6207
6208      if No (Discriminal_Link (Entity (Bound))) then
6209         return Bound;
6210      end if;
6211
6212      --  Climb the scope stack looking for an enclosing protected type. If
6213      --  we run out of scopes, return the bound itself.
6214
6215      Sc := Scope (E);
6216      while Present (Sc) loop
6217         if Sc = Standard_Standard then
6218            return Bound;
6219         elsif Ekind (Sc) = E_Protected_Type then
6220            exit;
6221         end if;
6222
6223         Sc := Scope (Sc);
6224      end loop;
6225
6226      D := First_Discriminant (Sc);
6227      while Present (D) loop
6228         if Chars (D) = Chars (Bound) then
6229            return New_Occurrence_Of (Discriminal (D), Loc);
6230         end if;
6231
6232         Next_Discriminant (D);
6233      end loop;
6234
6235      return Bound;
6236   end Get_Discriminal;
6237
6238   ----------------------
6239   -- Get_Range_Checks --
6240   ----------------------
6241
6242   function Get_Range_Checks
6243     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
6244      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
6245      Source_Typ : Entity_Id := Empty;
6246      Warn_Node  : Node_Id   := Empty) return Check_Result
6247   is
6248   begin
6249      return
6250        Selected_Range_Checks (Ck_Node, Target_Typ, Source_Typ, Warn_Node);
6251   end Get_Range_Checks;
6252
6253   ------------------
6254   -- Guard_Access --
6255   ------------------
6256
6257   function Guard_Access
6258     (Cond    : Node_Id;
6259      Loc     : Source_Ptr;
6260      Ck_Node : Node_Id) return Node_Id
6261   is
6262   begin
6263      if Nkind (Cond) = N_Or_Else then
6264         Set_Paren_Count (Cond, 1);
6265      end if;
6266
6267      if Nkind (Ck_Node) = N_Allocator then
6268         return Cond;
6269
6270      else
6271         return
6272           Make_And_Then (Loc,
6273             Left_Opnd =>
6274               Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
6275                 Left_Opnd  => Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Ck_Node),
6276                 Right_Opnd => Make_Null (Loc)),
6277             Right_Opnd => Cond);
6278      end if;
6279   end Guard_Access;
6280
6281   -----------------------------
6282   -- Index_Checks_Suppressed --
6283   -----------------------------
6284
6285   function Index_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
6286   begin
6287      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
6288         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Index_Check);
6289      else
6290         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Index_Check);
6291      end if;
6292   end Index_Checks_Suppressed;
6293
6294   ----------------
6295   -- Initialize --
6296   ----------------
6297
6298   procedure Initialize is
6299   begin
6300      for J in Determine_Range_Cache_N'Range loop
6301         Determine_Range_Cache_N (J) := Empty;
6302      end loop;
6303
6304      Check_Names.Init;
6305
6306      for J in Int range 1 .. All_Checks loop
6307         Check_Names.Append (Name_Id (Int (First_Check_Name) + J - 1));
6308      end loop;
6309   end Initialize;
6310
6311   -------------------------
6312   -- Insert_Range_Checks --
6313   -------------------------
6314
6315   procedure Insert_Range_Checks
6316     (Checks       : Check_Result;
6317      Node         : Node_Id;
6318      Suppress_Typ : Entity_Id;
6319      Static_Sloc  : Source_Ptr := No_Location;
6320      Flag_Node    : Node_Id    := Empty;
6321      Do_Before    : Boolean    := False)
6322   is
6323      Internal_Flag_Node   : Node_Id    := Flag_Node;
6324      Internal_Static_Sloc : Source_Ptr := Static_Sloc;
6325
6326      Check_Node : Node_Id;
6327      Checks_On  : constant Boolean :=
6328        (not Index_Checks_Suppressed (Suppress_Typ))
6329         or else (not Range_Checks_Suppressed (Suppress_Typ));
6330
6331   begin
6332      --  For now we just return if Checks_On is false, however this should be
6333      --  enhanced to check for an always True value in the condition and to
6334      --  generate a compilation warning???
6335
6336      if not Expander_Active or not Checks_On then
6337         return;
6338      end if;
6339
6340      if Static_Sloc = No_Location then
6341         Internal_Static_Sloc := Sloc (Node);
6342      end if;
6343
6344      if No (Flag_Node) then
6345         Internal_Flag_Node := Node;
6346      end if;
6347
6348      for J in 1 .. 2 loop
6349         exit when No (Checks (J));
6350
6351         if Nkind (Checks (J)) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error
6352           and then Present (Condition (Checks (J)))
6353         then
6354            if not Has_Dynamic_Range_Check (Internal_Flag_Node) then
6355               Check_Node := Checks (J);
6356               Mark_Rewrite_Insertion (Check_Node);
6357
6358               if Do_Before then
6359                  Insert_Before_And_Analyze (Node, Check_Node);
6360               else
6361                  Insert_After_And_Analyze (Node, Check_Node);
6362               end if;
6363
6364               Set_Has_Dynamic_Range_Check (Internal_Flag_Node);
6365            end if;
6366
6367         else
6368            Check_Node :=
6369              Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Internal_Static_Sloc,
6370                Reason => CE_Range_Check_Failed);
6371            Mark_Rewrite_Insertion (Check_Node);
6372
6373            if Do_Before then
6374               Insert_Before_And_Analyze (Node, Check_Node);
6375            else
6376               Insert_After_And_Analyze (Node, Check_Node);
6377            end if;
6378         end if;
6379      end loop;
6380   end Insert_Range_Checks;
6381
6382   ------------------------
6383   -- Insert_Valid_Check --
6384   ------------------------
6385
6386   procedure Insert_Valid_Check (Expr : Node_Id) is
6387      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Expr);
6388      Typ : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (Expr);
6389      Exp : Node_Id;
6390
6391   begin
6392      --  Do not insert if checks off, or if not checking validity or
6393      --  if expression is known to be valid
6394
6395      if not Validity_Checks_On
6396        or else Range_Or_Validity_Checks_Suppressed (Expr)
6397        or else Expr_Known_Valid (Expr)
6398      then
6399         return;
6400      end if;
6401
6402      --  Do not insert checks within a predicate function. This will arise
6403      --  if the current unit and the predicate function are being compiled
6404      --  with validity checks enabled.
6405
6406      if Present (Predicate_Function (Typ))
6407        and then Current_Scope = Predicate_Function (Typ)
6408      then
6409         return;
6410      end if;
6411
6412      --  If we have a checked conversion, then validity check applies to
6413      --  the expression inside the conversion, not the result, since if
6414      --  the expression inside is valid, then so is the conversion result.
6415
6416      Exp := Expr;
6417      while Nkind (Exp) = N_Type_Conversion loop
6418         Exp := Expression (Exp);
6419      end loop;
6420
6421      --  We are about to insert the validity check for Exp. We save and
6422      --  reset the Do_Range_Check flag over this validity check, and then
6423      --  put it back for the final original reference (Exp may be rewritten).
6424
6425      declare
6426         DRC : constant Boolean := Do_Range_Check (Exp);
6427         PV  : Node_Id;
6428         CE  : Node_Id;
6429
6430      begin
6431         Set_Do_Range_Check (Exp, False);
6432
6433         --  Force evaluation to avoid multiple reads for atomic/volatile
6434
6435         if Is_Entity_Name (Exp)
6436           and then Is_Volatile (Entity (Exp))
6437         then
6438            Force_Evaluation (Exp, Name_Req => True);
6439         end if;
6440
6441         --  Build the prefix for the 'Valid call
6442
6443         PV := Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Exp, Name_Req => True);
6444
6445         --  A rather specialized kludge. If PV is an analyzed expression
6446         --  which is an indexed component of a packed array that has not
6447         --  been properly expanded, turn off its Analyzed flag to make sure
6448         --  it gets properly reexpanded.
6449
6450         --  The reason this arises is that Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks did
6451         --  an analyze with the old parent pointer. This may point e.g. to
6452         --  a subprogram call, which deactivates this expansion.
6453
6454         if Analyzed (PV)
6455           and then Nkind (PV) = N_Indexed_Component
6456           and then Present (Packed_Array_Type (Etype (Prefix (PV))))
6457         then
6458            Set_Analyzed (PV, False);
6459         end if;
6460
6461         --  Build the raise CE node to check for validity
6462
6463         CE :=
6464            Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
6465              Condition =>
6466                Make_Op_Not (Loc,
6467                  Right_Opnd =>
6468                    Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
6469                      Prefix         => PV,
6470                      Attribute_Name => Name_Valid)),
6471              Reason => CE_Invalid_Data);
6472
6473         --  Insert the validity check. Note that we do this with validity
6474         --  checks turned off, to avoid recursion, we do not want validity
6475         --  checks on the validity checking code itself.
6476
6477         Insert_Action (Expr, CE, Suppress => Validity_Check);
6478
6479         --  If the expression is a reference to an element of a bit-packed
6480         --  array, then it is rewritten as a renaming declaration. If the
6481         --  expression is an actual in a call, it has not been expanded,
6482         --  waiting for the proper point at which to do it. The same happens
6483         --  with renamings, so that we have to force the expansion now. This
6484         --  non-local complication is due to code in exp_ch2,adb, exp_ch4.adb
6485         --  and exp_ch6.adb.
6486
6487         if Is_Entity_Name (Exp)
6488           and then Nkind (Parent (Entity (Exp))) =
6489                                                 N_Object_Renaming_Declaration
6490         then
6491            declare
6492               Old_Exp : constant Node_Id := Name (Parent (Entity (Exp)));
6493            begin
6494               if Nkind (Old_Exp) = N_Indexed_Component
6495                 and then Is_Bit_Packed_Array (Etype (Prefix (Old_Exp)))
6496               then
6497                  Expand_Packed_Element_Reference (Old_Exp);
6498               end if;
6499            end;
6500         end if;
6501
6502         --  Put back the Do_Range_Check flag on the resulting (possibly
6503         --  rewritten) expression.
6504
6505         --  Note: it might be thought that a validity check is not required
6506         --  when a range check is present, but that's not the case, because
6507         --  the back end is allowed to assume for the range check that the
6508         --  operand is within its declared range (an assumption that validity
6509         --  checking is all about NOT assuming).
6510
6511         --  Note: no need to worry about Possible_Local_Raise here, it will
6512         --  already have been called if original node has Do_Range_Check set.
6513
6514         Set_Do_Range_Check (Exp, DRC);
6515      end;
6516   end Insert_Valid_Check;
6517
6518   -------------------------------------
6519   -- Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op --
6520   -------------------------------------
6521
6522   function Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op (N : Node_Id) return Boolean is
6523   begin
6524      case Nkind (N) is
6525         when N_Op_Abs   | N_Op_Add      | N_Op_Divide   | N_Op_Expon |
6526              N_Op_Minus | N_Op_Mod      | N_Op_Multiply | N_Op_Plus  |
6527              N_Op_Rem   | N_Op_Subtract =>
6528            return Is_Signed_Integer_Type (Etype (N));
6529
6530         when N_If_Expression | N_Case_Expression =>
6531            return Is_Signed_Integer_Type (Etype (N));
6532
6533         when others =>
6534            return False;
6535      end case;
6536   end Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op;
6537
6538   ----------------------------------
6539   -- Install_Null_Excluding_Check --
6540   ----------------------------------
6541
6542   procedure Install_Null_Excluding_Check (N : Node_Id) is
6543      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Parent (N));
6544      Typ : constant Entity_Id  := Etype (N);
6545
6546      function Safe_To_Capture_In_Parameter_Value return Boolean;
6547      --  Determines if it is safe to capture Known_Non_Null status for an
6548      --  the entity referenced by node N. The caller ensures that N is indeed
6549      --  an entity name. It is safe to capture the non-null status for an IN
6550      --  parameter when the reference occurs within a declaration that is sure
6551      --  to be executed as part of the declarative region.
6552
6553      procedure Mark_Non_Null;
6554      --  After installation of check, if the node in question is an entity
6555      --  name, then mark this entity as non-null if possible.
6556
6557      function Safe_To_Capture_In_Parameter_Value return Boolean is
6558         E     : constant Entity_Id := Entity (N);
6559         S     : constant Entity_Id := Current_Scope;
6560         S_Par : Node_Id;
6561
6562      begin
6563         if Ekind (E) /= E_In_Parameter then
6564            return False;
6565         end if;
6566
6567         --  Two initial context checks. We must be inside a subprogram body
6568         --  with declarations and reference must not appear in nested scopes.
6569
6570         if (Ekind (S) /= E_Function and then Ekind (S) /= E_Procedure)
6571           or else Scope (E) /= S
6572         then
6573            return False;
6574         end if;
6575
6576         S_Par := Parent (Parent (S));
6577
6578         if Nkind (S_Par) /= N_Subprogram_Body
6579           or else No (Declarations (S_Par))
6580         then
6581            return False;
6582         end if;
6583
6584         declare
6585            N_Decl : Node_Id;
6586            P      : Node_Id;
6587
6588         begin
6589            --  Retrieve the declaration node of N (if any). Note that N
6590            --  may be a part of a complex initialization expression.
6591
6592            P := Parent (N);
6593            N_Decl := Empty;
6594            while Present (P) loop
6595
6596               --  If we have a short circuit form, and we are within the right
6597               --  hand expression, we return false, since the right hand side
6598               --  is not guaranteed to be elaborated.
6599
6600               if Nkind (P) in N_Short_Circuit
6601                 and then N = Right_Opnd (P)
6602               then
6603                  return False;
6604               end if;
6605
6606               --  Similarly, if we are in an if expression and not part of the
6607               --  condition, then we return False, since neither the THEN or
6608               --  ELSE dependent expressions will always be elaborated.
6609
6610               if Nkind (P) = N_If_Expression
6611                 and then N /= First (Expressions (P))
6612               then
6613                  return False;
6614               end if;
6615
6616               --  If within a case expression, and not part of the expression,
6617               --  then return False, since a particular dependent expression
6618               --  may not always be elaborated
6619
6620               if Nkind (P) = N_Case_Expression
6621                 and then N /= Expression (P)
6622               then
6623                  return False;
6624               end if;
6625
6626               --  While traversing the parent chain, if node N belongs to a
6627               --  statement, then it may never appear in a declarative region.
