xref: /dports/devel/intel-graphics-compiler/intel-graphics-compiler-igc-1.0.9636/IGC/Compiler/Optimizer/IGCInstCombiner/7.0/InstCombineCasts.cpp

/*========================== begin_copyright_notice ============================

Copyright (C) 2018-2021 Intel Corporation

SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

============================= end_copyright_notice ===========================*/

/*========================== begin_copyright_notice ============================

This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source License.
See LICENSE.TXT for details.

============================= end_copyright_notice ===========================*/

// This file implements the visit functions for cast operations.

#include "common/LLVMWarningsPush.hpp"
#include "InstCombineInternal.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ConstantFolding.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DIBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h"
#include "llvm/Support/KnownBits.h"
#include "Probe/Assertion.h"

using namespace llvm;
using namespace PatternMatch;
using namespace IGCombiner;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "instcombine"

/// Analyze 'Val', seeing if it is a simple linear expression.
/// If so, decompose it, returning some value X, such that Val is
/// X*Scale+Offset.
///
static Value* decomposeSimpleLinearExpr(Value* Val, unsigned& Scale,
    uint64_t& Offset) {
    if (ConstantInt * CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Val)) {
        Offset = CI->getZExtValue();
        Scale = 0;
        return ConstantInt::get(Val->getType(), 0);
    }

    if (BinaryOperator * I = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Val)) {
        // Cannot look past anything that might overflow.
        OverflowingBinaryOperator* OBI = dyn_cast<OverflowingBinaryOperator>(Val);
        if (OBI && !OBI->hasNoUnsignedWrap() && !OBI->hasNoSignedWrap()) {
            Scale = 1;
            Offset = 0;
            return Val;
        }

        if (ConstantInt * RHS = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(I->getOperand(1))) {
            if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Shl) {
                // This is a value scaled by '1 << the shift amt'.
                Scale = UINT64_C(1) << RHS->getZExtValue();
                Offset = 0;
                return I->getOperand(0);
            }

            if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul) {
                // This value is scaled by 'RHS'.
                Scale = RHS->getZExtValue();
                Offset = 0;
                return I->getOperand(0);
            }

            if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add) {
                // We have X+C.  Check to see if we really have (X*C2)+C1,
                // where C1 is divisible by C2.
                unsigned SubScale;
                Value* SubVal =
                    decomposeSimpleLinearExpr(I->getOperand(0), SubScale, Offset);
                Offset += RHS->getZExtValue();
                Scale = SubScale;
                return SubVal;
            }
        }
    }

    // Otherwise, we can't look past this.
    Scale = 1;
    Offset = 0;
    return Val;
}

/// If we find a cast of an allocation instruction, try to eliminate the cast by
/// moving the type information into the alloc.
Instruction* InstCombiner::PromoteCastOfAllocation(BitCastInst& CI,
    AllocaInst& AI) {
    PointerType* PTy = cast<PointerType>(CI.getType());

    BuilderTy AllocaBuilder(Builder);
    AllocaBuilder.SetInsertPoint(&AI);

    // Get the type really allocated and the type casted to.
    Type* AllocElTy = AI.getAllocatedType();
    Type* CastElTy = PTy->getElementType();
    if (!AllocElTy->isSized() || !CastElTy->isSized()) return nullptr;

    unsigned AllocElTyAlign = DL.getABITypeAlignment(AllocElTy);
    unsigned CastElTyAlign = DL.getABITypeAlignment(CastElTy);
    if (CastElTyAlign < AllocElTyAlign) return nullptr;

    // If the allocation has multiple uses, only promote it if we are strictly
    // increasing the alignment of the resultant allocation.  If we keep it the
    // same, we open the door to infinite loops of various kinds.
    if (!AI.hasOneUse() && CastElTyAlign == AllocElTyAlign) return nullptr;

    uint64_t AllocElTySize = DL.getTypeAllocSize(AllocElTy);
    uint64_t CastElTySize = DL.getTypeAllocSize(CastElTy);
    if (CastElTySize == 0 || AllocElTySize == 0) return nullptr;

    // If the allocation has multiple uses, only promote it if we're not
    // shrinking the amount of memory being allocated.
    uint64_t AllocElTyStoreSize = DL.getTypeStoreSize(AllocElTy);
    uint64_t CastElTyStoreSize = DL.getTypeStoreSize(CastElTy);
    if (!AI.hasOneUse() && CastElTyStoreSize < AllocElTyStoreSize) return nullptr;

    // See if we can satisfy the modulus by pulling a scale out of the array
    // size argument.
    unsigned ArraySizeScale;
    uint64_t ArrayOffset;
    Value* NumElements = // See if the array size is a decomposable linear expr.
        decomposeSimpleLinearExpr(AI.getOperand(0), ArraySizeScale, ArrayOffset);

    // If we can now satisfy the modulus, by using a non-1 scale, we really can
    // do the xform.
    if ((AllocElTySize * ArraySizeScale) % CastElTySize != 0 ||
        (AllocElTySize * ArrayOffset) % CastElTySize != 0) return nullptr;

    unsigned Scale = (AllocElTySize * ArraySizeScale) / CastElTySize;
    Value* Amt = nullptr;
    if (Scale == 1) {
        Amt = NumElements;
    }
    else {
        Amt = ConstantInt::get(AI.getArraySize()->getType(), Scale);
        // Insert before the alloca, not before the cast.
        Amt = AllocaBuilder.CreateMul(Amt, NumElements);
    }

    if (uint64_t Offset = (AllocElTySize * ArrayOffset) / CastElTySize) {
        Value* Off = ConstantInt::get(AI.getArraySize()->getType(),
            Offset, true);
        Amt = AllocaBuilder.CreateAdd(Amt, Off);
    }

    AllocaInst* New = AllocaBuilder.CreateAlloca(CastElTy, Amt);
    New->setAlignment(AI.getAlignment());
    New->takeName(&AI);
    New->setUsedWithInAlloca(AI.isUsedWithInAlloca());

    // If the allocation has multiple real uses, insert a cast and change all
    // things that used it to use the new cast.  This will also hack on CI, but it
    // will die soon.
    if (!AI.hasOneUse()) {
        // New is the allocation instruction, pointer typed. AI is the original
        // allocation instruction, also pointer typed. Thus, cast to use is BitCast.
        Value* NewCast = AllocaBuilder.CreateBitCast(New, AI.getType(), "tmpcast");
        replaceInstUsesWith(AI, NewCast);
    }
    return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, New);
}

/// Given an expression that CanEvaluateTruncated or CanEvaluateSExtd returns
/// true for, actually insert the code to evaluate the expression.
Value* InstCombiner::EvaluateInDifferentType(Value* V, Type* Ty,
    bool isSigned) {
    if (Constant * C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V)) {
        C = ConstantExpr::getIntegerCast(C, Ty, isSigned /*Sext or ZExt*/);
        // If we got a constantexpr back, try to simplify it with DL info.
        if (Constant * FoldedC = ConstantFoldConstant(C, DL, &TLI))
            C = FoldedC;
        return C;
    }

    // Otherwise, it must be an instruction.
    Instruction* I = cast<Instruction>(V);
    Instruction* Res = nullptr;
    unsigned Opc = I->getOpcode();
    switch (Opc) {
    case Instruction::Add:
    case Instruction::Sub:
    case Instruction::Mul:
    case Instruction::And:
    case Instruction::Or:
    case Instruction::Xor:
    case Instruction::AShr:
    case Instruction::LShr:
    case Instruction::Shl:
    case Instruction::UDiv:
    case Instruction::URem: {
        Value* LHS = EvaluateInDifferentType(I->getOperand(0), Ty, isSigned);
        Value* RHS = EvaluateInDifferentType(I->getOperand(1), Ty, isSigned);
        Res = BinaryOperator::Create((Instruction::BinaryOps)Opc, LHS, RHS);
        break;
    }
    case Instruction::Trunc:
    case Instruction::ZExt:
    case Instruction::SExt:
        // If the source type of the cast is the type we're trying for then we can
        // just return the source.  There's no need to insert it because it is not
        // new.
        if (I->getOperand(0)->getType() == Ty)
            return I->getOperand(0);

        // Otherwise, must be the same type of cast, so just reinsert a new one.
        // This also handles the case of zext(trunc(x)) -> zext(x).
        Res = CastInst::CreateIntegerCast(I->getOperand(0), Ty,
            Opc == Instruction::SExt);
        break;
    case Instruction::Select: {
        Value* True = EvaluateInDifferentType(I->getOperand(1), Ty, isSigned);
        Value* False = EvaluateInDifferentType(I->getOperand(2), Ty, isSigned);
        Res = SelectInst::Create(I->getOperand(0), True, False);
        break;
    }
    case Instruction::PHI: {
        PHINode* OPN = cast<PHINode>(I);
        PHINode* NPN = PHINode::Create(Ty, OPN->getNumIncomingValues());
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = OPN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i) {
            Value* V =
                EvaluateInDifferentType(OPN->getIncomingValue(i), Ty, isSigned);
            NPN->addIncoming(V, OPN->getIncomingBlock(i));
        }
        Res = NPN;
        break;
    }
    default:
        // TODO: Can handle more cases here.
        IGC_ASSERT_EXIT_MESSAGE(0, "Unreachable!");
    }

    Res->takeName(I);
    return InsertNewInstWith(Res, *I);
}

Instruction::CastOps InstCombiner::isEliminableCastPair(const CastInst* CI1,
    const CastInst* CI2) {
    Type* SrcTy = CI1->getSrcTy();
    Type* MidTy = CI1->getDestTy();
    Type* DstTy = CI2->getDestTy();

    Instruction::CastOps firstOp = CI1->getOpcode();
    Instruction::CastOps secondOp = CI2->getOpcode();
    Type* SrcIntPtrTy =
        SrcTy->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy() ? DL.getIntPtrType(SrcTy) : nullptr;
    Type* MidIntPtrTy =
        MidTy->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy() ? DL.getIntPtrType(MidTy) : nullptr;
    Type* DstIntPtrTy =
        DstTy->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy() ? DL.getIntPtrType(DstTy) : nullptr;
    unsigned Res = CastInst::isEliminableCastPair(firstOp, secondOp, SrcTy, MidTy,
        DstTy, SrcIntPtrTy, MidIntPtrTy,
        DstIntPtrTy);

    // We don't want to form an inttoptr or ptrtoint that converts to an integer
    // type that differs from the pointer size.
    if ((Res == Instruction::IntToPtr && SrcTy != DstIntPtrTy) ||
        (Res == Instruction::PtrToInt && DstTy != SrcIntPtrTy))
        Res = 0;

    return Instruction::CastOps(Res);
}

/// Implement the transforms common to all CastInst visitors.
Instruction* InstCombiner::commonCastTransforms(CastInst& CI) {
    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);

    // Try to eliminate a cast of a cast.
    if (auto * CSrc = dyn_cast<CastInst>(Src)) {   // A->B->C cast
        if (Instruction::CastOps NewOpc = isEliminableCastPair(CSrc, &CI)) {
            // The first cast (CSrc) is eliminable so we need to fix up or replace
            // the second cast (CI). CSrc will then have a good chance of being dead.
            auto* Ty = CI.getType();
            auto* Res = CastInst::Create(NewOpc, CSrc->getOperand(0), Ty);
            // Point debug users of the dying cast to the new one.
            if (CSrc->hasOneUse())
                replaceAllDbgUsesWith(*CSrc, *Res, CI, DT);
            return Res;
        }
    }

    if (auto * Sel = dyn_cast<SelectInst>(Src)) {
        // We are casting a select. Try to fold the cast into the select, but only
        // if the select does not have a compare instruction with matching operand
        // types. Creating a select with operands that are different sizes than its
        // condition may inhibit other folds and lead to worse codegen.
        auto* Cmp = dyn_cast<CmpInst>(Sel->getCondition());
        if (!Cmp || Cmp->getOperand(0)->getType() != Sel->getType())
            if (Instruction * NV = FoldOpIntoSelect(CI, Sel)) {
                replaceAllDbgUsesWith(*Sel, *NV, CI, DT);
                return NV;
            }
    }

