1------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2--                                                                          --
3--                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         --
4--                                                                          --
5--                             E X P _ D I S P                              --
6--                                                                          --
7--                                 S p e c                                  --
8--                                                                          --
9--          Copyright (C) 1992-2013, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10--                                                                          --
11-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License --
17-- for  more details.  You should have  received  a copy of the GNU General --
18-- Public License  distributed with GNAT; see file COPYING3.  If not, go to --
19-- http://www.gnu.org/licenses for a complete copy of the license.          --
20--                                                                          --
21-- GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. --
22-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      --
23--                                                                          --
24------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
26--  This package contains routines involved in tagged types and dynamic
27--  dispatching expansion.
28
29with Types; use Types;
30
31package Exp_Disp is
32
33   -------------------------------------
34   -- Predefined primitive operations --
35   -------------------------------------
36
37   --  The predefined primitive operations (PPOs) are subprograms generated
38   --  by GNAT for a particular tagged type. Their role is to provide support
39   --  for different Ada language features such as the attribute 'Size or
40   --  handling of dispatching triggers in select statements. PPOs are created
41   --  when a tagged type is expanded or frozen. These subprograms are later
42   --  collected and inserted into the dispatch table of a tagged type at
43   --  fixed positions. Some of the PPOs that manipulate data in tagged objects
44   --  require the generation of thunks.
45
46   --  List of predefined primitive operations
47
48   --    Leading underscores designate reserved names. Bracketed numerical
49   --    values represent dispatch table slot numbers.
50
51   --      _Size (1) - implementation of the attribute 'Size for any tagged
52   --      type. Constructs of the form Prefix'Size are converted into
53   --      Prefix._Size.
54
55   --      TSS_Stream_Read (2) - implementation of the stream attribute Read
56   --      for any tagged type.
57
58   --      TSS_Stream_Write (3) - implementation of the stream attribute Write
59   --      for any tagged type.
60
61   --      TSS_Stream_Input (4) - implementation of the stream attribute Input
62   --      for any tagged type.
63
64   --      TSS_Stream_Output (5) - implementation of the stream attribute
65   --      Output for any tagged type.
66
67   --      Op_Eq (6) - implementation of the equality operator for any non-
68   --      limited tagged type.
69
70   --      _Assign (7) - implementation of the assignment operator for any
71   --      non-limited tagged type.
72
73   --      TSS_Deep_Adjust (8) - implementation of the finalization operation
74   --      Adjust for any non-limited tagged type.
75
76   --      TSS_Deep_Finalize (9) - implementation of the finalization
77   --      operation Finalize for any non-limited tagged type.
78
79   --      _Disp_Asynchronous_Select (10) - used in the expansion of ATC with
80   --      dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited interfaces,
81   --      full body generation for types that implement limited interfaces,
82   --      not generated for the rest of the cases. See Expand_N_Asynchronous_
83   --      Select in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
84
85   --      _Disp_Conditional_Select (11) - used in the expansion of conditional
86   --      selects with dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited
87   --      interfaces, full body generation for types that implement limited
88   --      interfaces, not generated for the rest of the cases. See Expand_N_
89   --      Conditional_Entry_Call in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
90
91   --      _Disp_Get_Prim_Op_Kind (12) - helper routine used in the expansion
92   --      of ATC with dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited
93   --      interfaces, full body generation for types that implement limited
94   --      interfaces, not generated for the rest of the cases.
95
96   --      _Disp_Get_Task_Id (13) - helper routine used in the expansion of
97   --      Abort, attributes 'Callable and 'Terminated for task interface
98   --      class-wide types. Full body generation for task types, null
99   --      implementation for limited interfaces, not generated for the rest
100   --      of the cases. See Expand_N_Attribute_Reference in Exp_Attr and
101   --      Expand_N_Abort_Statement in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
102
103   --      _Disp_Requeue (14) - used in the expansion of dispatching requeue
104   --      statements. Null implementation is provided for protected, task
105   --      and synchronized interfaces. Protected and task types implementing
106   --      concurrent interfaces receive full bodies. See Expand_N_Requeue_
107   --      Statement in Exp_Ch9 for more information.