6628
6629               if Nkind (P) in N_Statement_Other_Than_Procedure_Call
6630                 or else Nkind (P) = N_Procedure_Call_Statement
6631               then
6632                  return False;
6633               end if;
6634
6635               --  If we are at a declaration, record it and exit
6636
6637               if Nkind (P) in N_Declaration
6638                 and then Nkind (P) not in N_Subprogram_Specification
6639               then
6640                  N_Decl := P;
6641                  exit;
6642               end if;
6643
6644               P := Parent (P);
6645            end loop;
6646
6647            if No (N_Decl) then
6648               return False;
6649            end if;
6650
6651            return List_Containing (N_Decl) = Declarations (S_Par);
6652         end;
6653      end Safe_To_Capture_In_Parameter_Value;
6654
6655      -------------------
6656      -- Mark_Non_Null --
6657      -------------------
6658
6659      procedure Mark_Non_Null is
6660      begin
6661         --  Only case of interest is if node N is an entity name
6662
6663         if Is_Entity_Name (N) then
6664
6665            --  For sure, we want to clear an indication that this is known to
6666            --  be null, since if we get past this check, it definitely is not.
6667
6668            Set_Is_Known_Null (Entity (N), False);
6669
6670            --  We can mark the entity as known to be non-null if either it is
6671            --  safe to capture the value, or in the case of an IN parameter,
6672            --  which is a constant, if the check we just installed is in the
6673            --  declarative region of the subprogram body. In this latter case,
6674            --  a check is decisive for the rest of the body if the expression
6675            --  is sure to be elaborated, since we know we have to elaborate
6676            --  all declarations before executing the body.
6677
6678            --  Couldn't this always be part of Safe_To_Capture_Value ???
6679
6680            if Safe_To_Capture_Value (N, Entity (N))
6681              or else Safe_To_Capture_In_Parameter_Value
6682            then
6683               Set_Is_Known_Non_Null (Entity (N));
6684            end if;
6685         end if;
6686      end Mark_Non_Null;
6687
6688   --  Start of processing for Install_Null_Excluding_Check
6689
6690   begin
6691      pragma Assert (Is_Access_Type (Typ));
6692
6693      --  No check inside a generic, check will be emitted in instance
6694
6695      if Inside_A_Generic then
6696         return;
6697      end if;
6698
6699      --  No check needed if known to be non-null
6700
6701      if Known_Non_Null (N) then
6702         return;
6703      end if;
6704
6705      --  If known to be null, here is where we generate a compile time check
6706
6707      if Known_Null (N) then
6708
6709         --  Avoid generating warning message inside init procs. In SPARK mode
6710         --  we can go ahead and call Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
6711         --  since it will be turned into an error in any case.
6712
6713         if (not Inside_Init_Proc or else SPARK_Mode = On)
6714
6715           --  Do not emit the warning within a conditional expression,
6716           --  where the expression might not be evaluated, and the warning
6717           --  appear as extraneous noise.
6718
6719           and then not Within_Case_Or_If_Expression (N)
6720         then
6721            Apply_Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
6722              (N, "null value not allowed here??", CE_Access_Check_Failed);
6723
6724         --  Remaining cases, where we silently insert the raise
6725
6726         else
6727            Insert_Action (N,
6728              Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
6729                Reason => CE_Access_Check_Failed));
6730         end if;
6731
6732         Mark_Non_Null;
6733         return;
6734      end if;
6735
6736      --  If entity is never assigned, for sure a warning is appropriate
6737
6738      if Is_Entity_Name (N) then
6739         Check_Unset_Reference (N);
6740      end if;
6741
6742      --  No check needed if checks are suppressed on the range. Note that we
6743      --  don't set Is_Known_Non_Null in this case (we could legitimately do
6744      --  so, since the program is erroneous, but we don't like to casually
6745      --  propagate such conclusions from erroneosity).
6746
6747      if Access_Checks_Suppressed (Typ) then
6748         return;
6749      end if;
6750
6751      --  No check needed for access to concurrent record types generated by
6752      --  the expander. This is not just an optimization (though it does indeed
6753      --  remove junk checks). It also avoids generation of junk warnings.
6754
6755      if Nkind (N) in N_Has_Chars
6756        and then Chars (N) = Name_uObject
6757        and then Is_Concurrent_Record_Type
6758                   (Directly_Designated_Type (Etype (N)))
6759      then
6760         return;
6761      end if;
6762
6763      --  No check needed in interface thunks since the runtime check is
6764      --  already performed at the caller side.
6765
6766      if Is_Thunk (Current_Scope) then
6767         return;
6768      end if;
6769
6770      --  No check needed for the Get_Current_Excep.all.all idiom generated by
6771      --  the expander within exception handlers, since we know that the value
6772      --  can never be null.
6773
6774      --  Is this really the right way to do this? Normally we generate such
6775      --  code in the expander with checks off, and that's how we suppress this
6776      --  kind of junk check ???
6777
6778      if Nkind (N) = N_Function_Call
6779        and then Nkind (Name (N)) = N_Explicit_Dereference
6780        and then Nkind (Prefix (Name (N))) = N_Identifier
6781        and then Is_RTE (Entity (Prefix (Name (N))), RE_Get_Current_Excep)
6782      then
6783         return;
6784      end if;
6785
6786      --  Otherwise install access check
6787
6788      Insert_Action (N,
6789        Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
6790          Condition =>
6791            Make_Op_Eq (Loc,
6792              Left_Opnd  => Duplicate_Subexpr_Move_Checks (N),
6793              Right_Opnd => Make_Null (Loc)),
6794          Reason => CE_Access_Check_Failed));
6795
6796      Mark_Non_Null;
6797   end Install_Null_Excluding_Check;
6798
6799   --------------------------
6800   -- Install_Static_Check --
6801   --------------------------
6802
6803   procedure Install_Static_Check (R_Cno : Node_Id; Loc : Source_Ptr) is
6804      Stat : constant Boolean   := Is_Static_Expression (R_Cno);
6805      Typ  : constant Entity_Id := Etype (R_Cno);
6806
6807   begin
6808      Rewrite (R_Cno,
6809        Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
6810          Reason => CE_Range_Check_Failed));
6811      Set_Analyzed (R_Cno);
6812      Set_Etype (R_Cno, Typ);
6813      Set_Raises_Constraint_Error (R_Cno);
6814      Set_Is_Static_Expression (R_Cno, Stat);
6815
6816      --  Now deal with possible local raise handling
6817
6818      Possible_Local_Raise (R_Cno, Standard_Constraint_Error);
6819   end Install_Static_Check;
6820
6821   -------------------------
6822   -- Is_Check_Suppressed --
6823   -------------------------
6824
6825   function Is_Check_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id; C : Check_Id) return Boolean is
6826      Ptr : Suppress_Stack_Entry_Ptr;
6827
6828   begin
6829      --  First search the local entity suppress stack. We search this from the
6830      --  top of the stack down so that we get the innermost entry that applies
6831      --  to this case if there are nested entries.
6832
6833      Ptr := Local_Suppress_Stack_Top;
6834      while Ptr /= null loop
6835         if (Ptr.Entity = Empty or else Ptr.Entity = E)
6836           and then (Ptr.Check = All_Checks or else Ptr.Check = C)
6837         then
6838            return Ptr.Suppress;
6839         end if;
6840
6841         Ptr := Ptr.Prev;
6842      end loop;
6843
6844      --  Now search the global entity suppress table for a matching entry.
6845      --  We also search this from the top down so that if there are multiple
6846      --  pragmas for the same entity, the last one applies (not clear what
6847      --  or whether the RM specifies this handling, but it seems reasonable).
6848
6849      Ptr := Global_Suppress_Stack_Top;
6850      while Ptr /= null loop
6851         if (Ptr.Entity = Empty or else Ptr.Entity = E)
6852           and then (Ptr.Check = All_Checks or else Ptr.Check = C)
6853         then
6854            return Ptr.Suppress;
6855         end if;
6856
6857         Ptr := Ptr.Prev;
6858      end loop;
6859
6860      --  If we did not find a matching entry, then use the normal scope
6861      --  suppress value after all (actually this will be the global setting
6862      --  since it clearly was not overridden at any point). For a predefined
6863      --  check, we test the specific flag. For a user defined check, we check
6864      --  the All_Checks flag. The Overflow flag requires special handling to
6865      --  deal with the General vs Assertion case
6866
6867      if C = Overflow_Check then
6868         return Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (Empty);
6869      elsif C in Predefined_Check_Id then
6870         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (C);
6871      else
6872         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (All_Checks);
6873      end if;
6874   end Is_Check_Suppressed;
6875
6876   ---------------------
6877   -- Kill_All_Checks --
6878   ---------------------
6879
6880   procedure Kill_All_Checks is
6881   begin
6882      if Debug_Flag_CC then
6883         w ("Kill_All_Checks");
6884      end if;
6885
6886      --  We reset the number of saved checks to zero, and also modify all
6887      --  stack entries for statement ranges to indicate that the number of
6888      --  checks at each level is now zero.
6889
6890      Num_Saved_Checks := 0;
6891
6892      --  Note: the Int'Min here avoids any possibility of J being out of
6893      --  range when called from e.g. Conditional_Statements_Begin.
6894
6895      for J in 1 .. Int'Min (Saved_Checks_TOS, Saved_Checks_Stack'Last) loop
6896         Saved_Checks_Stack (J) := 0;
6897      end loop;
6898   end Kill_All_Checks;
6899
6900   -----------------
6901   -- Kill_Checks --
6902   -----------------
6903
6904   procedure Kill_Checks (V : Entity_Id) is
6905   begin
6906      if Debug_Flag_CC then
6907         w ("Kill_Checks for entity", Int (V));
6908      end if;
6909
6910      for J in 1 .. Num_Saved_Checks loop
6911         if Saved_Checks (J).Entity = V then
6912            if Debug_Flag_CC then
6913               w ("   Checks killed for saved check ", J);
6914            end if;
6915
6916            Saved_Checks (J).Killed := True;
6917         end if;
6918      end loop;
6919   end Kill_Checks;
6920
6921   ------------------------------
6922   -- Length_Checks_Suppressed --
6923   ------------------------------
6924
6925   function Length_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
6926   begin
6927      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
6928         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Length_Check);
6929      else
6930         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Length_Check);
6931      end if;
6932   end Length_Checks_Suppressed;
6933
6934   -----------------------
6935   -- Make_Bignum_Block --
6936   -----------------------
6937
6938   function Make_Bignum_Block (Loc : Source_Ptr) return Node_Id is
6939      M : constant Entity_Id := Make_Defining_Identifier (Loc, Name_uM);
6940
6941   begin
6942      return
6943        Make_Block_Statement (Loc,
6944          Declarations => New_List (
6945            Make_Object_Declaration (Loc,
6946              Defining_Identifier => M,
6947              Object_Definition   =>
6948                New_Occurrence_Of (RTE (RE_Mark_Id), Loc),
6949              Expression          =>
6950                Make_Function_Call (Loc,
6951                  Name => New_Occurrence_Of (RTE (RE_SS_Mark), Loc)))),
6952
6953          Handled_Statement_Sequence =>
6954            Make_Handled_Sequence_Of_Statements (Loc,
6955              Statements => New_List (
6956                Make_Procedure_Call_Statement (Loc,
6957                  Name => New_Occurrence_Of (RTE (RE_SS_Release), Loc),
6958                  Parameter_Associations => New_List (
6959                    New_Occurrence_Of (M, Loc))))));
6960   end Make_Bignum_Block;
6961
6962   ----------------------------------
6963   -- Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows --
6964   ----------------------------------
6965
6966   --  This is a recursive routine that is called at the top of an expression
6967   --  tree to properly process overflow checking for a whole subtree by making
6968   --  recursive calls to process operands. This processing may involve the use
6969   --  of bignum or long long integer arithmetic, which will change the types
6970   --  of operands and results. That's why we can't do this bottom up (since
6971   --  it would interfere with semantic analysis).
6972
6973   --  What happens is that if MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED mode is in effect then
6974   --  the operator expansion routines, as well as the expansion routines for
6975   --  if/case expression, do nothing (for the moment) except call the routine
6976   --  to apply the overflow check (Apply_Arithmetic_Overflow_Check). That
6977   --  routine does nothing for non top-level nodes, so at the point where the
6978   --  call is made for the top level node, the entire expression subtree has
6979   --  not been expanded, or processed for overflow. All that has to happen as
6980   --  a result of the top level call to this routine.
6981
6982   --  As noted above, the overflow processing works by making recursive calls
6983   --  for the operands, and figuring out what to do, based on the processing
6984   --  of these operands (e.g. if a bignum operand appears, the parent op has
6985   --  to be done in bignum mode), and the determined ranges of the operands.
6986
6987   --  After possible rewriting of a constituent subexpression node, a call is
6988   --  made to either reexpand the node (if nothing has changed) or reanalyze
6989   --  the node (if it has been modified by the overflow check processing). The
6990   --  Analyzed_Flag is set to False before the reexpand/reanalyze. To avoid
6991   --  a recursive call into the whole overflow apparatus, an important rule
6992   --  for this call is that the overflow handling mode must be temporarily set
6993   --  to STRICT.
6994
6995   procedure Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows
6996     (N         : Node_Id;
6997      Lo        : out Uint;
6998      Hi        : out Uint;
6999      Top_Level : Boolean)
7000   is
7001      Rtyp : constant Entity_Id := Etype (N);
7002      pragma Assert (Is_Signed_Integer_Type (Rtyp));
7003      --  Result type, must be a signed integer type
7004
7005      Check_Mode : constant Overflow_Mode_Type := Overflow_Check_Mode;
7006      pragma Assert (Check_Mode in Minimized_Or_Eliminated);
7007
7008      Loc : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (N);
7009
7010      Rlo, Rhi : Uint;
7011      --  Ranges of values for right operand (operator case)
7012
7013      Llo, Lhi : Uint;
7014      --  Ranges of values for left operand (operator case)
7015
7016      LLIB : constant Entity_Id := Base_Type (Standard_Long_Long_Integer);
7017      --  Operands and results are of this type when we convert
7018
7019      LLLo : constant Uint := Intval (Type_Low_Bound  (LLIB));
7020      LLHi : constant Uint := Intval (Type_High_Bound (LLIB));
7021      --  Bounds of Long_Long_Integer
7022
7023      Binary : constant Boolean := Nkind (N) in N_Binary_Op;
7024      --  Indicates binary operator case
7025
7026      OK : Boolean;
7027      --  Used in call to Determine_Range
7028
7029      Bignum_Operands : Boolean;
7030      --  Set True if one or more operands is already of type Bignum, meaning
7031      --  that for sure (regardless of Top_Level setting) we are committed to
7032      --  doing the operation in Bignum mode (or in the case of a case or if
7033      --  expression, converting all the dependent expressions to Bignum).