    // If we are casting a PHI, then fold the cast into the PHI.
    if (auto * PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(Src)) {
        // Don't do this if it would create a PHI node with an illegal type from a
        // legal type.
        if (!Src->getType()->isIntegerTy() || !CI.getType()->isIntegerTy() ||
            shouldChangeType(CI.getType(), Src->getType()))
            if (Instruction * NV = foldOpIntoPhi(CI, PN))
                return NV;
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/// Constants and extensions/truncates from the destination type are always
/// free to be evaluated in that type. This is a helper for canEvaluate*.
static bool canAlwaysEvaluateInType(Value* V, Type* Ty) {
    if (isa<Constant>(V))
        return true;
    Value* X;
    if ((match(V, m_ZExtOrSExt(m_Value(X))) || match(V, m_Trunc(m_Value(X)))) &&
        X->getType() == Ty)
        return true;

    return false;
}

/// Filter out values that we can not evaluate in the destination type for free.
/// This is a helper for canEvaluate*.
static bool canNotEvaluateInType(Value* V, Type* Ty) {
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(!isa<Constant>(V), "Constant should already be handled.");
    if (!isa<Instruction>(V))
        return true;
    // We don't extend or shrink something that has multiple uses --  doing so
    // would require duplicating the instruction which isn't profitable.
    if (!V->hasOneUse())
        return true;

    return false;
}

/// Return true if we can evaluate the specified expression tree as type Ty
/// instead of its larger type, and arrive with the same value.
/// This is used by code that tries to eliminate truncates.
///
/// Ty will always be a type smaller than V.  We should return true if trunc(V)
/// can be computed by computing V in the smaller type.  If V is an instruction,
/// then trunc(inst(x,y)) can be computed as inst(trunc(x),trunc(y)), which only
/// makes sense if x and y can be efficiently truncated.
///
/// This function works on both vectors and scalars.
///
static bool canEvaluateTruncated(Value* V, Type* Ty, InstCombiner& IC,
    Instruction* CxtI) {
    if (canAlwaysEvaluateInType(V, Ty))
        return true;
    if (canNotEvaluateInType(V, Ty))
        return false;

    auto* I = cast<Instruction>(V);
    Type* OrigTy = V->getType();
    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
    case Instruction::Add:
    case Instruction::Sub:
    case Instruction::Mul:
    case Instruction::And:
    case Instruction::Or:
    case Instruction::Xor:
        // These operators can all arbitrarily be extended or truncated.
        return canEvaluateTruncated(I->getOperand(0), Ty, IC, CxtI) &&
            canEvaluateTruncated(I->getOperand(1), Ty, IC, CxtI);

    case Instruction::UDiv:
    case Instruction::URem: {
        // UDiv and URem can be truncated if all the truncated bits are zero.
        uint32_t OrigBitWidth = OrigTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
        uint32_t BitWidth = Ty->getScalarSizeInBits();
        IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(BitWidth < OrigBitWidth, "Unexpected bitwidths!");
        APInt Mask = APInt::getBitsSetFrom(OrigBitWidth, BitWidth);
        if (IC.MaskedValueIsZero(I->getOperand(0), Mask, 0, CxtI) &&
            IC.MaskedValueIsZero(I->getOperand(1), Mask, 0, CxtI)) {
            return canEvaluateTruncated(I->getOperand(0), Ty, IC, CxtI) &&
                canEvaluateTruncated(I->getOperand(1), Ty, IC, CxtI);
        }
        break;
    }
    case Instruction::Shl: {
        // If we are truncating the result of this SHL, and if it's a shift of a
        // constant amount, we can always perform a SHL in a smaller type.
        const APInt* Amt;
        if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APInt(Amt))) {
            uint32_t BitWidth = Ty->getScalarSizeInBits();
            if (Amt->getLimitedValue(BitWidth) < BitWidth)
                return canEvaluateTruncated(I->getOperand(0), Ty, IC, CxtI);
        }
        break;
    }
    case Instruction::LShr: {
        // If this is a truncate of a logical shr, we can truncate it to a smaller
        // lshr iff we know that the bits we would otherwise be shifting in are
        // already zeros.
        const APInt* Amt;
        if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APInt(Amt))) {
            uint32_t OrigBitWidth = OrigTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
            uint32_t BitWidth = Ty->getScalarSizeInBits();
            if (Amt->getLimitedValue(BitWidth) < BitWidth &&
                IC.MaskedValueIsZero(I->getOperand(0),
                    APInt::getBitsSetFrom(OrigBitWidth, BitWidth), 0, CxtI)) {
                return canEvaluateTruncated(I->getOperand(0), Ty, IC, CxtI);
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    case Instruction::AShr: {
        // If this is a truncate of an arithmetic shr, we can truncate it to a
        // smaller ashr iff we know that all the bits from the sign bit of the
        // original type and the sign bit of the truncate type are similar.
        // TODO: It is enough to check that the bits we would be shifting in are
        //       similar to sign bit of the truncate type.
        const APInt* Amt;
        if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APInt(Amt))) {
            uint32_t OrigBitWidth = OrigTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
            uint32_t BitWidth = Ty->getScalarSizeInBits();
            if (Amt->getLimitedValue(BitWidth) < BitWidth &&
                OrigBitWidth - BitWidth <
                IC.ComputeNumSignBits(I->getOperand(0), 0, CxtI))
                return canEvaluateTruncated(I->getOperand(0), Ty, IC, CxtI);
        }
        break;
    }
    case Instruction::Trunc:
        // trunc(trunc(x)) -> trunc(x)
        return true;
    case Instruction::ZExt:
    case Instruction::SExt:
        // trunc(ext(x)) -> ext(x) if the source type is smaller than the new dest
        // trunc(ext(x)) -> trunc(x) if the source type is larger than the new dest
        return true;
    case Instruction::Select: {
        SelectInst* SI = cast<SelectInst>(I);
        return canEvaluateTruncated(SI->getTrueValue(), Ty, IC, CxtI) &&
            canEvaluateTruncated(SI->getFalseValue(), Ty, IC, CxtI);
    }
    case Instruction::PHI: {
        // We can change a phi if we can change all operands.  Note that we never
        // get into trouble with cyclic PHIs here because we only consider
        // instructions with a single use.
        PHINode* PN = cast<PHINode>(I);
        for (Value* IncValue : PN->incoming_values())
            if (!canEvaluateTruncated(IncValue, Ty, IC, CxtI))
                return false;
        return true;
    }
    default:
        // TODO: Can handle more cases here.
        break;
    }

    return false;
}

/// Given a vector that is bitcast to an integer, optionally logically
/// right-shifted, and truncated, convert it to an extractelement.
/// Example (big endian):
///   trunc (lshr (bitcast <4 x i32> %X to i128), 32) to i32
///   --->
///   extractelement <4 x i32> %X, 1
static Instruction* foldVecTruncToExtElt(TruncInst& Trunc, InstCombiner& IC) {
    Value* TruncOp = Trunc.getOperand(0);
    Type* DestType = Trunc.getType();
    if (!TruncOp->hasOneUse() || !isa<IntegerType>(DestType))
        return nullptr;

    Value* VecInput = nullptr;
    ConstantInt* ShiftVal = nullptr;
    if (!match(TruncOp, m_CombineOr(m_BitCast(m_Value(VecInput)),
        m_LShr(m_BitCast(m_Value(VecInput)),
            m_ConstantInt(ShiftVal)))) ||
        !isa<VectorType>(VecInput->getType()))
        return nullptr;

    VectorType* VecType = cast<VectorType>(VecInput->getType());
    unsigned VecWidth = VecType->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
    unsigned DestWidth = DestType->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
    unsigned ShiftAmount = ShiftVal ? ShiftVal->getZExtValue() : 0;

    if ((VecWidth % DestWidth != 0) || (ShiftAmount % DestWidth != 0))
        return nullptr;

    // If the element type of the vector doesn't match the result type,
    // bitcast it to a vector type that we can extract from.
    unsigned NumVecElts = VecWidth / DestWidth;
    if (VecType->getElementType() != DestType) {
        VecType = VectorType::get(DestType, NumVecElts);
        VecInput = IC.Builder.CreateBitCast(VecInput, VecType, "bc");
    }

    unsigned Elt = ShiftAmount / DestWidth;
    if (IC.getDataLayout().isBigEndian())
        Elt = NumVecElts - 1 - Elt;

    return ExtractElementInst::Create(VecInput, IC.Builder.getInt32(Elt));
}

/// Rotate left/right may occur in a wider type than necessary because of type
/// promotion rules. Try to narrow all of the component instructions.
Instruction* InstCombiner::narrowRotate(TruncInst& Trunc) {
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE((isa<VectorType>(Trunc.getSrcTy()) || shouldChangeType(Trunc.getSrcTy(), Trunc.getType())), "Don't narrow to an illegal scalar type");

    // First, find an or'd pair of opposite shifts with the same shifted operand:
    // trunc (or (lshr ShVal, ShAmt0), (shl ShVal, ShAmt1))
    Value* Or0, * Or1;
    if (!match(Trunc.getOperand(0), m_OneUse(m_Or(m_Value(Or0), m_Value(Or1)))))
        return nullptr;

    Value* ShVal, * ShAmt0, * ShAmt1;
    if (!match(Or0, m_OneUse(m_LogicalShift(m_Value(ShVal), m_Value(ShAmt0)))) ||
        !match(Or1, m_OneUse(m_LogicalShift(m_Specific(ShVal), m_Value(ShAmt1)))))
        return nullptr;

    auto ShiftOpcode0 = cast<BinaryOperator>(Or0)->getOpcode();
    auto ShiftOpcode1 = cast<BinaryOperator>(Or1)->getOpcode();
    if (ShiftOpcode0 == ShiftOpcode1)
        return nullptr;

    // The shift amounts must add up to the narrow bit width.
    Value* ShAmt;
    bool SubIsOnLHS;
    Type* DestTy = Trunc.getType();
    unsigned NarrowWidth = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
    if (match(ShAmt0,
        m_OneUse(m_Sub(m_SpecificInt(NarrowWidth), m_Specific(ShAmt1))))) {
        ShAmt = ShAmt1;
        SubIsOnLHS = true;
    }
    else if (match(ShAmt1, m_OneUse(m_Sub(m_SpecificInt(NarrowWidth),
        m_Specific(ShAmt0))))) {
        ShAmt = ShAmt0;
        SubIsOnLHS = false;
    }
    else {
        return nullptr;
    }

    // The shifted value must have high zeros in the wide type. Typically, this
    // will be a zext, but it could also be the result of an 'and' or 'shift'.
    unsigned WideWidth = Trunc.getSrcTy()->getScalarSizeInBits();
    APInt HiBitMask = APInt::getHighBitsSet(WideWidth, WideWidth - NarrowWidth);
    if (!MaskedValueIsZero(ShVal, HiBitMask, 0, &Trunc))
        return nullptr;

    // We have an unnecessarily wide rotate!
    // trunc (or (lshr ShVal, ShAmt), (shl ShVal, BitWidth - ShAmt))
    // Narrow it down to eliminate the zext/trunc:
    // or (lshr trunc(ShVal), ShAmt0'), (shl trunc(ShVal), ShAmt1')
    Value* NarrowShAmt = Builder.CreateTrunc(ShAmt, DestTy);
    Value* NegShAmt = Builder.CreateNeg(NarrowShAmt);

    // Mask both shift amounts to ensure there's no UB from oversized shifts.
    Constant* MaskC = ConstantInt::get(DestTy, NarrowWidth - 1);
    Value* MaskedShAmt = Builder.CreateAnd(NarrowShAmt, MaskC);
    Value* MaskedNegShAmt = Builder.CreateAnd(NegShAmt, MaskC);

    // Truncate the original value and use narrow ops.
    Value* X = Builder.CreateTrunc(ShVal, DestTy);
    Value* NarrowShAmt0 = SubIsOnLHS ? MaskedNegShAmt : MaskedShAmt;
    Value* NarrowShAmt1 = SubIsOnLHS ? MaskedShAmt : MaskedNegShAmt;
    Value* NarrowSh0 = Builder.CreateBinOp(ShiftOpcode0, X, NarrowShAmt0);
    Value* NarrowSh1 = Builder.CreateBinOp(ShiftOpcode1, X, NarrowShAmt1);
    return BinaryOperator::CreateOr(NarrowSh0, NarrowSh1);
}

/// Try to narrow the width of math or bitwise logic instructions by pulling a
/// truncate ahead of binary operators.
/// TODO: Transforms for truncated shifts should be moved into here.
Instruction* InstCombiner::narrowBinOp(TruncInst& Trunc) {
    Type* SrcTy = Trunc.getSrcTy();
    Type* DestTy = Trunc.getType();
    if (!isa<VectorType>(SrcTy) && !shouldChangeType(SrcTy, DestTy))
        return nullptr;

    BinaryOperator* BinOp;
    if (!match(Trunc.getOperand(0), m_OneUse(m_BinOp(BinOp))))
        return nullptr;