108
109   --      _Disp_Timed_Select (15) - used in the expansion of timed selects
110   --      with dispatching triggers. Null implementation for limited
111   --      interfaces, full body generation for types that implement limited
112   --      interfaces, not generated for the rest of the cases. See Expand_N_
113   --      Timed_Entry_Call for more information.
114
115   --  Life cycle of predefined primitive operations
116
117   --      The specifications and bodies of the PPOs are created by
118   --      Make_Predefined_Primitive_Specs and Predefined_Primitive_Bodies
119   --      in Exp_Ch3. The generated specifications are immediately analyzed,
120   --      while the bodies are left as freeze actions to the tagged type for
121   --      which they are created.
122
123   --      PPOs are collected and added to the Primitive_Operations list of
124   --      a type by the regular analysis mechanism.
125
126   --      PPOs are frozen by Exp_Ch3.Predefined_Primitive_Freeze
127
128   --      Thunks for PPOs are created by Make_DT
129
130   --      Dispatch table positions of PPOs are set by Set_All_DT_Position
131
132   --      Calls to PPOs proceed as regular dispatching calls. If the PPO
133   --      has a thunk, a call proceeds as a regular dispatching call with
134   --      a thunk.
135
136   --  Guidelines for addition of new predefined primitive operations
137
138   --      Update the value of constant Max_Predef_Prims in a-tags.ads to
139   --      indicate the new number of PPOs.
140
141   --      Introduce a new predefined name for the new PPO in Snames.ads and
142   --      Snames.adb.
143
144   --      Categorize the new PPO name as predefined by adding an entry in
145   --      Is_Predefined_Dispatching_Operation in Exp_Disp.
146
147   --      Generate the specification of the new PPO in Make_Predefined_
148   --      Primitive_Spec in Exp_Ch3.adb. The Is_Internal flag of the defining
149   --      identifier of the specification must be set to True.
150
151   --      Generate the body of the new PPO in Predefined_Primitive_Bodies in
152   --      Exp_Ch3.adb. The Is_Internal flag of the defining identifier of the
153   --      specification must be set to True.
154
155   --      If the new PPO requires a thunk, add an entry in Freeze_Subprogram
156   --      in Exp_Ch6.adb.
157
158   --      When generating calls to a PPO, use Find_Prim_Op from Exp_Util.ads
159   --      to retrieve the entity of the operation directly.
160
161   --  Number of predefined primitive operations added by the Expander
162   --  for a tagged type. If more predefined primitive operations are
163   --  added, the following items must be changed:
164
165   --    Ada.Tags.Max_Predef_Prims         - indirect use
166   --    Exp_Disp.Default_Prim_Op_Position - indirect use
167   --    Exp_Disp.Set_All_DT_Position      - direct   use
168
169   procedure Apply_Tag_Checks (Call_Node : Node_Id);
170   --  Generate checks required on dispatching calls
171
172   function Building_Static_DT (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
173   pragma Inline (Building_Static_DT);
174   --  Returns true when building statically allocated dispatch tables
175
176   procedure Build_Static_Dispatch_Tables (N : Node_Id);
177   --  N is a library level package declaration or package body. Build the
178   --  static dispatch table of the tagged types defined at library level. In
179   --  case of package declarations with private part the generated nodes are
180   --  added at the end of the list of private declarations. Otherwise they are
181   --  added to the end of the list of public declarations. In case of package
182   --  bodies they are added to the end of the list of declarations of the
183   --  package body.
184
185   function Convert_Tag_To_Interface
186     (Typ : Entity_Id; Expr : Node_Id) return Node_Id;
187   pragma Inline (Convert_Tag_To_Interface);
188   --  This function is used in class-wide interface conversions; the expanded
189   --  code generated to convert a tagged object to a class-wide interface type
190   --  involves referencing the tag component containing the secondary dispatch
191   --  table associated with the interface. Given the expression Expr that
192   --  references a tag component, we cannot generate an unchecked conversion
193   --  to leave the expression decorated with the class-wide interface type Typ
194   --  because an unchecked conversion cannot be seen as a no-op. An unchecked
195   --  conversion is conceptually a function call and therefore the RM allows
196   --  the backend to obtain a copy of the value of the actual object and store
197   --  it in some other place (like a register); in such case the interface
198   --  conversion is not equivalent to a displacement of the pointer to the
199   --  interface and any further displacement fails. Although the functionality
200   --  of this function is simple and could be done directly, the purpose of
201   --  this routine is to leave well documented in the sources these
202   --  occurrences.