7034
7035      Long_Long_Integer_Operands : Boolean;
7036      --  Set True if one or more operands is already of type Long_Long_Integer
7037      --  which means that if the result is known to be in the result type
7038      --  range, then we must convert such operands back to the result type.
7039
7040      procedure Reanalyze (Typ : Entity_Id; Suppress : Boolean := False);
7041      --  This is called when we have modified the node and we therefore need
7042      --  to reanalyze it. It is important that we reset the mode to STRICT for
7043      --  this reanalysis, since if we leave it in MINIMIZED or ELIMINATED mode
7044      --  we would reenter this routine recursively which would not be good.
7045      --  The argument Suppress is set True if we also want to suppress
7046      --  overflow checking for the reexpansion (this is set when we know
7047      --  overflow is not possible). Typ is the type for the reanalysis.
7048
7049      procedure Reexpand (Suppress : Boolean := False);
7050      --  This is like Reanalyze, but does not do the Analyze step, it only
7051      --  does a reexpansion. We do this reexpansion in STRICT mode, so that
7052      --  instead of reentering the MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED mode processing, we
7053      --  follow the normal expansion path (e.g. converting A**4 to A**2**2).
7054      --  Note that skipping reanalysis is not just an optimization, testing
7055      --  has showed up several complex cases in which reanalyzing an already
7056      --  analyzed node causes incorrect behavior.
7057
7058      function In_Result_Range return Boolean;
7059      --  Returns True iff Lo .. Hi are within range of the result type
7060
7061      procedure Max (A : in out Uint; B : Uint);
7062      --  If A is No_Uint, sets A to B, else to UI_Max (A, B)
7063
7064      procedure Min (A : in out Uint; B : Uint);
7065      --  If A is No_Uint, sets A to B, else to UI_Min (A, B)
7066
7067      ---------------------
7068      -- In_Result_Range --
7069      ---------------------
7070
7071      function In_Result_Range return Boolean is
7072      begin
7073         if Lo = No_Uint or else Hi = No_Uint then
7074            return False;
7075
7076         elsif Is_Static_Subtype (Etype (N)) then
7077            return Lo >= Expr_Value (Type_Low_Bound  (Rtyp))
7078                     and then
7079                   Hi <= Expr_Value (Type_High_Bound (Rtyp));
7080
7081         else
7082            return Lo >= Expr_Value (Type_Low_Bound  (Base_Type (Rtyp)))
7083                     and then
7084                   Hi <= Expr_Value (Type_High_Bound (Base_Type (Rtyp)));
7085         end if;
7086      end In_Result_Range;
7087
7088      ---------
7089      -- Max --
7090      ---------
7091
7092      procedure Max (A : in out Uint; B : Uint) is
7093      begin
7094         if A = No_Uint or else B > A then
7095            A := B;
7096         end if;
7097      end Max;
7098
7099      ---------
7100      -- Min --
7101      ---------
7102
7103      procedure Min (A : in out Uint; B : Uint) is
7104      begin
7105         if A = No_Uint or else B < A then
7106            A := B;
7107         end if;
7108      end Min;
7109
7110      ---------------
7111      -- Reanalyze --
7112      ---------------
7113
7114      procedure Reanalyze (Typ : Entity_Id; Suppress : Boolean := False) is
7115         Svg : constant Overflow_Mode_Type :=
7116                 Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General;
7117         Sva : constant Overflow_Mode_Type :=
7118                 Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions;
7119         Svo : constant Boolean             :=
7120                 Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Overflow_Check);
7121
7122      begin
7123         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General    := Strict;
7124         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions := Strict;
7125
7126         if Suppress then
7127            Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Overflow_Check) := True;
7128         end if;
7129
7130         Analyze_And_Resolve (N, Typ);
7131
7132         Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Overflow_Check)  := Svo;
7133         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General    := Svg;
7134         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions := Sva;
7135      end Reanalyze;
7136
7137      --------------
7138      -- Reexpand --
7139      --------------
7140
7141      procedure Reexpand (Suppress : Boolean := False) is
7142         Svg : constant Overflow_Mode_Type :=
7143                 Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General;
7144         Sva : constant Overflow_Mode_Type :=
7145                 Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions;
7146         Svo : constant Boolean             :=
7147                 Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Overflow_Check);
7148
7149      begin
7150         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General    := Strict;
7151         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions := Strict;
7152         Set_Analyzed (N, False);
7153
7154         if Suppress then
7155            Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Overflow_Check) := True;
7156         end if;
7157
7158         Expand (N);
7159
7160         Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Overflow_Check)  := Svo;
7161         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General    := Svg;
7162         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions := Sva;
7163      end Reexpand;
7164
7165   --  Start of processing for Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows
7166
7167   begin
7168      --  Case where we do not have a signed integer arithmetic operation
7169
7170      if not Is_Signed_Integer_Arithmetic_Op (N) then
7171
7172         --  Use the normal Determine_Range routine to get the range. We
7173         --  don't require operands to be valid, invalid values may result in
7174         --  rubbish results where the result has not been properly checked for
7175         --  overflow, that's fine.
7176
7177         Determine_Range (N, OK, Lo, Hi, Assume_Valid => False);
7178
7179         --  If Determine_Range did not work (can this in fact happen? Not
7180         --  clear but might as well protect), use type bounds.
7181
7182         if not OK then
7183            Lo := Intval (Type_Low_Bound  (Base_Type (Etype (N))));
7184            Hi := Intval (Type_High_Bound (Base_Type (Etype (N))));
7185         end if;
7186
7187         --  If we don't have a binary operator, all we have to do is to set
7188         --  the Hi/Lo range, so we are done.
7189
7190         return;
7191
7192      --  Processing for if expression
7193
7194      elsif Nkind (N) = N_If_Expression then
7195         declare
7196            Then_DE : constant Node_Id := Next (First (Expressions (N)));
7197            Else_DE : constant Node_Id := Next (Then_DE);
7198
7199         begin
7200            Bignum_Operands := False;
7201
7202            Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows
7203              (Then_DE, Lo, Hi, Top_Level => False);
7204
7205            if Lo = No_Uint then
7206               Bignum_Operands := True;
7207            end if;
7208
7209            Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows
7210              (Else_DE, Rlo, Rhi, Top_Level => False);
7211
7212            if Rlo = No_Uint then
7213               Bignum_Operands := True;
7214            else
7215               Long_Long_Integer_Operands :=
7216                 Etype (Then_DE) = LLIB or else Etype (Else_DE) = LLIB;
7217
7218               Min (Lo, Rlo);
7219               Max (Hi, Rhi);
7220            end if;
7221
7222            --  If at least one of our operands is now Bignum, we must rebuild
7223            --  the if expression to use Bignum operands. We will analyze the
7224            --  rebuilt if expression with overflow checks off, since once we
7225            --  are in bignum mode, we are all done with overflow checks.
7226
7227            if Bignum_Operands then
7228               Rewrite (N,
7229                 Make_If_Expression (Loc,
7230                   Expressions => New_List (
7231                     Remove_Head (Expressions (N)),
7232                     Convert_To_Bignum (Then_DE),
7233                     Convert_To_Bignum (Else_DE)),
7234                   Is_Elsif    => Is_Elsif (N)));
7235
7236               Reanalyze (RTE (RE_Bignum), Suppress => True);
7237
7238            --  If we have no Long_Long_Integer operands, then we are in result
7239            --  range, since it means that none of our operands felt the need
7240            --  to worry about overflow (otherwise it would have already been
7241            --  converted to long long integer or bignum). We reexpand to
7242            --  complete the expansion of the if expression (but we do not
7243            --  need to reanalyze).
7244
7245            elsif not Long_Long_Integer_Operands then
7246               Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
7247               Reexpand;
7248
7249            --  Otherwise convert us to long long integer mode. Note that we
7250            --  don't need any further overflow checking at this level.
7251
7252            else
7253               Convert_To_And_Rewrite (LLIB, Then_DE);
7254               Convert_To_And_Rewrite (LLIB, Else_DE);
7255               Set_Etype (N, LLIB);
7256
7257               --  Now reanalyze with overflow checks off
7258
7259               Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
7260               Reanalyze (LLIB, Suppress => True);
7261            end if;
7262         end;
7263
7264         return;
7265
7266      --  Here for case expression
7267
7268      elsif Nkind (N) = N_Case_Expression then
7269         Bignum_Operands := False;
7270         Long_Long_Integer_Operands := False;
7271
7272         declare
7273            Alt : Node_Id;
7274
7275         begin
7276            --  Loop through expressions applying recursive call
7277
7278            Alt := First (Alternatives (N));
7279            while Present (Alt) loop
7280               declare
7281                  Aexp : constant Node_Id := Expression (Alt);
7282
7283               begin
7284                  Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows
7285                    (Aexp, Lo, Hi, Top_Level => False);
7286
7287                  if Lo = No_Uint then
7288                     Bignum_Operands := True;
7289                  elsif Etype (Aexp) = LLIB then
7290                     Long_Long_Integer_Operands := True;
7291                  end if;
7292               end;
7293
7294               Next (Alt);
7295            end loop;
7296
7297            --  If we have no bignum or long long integer operands, it means
7298            --  that none of our dependent expressions could raise overflow.
7299            --  In this case, we simply return with no changes except for
7300            --  resetting the overflow flag, since we are done with overflow
7301            --  checks for this node. We will reexpand to get the needed
7302            --  expansion for the case expression, but we do not need to
7303            --  reanalyze, since nothing has changed.
7304
7305            if not (Bignum_Operands or Long_Long_Integer_Operands) then
7306               Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
7307               Reexpand (Suppress => True);
7308
7309            --  Otherwise we are going to rebuild the case expression using
7310            --  either bignum or long long integer operands throughout.
7311
7312            else
7313               declare
7314                  Rtype    : Entity_Id;
7315                  New_Alts : List_Id;
7316                  New_Exp  : Node_Id;
7317
7318               begin
7319                  New_Alts := New_List;
7320                  Alt := First (Alternatives (N));
7321                  while Present (Alt) loop
7322                     if Bignum_Operands then
7323                        New_Exp := Convert_To_Bignum (Expression (Alt));
7324                        Rtype   := RTE (RE_Bignum);
7325                     else
7326                        New_Exp := Convert_To (LLIB, Expression (Alt));
7327                        Rtype   := LLIB;
7328                     end if;
7329
7330                     Append_To (New_Alts,
7331                       Make_Case_Expression_Alternative (Sloc (Alt),
7332                         Actions          => No_List,
7333                         Discrete_Choices => Discrete_Choices (Alt),
7334                         Expression       => New_Exp));
7335
7336                     Next (Alt);
7337                  end loop;
7338
7339                  Rewrite (N,
7340                    Make_Case_Expression (Loc,
7341                      Expression   => Expression (N),
7342                      Alternatives => New_Alts));
7343
7344                  Reanalyze (Rtype, Suppress => True);
7345               end;
7346            end if;
7347         end;
7348
7349         return;
7350      end if;
7351
7352      --  If we have an arithmetic operator we make recursive calls on the
7353      --  operands to get the ranges (and to properly process the subtree
7354      --  that lies below us).
7355
7356      Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows
7357        (Right_Opnd (N), Rlo, Rhi, Top_Level => False);
7358
7359      if Binary then
7360         Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows
7361           (Left_Opnd (N), Llo, Lhi, Top_Level => False);
7362      end if;
7363
7364      --  Record if we have Long_Long_Integer operands
7365
7366      Long_Long_Integer_Operands :=
7367        Etype (Right_Opnd (N)) = LLIB
7368          or else (Binary and then Etype (Left_Opnd (N)) = LLIB);
7369
7370      --  If either operand is a bignum, then result will be a bignum and we
7371      --  don't need to do any range analysis. As previously discussed we could
7372      --  do range analysis in such cases, but it could mean working with giant
7373      --  numbers at compile time for very little gain (the number of cases
7374      --  in which we could slip back from bignum mode is small).
7375
7376      if Rlo = No_Uint or else (Binary and then Llo = No_Uint) then
7377         Lo := No_Uint;
7378         Hi := No_Uint;
7379         Bignum_Operands := True;
7380
7381      --  Otherwise compute result range
7382
7383      else
7384         Bignum_Operands := False;
7385
7386         case Nkind (N) is
7387
7388            --  Absolute value
7389
7390            when N_Op_Abs =>
7391               Lo := Uint_0;
7392               Hi := UI_Max (abs Rlo, abs Rhi);
7393
7394            --  Addition
7395
7396            when N_Op_Add =>
7397               Lo := Llo + Rlo;
7398               Hi := Lhi + Rhi;
7399
7400            --  Division
7401
7402            when N_Op_Divide =>
7403
7404               --  If the right operand can only be zero, set 0..0
7405
7406               if Rlo = 0 and then Rhi = 0 then
7407                  Lo := Uint_0;
7408                  Hi := Uint_0;
7409
7410               --  Possible bounds of division must come from dividing end
7411               --  values of the input ranges (four possibilities), provided
7412               --  zero is not included in the possible values of the right
7413               --  operand.
7414
7415               --  Otherwise, we just consider two intervals of values for
7416               --  the right operand: the interval of negative values (up to
7417               --  -1) and the interval of positive values (starting at 1).
7418               --  Since division by 1 is the identity, and division by -1
7419               --  is negation, we get all possible bounds of division in that
7420               --  case by considering:
7421               --    - all values from the division of end values of input
7422               --      ranges;
7423               --    - the end values of the left operand;
7424               --    - the negation of the end values of the left operand.