    Value* BinOp0 = BinOp->getOperand(0);
    Value* BinOp1 = BinOp->getOperand(1);
    switch (BinOp->getOpcode()) {
    case Instruction::And:
    case Instruction::Or:
    case Instruction::Xor:
    case Instruction::Add:
    case Instruction::Sub:
    case Instruction::Mul: {
        Constant* C;
        if (match(BinOp0, m_Constant(C))) {
            // trunc (binop C, X) --> binop (trunc C', X)
            Constant* NarrowC = ConstantExpr::getTrunc(C, DestTy);
            Value* TruncX = Builder.CreateTrunc(BinOp1, DestTy);
            return BinaryOperator::Create(BinOp->getOpcode(), NarrowC, TruncX);
        }
        if (match(BinOp1, m_Constant(C))) {
            // trunc (binop X, C) --> binop (trunc X, C')
            Constant* NarrowC = ConstantExpr::getTrunc(C, DestTy);
            Value* TruncX = Builder.CreateTrunc(BinOp0, DestTy);
            return BinaryOperator::Create(BinOp->getOpcode(), TruncX, NarrowC);
        }
        Value* X;
        if (match(BinOp0, m_ZExtOrSExt(m_Value(X))) && X->getType() == DestTy) {
            // trunc (binop (ext X), Y) --> binop X, (trunc Y)
            Value* NarrowOp1 = Builder.CreateTrunc(BinOp1, DestTy);
            return BinaryOperator::Create(BinOp->getOpcode(), X, NarrowOp1);
        }
        if (match(BinOp1, m_ZExtOrSExt(m_Value(X))) && X->getType() == DestTy) {
            // trunc (binop Y, (ext X)) --> binop (trunc Y), X
            Value* NarrowOp0 = Builder.CreateTrunc(BinOp0, DestTy);
            return BinaryOperator::Create(BinOp->getOpcode(), NarrowOp0, X);
        }
        break;
    }

    default: break;
    }

    if (Instruction * NarrowOr = narrowRotate(Trunc))
        return NarrowOr;

    return nullptr;
}

/// Try to narrow the width of a splat shuffle. This could be generalized to any
/// shuffle with a constant operand, but we limit the transform to avoid
/// creating a shuffle type that targets may not be able to lower effectively.
static Instruction* shrinkSplatShuffle(TruncInst& Trunc,
    InstCombiner::BuilderTy& Builder) {
    auto* Shuf = dyn_cast<ShuffleVectorInst>(Trunc.getOperand(0));
    if (Shuf && Shuf->hasOneUse() && isa<UndefValue>(Shuf->getOperand(1)) &&
        Shuf->getMask()->getSplatValue() &&
        Shuf->getType() == Shuf->getOperand(0)->getType()) {
        // trunc (shuf X, Undef, SplatMask) --> shuf (trunc X), Undef, SplatMask
        Constant* NarrowUndef = UndefValue::get(Trunc.getType());
        Value* NarrowOp = Builder.CreateTrunc(Shuf->getOperand(0), Trunc.getType());
        return new ShuffleVectorInst(NarrowOp, NarrowUndef, Shuf->getMask());
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/// Try to narrow the width of an insert element. This could be generalized for
/// any vector constant, but we limit the transform to insertion into undef to
/// avoid potential backend problems from unsupported insertion widths. This
/// could also be extended to handle the case of inserting a scalar constant
/// into a vector variable.
static Instruction* shrinkInsertElt(CastInst& Trunc,
    InstCombiner::BuilderTy& Builder) {
    Instruction::CastOps Opcode = Trunc.getOpcode();
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE((Opcode == Instruction::Trunc || Opcode == Instruction::FPTrunc), "Unexpected instruction for shrinking");

    auto* InsElt = dyn_cast<InsertElementInst>(Trunc.getOperand(0));
    if (!InsElt || !InsElt->hasOneUse())
        return nullptr;

    Type* DestTy = Trunc.getType();
    Type* DestScalarTy = DestTy->getScalarType();
    Value* VecOp = InsElt->getOperand(0);
    Value* ScalarOp = InsElt->getOperand(1);
    Value* Index = InsElt->getOperand(2);

    if (isa<UndefValue>(VecOp)) {
        // trunc   (inselt undef, X, Index) --> inselt undef,   (trunc X), Index
        // fptrunc (inselt undef, X, Index) --> inselt undef, (fptrunc X), Index
        UndefValue* NarrowUndef = UndefValue::get(DestTy);
        Value* NarrowOp = Builder.CreateCast(Opcode, ScalarOp, DestScalarTy);
        return InsertElementInst::Create(NarrowUndef, NarrowOp, Index);
    }

    return nullptr;
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitTrunc(TruncInst& CI) {
    if (Instruction * Result = commonCastTransforms(CI))
        return Result;

    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);
    Type* DestTy = CI.getType(), * SrcTy = Src->getType();

    // Attempt to truncate the entire input expression tree to the destination
    // type.   Only do this if the dest type is a simple type, don't convert the
    // expression tree to something weird like i93 unless the source is also
    // strange.
    if ((DestTy->isVectorTy() || shouldChangeType(SrcTy, DestTy)) &&
        canEvaluateTruncated(Src, DestTy, *this, &CI)) {

        // If this cast is a truncate, evaluting in a different type always
        // eliminates the cast, so it is always a win.
        LLVM_DEBUG(
            dbgs() << "ICE: EvaluateInDifferentType converting expression type"
            " to avoid cast: "
            << CI << '\n');
        Value* Res = EvaluateInDifferentType(Src, DestTy, false);
        IGC_ASSERT(Res->getType() == DestTy);
        return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, Res);
    }

    // Test if the trunc is the user of a select which is part of a
    // minimum or maximum operation. If so, don't do any more simplification.
    // Even simplifying demanded bits can break the canonical form of a
    // min/max.
    Value* LHS, * RHS;
    if (SelectInst * SI = dyn_cast<SelectInst>(CI.getOperand(0)))
        if (matchSelectPattern(SI, LHS, RHS).Flavor != SPF_UNKNOWN)
            return nullptr;

    // See if we can simplify any instructions used by the input whose sole
    // purpose is to compute bits we don't care about.
    if (SimplifyDemandedInstructionBits(CI))
        return &CI;

    // Canonicalize trunc x to i1 -> (icmp ne (and x, 1), 0), likewise for vector.
    if (DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits() == 1) {
        Constant* One = ConstantInt::get(SrcTy, 1);
        Src = Builder.CreateAnd(Src, One);
        Value* Zero = Constant::getNullValue(Src->getType());
        return new ICmpInst(ICmpInst::ICMP_NE, Src, Zero);
    }

    // FIXME: Maybe combine the next two transforms to handle the no cast case
    // more efficiently. Support vector types. Cleanup code by using m_OneUse.

    // Transform trunc(lshr (zext A), Cst) to eliminate one type conversion.
    Value* A = nullptr; ConstantInt* Cst = nullptr;
    if (Src->hasOneUse() &&
        match(Src, m_LShr(m_ZExt(m_Value(A)), m_ConstantInt(Cst)))) {
        // We have three types to worry about here, the type of A, the source of
        // the truncate (MidSize), and the destination of the truncate. We know that
        // ASize < MidSize   and MidSize > ResultSize, but don't know the relation
        // between ASize and ResultSize.
        unsigned ASize = A->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();

        // If the shift amount is larger than the size of A, then the result is
        // known to be zero because all the input bits got shifted out.
        if (Cst->getZExtValue() >= ASize)
            return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, Constant::getNullValue(DestTy));

        // Since we're doing an lshr and a zero extend, and know that the shift
        // amount is smaller than ASize, it is always safe to do the shift in A's
        // type, then zero extend or truncate to the result.
        Value* Shift = Builder.CreateLShr(A, Cst->getZExtValue());
        Shift->takeName(Src);
        return CastInst::CreateIntegerCast(Shift, DestTy, false);
    }

    // FIXME: We should canonicalize to zext/trunc and remove this transform.
    // Transform trunc(lshr (sext A), Cst) to ashr A, Cst to eliminate type
    // conversion.
    // It works because bits coming from sign extension have the same value as
    // the sign bit of the original value; performing ashr instead of lshr
    // generates bits of the same value as the sign bit.
    if (Src->hasOneUse() &&
        match(Src, m_LShr(m_SExt(m_Value(A)), m_ConstantInt(Cst)))) {
        Value* SExt = cast<Instruction>(Src)->getOperand(0);
        const unsigned SExtSize = SExt->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
        const unsigned ASize = A->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
        const unsigned CISize = CI.getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
        const unsigned MaxAmt = SExtSize - std::max(CISize, ASize);
        unsigned ShiftAmt = Cst->getZExtValue();

        // This optimization can be only performed when zero bits generated by
        // the original lshr aren't pulled into the value after truncation, so we
        // can only shift by values no larger than the number of extension bits.
        // FIXME: Instead of bailing when the shift is too large, use and to clear
        // the extra bits.
        if (ShiftAmt <= MaxAmt) {
            if (CISize == ASize)
                return BinaryOperator::CreateAShr(A, ConstantInt::get(CI.getType(),
                    std::min(ShiftAmt, ASize - 1)));
            if (SExt->hasOneUse()) {
                Value* Shift = Builder.CreateAShr(A, std::min(ShiftAmt, ASize - 1));
                Shift->takeName(Src);
                return CastInst::CreateIntegerCast(Shift, CI.getType(), true);
            }
        }
    }

    if (Instruction * I = narrowBinOp(CI))
        return I;

    if (Instruction * I = shrinkSplatShuffle(CI, Builder))
        return I;

    if (Instruction * I = shrinkInsertElt(CI, Builder))
        return I;

    if (Src->hasOneUse() && isa<IntegerType>(SrcTy) &&
        shouldChangeType(SrcTy, DestTy)) {
        // Transform "trunc (shl X, cst)" -> "shl (trunc X), cst" so long as the
        // dest type is native and cst < dest size.
        if (match(Src, m_Shl(m_Value(A), m_ConstantInt(Cst))) &&
            !match(A, m_Shr(m_Value(), m_Constant()))) {
            // Skip shifts of shift by constants. It undoes a combine in
            // FoldShiftByConstant and is the extend in reg pattern.
            const unsigned DestSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
            if (Cst->getValue().ult(DestSize)) {
                Value* NewTrunc = Builder.CreateTrunc(A, DestTy, A->getName() + ".tr");

                return BinaryOperator::Create(
                    Instruction::Shl, NewTrunc,
                    ConstantInt::get(DestTy, Cst->getValue().trunc(DestSize)));
            }
        }
    }

    if (Instruction * I = foldVecTruncToExtElt(CI, *this))
        return I;

    return nullptr;
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::transformZExtICmp(ICmpInst* ICI, ZExtInst& CI,
    bool DoTransform) {
    // If we are just checking for a icmp eq of a single bit and zext'ing it
    // to an integer, then shift the bit to the appropriate place and then
    // cast to integer to avoid the comparison.
    const APInt* Op1CV;
    if (match(ICI->getOperand(1), m_APInt(Op1CV))) {

        // zext (x <s  0) to i32 --> x>>u31      true if signbit set.
        // zext (x >s -1) to i32 --> (x>>u31)^1  true if signbit clear.
        if ((ICI->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT && Op1CV->isNullValue()) ||
            (ICI->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_SGT && Op1CV->isAllOnesValue())) {
            if (!DoTransform) return ICI;

            Value* In = ICI->getOperand(0);
            Value* Sh = ConstantInt::get(In->getType(),
                In->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() - 1);
            In = Builder.CreateLShr(In, Sh, In->getName() + ".lobit");
            if (In->getType() != CI.getType())
                In = Builder.CreateIntCast(In, CI.getType(), false /*ZExt*/);

            if (ICI->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_SGT) {
                Constant* One = ConstantInt::get(In->getType(), 1);
                In = Builder.CreateXor(In, One, In->getName() + ".not");
            }

            return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, In);
        }

        // zext (X == 0) to i32 --> X^1      iff X has only the low bit set.
        // zext (X == 0) to i32 --> (X>>1)^1 iff X has only the 2nd bit set.
        // zext (X == 1) to i32 --> X        iff X has only the low bit set.
        // zext (X == 2) to i32 --> X>>1     iff X has only the 2nd bit set.
        // zext (X != 0) to i32 --> X        iff X has only the low bit set.
        // zext (X != 0) to i32 --> X>>1     iff X has only the 2nd bit set.
        // zext (X != 1) to i32 --> X^1      iff X has only the low bit set.
        // zext (X != 2) to i32 --> (X>>1)^1 iff X has only the 2nd bit set.
        if ((Op1CV->isNullValue() || Op1CV->isPowerOf2()) &&
            // This only works for EQ and NE
            ICI->isEquality()) {
            // If Op1C some other power of two, convert:
            KnownBits Known = computeKnownBits(ICI->getOperand(0), 0, &CI);