203
204   --  If Expr is an N_Selected_Component that references a tag generate:
205   --     type ityp is non null access Typ;
206   --     ityp!(Expr'Address).all
207
208   --  if Expr is an N_Function_Call to Ada.Tags.Displace then generate:
209   --     type ityp is non null access Typ;
210   --     ityp!(Expr).all
211
212   function CPP_Num_Prims (Typ : Entity_Id) return Nat;
213   --  Return the number of primitives of the C++ part of the dispatch table.
214   --  For types that are not derivations of CPP types return 0.
215
216   procedure Expand_Dispatching_Call (Call_Node : Node_Id);
217   --  Expand the call to the operation through the dispatch table and perform
218   --  the required tag checks when appropriate. For CPP types tag checks are
219   --  not relevant.
220
221   procedure Expand_Interface_Actuals (Call_Node : Node_Id);
222   --  Ada 2005 (AI-251): Displace all the actuals corresponding to class-wide
223   --  interfaces to reference the interface tag of the actual object
224
225   procedure Expand_Interface_Conversion (N : Node_Id);
226   --  Ada 2005 (AI-251): N is a type-conversion node. Displace the pointer
227   --  to the object to give access to the interface tag associated with the
228   --  dispatch table of the target type.
229
230   procedure Expand_Interface_Thunk
231     (Prim       : Node_Id;
232      Thunk_Id   : out Entity_Id;
233      Thunk_Code : out Node_Id);
234   --  Ada 2005 (AI-251): When a tagged type implements abstract interfaces we
235   --  generate additional subprograms (thunks) associated with each primitive
236   --  Prim to have a layout compatible with the C++ ABI. The thunk displaces
237   --  the pointers to the actuals that depend on the controlling type before
238   --  transferring control to the target subprogram. If there is no need to
239   --  generate the thunk then Thunk_Id and Thunk_Code are set to Empty.
240   --  Otherwise they are set to the defining identifier and the subprogram
241   --  body of the generated thunk.
242
243   function Has_CPP_Constructors (Typ : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
244   --  Returns true if the type has CPP constructors
245
246   function Is_Expanded_Dispatching_Call (N : Node_Id) return Boolean;
247   --  Returns true if N is the expanded code of a dispatching call
248
249   function Is_Predefined_Dispatching_Operation (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
250   --  Ada 2005 (AI-251): Determines if E is a predefined primitive operation
251
252   function Is_Predefined_Internal_Operation (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
253   --  Similar to the previous one, but excludes stream operations, because
254   --  these may be overridden, and need extra formals, like user-defined
255   --  operations.
256
257   function Is_Predefined_Interface_Primitive (E : Entity_Id) return Boolean;
258   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Returns True if E is one of the predefined primitives
259   --  required to implement interfaces.
260
261   function Make_DT (Typ : Entity_Id; N : Node_Id := Empty) return List_Id;
262   --  Expand the declarations for the Dispatch Table. The node N is the
263   --  declaration that forces the generation of the table. It is used to place
264   --  error messages when the declaration leads to the freezing of a given
265   --  primitive operation that has an incomplete non- tagged formal.
266
267   function Make_Disp_Asynchronous_Select_Body
268     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
269   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
270   --  Typ used for dispatching in asynchronous selects. Generate a null body
271   --  if Typ is an interface type.
272
273   function Make_Disp_Asynchronous_Select_Spec
274     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
275   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
276   --  of type Typ used for dispatching in asynchronous selects.
277
278   function Make_Disp_Conditional_Select_Body
279     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
280   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
281   --  Typ used for dispatching in conditional selects. Generate a null body
282   --  if Typ is an interface type.
283
284   function Make_Disp_Conditional_Select_Spec
285     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
286   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
287   --  of type Typ used for dispatching in conditional selects.
288
289   function Make_Disp_Get_Prim_Op_Kind_Body
290     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
291   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
292   --  Typ used for retrieving the callable entity kind during dispatching in
293   --  asynchronous selects. Generate a null body if Typ is an interface type.
294
295   function Make_Disp_Get_Prim_Op_Kind_Spec
296     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
297   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
298   --  of the type Typ use for retrieving the callable entity kind during
299   --  dispatching in asynchronous selects.