7425
7426               else
7427                  declare
7428                     Mrk : constant Uintp.Save_Mark := Mark;
7429                     --  Mark so we can release the RR and Ev values
7430
7431                     Ev1 : Uint;
7432                     Ev2 : Uint;
7433                     Ev3 : Uint;
7434                     Ev4 : Uint;
7435
7436                  begin
7437                     --  Discard extreme values of zero for the divisor, since
7438                     --  they will simply result in an exception in any case.
7439
7440                     if Rlo = 0 then
7441                        Rlo := Uint_1;
7442                     elsif Rhi = 0 then
7443                        Rhi := -Uint_1;
7444                     end if;
7445
7446                     --  Compute possible bounds coming from dividing end
7447                     --  values of the input ranges.
7448
7449                     Ev1 := Llo / Rlo;
7450                     Ev2 := Llo / Rhi;
7451                     Ev3 := Lhi / Rlo;
7452                     Ev4 := Lhi / Rhi;
7453
7454                     Lo := UI_Min (UI_Min (Ev1, Ev2), UI_Min (Ev3, Ev4));
7455                     Hi := UI_Max (UI_Max (Ev1, Ev2), UI_Max (Ev3, Ev4));
7456
7457                     --  If the right operand can be both negative or positive,
7458                     --  include the end values of the left operand in the
7459                     --  extreme values, as well as their negation.
7460
7461                     if Rlo < 0 and then Rhi > 0 then
7462                        Ev1 := Llo;
7463                        Ev2 := -Llo;
7464                        Ev3 := Lhi;
7465                        Ev4 := -Lhi;
7466
7467                        Min (Lo,
7468                             UI_Min (UI_Min (Ev1, Ev2), UI_Min (Ev3, Ev4)));
7469                        Max (Hi,
7470                             UI_Max (UI_Max (Ev1, Ev2), UI_Max (Ev3, Ev4)));
7471                     end if;
7472
7473                     --  Release the RR and Ev values
7474
7475                     Release_And_Save (Mrk, Lo, Hi);
7476                  end;
7477               end if;
7478
7479            --  Exponentiation
7480
7481            when N_Op_Expon =>
7482
7483               --  Discard negative values for the exponent, since they will
7484               --  simply result in an exception in any case.
7485
7486               if Rhi < 0 then
7487                  Rhi := Uint_0;
7488               elsif Rlo < 0 then
7489                  Rlo := Uint_0;
7490               end if;
7491
7492               --  Estimate number of bits in result before we go computing
7493               --  giant useless bounds. Basically the number of bits in the
7494               --  result is the number of bits in the base multiplied by the
7495               --  value of the exponent. If this is big enough that the result
7496               --  definitely won't fit in Long_Long_Integer, switch to bignum
7497               --  mode immediately, and avoid computing giant bounds.
7498
7499               --  The comparison here is approximate, but conservative, it
7500               --  only clicks on cases that are sure to exceed the bounds.
7501
7502               if Num_Bits (UI_Max (abs Llo, abs Lhi)) * Rhi + 1 > 100 then
7503                  Lo := No_Uint;
7504                  Hi := No_Uint;
7505
7506               --  If right operand is zero then result is 1
7507
7508               elsif Rhi = 0 then
7509                  Lo := Uint_1;
7510                  Hi := Uint_1;
7511
7512               else
7513                  --  High bound comes either from exponentiation of largest
7514                  --  positive value to largest exponent value, or from
7515                  --  the exponentiation of most negative value to an
7516                  --  even exponent.
7517
7518                  declare
7519                     Hi1, Hi2 : Uint;
7520
7521                  begin
7522                     if Lhi > 0 then
7523                        Hi1 := Lhi ** Rhi;
7524                     else
7525                        Hi1 := Uint_0;
7526                     end if;
7527
7528                     if Llo < 0 then
7529                        if Rhi mod 2 = 0 then
7530                           Hi2 := Llo ** Rhi;
7531                        else
7532                           Hi2 := Llo ** (Rhi - 1);
7533                        end if;
7534                     else
7535                        Hi2 := Uint_0;
7536                     end if;
7537
7538                     Hi := UI_Max (Hi1, Hi2);
7539                  end;
7540
7541                  --  Result can only be negative if base can be negative
7542
7543                  if Llo < 0 then
7544                     if Rhi mod 2 = 0 then
7545                        Lo := Llo ** (Rhi - 1);
7546                     else
7547                        Lo := Llo ** Rhi;
7548                     end if;
7549
7550                  --  Otherwise low bound is minimum ** minimum
7551
7552                  else
7553                     Lo := Llo ** Rlo;
7554                  end if;
7555               end if;
7556
7557            --  Negation
7558
7559            when N_Op_Minus =>
7560               Lo := -Rhi;
7561               Hi := -Rlo;
7562
7563            --  Mod
7564
7565            when N_Op_Mod =>
7566               declare
7567                  Maxabs : constant Uint := UI_Max (abs Rlo, abs Rhi) - 1;
7568                  --  This is the maximum absolute value of the result
7569
7570               begin
7571                  Lo := Uint_0;
7572                  Hi := Uint_0;
7573
7574                  --  The result depends only on the sign and magnitude of
7575                  --  the right operand, it does not depend on the sign or
7576                  --  magnitude of the left operand.
7577
7578                  if Rlo < 0 then
7579                     Lo := -Maxabs;
7580                  end if;
7581
7582                  if Rhi > 0 then
7583                     Hi := Maxabs;
7584                  end if;
7585               end;
7586
7587            --  Multiplication
7588
7589            when N_Op_Multiply =>
7590
7591               --  Possible bounds of multiplication must come from multiplying
7592               --  end values of the input ranges (four possibilities).
7593
7594               declare
7595                  Mrk : constant Uintp.Save_Mark := Mark;
7596                  --  Mark so we can release the Ev values
7597
7598                  Ev1 : constant Uint := Llo * Rlo;
7599                  Ev2 : constant Uint := Llo * Rhi;
7600                  Ev3 : constant Uint := Lhi * Rlo;
7601                  Ev4 : constant Uint := Lhi * Rhi;
7602
7603               begin
7604                  Lo := UI_Min (UI_Min (Ev1, Ev2), UI_Min (Ev3, Ev4));
7605                  Hi := UI_Max (UI_Max (Ev1, Ev2), UI_Max (Ev3, Ev4));
7606
7607                  --  Release the Ev values
7608
7609                  Release_And_Save (Mrk, Lo, Hi);
7610               end;
7611
7612            --  Plus operator (affirmation)
7613
7614            when N_Op_Plus =>
7615               Lo := Rlo;
7616               Hi := Rhi;
7617
7618            --  Remainder
7619
7620            when N_Op_Rem =>
7621               declare
7622                  Maxabs : constant Uint := UI_Max (abs Rlo, abs Rhi) - 1;
7623                  --  This is the maximum absolute value of the result. Note
7624                  --  that the result range does not depend on the sign of the
7625                  --  right operand.
7626
7627               begin
7628                  Lo := Uint_0;
7629                  Hi := Uint_0;
7630
7631                  --  Case of left operand negative, which results in a range
7632                  --  of -Maxabs .. 0 for those negative values. If there are
7633                  --  no negative values then Lo value of result is always 0.
7634
7635                  if Llo < 0 then
7636                     Lo := -Maxabs;
7637                  end if;
7638
7639                  --  Case of left operand positive
7640
7641                  if Lhi > 0 then
7642                     Hi := Maxabs;
7643                  end if;
7644               end;
7645
7646            --  Subtract
7647
7648            when N_Op_Subtract =>
7649               Lo := Llo - Rhi;
7650               Hi := Lhi - Rlo;
7651
7652            --  Nothing else should be possible
7653
7654            when others =>
7655               raise Program_Error;
7656         end case;
7657      end if;
7658
7659      --  Here for the case where we have not rewritten anything (no bignum
7660      --  operands or long long integer operands), and we know the result.
7661      --  If we know we are in the result range, and we do not have Bignum
7662      --  operands or Long_Long_Integer operands, we can just reexpand with
7663      --  overflow checks turned off (since we know we cannot have overflow).
7664      --  As always the reexpansion is required to complete expansion of the
7665      --  operator, but we do not need to reanalyze, and we prevent recursion
7666      --  by suppressing the check.
7667
7668      if not (Bignum_Operands or Long_Long_Integer_Operands)
7669        and then In_Result_Range
7670      then
7671         Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
7672         Reexpand (Suppress => True);
7673         return;
7674
7675      --  Here we know that we are not in the result range, and in the general
7676      --  case we will move into either the Bignum or Long_Long_Integer domain
7677      --  to compute the result. However, there is one exception. If we are
7678      --  at the top level, and we do not have Bignum or Long_Long_Integer
7679      --  operands, we will have to immediately convert the result back to
7680      --  the result type, so there is no point in Bignum/Long_Long_Integer
7681      --  fiddling.
7682
7683      elsif Top_Level
7684        and then not (Bignum_Operands or Long_Long_Integer_Operands)
7685
7686        --  One further refinement. If we are at the top level, but our parent
7687        --  is a type conversion, then go into bignum or long long integer node
7688        --  since the result will be converted to that type directly without
7689        --  going through the result type, and we may avoid an overflow. This
7690        --  is the case for example of Long_Long_Integer (A ** 4), where A is
7691        --  of type Integer, and the result A ** 4 fits in Long_Long_Integer
7692        --  but does not fit in Integer.
7693
7694        and then Nkind (Parent (N)) /= N_Type_Conversion
7695      then
7696         --  Here keep original types, but we need to complete analysis
7697
7698         --  One subtlety. We can't just go ahead and do an analyze operation
7699         --  here because it will cause recursion into the whole MINIMIZED/
7700         --  ELIMINATED overflow processing which is not what we want. Here
7701         --  we are at the top level, and we need a check against the result
7702         --  mode (i.e. we want to use STRICT mode). So do exactly that.
7703         --  Also, we have not modified the node, so this is a case where
7704         --  we need to reexpand, but not reanalyze.
7705
7706         Reexpand;
7707         return;
7708
7709      --  Cases where we do the operation in Bignum mode. This happens either
7710      --  because one of our operands is in Bignum mode already, or because
7711      --  the computed bounds are outside the bounds of Long_Long_Integer,
7712      --  which in some cases can be indicated by Hi and Lo being No_Uint.
7713
7714      --  Note: we could do better here and in some cases switch back from
7715      --  Bignum mode to normal mode, e.g. big mod 2 must be in the range
7716      --  0 .. 1, but the cases are rare and it is not worth the effort.
7717      --  Failing to do this switching back is only an efficiency issue.
7718
7719      elsif Lo = No_Uint or else Lo < LLLo or else Hi > LLHi then
7720
7721         --  OK, we are definitely outside the range of Long_Long_Integer. The
7722         --  question is whether to move to Bignum mode, or stay in the domain
7723         --  of Long_Long_Integer, signalling that an overflow check is needed.
7724
7725         --  Obviously in MINIMIZED mode we stay with LLI, since we are not in
7726         --  the Bignum business. In ELIMINATED mode, we will normally move
7727         --  into Bignum mode, but there is an exception if neither of our
7728         --  operands is Bignum now, and we are at the top level (Top_Level
7729         --  set True). In this case, there is no point in moving into Bignum
7730         --  mode to prevent overflow if the caller will immediately convert
7731         --  the Bignum value back to LLI with an overflow check. It's more
7732         --  efficient to stay in LLI mode with an overflow check (if needed)
7733
7734         if Check_Mode = Minimized
7735           or else (Top_Level and not Bignum_Operands)
7736         then
7737            if Do_Overflow_Check (N) then
7738               Enable_Overflow_Check (N);
7739            end if;
7740
7741            --  The result now has to be in Long_Long_Integer mode, so adjust
7742            --  the possible range to reflect this. Note these calls also
7743            --  change No_Uint values from the top level case to LLI bounds.
7744
7745            Max (Lo, LLLo);
7746            Min (Hi, LLHi);
7747
7748         --  Otherwise we are in ELIMINATED mode and we switch to Bignum mode
7749
7750         else
7751            pragma Assert (Check_Mode = Eliminated);
7752
7753            declare
7754               Fent : Entity_Id;
7755               Args : List_Id;
7756
7757            begin
7758               case Nkind (N) is
7759                  when N_Op_Abs      =>
7760                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Abs);
7761
7762                  when N_Op_Add      =>
7763                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Add);
7764
7765                  when N_Op_Divide   =>
7766                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Div);
7767
7768                  when N_Op_Expon    =>
7769                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Exp);
7770
7771                  when N_Op_Minus    =>
7772                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Neg);
7773
7774                  when N_Op_Mod      =>
7775                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Mod);
7776
7777                  when N_Op_Multiply =>
7778                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Mul);
7779
7780                  when N_Op_Rem      =>
7781                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Rem);
7782
7783                  when N_Op_Subtract =>
7784                     Fent := RTE (RE_Big_Sub);
7785
7786                  --  Anything else is an internal error, this includes the
7787                  --  N_Op_Plus case, since how can plus cause the result
7788                  --  to be out of range if the operand is in range?
7789
7790                  when others =>
7791                     raise Program_Error;
7792               end case;
7793
7794               --  Construct argument list for Bignum call, converting our
7795               --  operands to Bignum form if they are not already there.
7796
7797               Args := New_List;
7798
7799               if Binary then
7800                  Append_To (Args, Convert_To_Bignum (Left_Opnd (N)));
7801               end if;
7802
7803               Append_To (Args, Convert_To_Bignum (Right_Opnd (N)));
7804
7805               --  Now rewrite the arithmetic operator with a call to the
7806               --  corresponding bignum function.
7807
7808               Rewrite (N,
7809                 Make_Function_Call (Loc,
7810                   Name                   => New_Occurrence_Of (Fent, Loc),
7811                   Parameter_Associations => Args));
7812               Reanalyze (RTE (RE_Bignum), Suppress => True);
7813
7814               --  Indicate result is Bignum mode
7815
7816               Lo := No_Uint;
7817               Hi := No_Uint;
7818               return;
7819            end;
7820         end if;
7821
7822      --  Otherwise we are in range of Long_Long_Integer, so no overflow
7823      --  check is required, at least not yet.