            APInt KnownZeroMask(~Known.Zero);
            if (KnownZeroMask.isPowerOf2()) { // Exactly 1 possible 1?
                if (!DoTransform) return ICI;

                bool isNE = ICI->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_NE;
                if (!Op1CV->isNullValue() && (*Op1CV != KnownZeroMask)) {
                    // (X&4) == 2 --> false
                    // (X&4) != 2 --> true
                    Constant* Res = ConstantInt::get(CI.getType(), isNE);
                    return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, Res);
                }

                uint32_t ShAmt = KnownZeroMask.logBase2();
                Value* In = ICI->getOperand(0);
                if (ShAmt) {
                    // Perform a logical shr by shiftamt.
                    // Insert the shift to put the result in the low bit.
                    In = Builder.CreateLShr(In, ConstantInt::get(In->getType(), ShAmt),
                        In->getName() + ".lobit");
                }

                if (!Op1CV->isNullValue() == isNE) { // Toggle the low bit.
                    Constant* One = ConstantInt::get(In->getType(), 1);
                    In = Builder.CreateXor(In, One);
                }

                if (CI.getType() == In->getType())
                    return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, In);

                Value* IntCast = Builder.CreateIntCast(In, CI.getType(), false);
                return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, IntCast);
            }
        }
    }

    // icmp ne A, B is equal to xor A, B when A and B only really have one bit.
    // It is also profitable to transform icmp eq into not(xor(A, B)) because that
    // may lead to additional simplifications.
    if (ICI->isEquality() && CI.getType() == ICI->getOperand(0)->getType()) {
        if (IntegerType * ITy = dyn_cast<IntegerType>(CI.getType())) {
            Value* LHS = ICI->getOperand(0);
            Value* RHS = ICI->getOperand(1);

            KnownBits KnownLHS = computeKnownBits(LHS, 0, &CI);
            KnownBits KnownRHS = computeKnownBits(RHS, 0, &CI);

            if (KnownLHS.Zero == KnownRHS.Zero && KnownLHS.One == KnownRHS.One) {
                APInt KnownBits = KnownLHS.Zero | KnownLHS.One;
                APInt UnknownBit = ~KnownBits;
                if (UnknownBit.countPopulation() == 1) {
                    if (!DoTransform) return ICI;

                    Value* Result = Builder.CreateXor(LHS, RHS);

                    // Mask off any bits that are set and won't be shifted away.
                    if (KnownLHS.One.uge(UnknownBit))
                        Result = Builder.CreateAnd(Result,
                            ConstantInt::get(ITy, UnknownBit));

                    // Shift the bit we're testing down to the lsb.
                    Result = Builder.CreateLShr(
                        Result, ConstantInt::get(ITy, UnknownBit.countTrailingZeros()));

                    if (ICI->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_EQ)
                        Result = Builder.CreateXor(Result, ConstantInt::get(ITy, 1));
                    Result->takeName(ICI);
                    return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, Result);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/// Determine if the specified value can be computed in the specified wider type
/// and produce the same low bits. If not, return false.
///
/// If this function returns true, it can also return a non-zero number of bits
/// (in BitsToClear) which indicates that the value it computes is correct for
/// the zero extend, but that the additional BitsToClear bits need to be zero'd
/// out.  For example, to promote something like:
///
///   %B = trunc i64 %A to i32
///   %C = lshr i32 %B, 8
///   %E = zext i32 %C to i64
///
/// CanEvaluateZExtd for the 'lshr' will return true, and BitsToClear will be
/// set to 8 to indicate that the promoted value needs to have bits 24-31
/// cleared in addition to bits 32-63.  Since an 'and' will be generated to
/// clear the top bits anyway, doing this has no extra cost.
///
/// This function works on both vectors and scalars.
static bool canEvaluateZExtd(Value* V, Type* Ty, unsigned& BitsToClear,
    InstCombiner& IC, Instruction* CxtI) {
    BitsToClear = 0;
    if (canAlwaysEvaluateInType(V, Ty))
        return true;
    if (canNotEvaluateInType(V, Ty))
        return false;

    auto* I = cast<Instruction>(V);
    unsigned Tmp;
    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
    case Instruction::ZExt:  // zext(zext(x)) -> zext(x).
    case Instruction::SExt:  // zext(sext(x)) -> sext(x).
    case Instruction::Trunc: // zext(trunc(x)) -> trunc(x) or zext(x)
        return true;
    case Instruction::And:
    case Instruction::Or:
    case Instruction::Xor:
    case Instruction::Add:
    case Instruction::Sub:
    case Instruction::Mul:
        if (!canEvaluateZExtd(I->getOperand(0), Ty, BitsToClear, IC, CxtI) ||
            !canEvaluateZExtd(I->getOperand(1), Ty, Tmp, IC, CxtI))
            return false;
        // These can all be promoted if neither operand has 'bits to clear'.
        if (BitsToClear == 0 && Tmp == 0)
            return true;

        // If the operation is an AND/OR/XOR and the bits to clear are zero in the
        // other side, BitsToClear is ok.
        if (Tmp == 0 && I->isBitwiseLogicOp()) {
            // We use MaskedValueIsZero here for generality, but the case we care
            // about the most is constant RHS.
            unsigned VSize = V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
            if (IC.MaskedValueIsZero(I->getOperand(1),
                APInt::getHighBitsSet(VSize, BitsToClear),
                0, CxtI)) {
                // If this is an And instruction and all of the BitsToClear are
                // known to be zero we can reset BitsToClear.
                if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And)
                    BitsToClear = 0;
                return true;
            }
        }

        // Otherwise, we don't know how to analyze this BitsToClear case yet.
        return false;

    case Instruction::Shl: {
        // We can promote shl(x, cst) if we can promote x.  Since shl overwrites the
        // upper bits we can reduce BitsToClear by the shift amount.
        const APInt* Amt;
        if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APInt(Amt))) {
            if (!canEvaluateZExtd(I->getOperand(0), Ty, BitsToClear, IC, CxtI))
                return false;
            uint64_t ShiftAmt = Amt->getZExtValue();
            BitsToClear = ShiftAmt < BitsToClear ? BitsToClear - ShiftAmt : 0;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    case Instruction::LShr: {
        // We can promote lshr(x, cst) if we can promote x.  This requires the
        // ultimate 'and' to clear out the high zero bits we're clearing out though.
        const APInt* Amt;
        if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APInt(Amt))) {
            if (!canEvaluateZExtd(I->getOperand(0), Ty, BitsToClear, IC, CxtI))
                return false;
            BitsToClear += Amt->getZExtValue();
            if (BitsToClear > V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits())
                BitsToClear = V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
            return true;
        }
        // Cannot promote variable LSHR.
        return false;
    }
    case Instruction::Select:
        if (!canEvaluateZExtd(I->getOperand(1), Ty, Tmp, IC, CxtI) ||
            !canEvaluateZExtd(I->getOperand(2), Ty, BitsToClear, IC, CxtI) ||
            // TODO: If important, we could handle the case when the BitsToClear are
            // known zero in the disagreeing side.
            Tmp != BitsToClear)
            return false;
        return true;

    case Instruction::PHI: {
        // We can change a phi if we can change all operands.  Note that we never
        // get into trouble with cyclic PHIs here because we only consider
        // instructions with a single use.
        PHINode* PN = cast<PHINode>(I);
        if (!canEvaluateZExtd(PN->getIncomingValue(0), Ty, BitsToClear, IC, CxtI))
            return false;
        for (unsigned i = 1, e = PN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i)
            if (!canEvaluateZExtd(PN->getIncomingValue(i), Ty, Tmp, IC, CxtI) ||
                // TODO: If important, we could handle the case when the BitsToClear
                // are known zero in the disagreeing input.
                Tmp != BitsToClear)
                return false;
        return true;
    }
    default:
        // TODO: Can handle more cases here.
        return false;
    }
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitZExt(ZExtInst& CI) {
    // If this zero extend is only used by a truncate, let the truncate be
    // eliminated before we try to optimize this zext.
    if (CI.hasOneUse() && isa<TruncInst>(CI.user_back()))
        return nullptr;

    // If one of the common conversion will work, do it.
    if (Instruction * Result = commonCastTransforms(CI))
        return Result;

    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);
    Type* SrcTy = Src->getType(), * DestTy = CI.getType();

    // Attempt to extend the entire input expression tree to the destination
    // type.   Only do this if the dest type is a simple type, don't convert the
    // expression tree to something weird like i93 unless the source is also
    // strange.
    unsigned BitsToClear;
    if ((DestTy->isVectorTy() || shouldChangeType(SrcTy, DestTy)) &&
        canEvaluateZExtd(Src, DestTy, BitsToClear, *this, &CI)) {
        IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(BitsToClear <= SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits(), "Can't clear more bits than in SrcTy");

        // Okay, we can transform this!  Insert the new expression now.
        LLVM_DEBUG(
            dbgs() << "ICE: EvaluateInDifferentType converting expression type"
            " to avoid zero extend: "
            << CI << '\n');
        Value* Res = EvaluateInDifferentType(Src, DestTy, false);
        IGC_ASSERT(Res->getType() == DestTy);

        // Preserve debug values referring to Src if the zext is its last use.
        if (auto * SrcOp = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Src))
            if (SrcOp->hasOneUse())
                replaceAllDbgUsesWith(*SrcOp, *Res, CI, DT);

        uint32_t SrcBitsKept = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits() - BitsToClear;
        uint32_t DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();

        // If the high bits are already filled with zeros, just replace this
        // cast with the result.
        if (MaskedValueIsZero(Res,
            APInt::getHighBitsSet(DestBitSize,
                DestBitSize - SrcBitsKept),
            0, &CI))
            return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, Res);

        // We need to emit an AND to clear the high bits.
        Constant* C = ConstantInt::get(Res->getType(),
            APInt::getLowBitsSet(DestBitSize, SrcBitsKept));
        return BinaryOperator::CreateAnd(Res, C);
    }

    // If this is a TRUNC followed by a ZEXT then we are dealing with integral
    // types and if the sizes are just right we can convert this into a logical
    // 'and' which will be much cheaper than the pair of casts.
    if (TruncInst * CSrc = dyn_cast<TruncInst>(Src)) {   // A->B->C cast
      // TODO: Subsume this into EvaluateInDifferentType.

      // Get the sizes of the types involved.  We know that the intermediate type
      // will be smaller than A or C, but don't know the relation between A and C.
        Value* A = CSrc->getOperand(0);
        unsigned SrcSize = A->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
        unsigned MidSize = CSrc->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
        unsigned DstSize = CI.getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
        // If we're actually extending zero bits, then if
        // SrcSize <  DstSize: zext(a & mask)
        // SrcSize == DstSize: a & mask
        // SrcSize  > DstSize: trunc(a) & mask
        if (SrcSize < DstSize) {
            APInt AndValue(APInt::getLowBitsSet(SrcSize, MidSize));
            Constant* AndConst = ConstantInt::get(A->getType(), AndValue);
            Value* And = Builder.CreateAnd(A, AndConst, CSrc->getName() + ".mask");
            return new ZExtInst(And, CI.getType());
        }

        if (SrcSize == DstSize) {
            APInt AndValue(APInt::getLowBitsSet(SrcSize, MidSize));
            return BinaryOperator::CreateAnd(A, ConstantInt::get(A->getType(),
                AndValue));
        }
        if (SrcSize > DstSize) {
            Value* Trunc = Builder.CreateTrunc(A, CI.getType());
            APInt AndValue(APInt::getLowBitsSet(DstSize, MidSize));
            return BinaryOperator::CreateAnd(Trunc,
                ConstantInt::get(Trunc->getType(),
                    AndValue));
        }
    }

    if (ICmpInst * ICI = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(Src))
        return transformZExtICmp(ICI, CI);

    BinaryOperator* SrcI = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Src);
    if (SrcI && SrcI->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or) {
        // zext (or icmp, icmp) -> or (zext icmp), (zext icmp) if at least one
        // of the (zext icmp) can be eliminated. If so, immediately perform the
        // according elimination.
        ICmpInst* LHS = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(SrcI->getOperand(0));
        ICmpInst* RHS = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(SrcI->getOperand(1));
        if (LHS && RHS && LHS->hasOneUse() && RHS->hasOneUse() &&
            (transformZExtICmp(LHS, CI, false) ||
                transformZExtICmp(RHS, CI, false))) {
            // zext (or icmp, icmp) -> or (zext icmp), (zext icmp)
            Value* LCast = Builder.CreateZExt(LHS, CI.getType(), LHS->getName());
            Value* RCast = Builder.CreateZExt(RHS, CI.getType(), RHS->getName());
            BinaryOperator* Or = BinaryOperator::Create(Instruction::Or, LCast, RCast);

            // Perform the elimination.
            if (auto * LZExt = dyn_cast<ZExtInst>(LCast))
                transformZExtICmp(LHS, *LZExt);
            if (auto * RZExt = dyn_cast<ZExtInst>(RCast))
                transformZExtICmp(RHS, *RZExt);

            return Or;
        }
    }

    // zext(trunc(X) & C) -> (X & zext(C)).
    Constant* C;
    Value* X;
    if (SrcI &&
        match(SrcI, m_OneUse(m_And(m_Trunc(m_Value(X)), m_Constant(C)))) &&
        X->getType() == CI.getType())
        return BinaryOperator::CreateAnd(X, ConstantExpr::getZExt(C, CI.getType()));