300
301   function Make_Disp_Get_Task_Id_Body
302     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
303   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate body of the primitive operation of type Typ
304   --  used for retrieving the _task_id field of a task interface class- wide
305   --  type. Generate a null body if Typ is an interface or a non-task type.
306
307   function Make_Disp_Get_Task_Id_Spec
308     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
309   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
310   --  of type Typ used for retrieving the _task_id field of a task interface
311   --  class-wide type.
312
313   function Make_Disp_Requeue_Body
314     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
315   --  Ada 2005 (AI05-0030): Generate the body of the primitive operation of
316   --  type Typ used for dispatching on requeue statements. Generate a body
317   --  containing a single null-statement if Typ is an interface type.
318
319   function Make_Disp_Requeue_Spec
320     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
321   --  Ada 2005 (AI05-0030): Generate the specification of the primitive
322   --  operation of type Typ used for dispatching requeue statements.
323
324   function Make_Disp_Timed_Select_Body
325     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
326   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the body of the primitive operation of type
327   --  Typ used for dispatching in timed selects. Generate a body containing
328   --  a single null-statement if Typ is an interface type.
329
330   function Make_Disp_Timed_Select_Spec
331     (Typ : Entity_Id) return Node_Id;
332   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Generate the specification of the primitive operation
333   --  of type Typ used for dispatching in timed selects.
334
335   function Make_Select_Specific_Data_Table
336     (Typ : Entity_Id) return List_Id;
337   --  Ada 2005 (AI-345): Create and populate the auxiliary table in the TSD
338   --  of Typ used for dispatching in asynchronous, conditional and timed
339   --  selects. Generate code to set the primitive operation kinds and entry
340   --  indexes of primitive operations and primitive wrappers.
341
342   function Make_Tags (Typ : Entity_Id) return List_Id;
343   --  Generate the entities associated with the primary and secondary tags of
344   --  Typ and fill the contents of Access_Disp_Table. In case of library level
345   --  tagged types this routine imports the forward declaration of the tag
346   --  entity, that will be declared and exported by Make_DT.
347
348   function Make_VM_TSD (Typ : Entity_Id) return List_Id;
349   --  Build the Type Specific Data record associated with tagged type Typ.
350   --  Invoked only when generating code for VM targets.
351
352   function Register_Primitive
353     (Loc     : Source_Ptr;
354      Prim    : Entity_Id) return List_Id;
355   --  Build code to register Prim in the primary or secondary dispatch table.
356   --  If Prim is associated with a secondary dispatch table then generate also
357   --  its thunk and register it in the associated secondary dispatch table.
358   --  In general the dispatch tables are always generated by Make_DT and
359   --  Make_Secondary_DT; this routine is only used in two corner cases:
360   --
361   --    1) To construct the dispatch table of a tagged type whose parent
362   --       is a CPP_Class (see Build_Init_Procedure).
363   --    2) To handle late overriding of dispatching operations (see
364   --       Check_Dispatching_Operation and Make_DT).
365   --
366   --  The caller is responsible for inserting the generated code in the
367   --  proper place.
368
369   procedure Set_All_DT_Position (Typ : Entity_Id);
370   --  Set the DT_Position field for each primitive operation. In the CPP
371   --  Class case check that no pragma CPP_Virtual is missing and that the
372   --  DT_Position are coherent
373
374   procedure Set_CPP_Constructors (Typ : Entity_Id);
375   --  Typ is a CPP_Class type. Create the Init procedures of that type
376   --  required to handle its default and non-default constructors. The
377   --  functions to which pragma CPP_Constructor is applied in the sources
378   --  are functions returning this type, and having an implicit access to the
379   --  target object in its first argument; such implicit argument is explicit
380   --  in the IP procedures built here.
381
382   procedure Set_DTC_Entity_Value
383     (Tagged_Type : Entity_Id;
384      Prim        : Entity_Id);
385   --  Set the definite value of the DTC_Entity value associated with a given
386   --  primitive of a tagged type.
387
388   procedure Write_DT (Typ : Entity_Id);
389   pragma Export (Ada, Write_DT);
390   --  Debugging procedure (to be called within gdb)
391
392end Exp_Disp;
393