7824
7825      else
7826         Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
7827      end if;
7828
7829      --  Here we are not in Bignum territory, but we may have long long
7830      --  integer operands that need special handling. First a special check:
7831      --  If an exponentiation operator exponent is of type Long_Long_Integer,
7832      --  it means we converted it to prevent overflow, but exponentiation
7833      --  requires a Natural right operand, so convert it back to Natural.
7834      --  This conversion may raise an exception which is fine.
7835
7836      if Nkind (N) = N_Op_Expon and then Etype (Right_Opnd (N)) = LLIB then
7837         Convert_To_And_Rewrite (Standard_Natural, Right_Opnd (N));
7838      end if;
7839
7840      --  Here we will do the operation in Long_Long_Integer. We do this even
7841      --  if we know an overflow check is required, better to do this in long
7842      --  long integer mode, since we are less likely to overflow.
7843
7844      --  Convert right or only operand to Long_Long_Integer, except that
7845      --  we do not touch the exponentiation right operand.
7846
7847      if Nkind (N) /= N_Op_Expon then
7848         Convert_To_And_Rewrite (LLIB, Right_Opnd (N));
7849      end if;
7850
7851      --  Convert left operand to Long_Long_Integer for binary case
7852
7853      if Binary then
7854         Convert_To_And_Rewrite (LLIB, Left_Opnd (N));
7855      end if;
7856
7857      --  Reset node to unanalyzed
7858
7859      Set_Analyzed (N, False);
7860      Set_Etype (N, Empty);
7861      Set_Entity (N, Empty);
7862
7863      --  Now analyze this new node. This reanalysis will complete processing
7864      --  for the node. In particular we will complete the expansion of an
7865      --  exponentiation operator (e.g. changing A ** 2 to A * A), and also
7866      --  we will complete any division checks (since we have not changed the
7867      --  setting of the Do_Division_Check flag).
7868
7869      --  We do this reanalysis in STRICT mode to avoid recursion into the
7870      --  MINIMIZED/ELIMINATED handling, since we are now done with that.
7871
7872      declare
7873         SG : constant Overflow_Mode_Type :=
7874                Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General;
7875         SA : constant Overflow_Mode_Type :=
7876                Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions;
7877
7878      begin
7879         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General    := Strict;
7880         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions := Strict;
7881
7882         if not Do_Overflow_Check (N) then
7883            Reanalyze (LLIB, Suppress => True);
7884         else
7885            Reanalyze (LLIB);
7886         end if;
7887
7888         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General    := SG;
7889         Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions := SA;
7890      end;
7891   end Minimize_Eliminate_Overflows;
7892
7893   -------------------------
7894   -- Overflow_Check_Mode --
7895   -------------------------
7896
7897   function Overflow_Check_Mode return Overflow_Mode_Type is
7898   begin
7899      if In_Assertion_Expr = 0 then
7900         return Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_General;
7901      else
7902         return Scope_Suppress.Overflow_Mode_Assertions;
7903      end if;
7904   end Overflow_Check_Mode;
7905
7906   --------------------------------
7907   -- Overflow_Checks_Suppressed --
7908   --------------------------------
7909
7910   function Overflow_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
7911   begin
7912      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
7913         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Overflow_Check);
7914      else
7915         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Overflow_Check);
7916      end if;
7917   end Overflow_Checks_Suppressed;
7918
7919   ---------------------------------
7920   -- Predicate_Checks_Suppressed --
7921   ---------------------------------
7922
7923   function Predicate_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
7924   begin
7925      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
7926         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Predicate_Check);
7927      else
7928         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Predicate_Check);
7929      end if;
7930   end Predicate_Checks_Suppressed;
7931
7932   -----------------------------
7933   -- Range_Checks_Suppressed --
7934   -----------------------------
7935
7936   function Range_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
7937   begin
7938      if Present (E) then
7939
7940         --  Note: for now we always suppress range checks on Vax float types,
7941         --  since Gigi does not know how to generate these checks.
7942
7943         if Vax_Float (E) then
7944            return True;
7945         elsif Kill_Range_Checks (E) then
7946            return True;
7947         elsif Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
7948            return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Range_Check);
7949         end if;
7950      end if;
7951
7952      return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Range_Check);
7953   end Range_Checks_Suppressed;
7954
7955   -----------------------------------------
7956   -- Range_Or_Validity_Checks_Suppressed --
7957   -----------------------------------------
7958
7959   --  Note: the coding would be simpler here if we simply made appropriate
7960   --  calls to Range/Validity_Checks_Suppressed, but that would result in
7961   --  duplicated checks which we prefer to avoid.
7962
7963   function Range_Or_Validity_Checks_Suppressed
7964     (Expr : Node_Id) return Boolean
7965   is
7966   begin
7967      --  Immediate return if scope checks suppressed for either check
7968
7969      if Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Range_Check)
7970           or
7971         Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Validity_Check)
7972      then
7973         return True;
7974      end if;
7975
7976      --  If no expression, that's odd, decide that checks are suppressed,
7977      --  since we don't want anyone trying to do checks in this case, which
7978      --  is most likely the result of some other error.
7979
7980      if No (Expr) then
7981         return True;
7982      end if;
7983
7984      --  Expression is present, so perform suppress checks on type
7985
7986      declare
7987         Typ : constant Entity_Id := Etype (Expr);
7988      begin
7989         if Vax_Float (Typ) then
7990            return True;
7991         elsif Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (Typ)
7992           and then (Is_Check_Suppressed (Typ, Range_Check)
7993                       or else
7994                     Is_Check_Suppressed (Typ, Validity_Check))
7995         then
7996            return True;
7997         end if;
7998      end;
7999
8000      --  If expression is an entity name, perform checks on this entity
8001
8002      if Is_Entity_Name (Expr) then
8003         declare
8004            Ent : constant Entity_Id := Entity (Expr);
8005         begin
8006            if Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (Ent) then
8007               return Is_Check_Suppressed (Ent, Range_Check)
8008                 or else Is_Check_Suppressed (Ent, Validity_Check);
8009            end if;
8010         end;
8011      end if;
8012
8013      --  If we fall through, no checks suppressed
8014
8015      return False;
8016   end Range_Or_Validity_Checks_Suppressed;
8017
8018   -------------------
8019   -- Remove_Checks --
8020   -------------------
8021
8022   procedure Remove_Checks (Expr : Node_Id) is
8023      function Process (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result;
8024      --  Process a single node during the traversal
8025
8026      procedure Traverse is new Traverse_Proc (Process);
8027      --  The traversal procedure itself
8028
8029      -------------
8030      -- Process --
8031      -------------
8032
8033      function Process (N : Node_Id) return Traverse_Result is
8034      begin
8035         if Nkind (N) not in N_Subexpr then
8036            return Skip;
8037         end if;
8038
8039         Set_Do_Range_Check (N, False);
8040
8041         case Nkind (N) is
8042            when N_And_Then =>
8043               Traverse (Left_Opnd (N));
8044               return Skip;
8045
8046            when N_Attribute_Reference =>
8047               Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
8048
8049            when N_Function_Call =>
8050               Set_Do_Tag_Check (N, False);
8051
8052            when N_Op =>
8053               Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
8054
8055               case Nkind (N) is
8056                  when N_Op_Divide =>
8057                     Set_Do_Division_Check (N, False);
8058
8059                  when N_Op_And =>
8060                     Set_Do_Length_Check (N, False);
8061
8062                  when N_Op_Mod =>
8063                     Set_Do_Division_Check (N, False);
8064
8065                  when N_Op_Or =>
8066                     Set_Do_Length_Check (N, False);
8067
8068                  when N_Op_Rem =>
8069                     Set_Do_Division_Check (N, False);
8070
8071                  when N_Op_Xor =>
8072                     Set_Do_Length_Check (N, False);
8073
8074                  when others =>
8075                     null;
8076               end case;
8077
8078            when N_Or_Else =>
8079               Traverse (Left_Opnd (N));
8080               return Skip;
8081
8082            when N_Selected_Component =>
8083               Set_Do_Discriminant_Check (N, False);
8084
8085            when N_Type_Conversion =>
8086               Set_Do_Length_Check   (N, False);
8087               Set_Do_Tag_Check      (N, False);
8088               Set_Do_Overflow_Check (N, False);
8089
8090            when others =>
8091               null;
8092         end case;
8093
8094         return OK;
8095      end Process;
8096
8097   --  Start of processing for Remove_Checks
8098
8099   begin
8100      Traverse (Expr);
8101   end Remove_Checks;
8102
8103   ----------------------------
8104   -- Selected_Length_Checks --
8105   ----------------------------
8106
8107   function Selected_Length_Checks
8108     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
8109      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
8110      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
8111      Warn_Node  : Node_Id) return Check_Result
8112   is
8113      Loc         : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Ck_Node);
8114      S_Typ       : Entity_Id;
8115      T_Typ       : Entity_Id;
8116      Expr_Actual : Node_Id;
8117      Exptyp      : Entity_Id;
8118      Cond        : Node_Id := Empty;
8119      Do_Access   : Boolean := False;
8120      Wnode       : Node_Id := Warn_Node;
8121      Ret_Result  : Check_Result := (Empty, Empty);
8122      Num_Checks  : Natural := 0;
8123
8124      procedure Add_Check (N : Node_Id);
8125      --  Adds the action given to Ret_Result if N is non-Empty
8126
8127      function Get_E_Length (E : Entity_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id;
8128      function Get_N_Length (N : Node_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id;
8129      --  Comments required ???
8130
8131      function Same_Bounds (L : Node_Id; R : Node_Id) return Boolean;
8132      --  True for equal literals and for nodes that denote the same constant
8133      --  entity, even if its value is not a static constant. This includes the
8134      --  case of a discriminal reference within an init proc. Removes some
8135      --  obviously superfluous checks.
8136
8137      function Length_E_Cond
8138        (Exptyp : Entity_Id;
8139         Typ    : Entity_Id;
8140         Indx   : Nat) return Node_Id;
8141      --  Returns expression to compute:
8142      --    Typ'Length /= Exptyp'Length
8143
8144      function Length_N_Cond
8145        (Expr : Node_Id;
8146         Typ  : Entity_Id;
8147         Indx : Nat) return Node_Id;
8148      --  Returns expression to compute:
8149      --    Typ'Length /= Expr'Length
8150
8151      ---------------
8152      -- Add_Check --
8153      ---------------
8154
8155      procedure Add_Check (N : Node_Id) is
8156      begin
8157         if Present (N) then
8158
8159            --  For now, ignore attempt to place more than two checks ???
8160            --  This is really worrisome, are we really discarding checks ???
8161
8162            if Num_Checks = 2 then
8163               return;
8164            end if;
8165
8166            pragma Assert (Num_Checks <= 1);
8167            Num_Checks := Num_Checks + 1;
8168            Ret_Result (Num_Checks) := N;
8169         end if;
8170      end Add_Check;
8171
8172      ------------------
8173      -- Get_E_Length --
8174      ------------------
8175
8176      function Get_E_Length (E : Entity_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id is
8177         SE : constant Entity_Id := Scope (E);
8178         N  : Node_Id;
8179         E1 : Entity_Id := E;
8180
8181      begin
8182         if Ekind (Scope (E)) = E_Record_Type
8183           and then Has_Discriminants (Scope (E))
8184         then
8185            N := Build_Discriminal_Subtype_Of_Component (E);
8186
8187            if Present (N) then
8188               Insert_Action (Ck_Node, N);
8189               E1 := Defining_Identifier (N);
8190            end if;
8191         end if;
8192
8193         if Ekind (E1) = E_String_Literal_Subtype then
8194            return
8195              Make_Integer_Literal (Loc,
8196                Intval => String_Literal_Length (E1));
8197
8198         elsif SE /= Standard_Standard
8199           and then Ekind (Scope (SE)) = E_Protected_Type
8200           and then Has_Discriminants (Scope (SE))
8201           and then Has_Completion (Scope (SE))
8202           and then not Inside_Init_Proc
8203         then
8204            --  If the type whose length is needed is a private component
8205            --  constrained by a discriminant, we must expand the 'Length
8206            --  attribute into an explicit computation, using the discriminal
8207            --  of the current protected operation. This is because the actual
8208            --  type of the prival is constructed after the protected opera-
8209            --  tion has been fully expanded.