    // zext((trunc(X) & C) ^ C) -> ((X & zext(C)) ^ zext(C)).
    Value* And;
    if (SrcI && match(SrcI, m_OneUse(m_Xor(m_Value(And), m_Constant(C)))) &&
        match(And, m_OneUse(m_And(m_Trunc(m_Value(X)), m_Specific(C)))) &&
        X->getType() == CI.getType()) {
        Constant* ZC = ConstantExpr::getZExt(C, CI.getType());
        return BinaryOperator::CreateXor(Builder.CreateAnd(X, ZC), ZC);
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/// Transform (sext icmp) to bitwise / integer operations to eliminate the icmp.
Instruction* InstCombiner::transformSExtICmp(ICmpInst* ICI, Instruction& CI) {
    Value* Op0 = ICI->getOperand(0), * Op1 = ICI->getOperand(1);
    ICmpInst::Predicate Pred = ICI->getPredicate();

    // Don't bother if Op1 isn't of vector or integer type.
    if (!Op1->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
        return nullptr;

    if ((Pred == ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT && match(Op1, m_ZeroInt())) ||
        (Pred == ICmpInst::ICMP_SGT && match(Op1, m_AllOnes()))) {
        // (x <s  0) ? -1 : 0 -> ashr x, 31        -> all ones if negative
        // (x >s -1) ? -1 : 0 -> not (ashr x, 31)  -> all ones if positive
        Value* Sh = ConstantInt::get(Op0->getType(),
            Op0->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() - 1);
        Value* In = Builder.CreateAShr(Op0, Sh, Op0->getName() + ".lobit");
        if (In->getType() != CI.getType())
            In = Builder.CreateIntCast(In, CI.getType(), true /*SExt*/);

        if (Pred == ICmpInst::ICMP_SGT)
            In = Builder.CreateNot(In, In->getName() + ".not");
        return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, In);
    }

    if (ConstantInt * Op1C = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op1)) {
        // If we know that only one bit of the LHS of the icmp can be set and we
        // have an equality comparison with zero or a power of 2, we can transform
        // the icmp and sext into bitwise/integer operations.
        if (ICI->hasOneUse() &&
            ICI->isEquality() && (Op1C->isZero() || Op1C->getValue().isPowerOf2())) {
            KnownBits Known = computeKnownBits(Op0, 0, &CI);

            APInt KnownZeroMask(~Known.Zero);
            if (KnownZeroMask.isPowerOf2()) {
                Value* In = ICI->getOperand(0);

                // If the icmp tests for a known zero bit we can constant fold it.
                if (!Op1C->isZero() && Op1C->getValue() != KnownZeroMask) {
                    Value* V = Pred == ICmpInst::ICMP_NE ?
                        ConstantInt::getAllOnesValue(CI.getType()) :
                        ConstantInt::getNullValue(CI.getType());
                    return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, V);
                }

                if (!Op1C->isZero() == (Pred == ICmpInst::ICMP_NE)) {
                    // sext ((x & 2^n) == 0)   -> (x >> n) - 1
                    // sext ((x & 2^n) != 2^n) -> (x >> n) - 1
                    unsigned ShiftAmt = KnownZeroMask.countTrailingZeros();
                    // Perform a right shift to place the desired bit in the LSB.
                    if (ShiftAmt)
                        In = Builder.CreateLShr(In,
                            ConstantInt::get(In->getType(), ShiftAmt));

                    // At this point "In" is either 1 or 0. Subtract 1 to turn
                    // {1, 0} -> {0, -1}.
                    In = Builder.CreateAdd(In,
                        ConstantInt::getAllOnesValue(In->getType()),
                        "sext");
                }
                else {
                    // sext ((x & 2^n) != 0)   -> (x << bitwidth-n) a>> bitwidth-1
                    // sext ((x & 2^n) == 2^n) -> (x << bitwidth-n) a>> bitwidth-1
                    unsigned ShiftAmt = KnownZeroMask.countLeadingZeros();
                    // Perform a left shift to place the desired bit in the MSB.
                    if (ShiftAmt)
                        In = Builder.CreateShl(In,
                            ConstantInt::get(In->getType(), ShiftAmt));

                    // Distribute the bit over the whole bit width.
                    In = Builder.CreateAShr(In, ConstantInt::get(In->getType(),
                        KnownZeroMask.getBitWidth() - 1), "sext");
                }

                if (CI.getType() == In->getType())
                    return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, In);
                return CastInst::CreateIntegerCast(In, CI.getType(), true/*SExt*/);
            }
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/// Return true if we can take the specified value and return it as type Ty
/// without inserting any new casts and without changing the value of the common
/// low bits.  This is used by code that tries to promote integer operations to
/// a wider types will allow us to eliminate the extension.
///
/// This function works on both vectors and scalars.
///
static bool canEvaluateSExtd(Value* V, Type* Ty) {
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() < Ty->getScalarSizeInBits(), "Can't sign extend type to a smaller type");
    if (canAlwaysEvaluateInType(V, Ty))
        return true;
    if (canNotEvaluateInType(V, Ty))
        return false;

    auto* I = cast<Instruction>(V);
    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
    case Instruction::SExt:  // sext(sext(x)) -> sext(x)
    case Instruction::ZExt:  // sext(zext(x)) -> zext(x)
    case Instruction::Trunc: // sext(trunc(x)) -> trunc(x) or sext(x)
        return true;
    case Instruction::And:
    case Instruction::Or:
    case Instruction::Xor:
    case Instruction::Add:
    case Instruction::Sub:
    case Instruction::Mul:
        // These operators can all arbitrarily be extended if their inputs can.
        return canEvaluateSExtd(I->getOperand(0), Ty) &&
            canEvaluateSExtd(I->getOperand(1), Ty);

        //case Instruction::Shl:   TODO
        //case Instruction::LShr:  TODO

    case Instruction::Select:
        return canEvaluateSExtd(I->getOperand(1), Ty) &&
            canEvaluateSExtd(I->getOperand(2), Ty);

    case Instruction::PHI: {
        // We can change a phi if we can change all operands.  Note that we never
        // get into trouble with cyclic PHIs here because we only consider
        // instructions with a single use.
        PHINode* PN = cast<PHINode>(I);
        for (Value* IncValue : PN->incoming_values())
            if (!canEvaluateSExtd(IncValue, Ty)) return false;
        return true;
    }
    default:
        // TODO: Can handle more cases here.
        break;
    }

    return false;
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitSExt(SExtInst& CI) {
    // If this sign extend is only used by a truncate, let the truncate be
    // eliminated before we try to optimize this sext.
    if (CI.hasOneUse() && isa<TruncInst>(CI.user_back()))
        return nullptr;

    if (Instruction * I = commonCastTransforms(CI))
        return I;

    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);
    Type* SrcTy = Src->getType(), * DestTy = CI.getType();

    // If we know that the value being extended is positive, we can use a zext
    // instead.
    KnownBits Known = computeKnownBits(Src, 0, &CI);
    if (Known.isNonNegative()) {
        Value* ZExt = Builder.CreateZExt(Src, DestTy);
        return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, ZExt);
    }

    // Attempt to extend the entire input expression tree to the destination
    // type.   Only do this if the dest type is a simple type, don't convert the
    // expression tree to something weird like i93 unless the source is also
    // strange.
    if ((DestTy->isVectorTy() || shouldChangeType(SrcTy, DestTy)) &&
        canEvaluateSExtd(Src, DestTy)) {
        // Okay, we can transform this!  Insert the new expression now.
        LLVM_DEBUG(
            dbgs() << "ICE: EvaluateInDifferentType converting expression type"
            " to avoid sign extend: "
            << CI << '\n');
        Value* Res = EvaluateInDifferentType(Src, DestTy, true);
        IGC_ASSERT(Res->getType() == DestTy);

        uint32_t SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
        uint32_t DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();

        // If the high bits are already filled with sign bit, just replace this
        // cast with the result.
        if (ComputeNumSignBits(Res, 0, &CI) > DestBitSize - SrcBitSize)
            return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, Res);

        // We need to emit a shl + ashr to do the sign extend.
        Value* ShAmt = ConstantInt::get(DestTy, DestBitSize - SrcBitSize);
        return BinaryOperator::CreateAShr(Builder.CreateShl(Res, ShAmt, "sext"),
            ShAmt);
    }

    // If the input is a trunc from the destination type, then turn sext(trunc(x))
    // into shifts.
    Value* X;
    if (match(Src, m_OneUse(m_Trunc(m_Value(X)))) && X->getType() == DestTy) {
        // sext(trunc(X)) --> ashr(shl(X, C), C)
        unsigned SrcBitSize = SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
        unsigned DestBitSize = DestTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
        Constant* ShAmt = ConstantInt::get(DestTy, DestBitSize - SrcBitSize);
        return BinaryOperator::CreateAShr(Builder.CreateShl(X, ShAmt), ShAmt);
    }

    if (ICmpInst * ICI = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(Src))
        return transformSExtICmp(ICI, CI);

    // If the input is a shl/ashr pair of a same constant, then this is a sign
    // extension from a smaller value.  If we could trust arbitrary bitwidth
    // integers, we could turn this into a truncate to the smaller bit and then
    // use a sext for the whole extension.  Since we don't, look deeper and check
    // for a truncate.  If the source and dest are the same type, eliminate the
    // trunc and extend and just do shifts.  For example, turn:
    //   %a = trunc i32 %i to i8
    //   %b = shl i8 %a, 6
    //   %c = ashr i8 %b, 6
    //   %d = sext i8 %c to i32
    // into:
    //   %a = shl i32 %i, 30
    //   %d = ashr i32 %a, 30
    Value* A = nullptr;
    // TODO: Eventually this could be subsumed by EvaluateInDifferentType.
    ConstantInt* BA = nullptr, * CA = nullptr;
    if (match(Src, m_AShr(m_Shl(m_Trunc(m_Value(A)), m_ConstantInt(BA)),
        m_ConstantInt(CA))) &&
        BA == CA && A->getType() == CI.getType()) {
        unsigned MidSize = Src->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
        unsigned SrcDstSize = CI.getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
        unsigned ShAmt = CA->getZExtValue() + SrcDstSize - MidSize;
        Constant* ShAmtV = ConstantInt::get(CI.getType(), ShAmt);
        A = Builder.CreateShl(A, ShAmtV, CI.getName());
        return BinaryOperator::CreateAShr(A, ShAmtV);
    }

    return nullptr;
}


/// Return a Constant* for the specified floating-point constant if it fits
/// in the specified FP type without changing its value.
static bool fitsInFPType(ConstantFP* CFP, const fltSemantics& Sem) {
    bool losesInfo;
    APFloat F = CFP->getValueAPF();
    (void)F.convert(Sem, APFloat::rmNearestTiesToEven, &losesInfo);
    return !losesInfo;
}

static Type* shrinkFPConstant(ConstantFP* CFP) {
    if (CFP->getType() == Type::getPPC_FP128Ty(CFP->getContext()))
        return nullptr;  // No constant folding of this.
      // See if the value can be truncated to half and then reextended.
    if (fitsInFPType(CFP, APFloat::IEEEhalf()))
        return Type::getHalfTy(CFP->getContext());
    // See if the value can be truncated to float and then reextended.
    if (fitsInFPType(CFP, APFloat::IEEEsingle()))
        return Type::getFloatTy(CFP->getContext());
    if (CFP->getType()->isDoubleTy())
        return nullptr;  // Won't shrink.
    if (fitsInFPType(CFP, APFloat::IEEEdouble()))
        return Type::getDoubleTy(CFP->getContext());
    // Don't try to shrink to various long double types.
    return nullptr;
}

// Determine if this is a vector of ConstantFPs and if so, return the minimal
// type we can safely truncate all elements to.
// TODO: Make these support undef elements.
static Type* shrinkFPConstantVector(Value* V) {
    auto* CV = dyn_cast<Constant>(V);
    if (!CV || !CV->getType()->isVectorTy())
        return nullptr;

    Type* MinType = nullptr;

    unsigned NumElts = CV->getType()->getVectorNumElements();
    for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumElts; ++i) {
        auto* CFP = dyn_cast_or_null<ConstantFP>(CV->getAggregateElement(i));
        if (!CFP)
            return nullptr;

        Type* T = shrinkFPConstant(CFP);
        if (!T)
            return nullptr;

        // If we haven't found a type yet or this type has a larger mantissa than
        // our previous type, this is our new minimal type.
        if (!MinType || T->getFPMantissaWidth() > MinType->getFPMantissaWidth())
            MinType = T;
    }

    // Make a vector type from the minimal type.
    return VectorType::get(MinType, NumElts);
}

/// Find the minimum FP type we can safely truncate to.
static Type* getMinimumFPType(Value* V) {
    if (auto * FPExt = dyn_cast<FPExtInst>(V))
        return FPExt->getOperand(0)->getType();

    // If this value is a constant, return the constant in the smallest FP type
    // that can accurately represent it.  This allows us to turn
    // (float)((double)X+2.0) into x+2.0f.
    if (auto * CFP = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(V))
        if (Type * T = shrinkFPConstant(CFP))
            return T;

    // Try to shrink a vector of FP constants.
    if (Type * T = shrinkFPConstantVector(V))
        return T;

    return V->getType();
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitFPTrunc(FPTruncInst& FPT) {
    if (Instruction * I = commonCastTransforms(FPT))
        return I;

    // If we have fptrunc(OpI (fpextend x), (fpextend y)), we would like to
    // simplify this expression to avoid one or more of the trunc/extend
    // operations if we can do so without changing the numerical results.
    //
    // The exact manner in which the widths of the operands interact to limit
    // what we can and cannot do safely varies from operation to operation, and
    // is explained below in the various case statements.
    Type* Ty = FPT.getType();
    BinaryOperator* OpI = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(FPT.getOperand(0));
    if (OpI && OpI->hasOneUse()) {
        Type* LHSMinType = getMinimumFPType(OpI->getOperand(0));
        Type* RHSMinType = getMinimumFPType(OpI->getOperand(1));
        unsigned OpWidth = OpI->getType()->getFPMantissaWidth();
        unsigned LHSWidth = LHSMinType->getFPMantissaWidth();
        unsigned RHSWidth = RHSMinType->getFPMantissaWidth();
        unsigned SrcWidth = std::max(LHSWidth, RHSWidth);
        unsigned DstWidth = Ty->getFPMantissaWidth();
        switch (OpI->getOpcode()) {
        default: break;
        case Instruction::FAdd:
        case Instruction::FSub:
            // For addition and subtraction, the infinitely precise result can
            // essentially be arbitrarily wide; proving that double rounding
            // will not occur because the result of OpI is exact (as we will for
            // FMul, for example) is hopeless.  However, we *can* nonetheless
            // frequently know that double rounding cannot occur (or that it is
            // innocuous) by taking advantage of the specific structure of
            // infinitely-precise results that admit double rounding.
            //
            // Specifically, if OpWidth >= 2*DstWdith+1 and DstWidth is sufficient
            // to represent both sources, we can guarantee that the double
            // rounding is innocuous (See p50 of Figueroa's 2000 PhD thesis,
            // "A Rigorous Framework for Fully Supporting the IEEE Standard ..."
            // for proof of this fact).
            //
            // Note: Figueroa does not consider the case where DstFormat !=
            // SrcFormat.  It's possible (likely even!) that this analysis
            // could be tightened for those cases, but they are rare (the main
            // case of interest here is (float)((double)float + float)).
            if (OpWidth >= 2 * DstWidth + 1 && DstWidth >= SrcWidth) {
                Value* LHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(0), Ty);
                Value* RHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(1), Ty);
                Instruction* RI = BinaryOperator::Create(OpI->getOpcode(), LHS, RHS);
                RI->copyFastMathFlags(OpI);
                return RI;
            }
            break;
        case Instruction::FMul:
            // For multiplication, the infinitely precise result has at most
            // LHSWidth + RHSWidth significant bits; if OpWidth is sufficient
            // that such a value can be exactly represented, then no double
            // rounding can possibly occur; we can safely perform the operation
            // in the destination format if it can represent both sources.
            if (OpWidth >= LHSWidth + RHSWidth && DstWidth >= SrcWidth) {
                Value* LHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(0), Ty);
                Value* RHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(1), Ty);
                return BinaryOperator::CreateFMulFMF(LHS, RHS, OpI);
            }
            break;
        case Instruction::FDiv:
            // For division, we use again use the bound from Figueroa's
            // dissertation.  I am entirely certain that this bound can be
            // tightened in the unbalanced operand case by an analysis based on
            // the diophantine rational approximation bound, but the well-known
            // condition used here is a good conservative first pass.
            // TODO: Tighten bound via rigorous analysis of the unbalanced case.
            if (OpWidth >= 2 * DstWidth && DstWidth >= SrcWidth) {
                Value* LHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(0), Ty);
                Value* RHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(1), Ty);
                return BinaryOperator::CreateFDivFMF(LHS, RHS, OpI);
            }
            break;
        case Instruction::FRem: {
            // Remainder is straightforward.  Remainder is always exact, so the
            // type of OpI doesn't enter into things at all.  We simply evaluate
            // in whichever source type is larger, then convert to the
            // destination type.
            if (SrcWidth == OpWidth)
                break;
            Value* LHS, * RHS;
            if (LHSWidth == SrcWidth) {
                LHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(0), LHSMinType);
                RHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(1), LHSMinType);
            }
            else {
                LHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(0), RHSMinType);
                RHS = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(1), RHSMinType);
            }

            Value* ExactResult = Builder.CreateFRemFMF(LHS, RHS, OpI);
            return CastInst::CreateFPCast(ExactResult, Ty);
        }
        }

        // (fptrunc (fneg x)) -> (fneg (fptrunc x))
        if (BinaryOperator::isFNeg(OpI)) {
            Value* InnerTrunc = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(OpI->getOperand(1), Ty);
            return BinaryOperator::CreateFNegFMF(InnerTrunc, OpI);
        }
    }

    if (auto * II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(FPT.getOperand(0))) {
        switch (II->getIntrinsicID()) {
        default: break;
        case Intrinsic::ceil:
        case Intrinsic::fabs:
        case Intrinsic::floor:
        case Intrinsic::nearbyint:
        case Intrinsic::rint:
        case Intrinsic::round:
        case Intrinsic::trunc: {
            Value* Src = II->getArgOperand(0);
            if (!Src->hasOneUse())
                break;

            // Except for fabs, this transformation requires the input of the unary FP
            // operation to be itself an fpext from the type to which we're
            // truncating.
            if (II->getIntrinsicID() != Intrinsic::fabs) {
                FPExtInst* FPExtSrc = dyn_cast<FPExtInst>(Src);
                if (!FPExtSrc || FPExtSrc->getSrcTy() != Ty)
                    break;
            }

            // Do unary FP operation on smaller type.
            // (fptrunc (fabs x)) -> (fabs (fptrunc x))
            Value* InnerTrunc = Builder.CreateFPTrunc(Src, Ty);
            Function* Overload = Intrinsic::getDeclaration(FPT.getModule(),
                II->getIntrinsicID(), Ty);
            SmallVector<OperandBundleDef, 1> OpBundles;
            II->getOperandBundlesAsDefs(OpBundles);
            CallInst* NewCI = CallInst::Create(Overload, { InnerTrunc }, OpBundles,
                II->getName());
            NewCI->copyFastMathFlags(II);
            return NewCI;
        }
        }
    }

    if (Instruction * I = shrinkInsertElt(FPT, Builder))
        return I;

    return nullptr;
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitFPExt(CastInst& CI) {
    return commonCastTransforms(CI);
}

// fpto{s/u}i({u/s}itofp(X)) --> X or zext(X) or sext(X) or trunc(X)
// This is safe if the intermediate type has enough bits in its mantissa to
// accurately represent all values of X.  For example, this won't work with
// i64 -> float -> i64.
Instruction* InstCombiner::FoldItoFPtoI(Instruction& FI) {
    if (!isa<UIToFPInst>(FI.getOperand(0)) && !isa<SIToFPInst>(FI.getOperand(0)))
        return nullptr;
    Instruction* OpI = cast<Instruction>(FI.getOperand(0));

    Value* SrcI = OpI->getOperand(0);
    Type* FITy = FI.getType();
    Type* OpITy = OpI->getType();
    Type* SrcTy = SrcI->getType();
    bool IsInputSigned = isa<SIToFPInst>(OpI);
    bool IsOutputSigned = isa<FPToSIInst>(FI);

    // We can safely assume the conversion won't overflow the output range,
    // because (for example) (uint8_t)18293.f is undefined behavior.

    // Since we can assume the conversion won't overflow, our decision as to
    // whether the input will fit in the float should depend on the minimum
    // of the input range and output range.

    // This means this is also safe for a signed input and unsigned output, since
    // a negative input would lead to undefined behavior.
    int InputSize = (int)SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits() - IsInputSigned;
    int OutputSize = (int)FITy->getScalarSizeInBits() - IsOutputSigned;
    int ActualSize = std::min(InputSize, OutputSize);

    if (ActualSize <= OpITy->getFPMantissaWidth()) {
        if (FITy->getScalarSizeInBits() > SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits()) {
            if (IsInputSigned && IsOutputSigned)
                return new SExtInst(SrcI, FITy);
            return new ZExtInst(SrcI, FITy);
        }
        if (FITy->getScalarSizeInBits() < SrcTy->getScalarSizeInBits())
            return new TruncInst(SrcI, FITy);
        if (SrcTy == FITy)
            return replaceInstUsesWith(FI, SrcI);
        return new BitCastInst(SrcI, FITy);
    }
    return nullptr;
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitFPToUI(FPToUIInst& FI) {
    Instruction* OpI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(FI.getOperand(0));
    if (!OpI)
        return commonCastTransforms(FI);

    if (Instruction * I = FoldItoFPtoI(FI))
        return I;

    return commonCastTransforms(FI);
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitFPToSI(FPToSIInst& FI) {
    Instruction* OpI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(FI.getOperand(0));
    if (!OpI)
        return commonCastTransforms(FI);

    if (Instruction * I = FoldItoFPtoI(FI))
        return I;

    return commonCastTransforms(FI);
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitUIToFP(CastInst& CI) {
    return commonCastTransforms(CI);
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitSIToFP(CastInst& CI) {
    return commonCastTransforms(CI);
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitIntToPtr(IntToPtrInst& CI) {
    // If the source integer type is not the intptr_t type for this target, do a
    // trunc or zext to the intptr_t type, then inttoptr of it.  This allows the
    // cast to be exposed to other transforms.
    unsigned AS = CI.getAddressSpace();
    if (CI.getOperand(0)->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() !=
        DL.getPointerSizeInBits(AS)) {
        Type* Ty = DL.getIntPtrType(CI.getContext(), AS);
        if (CI.getType()->isVectorTy()) // Handle vectors of pointers.
            Ty = VectorType::get(Ty, CI.getType()->getVectorNumElements());

        Value* P = Builder.CreateZExtOrTrunc(CI.getOperand(0), Ty);
        return new IntToPtrInst(P, CI.getType());
    }

    if (Instruction * I = commonCastTransforms(CI))
        return I;

    return nullptr;
}

/// Implement the transforms for cast of pointer (bitcast/ptrtoint)
Instruction* InstCombiner::commonPointerCastTransforms(CastInst& CI) {
    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);

    if (GetElementPtrInst * GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Src)) {
        // If casting the result of a getelementptr instruction with no offset, turn
        // this into a cast of the original pointer!
        if (GEP->hasAllZeroIndices() &&
            // If CI is an addrspacecast and GEP changes the poiner type, merging
            // GEP into CI would undo canonicalizing addrspacecast with different
            // pointer types, causing infinite loops.
            (!isa<AddrSpaceCastInst>(CI) ||
                GEP->getType() == GEP->getPointerOperandType())) {
            // Changing the cast operand is usually not a good idea but it is safe
            // here because the pointer operand is being replaced with another
            // pointer operand so the opcode doesn't need to change.
            Worklist.Add(GEP);
            CI.setOperand(0, GEP->getOperand(0));
            return &CI;
        }
    }

    return commonCastTransforms(CI);
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitPtrToInt(PtrToIntInst& CI) {
    // If the destination integer type is not the intptr_t type for this target,
    // do a ptrtoint to intptr_t then do a trunc or zext.  This allows the cast
    // to be exposed to other transforms.