8210
8211            declare
8212               Indx_Type : Node_Id;
8213               Lo        : Node_Id;
8214               Hi        : Node_Id;
8215               Do_Expand : Boolean := False;
8216
8217            begin
8218               Indx_Type := First_Index (E);
8219
8220               for J in 1 .. Indx - 1 loop
8221                  Next_Index (Indx_Type);
8222               end loop;
8223
8224               Get_Index_Bounds (Indx_Type, Lo, Hi);
8225
8226               if Nkind (Lo) = N_Identifier
8227                 and then Ekind (Entity (Lo)) = E_In_Parameter
8228               then
8229                  Lo := Get_Discriminal (E, Lo);
8230                  Do_Expand := True;
8231               end if;
8232
8233               if Nkind (Hi) = N_Identifier
8234                 and then Ekind (Entity (Hi)) = E_In_Parameter
8235               then
8236                  Hi := Get_Discriminal (E, Hi);
8237                  Do_Expand := True;
8238               end if;
8239
8240               if Do_Expand then
8241                  if not Is_Entity_Name (Lo) then
8242                     Lo := Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Lo);
8243                  end if;
8244
8245                  if not Is_Entity_Name (Hi) then
8246                     Lo := Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Hi);
8247                  end if;
8248
8249                  N :=
8250                    Make_Op_Add (Loc,
8251                      Left_Opnd =>
8252                        Make_Op_Subtract (Loc,
8253                          Left_Opnd  => Hi,
8254                          Right_Opnd => Lo),
8255
8256                      Right_Opnd => Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, 1));
8257                  return N;
8258
8259               else
8260                  N :=
8261                    Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
8262                      Attribute_Name => Name_Length,
8263                      Prefix =>
8264                        New_Occurrence_Of (E1, Loc));
8265
8266                  if Indx > 1 then
8267                     Set_Expressions (N, New_List (
8268                       Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Indx)));
8269                  end if;
8270
8271                  return N;
8272               end if;
8273            end;
8274
8275         else
8276            N :=
8277              Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
8278                Attribute_Name => Name_Length,
8279                Prefix =>
8280                  New_Occurrence_Of (E1, Loc));
8281
8282            if Indx > 1 then
8283               Set_Expressions (N, New_List (
8284                 Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Indx)));
8285            end if;
8286
8287            return N;
8288         end if;
8289      end Get_E_Length;
8290
8291      ------------------
8292      -- Get_N_Length --
8293      ------------------
8294
8295      function Get_N_Length (N : Node_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id is
8296      begin
8297         return
8298           Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
8299             Attribute_Name => Name_Length,
8300             Prefix =>
8301               Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (N, Name_Req => True),
8302             Expressions => New_List (
8303               Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Indx)));
8304      end Get_N_Length;
8305
8306      -------------------
8307      -- Length_E_Cond --
8308      -------------------
8309
8310      function Length_E_Cond
8311        (Exptyp : Entity_Id;
8312         Typ    : Entity_Id;
8313         Indx   : Nat) return Node_Id
8314      is
8315      begin
8316         return
8317           Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
8318             Left_Opnd  => Get_E_Length (Typ, Indx),
8319             Right_Opnd => Get_E_Length (Exptyp, Indx));
8320      end Length_E_Cond;
8321
8322      -------------------
8323      -- Length_N_Cond --
8324      -------------------
8325
8326      function Length_N_Cond
8327        (Expr : Node_Id;
8328         Typ  : Entity_Id;
8329         Indx : Nat) return Node_Id
8330      is
8331      begin
8332         return
8333           Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
8334             Left_Opnd  => Get_E_Length (Typ, Indx),
8335             Right_Opnd => Get_N_Length (Expr, Indx));
8336      end Length_N_Cond;
8337
8338      -----------------
8339      -- Same_Bounds --
8340      -----------------
8341
8342      function Same_Bounds (L : Node_Id; R : Node_Id) return Boolean is
8343      begin
8344         return
8345           (Nkind (L) = N_Integer_Literal
8346             and then Nkind (R) = N_Integer_Literal
8347             and then Intval (L) = Intval (R))
8348
8349          or else
8350            (Is_Entity_Name (L)
8351              and then Ekind (Entity (L)) = E_Constant
8352              and then ((Is_Entity_Name (R)
8353                         and then Entity (L) = Entity (R))
8354                        or else
8355                       (Nkind (R) = N_Type_Conversion
8356                         and then Is_Entity_Name (Expression (R))
8357                         and then Entity (L) = Entity (Expression (R)))))
8358
8359          or else
8360            (Is_Entity_Name (R)
8361              and then Ekind (Entity (R)) = E_Constant
8362              and then Nkind (L) = N_Type_Conversion
8363              and then Is_Entity_Name (Expression (L))
8364              and then Entity (R) = Entity (Expression (L)))
8365
8366         or else
8367            (Is_Entity_Name (L)
8368              and then Is_Entity_Name (R)
8369              and then Entity (L) = Entity (R)
8370              and then Ekind (Entity (L)) = E_In_Parameter
8371              and then Inside_Init_Proc);
8372      end Same_Bounds;
8373
8374   --  Start of processing for Selected_Length_Checks
8375
8376   begin
8377      if not Expander_Active then
8378         return Ret_Result;
8379      end if;
8380
8381      if Target_Typ = Any_Type
8382        or else Target_Typ = Any_Composite
8383        or else Raises_Constraint_Error (Ck_Node)
8384      then
8385         return Ret_Result;
8386      end if;
8387
8388      if No (Wnode) then
8389         Wnode := Ck_Node;
8390      end if;
8391
8392      T_Typ := Target_Typ;
8393
8394      if No (Source_Typ) then
8395         S_Typ := Etype (Ck_Node);
8396      else
8397         S_Typ := Source_Typ;
8398      end if;
8399
8400      if S_Typ = Any_Type or else S_Typ = Any_Composite then
8401         return Ret_Result;
8402      end if;
8403
8404      if Is_Access_Type (T_Typ) and then Is_Access_Type (S_Typ) then
8405         S_Typ := Designated_Type (S_Typ);
8406         T_Typ := Designated_Type (T_Typ);
8407         Do_Access := True;
8408
8409         --  A simple optimization for the null case
8410
8411         if Known_Null (Ck_Node) then
8412            return Ret_Result;
8413         end if;
8414      end if;
8415
8416      if Is_Array_Type (T_Typ) and then Is_Array_Type (S_Typ) then
8417         if Is_Constrained (T_Typ) then
8418
8419            --  The checking code to be generated will freeze the corresponding
8420            --  array type. However, we must freeze the type now, so that the
8421            --  freeze node does not appear within the generated if expression,
8422            --  but ahead of it.
8423
8424            Freeze_Before (Ck_Node, T_Typ);
8425
8426            Expr_Actual := Get_Referenced_Object (Ck_Node);
8427            Exptyp      := Get_Actual_Subtype (Ck_Node);
8428
8429            if Is_Access_Type (Exptyp) then
8430               Exptyp := Designated_Type (Exptyp);
8431            end if;
8432
8433            --  String_Literal case. This needs to be handled specially be-
8434            --  cause no index types are available for string literals. The
8435            --  condition is simply:
8436
8437            --    T_Typ'Length = string-literal-length
8438
8439            if Nkind (Expr_Actual) = N_String_Literal
8440              and then Ekind (Etype (Expr_Actual)) = E_String_Literal_Subtype
8441            then
8442               Cond :=
8443                 Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
8444                   Left_Opnd  => Get_E_Length (T_Typ, 1),
8445                   Right_Opnd =>
8446                     Make_Integer_Literal (Loc,
8447                       Intval =>
8448                         String_Literal_Length (Etype (Expr_Actual))));
8449
8450            --  General array case. Here we have a usable actual subtype for
8451            --  the expression, and the condition is built from the two types
8452            --  (Do_Length):
8453
8454            --     T_Typ'Length     /= Exptyp'Length     or else
8455            --     T_Typ'Length (2) /= Exptyp'Length (2) or else
8456            --     T_Typ'Length (3) /= Exptyp'Length (3) or else
8457            --     ...
8458
8459            elsif Is_Constrained (Exptyp) then
8460               declare
8461                  Ndims : constant Nat := Number_Dimensions (T_Typ);
8462
8463                  L_Index  : Node_Id;
8464                  R_Index  : Node_Id;
8465                  L_Low    : Node_Id;
8466                  L_High   : Node_Id;
8467                  R_Low    : Node_Id;
8468                  R_High   : Node_Id;
8469                  L_Length : Uint;
8470                  R_Length : Uint;
8471                  Ref_Node : Node_Id;
8472
8473               begin
8474                  --  At the library level, we need to ensure that the type of
8475                  --  the object is elaborated before the check itself is
8476                  --  emitted. This is only done if the object is in the
8477                  --  current compilation unit, otherwise the type is frozen
8478                  --  and elaborated in its unit.
8479
8480                  if Is_Itype (Exptyp)
8481                    and then
8482                      Ekind (Cunit_Entity (Current_Sem_Unit)) = E_Package
8483                    and then
8484                      not In_Package_Body (Cunit_Entity (Current_Sem_Unit))
8485                    and then In_Open_Scopes (Scope (Exptyp))
8486                  then
8487                     Ref_Node := Make_Itype_Reference (Sloc (Ck_Node));
8488                     Set_Itype (Ref_Node, Exptyp);
8489                     Insert_Action (Ck_Node, Ref_Node);
8490                  end if;
8491
8492                  L_Index := First_Index (T_Typ);
8493                  R_Index := First_Index (Exptyp);
8494
8495                  for Indx in 1 .. Ndims loop
8496                     if not (Nkind (L_Index) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error
8497                               or else
8498                             Nkind (R_Index) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error)
8499                     then
8500                        Get_Index_Bounds (L_Index, L_Low, L_High);
8501                        Get_Index_Bounds (R_Index, R_Low, R_High);
8502
8503                        --  Deal with compile time length check. Note that we
8504                        --  skip this in the access case, because the access
8505                        --  value may be null, so we cannot know statically.
8506
8507                        if not Do_Access
8508                          and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (L_Low)
8509                          and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (L_High)
8510                          and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (R_Low)
8511                          and then Compile_Time_Known_Value (R_High)
8512                        then
8513                           if Expr_Value (L_High) >= Expr_Value (L_Low) then
8514                              L_Length := Expr_Value (L_High) -
8515                                          Expr_Value (L_Low) + 1;
8516                           else
8517                              L_Length := UI_From_Int (0);
8518                           end if;
8519
8520                           if Expr_Value (R_High) >= Expr_Value (R_Low) then
8521                              R_Length := Expr_Value (R_High) -
8522                                          Expr_Value (R_Low) + 1;
8523                           else
8524                              R_Length := UI_From_Int (0);
8525                           end if;
8526
8527                           if L_Length > R_Length then
8528                              Add_Check
8529                                (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
8530                                  (Wnode, "too few elements for}??", T_Typ));
8531
8532                           elsif  L_Length < R_Length then
8533                              Add_Check
8534                                (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
8535                                  (Wnode, "too many elements for}??", T_Typ));
8536                           end if;
8537
8538                        --  The comparison for an individual index subtype
8539                        --  is omitted if the corresponding index subtypes
8540                        --  statically match, since the result is known to
8541                        --  be true. Note that this test is worth while even
8542                        --  though we do static evaluation, because non-static
8543                        --  subtypes can statically match.
8544
8545                        elsif not
8546                          Subtypes_Statically_Match
8547                            (Etype (L_Index), Etype (R_Index))
8548
8549                          and then not
8550                            (Same_Bounds (L_Low, R_Low)
8551                              and then Same_Bounds (L_High, R_High))
8552                        then
8553                           Evolve_Or_Else
8554                             (Cond, Length_E_Cond (Exptyp, T_Typ, Indx));
8555                        end if;
8556
8557                        Next (L_Index);
8558                        Next (R_Index);
8559                     end if;
8560                  end loop;
8561               end;
8562
8563            --  Handle cases where we do not get a usable actual subtype that
8564            --  is constrained. This happens for example in the function call
8565            --  and explicit dereference cases. In these cases, we have to get
8566            --  the length or range from the expression itself, making sure we
8567            --  do not evaluate it more than once.
8568
8569            --  Here Ck_Node is the original expression, or more properly the
8570            --  result of applying Duplicate_Expr to the original tree, forcing
8571            --  the result to be a name.
8572
8573            else
8574               declare
8575                  Ndims : constant Nat := Number_Dimensions (T_Typ);
8576
8577               begin
8578                  --  Build the condition for the explicit dereference case
8579
8580                  for Indx in 1 .. Ndims loop
8581                     Evolve_Or_Else
8582                       (Cond, Length_N_Cond (Ck_Node, T_Typ, Indx));
8583                  end loop;
8584               end;
8585            end if;
8586         end if;
8587      end if;
8588
8589      --  Construct the test and insert into the tree
8590
8591      if Present (Cond) then
8592         if Do_Access then
8593            Cond := Guard_Access (Cond, Loc, Ck_Node);
8594         end if;
8595
8596         Add_Check
8597           (Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
8598              Condition => Cond,
8599              Reason => CE_Length_Check_Failed));
8600      end if;
8601
8602      return Ret_Result;
8603   end Selected_Length_Checks;
8604
8605   ---------------------------
8606   -- Selected_Range_Checks --
8607   ---------------------------
8608
8609   function Selected_Range_Checks
8610     (Ck_Node    : Node_Id;
8611      Target_Typ : Entity_Id;
8612      Source_Typ : Entity_Id;
8613      Warn_Node  : Node_Id) return Check_Result
8614   is
8615      Loc         : constant Source_Ptr := Sloc (Ck_Node);
8616      S_Typ       : Entity_Id;
8617      T_Typ       : Entity_Id;
8618      Expr_Actual : Node_Id;
8619      Exptyp      : Entity_Id;
8620      Cond        : Node_Id := Empty;
8621      Do_Access   : Boolean := False;
8622      Wnode       : Node_Id  := Warn_Node;
8623      Ret_Result  : Check_Result := (Empty, Empty);
8624      Num_Checks  : Integer := 0;
8625
8626      procedure Add_Check (N : Node_Id);
8627      --  Adds the action given to Ret_Result if N is non-Empty
8628
8629      function Discrete_Range_Cond
8630        (Expr : Node_Id;
8631         Typ  : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
8632      --  Returns expression to compute:
8633      --    Low_Bound (Expr) < Typ'First
8634      --      or else
8635      --    High_Bound (Expr) > Typ'Last
8636
8637      function Discrete_Expr_Cond
8638        (Expr : Node_Id;
8639         Typ  : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
8640      --  Returns expression to compute:
8641      --    Expr < Typ'First
8642      --      or else
8643      --    Expr > Typ'Last
8644
8645      function Get_E_First_Or_Last
8646        (Loc  : Source_Ptr;
8647         E    : Entity_Id;
8648         Indx : Nat;
8649         Nam  : Name_Id) return Node_Id;
8650      --  Returns an attribute reference
8651      --    E'First or E'Last
8652      --  with a source location of Loc.
8653      --
8654      --  Nam is Name_First or Name_Last, according to which attribute is
8655      --  desired. If Indx is non-zero, it is passed as a literal in the
8656      --  Expressions of the attribute reference (identifying the desired
8657      --  array dimension).
8658
8659      function Get_N_First (N : Node_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id;
8660      function Get_N_Last  (N : Node_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id;
8661      --  Returns expression to compute:
8662      --    N'First or N'Last using Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks
8663
8664      function Range_E_Cond
8665        (Exptyp : Entity_Id;
8666         Typ    : Entity_Id;
8667         Indx   : Nat)
8668         return   Node_Id;
8669      --  Returns expression to compute:
8670      --    Exptyp'First < Typ'First or else Exptyp'Last > Typ'Last
8671
8672      function Range_Equal_E_Cond
8673        (Exptyp : Entity_Id;
8674         Typ    : Entity_Id;
8675         Indx   : Nat) return Node_Id;
8676      --  Returns expression to compute:
8677      --    Exptyp'First /= Typ'First or else Exptyp'Last /= Typ'Last
8678
8679      function Range_N_Cond
8680        (Expr : Node_Id;
8681         Typ  : Entity_Id;
8682         Indx : Nat) return Node_Id;
8683      --  Return expression to compute:
8684      --    Expr'First < Typ'First or else Expr'Last > Typ'Last
8685
8686      ---------------
8687      -- Add_Check --
8688      ---------------
8689
8690      procedure Add_Check (N : Node_Id) is
8691      begin
8692         if Present (N) then
8693
8694            --  For now, ignore attempt to place more than 2 checks ???
8695
8696            if Num_Checks = 2 then
8697               return;
8698            end if;
8699
8700            pragma Assert (Num_Checks <= 1);
8701            Num_Checks := Num_Checks + 1;
8702            Ret_Result (Num_Checks) := N;
8703         end if;
8704      end Add_Check;
8705
8706      -------------------------
8707      -- Discrete_Expr_Cond --
8708      -------------------------
8709
8710      function Discrete_Expr_Cond
8711        (Expr : Node_Id;
8712         Typ  : Entity_Id) return Node_Id
8713      is
8714      begin
8715         return
8716           Make_Or_Else (Loc,
8717             Left_Opnd =>
8718               Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
8719                 Left_Opnd =>
8720                   Convert_To (Base_Type (Typ),
8721                     Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Expr)),
8722                 Right_Opnd =>
8723                   Convert_To (Base_Type (Typ),
8724                               Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, 0, Name_First))),
8725
8726             Right_Opnd =>
8727               Make_Op_Gt (Loc,
8728                 Left_Opnd =>
8729                   Convert_To (Base_Type (Typ),
8730                     Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (Expr)),
8731                 Right_Opnd =>
8732                   Convert_To
8733                     (Base_Type (Typ),
8734                      Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, 0, Name_Last))));
8735      end Discrete_Expr_Cond;
8736
8737      -------------------------
8738      -- Discrete_Range_Cond --
8739      -------------------------
8740
8741      function Discrete_Range_Cond
8742        (Expr : Node_Id;
8743         Typ  : Entity_Id) return Node_Id
8744      is
8745         LB : Node_Id := Low_Bound (Expr);
8746         HB : Node_Id := High_Bound (Expr);
8747
8748         Left_Opnd  : Node_Id;
8749         Right_Opnd : Node_Id;
8750
8751      begin
8752         if Nkind (LB) = N_Identifier
8753           and then Ekind (Entity (LB)) = E_Discriminant
8754         then
8755            LB := New_Occurrence_Of (Discriminal (Entity (LB)), Loc);
8756         end if;
8757
8758         Left_Opnd :=
8759           Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
8760             Left_Opnd  =>
8761               Convert_To
8762                 (Base_Type (Typ), Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (LB)),
8763
8764             Right_Opnd =>
8765               Convert_To
8766                 (Base_Type (Typ),
8767                  Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, 0, Name_First)));
8768
8769         if Nkind (HB) = N_Identifier
8770           and then Ekind (Entity (HB)) = E_Discriminant
8771         then
8772            HB := New_Occurrence_Of (Discriminal (Entity (HB)), Loc);
8773         end if;
8774
8775         Right_Opnd :=
8776           Make_Op_Gt (Loc,
8777             Left_Opnd  =>
8778               Convert_To
8779                 (Base_Type (Typ), Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (HB)),
8780
8781             Right_Opnd =>
8782               Convert_To
8783                 (Base_Type (Typ),
8784                  Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, 0, Name_Last)));
8785
8786         return Make_Or_Else (Loc, Left_Opnd, Right_Opnd);
8787      end Discrete_Range_Cond;
8788
8789      -------------------------
8790      -- Get_E_First_Or_Last --
8791      -------------------------
8792
8793      function Get_E_First_Or_Last
8794        (Loc  : Source_Ptr;
8795         E    : Entity_Id;
8796         Indx : Nat;
8797         Nam  : Name_Id) return Node_Id
8798      is
8799         Exprs : List_Id;
8800      begin
8801         if Indx > 0 then
8802            Exprs := New_List (Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, UI_From_Int (Indx)));
8803         else
8804            Exprs := No_List;
8805         end if;
8806
8807         return Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
8808                  Prefix         => New_Occurrence_Of (E, Loc),
8809                  Attribute_Name => Nam,
8810                  Expressions    => Exprs);
8811      end Get_E_First_Or_Last;
8812
8813      -----------------
8814      -- Get_N_First --
8815      -----------------
8816
8817      function Get_N_First (N : Node_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id is
8818      begin
8819         return
8820           Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
8821             Attribute_Name => Name_First,
8822             Prefix =>
8823               Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (N, Name_Req => True),
8824             Expressions => New_List (
8825               Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Indx)));
8826      end Get_N_First;
8827
8828      ----------------
8829      -- Get_N_Last --
8830      ----------------
8831
8832      function Get_N_Last (N : Node_Id; Indx : Nat) return Node_Id is
8833      begin
8834         return
8835           Make_Attribute_Reference (Loc,
8836             Attribute_Name => Name_Last,
8837             Prefix =>
8838               Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (N, Name_Req => True),
8839             Expressions => New_List (
8840              Make_Integer_Literal (Loc, Indx)));
8841      end Get_N_Last;
8842
8843      ------------------
8844      -- Range_E_Cond --
8845      ------------------
8846
8847      function Range_E_Cond
8848        (Exptyp : Entity_Id;
8849         Typ    : Entity_Id;
8850         Indx   : Nat) return Node_Id
8851      is
8852      begin
8853         return
8854           Make_Or_Else (Loc,
8855             Left_Opnd =>
8856               Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
8857                 Left_Opnd   =>
8858                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Exptyp, Indx, Name_First),
8859                 Right_Opnd  =>
8860                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, Indx, Name_First)),
8861
8862             Right_Opnd =>
8863               Make_Op_Gt (Loc,
8864                 Left_Opnd   =>
8865                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Exptyp, Indx, Name_Last),
8866                 Right_Opnd  =>
8867                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, Indx, Name_Last)));
8868      end Range_E_Cond;
8869
8870      ------------------------
8871      -- Range_Equal_E_Cond --
8872      ------------------------
8873
8874      function Range_Equal_E_Cond
8875        (Exptyp : Entity_Id;
8876         Typ    : Entity_Id;
8877         Indx   : Nat) return Node_Id
8878      is
8879      begin
8880         return
8881           Make_Or_Else (Loc,
8882             Left_Opnd =>
8883               Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
8884                 Left_Opnd   =>
8885                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Exptyp, Indx, Name_First),
8886                 Right_Opnd  =>
8887                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, Indx, Name_First)),
8888
8889             Right_Opnd =>
8890               Make_Op_Ne (Loc,
8891                 Left_Opnd   =>
8892                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Exptyp, Indx, Name_Last),
8893                 Right_Opnd  =>
8894                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, Indx, Name_Last)));
8895      end Range_Equal_E_Cond;
8896
8897      ------------------
8898      -- Range_N_Cond --
8899      ------------------
8900
8901      function Range_N_Cond
8902        (Expr : Node_Id;
8903         Typ  : Entity_Id;
8904         Indx : Nat) return Node_Id
8905      is
8906      begin
8907         return
8908           Make_Or_Else (Loc,
8909             Left_Opnd =>
8910               Make_Op_Lt (Loc,
8911                 Left_Opnd  =>
8912                   Get_N_First (Expr, Indx),
8913                 Right_Opnd =>
8914                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, Indx, Name_First)),
8915
8916             Right_Opnd =>
8917               Make_Op_Gt (Loc,
8918                 Left_Opnd  =>
8919                   Get_N_Last (Expr, Indx),
8920                 Right_Opnd =>
8921                   Get_E_First_Or_Last (Loc, Typ, Indx, Name_Last)));
8922      end Range_N_Cond;
8923
8924   --  Start of processing for Selected_Range_Checks
8925
8926   begin
8927      if not Expander_Active then
8928         return Ret_Result;
8929      end if;
8930
8931      if Target_Typ = Any_Type
8932        or else Target_Typ = Any_Composite
8933        or else Raises_Constraint_Error (Ck_Node)
8934      then
8935         return Ret_Result;
8936      end if;
8937
8938      if No (Wnode) then
8939         Wnode := Ck_Node;
8940      end if;
8941
8942      T_Typ := Target_Typ;
8943
8944      if No (Source_Typ) then
8945         S_Typ := Etype (Ck_Node);
8946      else
8947         S_Typ := Source_Typ;
8948      end if;
8949
8950      if S_Typ = Any_Type or else S_Typ = Any_Composite then
8951         return Ret_Result;
8952      end if;
8953
8954      --  The order of evaluating T_Typ before S_Typ seems to be critical
8955      --  because S_Typ can be derived from Etype (Ck_Node), if it's not passed
8956      --  in, and since Node can be an N_Range node, it might be invalid.
8957      --  Should there be an assert check somewhere for taking the Etype of
8958      --  an N_Range node ???
8959
8960      if Is_Access_Type (T_Typ) and then Is_Access_Type (S_Typ) then
8961         S_Typ := Designated_Type (S_Typ);
8962         T_Typ := Designated_Type (T_Typ);
8963         Do_Access := True;
8964
8965         --  A simple optimization for the null case
8966
8967         if Known_Null (Ck_Node) then
8968            return Ret_Result;
8969         end if;
8970      end if;
8971
8972      --  For an N_Range Node, check for a null range and then if not
8973      --  null generate a range check action.
8974
8975      if Nkind (Ck_Node) = N_Range then
8976
8977         --  There's no point in checking a range against itself
8978
8979         if Ck_Node = Scalar_Range (T_Typ) then
8980            return Ret_Result;
8981         end if;
8982
8983         declare
8984            T_LB       : constant Node_Id := Type_Low_Bound  (T_Typ);
8985            T_HB       : constant Node_Id := Type_High_Bound (T_Typ);
8986            Known_T_LB : constant Boolean := Compile_Time_Known_Value (T_LB);
8987            Known_T_HB : constant Boolean := Compile_Time_Known_Value (T_HB);
8988
8989            LB         : Node_Id := Low_Bound (Ck_Node);
8990            HB         : Node_Id := High_Bound (Ck_Node);
8991            Known_LB   : Boolean;
8992            Known_HB   : Boolean;
8993
8994            Null_Range     : Boolean;
8995            Out_Of_Range_L : Boolean;
8996            Out_Of_Range_H : Boolean;
8997
8998         begin
8999            --  Compute what is known at compile time
9000
9001            if Known_T_LB and Known_T_HB then
9002               if Compile_Time_Known_Value (LB) then
9003                  Known_LB := True;
9004
9005               --  There's no point in checking that a bound is within its
9006               --  own range so pretend that it is known in this case. First
9007               --  deal with low bound.
9008
9009               elsif Ekind (Etype (LB)) = E_Signed_Integer_Subtype
9010                 and then Scalar_Range (Etype (LB)) = Scalar_Range (T_Typ)
9011               then
9012                  LB := T_LB;
9013                  Known_LB := True;
9014
9015               else
9016                  Known_LB := False;
9017               end if;
9018
9019               --  Likewise for the high bound
9020
9021               if Compile_Time_Known_Value (HB) then
9022                  Known_HB := True;
9023
9024               elsif Ekind (Etype (HB)) = E_Signed_Integer_Subtype
9025                 and then Scalar_Range (Etype (HB)) = Scalar_Range (T_Typ)
9026               then
9027                  HB := T_HB;
9028                  Known_HB := True;
9029               else
9030                  Known_HB := False;
9031               end if;
9032            end if;
9033
9034            --  Check for case where everything is static and we can do the
9035            --  check at compile time. This is skipped if we have an access
9036            --  type, since the access value may be null.
9037
9038            --  ??? This code can be improved since you only need to know that
9039            --  the two respective bounds (LB & T_LB or HB & T_HB) are known at
9040            --  compile time to emit pertinent messages.
9041
9042            if Known_T_LB and Known_T_HB and Known_LB and Known_HB
9043              and not Do_Access
9044            then
9045               --  Floating-point case
9046
9047               if Is_Floating_Point_Type (S_Typ) then
9048                  Null_Range := Expr_Value_R (HB) < Expr_Value_R (LB);
9049                  Out_Of_Range_L :=
9050                    (Expr_Value_R (LB) < Expr_Value_R (T_LB))
9051                      or else
9052                    (Expr_Value_R (LB) > Expr_Value_R (T_HB));
9053
9054                  Out_Of_Range_H :=
9055                    (Expr_Value_R (HB) > Expr_Value_R (T_HB))
9056                      or else
9057                    (Expr_Value_R (HB) < Expr_Value_R (T_LB));
9058
9059               --  Fixed or discrete type case
9060
9061               else
9062                  Null_Range := Expr_Value (HB) < Expr_Value (LB);
9063                  Out_Of_Range_L :=
9064                    (Expr_Value (LB) < Expr_Value (T_LB))
9065                      or else
9066                    (Expr_Value (LB) > Expr_Value (T_HB));
9067
9068                  Out_Of_Range_H :=
9069                    (Expr_Value (HB) > Expr_Value (T_HB))
9070                      or else
9071                    (Expr_Value (HB) < Expr_Value (T_LB));
9072               end if;
9073
9074               if not Null_Range then
9075                  if Out_Of_Range_L then
9076                     if No (Warn_Node) then
9077                        Add_Check
9078                          (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
9079                             (Low_Bound (Ck_Node),
9080                              "static value out of range of}??", T_Typ));
9081
9082                     else
9083                        Add_Check
9084                          (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
9085                            (Wnode,
9086                             "static range out of bounds of}??", T_Typ));
9087                     end if;
9088                  end if;
9089
9090                  if Out_Of_Range_H then
9091                     if No (Warn_Node) then
9092                        Add_Check
9093                          (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
9094                             (High_Bound (Ck_Node),
9095                              "static value out of range of}??", T_Typ));
9096
9097                     else
9098                        Add_Check
9099                          (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
9100                             (Wnode,
9101                              "static range out of bounds of}??", T_Typ));
9102                     end if;
9103                  end if;
9104               end if;
9105
9106            else
9107               declare
9108                  LB : Node_Id := Low_Bound (Ck_Node);
9109                  HB : Node_Id := High_Bound (Ck_Node);
9110
9111               begin
9112                  --  If either bound is a discriminant and we are within the
9113                  --  record declaration, it is a use of the discriminant in a
9114                  --  constraint of a component, and nothing can be checked
9115                  --  here. The check will be emitted within the init proc.