    Type* Ty = CI.getType();
    unsigned AS = CI.getPointerAddressSpace();

    if (Ty->getScalarSizeInBits() == DL.getIndexSizeInBits(AS))
        return commonPointerCastTransforms(CI);

    Type* PtrTy = DL.getIntPtrType(CI.getContext(), AS);
    if (Ty->isVectorTy()) // Handle vectors of pointers.
        PtrTy = VectorType::get(PtrTy, Ty->getVectorNumElements());

    Value* P = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(CI.getOperand(0), PtrTy);
    return CastInst::CreateIntegerCast(P, Ty, /*isSigned=*/false);
}

/// This input value (which is known to have vector type) is being zero extended
/// or truncated to the specified vector type.
/// Try to replace it with a shuffle (and vector/vector bitcast) if possible.
///
/// The source and destination vector types may have different element types.
static Instruction* optimizeVectorResize(Value* InVal, VectorType* DestTy,
    InstCombiner& IC) {
    // We can only do this optimization if the output is a multiple of the input
    // element size, or the input is a multiple of the output element size.
    // Convert the input type to have the same element type as the output.
    VectorType* SrcTy = cast<VectorType>(InVal->getType());

    if (SrcTy->getElementType() != DestTy->getElementType()) {
        // The input types don't need to be identical, but for now they must be the
        // same size.  There is no specific reason we couldn't handle things like
        // <4 x i16> -> <4 x i32> by bitcasting to <2 x i32> but haven't gotten
        // there yet.
        if (SrcTy->getElementType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits() !=
            DestTy->getElementType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits())
            return nullptr;

        SrcTy = VectorType::get(DestTy->getElementType(), SrcTy->getNumElements());
        InVal = IC.Builder.CreateBitCast(InVal, SrcTy);
    }

    // Now that the element types match, get the shuffle mask and RHS of the
    // shuffle to use, which depends on whether we're increasing or decreasing the
    // size of the input.
    SmallVector<uint32_t, 16> ShuffleMask;
    Value* V2;

    if (SrcTy->getNumElements() > DestTy->getNumElements()) {
        // If we're shrinking the number of elements, just shuffle in the low
        // elements from the input and use undef as the second shuffle input.
        V2 = UndefValue::get(SrcTy);
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = DestTy->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i)
            ShuffleMask.push_back(i);

    }
    else {
        // If we're increasing the number of elements, shuffle in all of the
        // elements from InVal and fill the rest of the result elements with zeros
        // from a constant zero.
        V2 = Constant::getNullValue(SrcTy);
        unsigned SrcElts = SrcTy->getNumElements();
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = SrcElts; i != e; ++i)
            ShuffleMask.push_back(i);

        // The excess elements reference the first element of the zero input.
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = DestTy->getNumElements() - SrcElts; i != e; ++i)
            ShuffleMask.push_back(SrcElts);
    }

    return new ShuffleVectorInst(InVal, V2,
        ConstantDataVector::get(V2->getContext(),
            ShuffleMask));
}

static bool isMultipleOfTypeSize(unsigned Value, Type* Ty) {
    return Value % Ty->getPrimitiveSizeInBits() == 0;
}

static unsigned getTypeSizeIndex(unsigned Value, Type* Ty) {
    return Value / Ty->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
}

/// V is a value which is inserted into a vector of VecEltTy.
/// Look through the value to see if we can decompose it into
/// insertions into the vector.  See the example in the comment for
/// OptimizeIntegerToVectorInsertions for the pattern this handles.
/// The type of V is always a non-zero multiple of VecEltTy's size.
/// Shift is the number of bits between the lsb of V and the lsb of
/// the vector.
///
/// This returns false if the pattern can't be matched or true if it can,
/// filling in Elements with the elements found here.
static bool collectInsertionElements(Value* V, unsigned Shift,
    SmallVectorImpl<Value*>& Elements,
    Type* VecEltTy, bool isBigEndian) {
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isMultipleOfTypeSize(Shift, VecEltTy), "Shift should be a multiple of the element type size");

    // Undef values never contribute useful bits to the result.
    if (isa<UndefValue>(V)) return true;

    // If we got down to a value of the right type, we win, try inserting into the
    // right element.
    if (V->getType() == VecEltTy) {
        // Inserting null doesn't actually insert any elements.
        if (Constant * C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V))
            if (C->isNullValue())
                return true;

        unsigned ElementIndex = getTypeSizeIndex(Shift, VecEltTy);
        if (isBigEndian)
            ElementIndex = Elements.size() - ElementIndex - 1;

        // Fail if multiple elements are inserted into this slot.
        if (Elements[ElementIndex])
            return false;

        Elements[ElementIndex] = V;
        return true;
    }

    if (Constant * C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V)) {
        // Figure out the # elements this provides, and bitcast it or slice it up
        // as required.
        unsigned NumElts = getTypeSizeIndex(C->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits(),
            VecEltTy);
        // If the constant is the size of a vector element, we just need to bitcast
        // it to the right type so it gets properly inserted.
        if (NumElts == 1)
            return collectInsertionElements(ConstantExpr::getBitCast(C, VecEltTy),
                Shift, Elements, VecEltTy, isBigEndian);

        // Okay, this is a constant that covers multiple elements.  Slice it up into
        // pieces and insert each element-sized piece into the vector.
        if (!isa<IntegerType>(C->getType()))
            C = ConstantExpr::getBitCast(C, IntegerType::get(V->getContext(),
                C->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits()));
        unsigned ElementSize = VecEltTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
        Type* ElementIntTy = IntegerType::get(C->getContext(), ElementSize);

        for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumElts; ++i) {
            unsigned ShiftI = Shift + i * ElementSize;
            Constant* Piece = ConstantExpr::getLShr(C, ConstantInt::get(C->getType(),
                ShiftI));
            Piece = ConstantExpr::getTrunc(Piece, ElementIntTy);
            if (!collectInsertionElements(Piece, ShiftI, Elements, VecEltTy,
                isBigEndian))
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    if (!V->hasOneUse()) return false;

    Instruction* I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V);
    if (!I) return false;
    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
    default: return false; // Unhandled case.
    case Instruction::BitCast:
        return collectInsertionElements(I->getOperand(0), Shift, Elements, VecEltTy,
            isBigEndian);
    case Instruction::ZExt:
        if (!isMultipleOfTypeSize(
            I->getOperand(0)->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits(),
            VecEltTy))
            return false;
        return collectInsertionElements(I->getOperand(0), Shift, Elements, VecEltTy,
            isBigEndian);
    case Instruction::Or:
        return collectInsertionElements(I->getOperand(0), Shift, Elements, VecEltTy,
            isBigEndian) &&
            collectInsertionElements(I->getOperand(1), Shift, Elements, VecEltTy,
                isBigEndian);
    case Instruction::Shl: {
        // Must be shifting by a constant that is a multiple of the element size.
        ConstantInt* CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(I->getOperand(1));
        if (!CI) return false;
        Shift += CI->getZExtValue();
        if (!isMultipleOfTypeSize(Shift, VecEltTy)) return false;
        return collectInsertionElements(I->getOperand(0), Shift, Elements, VecEltTy,
            isBigEndian);
    }

    }
}


/// If the input is an 'or' instruction, we may be doing shifts and ors to
/// assemble the elements of the vector manually.
/// Try to rip the code out and replace it with insertelements.  This is to
/// optimize code like this:
///
///    %tmp37 = bitcast float %inc to i32
///    %tmp38 = zext i32 %tmp37 to i64
///    %tmp31 = bitcast float %inc5 to i32
///    %tmp32 = zext i32 %tmp31 to i64
///    %tmp33 = shl i64 %tmp32, 32
///    %ins35 = or i64 %tmp33, %tmp38
///    %tmp43 = bitcast i64 %ins35 to <2 x float>
///
/// Into two insertelements that do "buildvector{%inc, %inc5}".
static Value* optimizeIntegerToVectorInsertions(BitCastInst& CI,
    InstCombiner& IC) {
    VectorType* DestVecTy = cast<VectorType>(CI.getType());
    Value* IntInput = CI.getOperand(0);

    SmallVector<Value*, 8> Elements(DestVecTy->getNumElements());
    if (!collectInsertionElements(IntInput, 0, Elements,
        DestVecTy->getElementType(),
        IC.getDataLayout().isBigEndian()))
        return nullptr;

    // If we succeeded, we know that all of the element are specified by Elements
    // or are zero if Elements has a null entry.  Recast this as a set of
    // insertions.
    Value* Result = Constant::getNullValue(CI.getType());
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Elements.size(); i != e; ++i) {
        if (!Elements[i]) continue;  // Unset element.

        Result = IC.Builder.CreateInsertElement(Result, Elements[i],
            IC.Builder.getInt32(i));
    }

    return Result;
}

/// Canonicalize scalar bitcasts of extracted elements into a bitcast of the
/// vector followed by extract element. The backend tends to handle bitcasts of
/// vectors better than bitcasts of scalars because vector registers are
/// usually not type-specific like scalar integer or scalar floating-point.
static Instruction* canonicalizeBitCastExtElt(BitCastInst& BitCast,
    InstCombiner& IC) {
    // TODO: Create and use a pattern matcher for ExtractElementInst.
    auto* ExtElt = dyn_cast<ExtractElementInst>(BitCast.getOperand(0));
    if (!ExtElt || !ExtElt->hasOneUse())
        return nullptr;

    // The bitcast must be to a vectorizable type, otherwise we can't make a new
    // type to extract from.
    Type* DestType = BitCast.getType();
    if (!VectorType::isValidElementType(DestType))
        return nullptr;

    unsigned NumElts = ExtElt->getVectorOperandType()->getNumElements();
    auto* NewVecType = VectorType::get(DestType, NumElts);
    auto* NewBC = IC.Builder.CreateBitCast(ExtElt->getVectorOperand(),
        NewVecType, "bc");
    return ExtractElementInst::Create(NewBC, ExtElt->getIndexOperand());
}

/// Change the type of a bitwise logic operation if we can eliminate a bitcast.
static Instruction* foldBitCastBitwiseLogic(BitCastInst& BitCast,
    InstCombiner::BuilderTy& Builder) {
    Type* DestTy = BitCast.getType();
    BinaryOperator* BO;
    if (!DestTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy() ||
        !match(BitCast.getOperand(0), m_OneUse(m_BinOp(BO))) ||
        !BO->isBitwiseLogicOp())
        return nullptr;

    // FIXME: This transform is restricted to vector types to avoid backend
    // problems caused by creating potentially illegal operations. If a fix-up is
    // added to handle that situation, we can remove this check.
    if (!DestTy->isVectorTy() || !BO->getType()->isVectorTy())
        return nullptr;

    Value* X;
    if (match(BO->getOperand(0), m_OneUse(m_BitCast(m_Value(X)))) &&
        X->getType() == DestTy && !isa<Constant>(X)) {
        // bitcast(logic(bitcast(X), Y)) --> logic'(X, bitcast(Y))
        Value* CastedOp1 = Builder.CreateBitCast(BO->getOperand(1), DestTy);
        return BinaryOperator::Create(BO->getOpcode(), X, CastedOp1);
    }

    if (match(BO->getOperand(1), m_OneUse(m_BitCast(m_Value(X)))) &&
        X->getType() == DestTy && !isa<Constant>(X)) {
        // bitcast(logic(Y, bitcast(X))) --> logic'(bitcast(Y), X)
        Value* CastedOp0 = Builder.CreateBitCast(BO->getOperand(0), DestTy);
        return BinaryOperator::Create(BO->getOpcode(), CastedOp0, X);
    }

    // Canonicalize vector bitcasts to come before vector bitwise logic with a
    // constant. This eases recognition of special constants for later ops.
    // Example:
    // icmp u/s (a ^ signmask), (b ^ signmask) --> icmp s/u a, b
    Constant* C;
    if (match(BO->getOperand(1), m_Constant(C))) {
        // bitcast (logic X, C) --> logic (bitcast X, C')
        Value* CastedOp0 = Builder.CreateBitCast(BO->getOperand(0), DestTy);
        Value* CastedC = ConstantExpr::getBitCast(C, DestTy);
        return BinaryOperator::Create(BO->getOpcode(), CastedOp0, CastedC);
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/// Change the type of a select if we can eliminate a bitcast.
static Instruction* foldBitCastSelect(BitCastInst& BitCast,
    InstCombiner::BuilderTy& Builder) {
    Value* Cond, * TVal, * FVal;
    if (!match(BitCast.getOperand(0),
        m_OneUse(m_Select(m_Value(Cond), m_Value(TVal), m_Value(FVal)))))
        return nullptr;

    // A vector select must maintain the same number of elements in its operands.
    Type* CondTy = Cond->getType();
    Type* DestTy = BitCast.getType();
    if (CondTy->isVectorTy()) {
        if (!DestTy->isVectorTy())
            return nullptr;
        if (DestTy->getVectorNumElements() != CondTy->getVectorNumElements())
            return nullptr;
    }

    // FIXME: This transform is restricted from changing the select between
    // scalars and vectors to avoid backend problems caused by creating
    // potentially illegal operations. If a fix-up is added to handle that
    // situation, we can remove this check.
    if (DestTy->isVectorTy() != TVal->getType()->isVectorTy())
        return nullptr;

    auto* Sel = cast<Instruction>(BitCast.getOperand(0));
    Value* X;
    if (match(TVal, m_OneUse(m_BitCast(m_Value(X)))) && X->getType() == DestTy &&
        !isa<Constant>(X)) {
        // bitcast(select(Cond, bitcast(X), Y)) --> select'(Cond, X, bitcast(Y))
        Value* CastedVal = Builder.CreateBitCast(FVal, DestTy);
        return SelectInst::Create(Cond, X, CastedVal, "", nullptr, Sel);
    }

    if (match(FVal, m_OneUse(m_BitCast(m_Value(X)))) && X->getType() == DestTy &&
        !isa<Constant>(X)) {
        // bitcast(select(Cond, Y, bitcast(X))) --> select'(Cond, bitcast(Y), X)
        Value* CastedVal = Builder.CreateBitCast(TVal, DestTy);
        return SelectInst::Create(Cond, CastedVal, X, "", nullptr, Sel);
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/// Check if all users of CI are StoreInsts.
static bool hasStoreUsersOnly(CastInst& CI) {
    for (User* U : CI.users()) {
        if (!isa<StoreInst>(U))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/// This function handles following case
///
///     A  ->  B    cast
///     PHI
///     B  ->  A    cast
///
/// All the related PHI nodes can be replaced by new PHI nodes with type A.
/// The uses of \p CI can be changed to the new PHI node corresponding to \p PN.
Instruction* InstCombiner::optimizeBitCastFromPhi(CastInst& CI, PHINode* PN) {
    // Temporarily disable optimization of bitcasts through phi as it creates
    // significant amount of PHI nodes under certain patterns. As IGC has no
    // general register coalescing, these PHI nodes won't be coalesced. It
    // results in huge register pressure and slowdown lots of benchmarks
    // significantly.
    return nullptr;
    // BitCast used by Store can be handled in InstCombineLoadStoreAlloca.cpp.
    if (hasStoreUsersOnly(CI))
        return nullptr;

    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);
    Type* SrcTy = Src->getType();         // Type B
    Type* DestTy = CI.getType();          // Type A

    SmallVector<PHINode*, 4> PhiWorklist;
    SmallSetVector<PHINode*, 4> OldPhiNodes;

    // Find all of the A->B casts and PHI nodes.
    // We need to inpect all related PHI nodes, but PHIs can be cyclic, so
    // OldPhiNodes is used to track all known PHI nodes, before adding a new
    // PHI to PhiWorklist, it is checked against and added to OldPhiNodes first.
    PhiWorklist.push_back(PN);
    OldPhiNodes.insert(PN);
    while (!PhiWorklist.empty()) {
        auto* OldPN = PhiWorklist.pop_back_val();
        for (Value* IncValue : OldPN->incoming_values()) {
            if (isa<Constant>(IncValue))
                continue;

            if (auto * LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(IncValue)) {
                // If there is a sequence of one or more load instructions, each loaded
                // value is used as address of later load instruction, bitcast is
                // necessary to change the value type, don't optimize it. For
                // simplicity we give up if the load address comes from another load.
                Value* Addr = LI->getOperand(0);
                if (Addr == &CI || isa<LoadInst>(Addr))
                    return nullptr;
                if (LI->hasOneUse() && LI->isSimple())
                    continue;
                // If a LoadInst has more than one use, changing the type of loaded
                // value may create another bitcast.
                return nullptr;
            }

            if (auto * PNode = dyn_cast<PHINode>(IncValue)) {
                if (OldPhiNodes.insert(PNode))
                    PhiWorklist.push_back(PNode);
                continue;
            }

            auto* BCI = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(IncValue);
            // We can't handle other instructions.
            if (!BCI)
                return nullptr;

            // Verify it's a A->B cast.
            Type* TyA = BCI->getOperand(0)->getType();
            Type* TyB = BCI->getType();
            if (TyA != DestTy || TyB != SrcTy)
                return nullptr;
        }
    }

    // For each old PHI node, create a corresponding new PHI node with a type A.
    SmallDenseMap<PHINode*, PHINode*> NewPNodes;
    for (auto* OldPN : OldPhiNodes) {
        Builder.SetInsertPoint(OldPN);
        PHINode* NewPN = Builder.CreatePHI(DestTy, OldPN->getNumOperands());
        NewPNodes[OldPN] = NewPN;
    }

    // Fill in the operands of new PHI nodes.
    for (auto* OldPN : OldPhiNodes) {
        PHINode* NewPN = NewPNodes[OldPN];
        for (unsigned j = 0, e = OldPN->getNumOperands(); j != e; ++j) {
            Value* V = OldPN->getOperand(j);
            Value* NewV = nullptr;
            if (auto * C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V)) {
                NewV = ConstantExpr::getBitCast(C, DestTy);
            }
            else if (auto * LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(V)) {
                Builder.SetInsertPoint(LI->getNextNode());
                NewV = Builder.CreateBitCast(LI, DestTy);
                Worklist.Add(LI);
            }
            else if (auto * BCI = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(V)) {
                NewV = BCI->getOperand(0);
            }
            else if (auto * PrevPN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(V)) {
                NewV = NewPNodes[PrevPN];
            }
            IGC_ASSERT(NewV);
            NewPN->addIncoming(NewV, OldPN->getIncomingBlock(j));
        }
    }

    // If there is a store with type B, change it to type A.
    for (User* U : PN->users()) {
        auto* SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(U);
        if (SI && SI->isSimple() && SI->getOperand(0) == PN) {
            Builder.SetInsertPoint(SI);
            auto* NewBC =
                cast<BitCastInst>(Builder.CreateBitCast(NewPNodes[PN], SrcTy));
            SI->setOperand(0, NewBC);
            Worklist.Add(SI);
            IGC_ASSERT(hasStoreUsersOnly(*NewBC));
        }
    }

    return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, NewPNodes[PN]);
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitBitCast(BitCastInst& CI) {
    // If the operands are integer typed then apply the integer transforms,
    // otherwise just apply the common ones.
    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);
    Type* SrcTy = Src->getType();
    Type* DestTy = CI.getType();

    // Get rid of casts from one type to the same type. These are useless and can
    // be replaced by the operand.
    if (DestTy == Src->getType())
        return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, Src);

    if (PointerType * DstPTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(DestTy)) {
        PointerType* SrcPTy = cast<PointerType>(SrcTy);
        Type* DstElTy = DstPTy->getElementType();
        Type* SrcElTy = SrcPTy->getElementType();

        // Casting pointers between the same type, but with different address spaces
        // is an addrspace cast rather than a bitcast.
        if ((DstElTy == SrcElTy) &&
            (DstPTy->getAddressSpace() != SrcPTy->getAddressSpace()))
            return new AddrSpaceCastInst(Src, DestTy);

        // If we are casting a alloca to a pointer to a type of the same
        // size, rewrite the allocation instruction to allocate the "right" type.
        // There is no need to modify malloc calls because it is their bitcast that
        // needs to be cleaned up.
        if (AllocaInst * AI = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(Src))
            if (Instruction * V = PromoteCastOfAllocation(CI, *AI))
                return V;

        // When the type pointed to is not sized the cast cannot be
        // turned into a gep.
        Type* PointeeType =
            cast<PointerType>(Src->getType()->getScalarType())->getElementType();
        if (!PointeeType->isSized())
            return nullptr;

        // If the source and destination are pointers, and this cast is equivalent
        // to a getelementptr X, 0, 0, 0...  turn it into the appropriate gep.
        // This can enhance SROA and other transforms that want type-safe pointers.
        unsigned NumZeros = 0;
        while (SrcElTy != DstElTy &&
            isa<CompositeType>(SrcElTy) && !SrcElTy->isPointerTy() &&
            SrcElTy->getNumContainedTypes() /* not "{}" */) {
            SrcElTy = cast<CompositeType>(SrcElTy)->getTypeAtIndex(0U);
            ++NumZeros;
        }

        // If we found a path from the src to dest, create the getelementptr now.
        if (SrcElTy == DstElTy) {
            SmallVector<Value*, 8> Idxs(NumZeros + 1, Builder.getInt32(0));
            return GetElementPtrInst::CreateInBounds(Src, Idxs);
        }
    }

    if (VectorType * DestVTy = dyn_cast<VectorType>(DestTy)) {
        if (DestVTy->getNumElements() == 1 && !SrcTy->isVectorTy()) {
            Value* Elem = Builder.CreateBitCast(Src, DestVTy->getElementType());
            return InsertElementInst::Create(UndefValue::get(DestTy), Elem,
                Constant::getNullValue(Type::getInt32Ty(CI.getContext())));
            // FIXME: Canonicalize bitcast(insertelement) -> insertelement(bitcast)
        }

        if (isa<IntegerType>(SrcTy)) {
            // If this is a cast from an integer to vector, check to see if the input
            // is a trunc or zext of a bitcast from vector.  If so, we can replace all
            // the casts with a shuffle and (potentially) a bitcast.
            if (isa<TruncInst>(Src) || isa<ZExtInst>(Src)) {
                CastInst* SrcCast = cast<CastInst>(Src);
                if (BitCastInst * BCIn = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(SrcCast->getOperand(0)))
                    if (isa<VectorType>(BCIn->getOperand(0)->getType()))
                        if (Instruction * I = optimizeVectorResize(BCIn->getOperand(0),
                            cast<VectorType>(DestTy), *this))
                            return I;
            }

            // If the input is an 'or' instruction, we may be doing shifts and ors to
            // assemble the elements of the vector manually.  Try to rip the code out
            // and replace it with insertelements.
            if (Value * V = optimizeIntegerToVectorInsertions(CI, *this))
                return replaceInstUsesWith(CI, V);
        }
    }

    if (VectorType * SrcVTy = dyn_cast<VectorType>(SrcTy)) {
        if (SrcVTy->getNumElements() == 1) {
            // If our destination is not a vector, then make this a straight
            // scalar-scalar cast.
            if (!DestTy->isVectorTy()) {
                Value* Elem =
                    Builder.CreateExtractElement(Src,
                        Constant::getNullValue(Type::getInt32Ty(CI.getContext())));
                return CastInst::Create(Instruction::BitCast, Elem, DestTy);
            }

            // Otherwise, see if our source is an insert. If so, then use the scalar
            // component directly.
            if (InsertElementInst * IEI =
                dyn_cast<InsertElementInst>(CI.getOperand(0)))
                return CastInst::Create(Instruction::BitCast, IEI->getOperand(1),
                    DestTy);
        }
    }

    if (ShuffleVectorInst * SVI = dyn_cast<ShuffleVectorInst>(Src)) {
        // Okay, we have (bitcast (shuffle ..)).  Check to see if this is
        // a bitcast to a vector with the same # elts.
        if (SVI->hasOneUse() && DestTy->isVectorTy() &&
            DestTy->getVectorNumElements() == SVI->getType()->getNumElements() &&
            SVI->getType()->getNumElements() ==
            SVI->getOperand(0)->getType()->getVectorNumElements()) {
            BitCastInst* Tmp;
            // If either of the operands is a cast from CI.getType(), then
            // evaluating the shuffle in the casted destination's type will allow
            // us to eliminate at least one cast.
            if (((Tmp = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(SVI->getOperand(0))) &&
                Tmp->getOperand(0)->getType() == DestTy) ||
                ((Tmp = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(SVI->getOperand(1))) &&
                    Tmp->getOperand(0)->getType() == DestTy)) {
                Value* LHS = Builder.CreateBitCast(SVI->getOperand(0), DestTy);
                Value* RHS = Builder.CreateBitCast(SVI->getOperand(1), DestTy);
                // Return a new shuffle vector.  Use the same element ID's, as we
                // know the vector types match #elts.
                return new ShuffleVectorInst(LHS, RHS, SVI->getOperand(2));
            }
        }
    }

    // Handle the A->B->A cast, and there is an intervening PHI node.
    if (PHINode * PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(Src))
        if (Instruction * I = optimizeBitCastFromPhi(CI, PN))
            return I;

    if (Instruction * I = canonicalizeBitCastExtElt(CI, *this))
        return I;

    if (Instruction * I = foldBitCastBitwiseLogic(CI, Builder))
        return I;

    if (Instruction * I = foldBitCastSelect(CI, Builder))
        return I;

    if (SrcTy->isPointerTy())
        return commonPointerCastTransforms(CI);
    return commonCastTransforms(CI);
}

Instruction* InstCombiner::visitAddrSpaceCast(AddrSpaceCastInst& CI) {
    // If the destination pointer element type is not the same as the source's
    // first do a bitcast to the destination type, and then the addrspacecast.
    // This allows the cast to be exposed to other transforms.
    Value* Src = CI.getOperand(0);
    PointerType* SrcTy = cast<PointerType>(Src->getType()->getScalarType());
    PointerType* DestTy = cast<PointerType>(CI.getType()->getScalarType());

    Type* DestElemTy = DestTy->getElementType();
    if (SrcTy->getElementType() != DestElemTy) {
        Type* MidTy = PointerType::get(DestElemTy, SrcTy->getAddressSpace());
        if (VectorType * VT = dyn_cast<VectorType>(CI.getType())) {
            // Handle vectors of pointers.
            MidTy = VectorType::get(MidTy, VT->getNumElements());
        }

        Value* NewBitCast = Builder.CreateBitCast(Src, MidTy);
        return new AddrSpaceCastInst(NewBitCast, CI.getType());
    }

    return commonPointerCastTransforms(CI);
}
#include "common/LLVMWarningsPop.hpp"