9116                  --  Before then, the discriminal has no real meaning.
9117                  --  Similarly, if the entity is a discriminal, there is no
9118                  --  check to perform yet.
9119
9120                  --  The same holds within a discriminated synchronized type,
9121                  --  where the discriminant may constrain a component or an
9122                  --  entry family.
9123
9124                  if Nkind (LB) = N_Identifier
9125                    and then Denotes_Discriminant (LB, True)
9126                  then
9127                     if Current_Scope = Scope (Entity (LB))
9128                       or else Is_Concurrent_Type (Current_Scope)
9129                       or else Ekind (Entity (LB)) /= E_Discriminant
9130                     then
9131                        return Ret_Result;
9132                     else
9133                        LB :=
9134                          New_Occurrence_Of (Discriminal (Entity (LB)), Loc);
9135                     end if;
9136                  end if;
9137
9138                  if Nkind (HB) = N_Identifier
9139                    and then Denotes_Discriminant (HB, True)
9140                  then
9141                     if Current_Scope = Scope (Entity (HB))
9142                       or else Is_Concurrent_Type (Current_Scope)
9143                       or else Ekind (Entity (HB)) /= E_Discriminant
9144                     then
9145                        return Ret_Result;
9146                     else
9147                        HB :=
9148                          New_Occurrence_Of (Discriminal (Entity (HB)), Loc);
9149                     end if;
9150                  end if;
9151
9152                  Cond := Discrete_Range_Cond (Ck_Node, T_Typ);
9153                  Set_Paren_Count (Cond, 1);
9154
9155                  Cond :=
9156                    Make_And_Then (Loc,
9157                      Left_Opnd =>
9158                        Make_Op_Ge (Loc,
9159                          Left_Opnd  =>
9160                            Convert_To (Base_Type (Etype (HB)),
9161                              Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (HB)),
9162                          Right_Opnd =>
9163                            Convert_To (Base_Type (Etype (LB)),
9164                              Duplicate_Subexpr_No_Checks (LB))),
9165                      Right_Opnd => Cond);
9166               end;
9167            end if;
9168         end;
9169
9170      elsif Is_Scalar_Type (S_Typ) then
9171
9172         --  This somewhat duplicates what Apply_Scalar_Range_Check does,
9173         --  except the above simply sets a flag in the node and lets
9174         --  gigi generate the check base on the Etype of the expression.
9175         --  Sometimes, however we want to do a dynamic check against an
9176         --  arbitrary target type, so we do that here.
9177
9178         if Ekind (Base_Type (S_Typ)) /= Ekind (Base_Type (T_Typ)) then
9179            Cond := Discrete_Expr_Cond (Ck_Node, T_Typ);
9180
9181         --  For literals, we can tell if the constraint error will be
9182         --  raised at compile time, so we never need a dynamic check, but
9183         --  if the exception will be raised, then post the usual warning,
9184         --  and replace the literal with a raise constraint error
9185         --  expression. As usual, skip this for access types
9186
9187         elsif Compile_Time_Known_Value (Ck_Node) and then not Do_Access then
9188            declare
9189               LB : constant Node_Id := Type_Low_Bound (T_Typ);
9190               UB : constant Node_Id := Type_High_Bound (T_Typ);
9191
9192               Out_Of_Range  : Boolean;
9193               Static_Bounds : constant Boolean :=
9194                 Compile_Time_Known_Value (LB)
9195                 and Compile_Time_Known_Value (UB);
9196
9197            begin
9198               --  Following range tests should use Sem_Eval routine ???
9199
9200               if Static_Bounds then
9201                  if Is_Floating_Point_Type (S_Typ) then
9202                     Out_Of_Range :=
9203                       (Expr_Value_R (Ck_Node) < Expr_Value_R (LB))
9204                         or else
9205                       (Expr_Value_R (Ck_Node) > Expr_Value_R (UB));
9206
9207                  --  Fixed or discrete type
9208
9209                  else
9210                     Out_Of_Range :=
9211                       Expr_Value (Ck_Node) < Expr_Value (LB)
9212                         or else
9213                       Expr_Value (Ck_Node) > Expr_Value (UB);
9214                  end if;
9215
9216                  --  Bounds of the type are static and the literal is out of
9217                  --  range so output a warning message.
9218
9219                  if Out_Of_Range then
9220                     if No (Warn_Node) then
9221                        Add_Check
9222                          (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
9223                             (Ck_Node,
9224                              "static value out of range of}??", T_Typ));
9225
9226                     else
9227                        Add_Check
9228                          (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
9229                             (Wnode,
9230                              "static value out of range of}??", T_Typ));
9231                     end if;
9232                  end if;
9233
9234               else
9235                  Cond := Discrete_Expr_Cond (Ck_Node, T_Typ);
9236               end if;
9237            end;
9238
9239         --  Here for the case of a non-static expression, we need a runtime
9240         --  check unless the source type range is guaranteed to be in the
9241         --  range of the target type.
9242
9243         else
9244            if not In_Subrange_Of (S_Typ, T_Typ) then
9245               Cond := Discrete_Expr_Cond (Ck_Node, T_Typ);
9246            end if;
9247         end if;
9248      end if;
9249
9250      if Is_Array_Type (T_Typ) and then Is_Array_Type (S_Typ) then
9251         if Is_Constrained (T_Typ) then
9252
9253            Expr_Actual := Get_Referenced_Object (Ck_Node);
9254            Exptyp      := Get_Actual_Subtype (Expr_Actual);
9255
9256            if Is_Access_Type (Exptyp) then
9257               Exptyp := Designated_Type (Exptyp);
9258            end if;
9259
9260            --  String_Literal case. This needs to be handled specially be-
9261            --  cause no index types are available for string literals. The
9262            --  condition is simply:
9263
9264            --    T_Typ'Length = string-literal-length
9265
9266            if Nkind (Expr_Actual) = N_String_Literal then
9267               null;
9268
9269            --  General array case. Here we have a usable actual subtype for
9270            --  the expression, and the condition is built from the two types
9271
9272            --     T_Typ'First     < Exptyp'First     or else
9273            --     T_Typ'Last      > Exptyp'Last      or else
9274            --     T_Typ'First(1)  < Exptyp'First(1)  or else
9275            --     T_Typ'Last(1)   > Exptyp'Last(1)   or else
9276            --     ...
9277
9278            elsif Is_Constrained (Exptyp) then
9279               declare
9280                  Ndims : constant Nat := Number_Dimensions (T_Typ);
9281
9282                  L_Index : Node_Id;
9283                  R_Index : Node_Id;
9284
9285               begin
9286                  L_Index := First_Index (T_Typ);
9287                  R_Index := First_Index (Exptyp);
9288
9289                  for Indx in 1 .. Ndims loop
9290                     if not (Nkind (L_Index) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error
9291                               or else
9292                             Nkind (R_Index) = N_Raise_Constraint_Error)
9293                     then
9294                        --  Deal with compile time length check. Note that we
9295                        --  skip this in the access case, because the access
9296                        --  value may be null, so we cannot know statically.
9297
9298                        if not
9299                          Subtypes_Statically_Match
9300                            (Etype (L_Index), Etype (R_Index))
9301                        then
9302                           --  If the target type is constrained then we
9303                           --  have to check for exact equality of bounds
9304                           --  (required for qualified expressions).
9305
9306                           if Is_Constrained (T_Typ) then
9307                              Evolve_Or_Else
9308                                (Cond,
9309                                 Range_Equal_E_Cond (Exptyp, T_Typ, Indx));
9310                           else
9311                              Evolve_Or_Else
9312                                (Cond, Range_E_Cond (Exptyp, T_Typ, Indx));
9313                           end if;
9314                        end if;
9315
9316                        Next (L_Index);
9317                        Next (R_Index);
9318                     end if;
9319                  end loop;
9320               end;
9321
9322            --  Handle cases where we do not get a usable actual subtype that
9323            --  is constrained. This happens for example in the function call
9324            --  and explicit dereference cases. In these cases, we have to get
9325            --  the length or range from the expression itself, making sure we
9326            --  do not evaluate it more than once.
9327
9328            --  Here Ck_Node is the original expression, or more properly the
9329            --  result of applying Duplicate_Expr to the original tree,
9330            --  forcing the result to be a name.
9331
9332            else
9333               declare
9334                  Ndims : constant Nat := Number_Dimensions (T_Typ);
9335
9336               begin
9337                  --  Build the condition for the explicit dereference case
9338
9339                  for Indx in 1 .. Ndims loop
9340                     Evolve_Or_Else
9341                       (Cond, Range_N_Cond (Ck_Node, T_Typ, Indx));
9342                  end loop;
9343               end;
9344            end if;
9345
9346         else
9347            --  For a conversion to an unconstrained array type, generate an
9348            --  Action to check that the bounds of the source value are within
9349            --  the constraints imposed by the target type (RM 4.6(38)). No
9350            --  check is needed for a conversion to an access to unconstrained
9351            --  array type, as 4.6(24.15/2) requires the designated subtypes
9352            --  of the two access types to statically match.
9353
9354            if Nkind (Parent (Ck_Node)) = N_Type_Conversion
9355              and then not Do_Access
9356            then
9357               declare
9358                  Opnd_Index : Node_Id;
9359                  Targ_Index : Node_Id;
9360                  Opnd_Range : Node_Id;
9361
9362               begin
9363                  Opnd_Index := First_Index (Get_Actual_Subtype (Ck_Node));
9364                  Targ_Index := First_Index (T_Typ);
9365                  while Present (Opnd_Index) loop
9366
9367                     --  If the index is a range, use its bounds. If it is an
9368                     --  entity (as will be the case if it is a named subtype
9369                     --  or an itype created for a slice) retrieve its range.
9370
9371                     if Is_Entity_Name (Opnd_Index)
9372                       and then Is_Type (Entity (Opnd_Index))
9373                     then
9374                        Opnd_Range := Scalar_Range (Entity (Opnd_Index));
9375                     else
9376                        Opnd_Range := Opnd_Index;
9377                     end if;
9378
9379                     if Nkind (Opnd_Range) = N_Range then
9380                        if  Is_In_Range
9381                             (Low_Bound (Opnd_Range), Etype (Targ_Index),
9382                              Assume_Valid => True)
9383                          and then
9384                            Is_In_Range
9385                             (High_Bound (Opnd_Range), Etype (Targ_Index),
9386                              Assume_Valid => True)
9387                        then
9388                           null;
9389
9390                        --  If null range, no check needed
9391
9392                        elsif
9393                          Compile_Time_Known_Value (High_Bound (Opnd_Range))
9394                            and then
9395                          Compile_Time_Known_Value (Low_Bound (Opnd_Range))
9396                            and then
9397                              Expr_Value (High_Bound (Opnd_Range)) <
9398                                  Expr_Value (Low_Bound (Opnd_Range))
9399                        then
9400                           null;
9401
9402                        elsif Is_Out_Of_Range
9403                                (Low_Bound (Opnd_Range), Etype (Targ_Index),
9404                                 Assume_Valid => True)
9405                          or else
9406                              Is_Out_Of_Range
9407                                (High_Bound (Opnd_Range), Etype (Targ_Index),
9408                                 Assume_Valid => True)
9409                        then
9410                           Add_Check
9411                             (Compile_Time_Constraint_Error
9412                               (Wnode, "value out of range of}??", T_Typ));
9413
9414                        else
9415                           Evolve_Or_Else
9416                             (Cond,
9417                              Discrete_Range_Cond
9418                                (Opnd_Range, Etype (Targ_Index)));
9419                        end if;
9420                     end if;
9421
9422                     Next_Index (Opnd_Index);
9423                     Next_Index (Targ_Index);
9424                  end loop;
9425               end;
9426            end if;
9427         end if;
9428      end if;
9429
9430      --  Construct the test and insert into the tree
9431
9432      if Present (Cond) then
9433         if Do_Access then
9434            Cond := Guard_Access (Cond, Loc, Ck_Node);
9435         end if;
9436
9437         Add_Check
9438           (Make_Raise_Constraint_Error (Loc,
9439             Condition => Cond,
9440             Reason    => CE_Range_Check_Failed));
9441      end if;
9442
9443      return Ret_Result;
9444   end Selected_Range_Checks;
9445
9446   -------------------------------
9447   -- Storage_Checks_Suppressed --
9448   -------------------------------
9449
9450   function Storage_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
9451   begin
9452      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
9453         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Storage_Check);
9454      else
9455         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Storage_Check);
9456      end if;
9457   end Storage_Checks_Suppressed;
9458
9459   ---------------------------
9460   -- Tag_Checks_Suppressed --
9461   ---------------------------
9462
9463   function Tag_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
9464   begin
9465      if Present (E)
9466        and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E)
9467      then
9468         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Tag_Check);
9469      else
9470         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Tag_Check);
9471      end if;
9472   end Tag_Checks_Suppressed;
9473
9474   --------------------------
9475   -- Validity_Check_Range --
9476   --------------------------
9477
9478   procedure Validity_Check_Range (N : Node_Id) is
9479   begin
9480      if Validity_Checks_On and Validity_Check_Operands then
9481         if Nkind (N) = N_Range then
9482            Ensure_Valid (Low_Bound (N));
9483            Ensure_Valid (High_Bound (N));
9484         end if;
9485      end if;
9486   end Validity_Check_Range;
9487
9488   --------------------------------
9489   -- Validity_Checks_Suppressed --
9490   --------------------------------
9491
9492   function Validity_Checks_Suppressed (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean is
9493   begin
9494      if Present (E) and then Checks_May_Be_Suppressed (E) then
9495         return Is_Check_Suppressed (E, Validity_Check);
9496      else
9497         return Scope_Suppress.Suppress (Validity_Check);
9498      end if;
9499   end Validity_Checks_Suppressed;
9500
9501end Checks;
9502